Question:1

From the following pairs of numbers, find the reduced form of ratio of first number to second number.

i
72, 60 ii
38, 57 iii
52, 78

Solution:

72 72÷12 6
72 : 60 = 60 = 60÷12 = 5
=6:5 HCFof72and60 = 12

Thus, the reduced form of 72 : 60 is 6 : 5.

ii

38 38÷19 2
38 : 57 = 57 = 57÷19 = 3
=2:3 HCFof38and57 = 19

Thus, the reduced form of 38 : 57 is 2 : 3.

iii

52 52÷26 2
52 : 78 = 78 = 78÷26 = 3
=2:3 HCFof52and78 = 26

Thus, the reduced form of 52 : 78 is 2 : 3.

Question:2
Find the reduced form of the ratio of the first quantity to second quantity.

i
700 rs, 308 rs ii
14 rs, 12 rs. 40 paise. iii
5 litre, 2500 ml iv
3 years 4 months, 5years 8 months v
3.8 kg, 1900 gm

vi
7 minutes 20 seconds, 5 minutes 6 seconds.
Solution:

700 700÷28 25
Rs 700 : Rs 308 = 308 = 308÷28 = 11
= 25 : 11 HCFof700and308 = 28

ii

14 rupees = 1400 p

12 rupees 40 paise = 1200 + 40 = 1240 p

1400 1400÷40 35
∴ 14 rupees : 12 rupees 40 paise = 1400 p : 1240 p = 1240 = 1240÷40 = 31
= 35 : 31 HCFof1400and1240 = 40

iii

5 litre = 5000 mL 1L = 1000mL

5000 5000÷2500 2
∴ 5 litre : 2500 mL = 5000 mL : 2500 mL = 2500 = 2500÷2500 = 1
=2:1 HCFof5000and2500 = 2500

iv

3 years 4 months = 3 years + 4 months = 3 × 12 + 4 = 36 + 4 = 40 months 1year = 12months

5 years 8 months = 5 years + 8 months = 5 × 12 + 8 = 60 + 8 = 68 months

40 40÷4 10
∴ 3 years 4 months : 5 years 8 months = 40 months : 68 months = 68 = 68÷4 = 17
= 10 : 17 HCFof40and68 = 4

v
3.8 kg = 3.8 × 1000 = 3800 g 1kg = 1000g

3800 3800÷1900 2
∴ 3.8 kg : 1900 g = 3800 g : 1900 g = 1900 = 1900÷1900 = 1
=2:1 HCFof3800and1900 = 1900

iv

7 minutes 20 seconds = 7 minutes + 20 seconds = 7 × 60 + 20 = 420 + 20 = 440 seconds 1minute = 60seconds

5 minutes 6 seconds = 5 minutes + 6 seconds = 5 × 60 + 6 = 300 + 6 = 306 seconds

440 440÷2 220

∴ 7 minutes 20 seconds : 5 minutes 6 seconds = 440 seconds : 306 seconds = 306 = 306÷2 = 153
= 220 : 153 HCFof220and153 = 2

Question:3
Express the following percentages as ratios in the reduced form.

i
75 : 100
ii
44 : 100
iii
6.25%
iv
52 : 100
v
0.64%
Solution:

75 75÷25 3
75 : 100 = 100 = 100÷25 = 4
=3:4 HCFof75and100 = 25

ii

44 44÷4 11
44 : 100 = 100 = 100÷4 = 25
= 11 : 25 HCFof44and100 = 4

iii

6.25 625 625÷625 1

6.25% = 100 = 10000 = 10000÷625 = 16
= 1 : 16 HCFof625and10000 = 625

iv

52 52÷4 13
52 : 100 = 100 = 100÷4 = 25
= 13 : 25 HCFof52and100 = 4

0.64 64 64÷16 4
0.64% = 100 = 10000 = 10000÷16 = 625
= 4 : 625 HCFof64and10000 = 16

Question:4
Three persons can build a small house in 8 days. To build the same house in 6 days, how many persons are required?
Solution:

Let the number of persons required to build the same house in 6 days be x.

The number of persons and the number of days required to build the house are in inverse variation. So, the product of number of persons and the number of days required to build the
house is constant.

∴x ×6 =3 ×8

3×8 24
⇒x= 6 = 6

=4

Thus, 4 persons are required to build the same house in 6 days.

Question:5
Convert the following ratios into percentage.

i
15 : 25 ii
47 : 50 ​ iii
7
10

iv
 546
600

v
7
16

Solution:
i

15 15
15 : 25 = 25 = 25 × 100 %
= 15 × 4% = 60%

ii

47 47
47 : 50 = 50 = 50 × 100 %
= 47 × 2% = 94%

iii

7 7
10 = 10 × 100 %
= 7 × 10%= 70%

iv

546 546 546

600 = 600 × 100 % = 6 %

= 91%

7 7 700
16 = 16 × 100 % = 16 %

= 43.75%

Question:6
The ratio of ages of Abha and her mother is 2 : 5. At the time of Abha's birth her mothers age was 27 year. Find the present ages of Abha and her mother.
Solution:

The ratio of the present ages of Abha and her mother is 2 : 5.

Let the present age of Abha and her mother be 2x years and 5x years, respectively.

∴ Abha's mother age at the time of Abha's birth = 5x − 2x = 3x years

It is given that at the time of Abha's birth her mothers age was 27 year.

∴ 3x = 27

⇒x=9

∴ Present age of Abha = 2x = 2 × 9 = 18 years

Present age of Abha's mother = 5x = 5 × 9 = 45 years

Thus, the present age of Abha and her mother is 18 years and 45 years, respectively.

Question:7
Present ages of Vatsala and Sara are 14 years and 10 years respectively. After how many years the ratio of their ages will become 5 : 4?
Solution:

Let after x years, the ratio of their ages will become 5 : 4.

Age of Vatsala after x years = (14 + x) years

Age of Sara after x years = (10 + x) years

14+x 5
∴ 10+x = 4 ⇒ 56 + 4x = 50 + 5x ⇒ 5x -4x = 56 -50 ⇒ x = 6

Thus, the ratio of their ages will become 5 : 4 after 6 years.

Question:8
The ratio of present ages of Rehana and her mother is 2 : 7. After 2 years, the ratio of their ages will be 1 : 3. What is Rehana's present age ?
Solution:

Let the present ages of Rehana and her mother be 2x years and 7x years, respectively.

After 2 years,

Age of Rehana = (2x + 2) years

Age of Rehana's mother = (7x + 2) years

It is given that after 2 years, the ratio of their ages will be 1 : 3.

2x +2 1
∴ 7x +2 = 3 ⇒ 6x + 6 = 7x + 2 ⇒ 7x -6x = 6 -2 ⇒ x = 4

∴ Rehana's present age = 2x = 2 × 4 = 8 years

Thus, the present age of Rehana is 8 years.

Question:9
a ak
Using the property b = bk
, fill in the blanks substituting proper numbers in the following.

i
5 .... 35 ....
7 = 28 = .... = 3.5

ii
9 4.5 .... ....
14
= .... = 42 = 3.5

Solution:

28 = 7 × 4, 35 = 5 × 4, 3.5 = 7 × 0.5

Now,

5 5×4 5×7 5×0.5 5 20 35 2.5

7 = 7×4 = 7×7 = 7×0.5 ⇒ 7 = 28 = 49 = 3.5

ii

4.5 = 9 × 0.5, 42 = 14 × 3, 3.5 = 14 × 0.25

Now,

9 9×0.5 9×3 9×0.25 9 4.5 27 2.25

14 = 14×0.5 = 14×3 = 14×0.25 ⇒ 14 = 7 = 42 = 3.5

Question:10
Find the following ratios.

i
The ratio of radius to circumference of the circle.
ii
The ratio of circumference of circle with radius r to its area.
iii
The ratio of diagonal of a square to its side, if the length of side is 7 cm.
iv
The lengths of sides of a rectangle are 5 cm and 3.5 cm. Find the ratio of its perimeter to area.
Solution:

Let the radius of the circle be r units.

∴ Circumference of the circle = 2π

r units

Radius of the circle : Circumference of the circle = r : 2π

r 1

r = 2πr = 2π
= 1 : 2π

Thus, the ratio of radius to cirumference of the circle is 1 : 2π

.

ii

Radius of the circle = r units

∴ Circumference of the circle = 2π

r units

Area of the circle = π

r2 square units

Circumference of the circle : Area of the circle = 2π

r:π
2πr 2
r2 = πr =
2 r

=2:r

Thus, the ratio of circumference of circle with radius r to its area is 2 : r.

iii

Side of the square = 7 cm

∴ Length of diagonal of the square = √2

× Side of the square = 7√2
cm

Length of diagonal of the square : Side of the square = 7√2

7√2 √2
cm : 7 cm = 7 = 1

= √2
:1

Thus, the ratio of diagonal of the square to its side is √2

: 1.

iv
Length of the rectangle, l = 5 cm

Breadth of the rectangle, b = 3.5 cm

∴ Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(l + b) = 2 × 5 + 3.5

= 2 × 8.5 = 17 cm

Area of the rectangle = l × b = 5 × 3.5 = 17.5 cm 2

17 170 170÷5 34

Perimeter of the rectangle : Area of the rectangle = 17 : 17.5 = 17.5 = 175 = 175÷5 = 35
= 34 : 35

Thus, the ratio of perimeter to area of the rectangle is 34 : 35.

Question:11
Compare the following pairs of ratios.

i
√5 3
7
3 , √
ii
3√5 √ 63
5 √ 7 √ 125
,
iii
5 17
18 , 121

iv
√ 80 √ 45
√ 48 , √ 27
v
9.2 3.4
5.1
, 7.1
Solution:

√5 × √7 = √5 × 7 = √353 × 3 = 9 = √81

Now, √35 < √81

√5 3
7
∴ 3 <√

ii

3√5 × √125 = 3√5 × √25 × 5 = 3√5 × 5√5 = 755√7 × √63 = 5√7 × √9 × 7 = 5√7 × 3√7 = 105

Now, 75 < 105

3√5 √ 63
5 7 125
∴ √ <√

iii

5 × 121 = 60518 × 17 = 306

Now, 605 > 306

5 17
∴ 18 > 121

iv

√80 × √27 = √16 × 5 × √9 × 3 = 4√5 × 3√3 = 12√15√45 × √48 = √9 × 5 × √16 × 3 = 3√5 × 4√3 = 12√15
Now, 12√15 = 12√15

√ 80 √ 45
48 27
∴√ =√

9. 2 × 7. 1 = 65. 325. 1 × 3. 4 = 17. 34

Now, 65.32 > 17.34

9.2 3.4
∴ 5.1 > 7.1

Question:12
i
□
ABCD is a parallelogram. The ratio of ∠
A and ∠
B of this parallelogram is 5 : 4. Find the measure of ∠
B.
ii
The ratio of present ages of Albert and Salim is 5 : 9. Five years hence ratio of their ages will be 3 : 5. Find their present ages.
iii
The ratio of length and breadth of a rectangle is 3 : 1, and its perimeter is 36 cm. Find the length and breadth of the rectangle.
iv
The ratio of two numbers is 31 : 23 and their sum is 216. Find these numbers.
v
If the product of two numbers is 360 and their ratio is 10 : 9, then find the numbers.
Solution:

Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

Let the measure of ∠

A and ∠
B be 5x and 4x, respectively.

Now,

∠
A+∠
B = 180º Adjacentanglesofaparallelogramaresupplementary

∴ 5x + 4x = 180º

⇒ 9x = 180º

⇒ x = 20º

∴ Measure of ∠
B = 4x = 4 × 20º = 80º

Thus, the measure of ∠

B is 80º.

ii

Let the present ages of Albert and Salim be 5x years and 9x years, respectively.

5 years hence,

Age of Albert = (5x + 5) years

Age of Salim = (9x + 5) years

It is given that five year hence, the ratio of their ages will be 3 : 5.

5x +5 3
∴ 9x +5 = 5 ⇒ 25x + 25 = 27x + 15 ⇒ 27x -25x = 25 -15 ⇒ 2x = 10 ⇒ x = 5

∴ Present age of Albert = 5x = 5 × 5 = 25 years

Present age of Salim = 9x = 9 × 5 = 45 years

Thus, the present age of Albert is 25 years and the present age of Salim is 45 years.

iii

Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be 3x cm and x cm, respectively.

Perimeter of the rectangle = 36 cm

∴ 2Length + Breadth
= 36 cm

⇒ 2(3x + x) = 36

⇒ 2 × 4x = 36

⇒ 8x = 36

⇒ x = 4.5

∴ Length of the rectangle = 3x = 3 × 4.5 = 13.5 cm

Breadth of the rectangle = x = 4.5 cm

Thus, the length and breadth of the rectangle is 13.5 cm and 4.5 cm, respectively.

iv

Let the two numbers be 31x and 23x.

Sum of the two numbers = 216

∴ 31x + 23x = 216

⇒ 54x = 216

216
⇒x= 54

=4

∴ One number = 31x = 31 × 4 = 124

Other number = 23x = 23 × 4 = 92

Thus, the two numbers are 92 and 124.

Let the two numbers be 10x and 9x.

Product of the two numbers = 360

∴ 10x × 9x = 360

⇒ 90x 2 = 360

⇒ x2 = 4

⇒x=2

∴ One number = 10x = 10 × 2 = 20

Other number = 9x = 9 × 2 = 18

Thus, the two numbers are 18 and 20.

Question:13
If a : b = 3 : 1 and b : c = 5 : 1 then find the value of

( )
a3 3
15b 2c

ii
a2
7bc

Solution:

a:b=3:1

a 3
∴ b = 1 ⇒ a = 3b
.....1

b:c=5:1

b 5
∴ c = 1 ⇒ b = 5c
.....2

From 1
and 2
, we have

a = 3 × 5c = 15c

( ) [ ] ( )
a3 3 (15c ) 3 3 15×15×15c 3 3
15b 2c = 15×(5c ) 2×c = 15×25c 2×c = (9)3 = 729

ii

a2 (15c ) 2 225 45
7bc = 7×5c ×c = 35 = 7

Question:14
If √0. 04 × 0. 4 × a = 0. 4 × 0. 04 × √b
a
then find the ratio b

.
Solution:

√ a (√ 0.4×0.04 )
2

√
a
b 0.4×0.04
√0. 04 × 0. 4 × a = 0. 4 × 0. 04 × √b ⇒ √0. 04 × 0. 4 × √a = 0. 4 × 0. 04 × √b ⇒ √ = √ ⇒ b = √0. 4 × 0. 04

a a 4 4 16 a 2
⇒ b = 0. 4 × 0. 04 ⇒ b = 10 × 100 = 1000 ⇒ b = 125

∴ a : b = 2 : 125

Question:15
( x + 3) : ( x + 11) = ( x -
2) : ( x + 1) then find the value of x.
Solution:

x +3 x -2
(x + 3): (x + 11) = (x -2): (x + 1) ⇒ x +11 = x +1 ⇒ (x + 3)× (x + 1) = (x -2)× (x + 11) ⇒ x 2 + x + 3x + 3 = x 2 + 11x -2x -22

⇒ 4x + 3 = 9x -22 ⇒ 9x -4x = 22 + 3 ⇒ 5x = 25 ⇒ x = 5
Thus, the value of x is 5.

Question:16
a 7
If b = 3
then find the values of the following ratios.

i
5a + 3b
5a - 3b

ii
2a 2 + 3b 2
2a 2 - 3b 2

iii
a3 - b3
b3

iv
7a + 9b
7a - 9b

Solution:

a 7 a b
b =3⇒ 7 = 3 = k ⇒ a = 7k, b = 3k

5a+3b 5×7k +3×3k 35k +9k 44k 22

5a-3b = 5×7k -3×3k = 35k -9k = 26k = 13

ii

2a 2+3b 2 2×(7k ) 2+3×(3k ) 2 98k 2+27k 2 125k 2 125

2a 2-3b 2 = 2×(7k ) 2-3×(3k ) 2 = 98k 2-27k 2 = 71k 2 = 71

iii

a 3-b 3 (7k ) 3-(3k ) 3 343k 3-27k 3 316k 3 316

b3 = (3k ) 3 = 27k 3 = 27k 3 = 27

iv

7a+9b 7×7k +9×3k 49k +27k 76k 38

7a-9b = 7×7k -9×3k = 49k -27k = 22k = 11

Question:17
15a 2 + 4b 2 47
2 2
If 15a - 4b = 7
then find the values of following ratios.

i
a
b

ii
7a - 3b
7a + 3b

iii
b 2 - 2a 2
b 2 + 2a 2

iv
b 3 - 2a 3
b 3 + 2a 3

Solution:

15a 2+4b 2 47
15a 2-4b 2 = 7

Applying componendo and dividendo, we get

(15a +4b )+ (15a -4b )

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2
30a 2 a2
(15a +4b )- (15a -4b ) = 47+7
√
2 2
15a +4b +15a -4b2 2
54 27 27×8 9 a 9 3
2 2 2 2
47-7 ⇒ 15a +4b -15a +4b = 40 ⇒ 8b 2 = 20 ⇒ b2 = 20×30 = 25 ⇒ b = 25 =5

ii

7a 3b 3
b b
- 7×5-3

( )
7a-3b 7a 3b 3 a 3
b b 5
7a+3b = + = 7× +3 b =5

21-15
5
21+15 6 1
5
= = 36 = 6

iii

b2 2a2
9 25-18
b2 b2
- 1-2×25 25

( )
b2 2a2
b 2-2a 2 9 a 3 a2 9 25+18
b2
+b
2
b 2 +2a 2 = = 1+2×
25
b = ⇒ 5 b2 = 25 =
25

7
= 43
iv

b3 2a3
27 125-54
b3 b3
- 1-2×125 125

( )
3 3 b3 2a3 3
b -2a 27 a 3 a 27 125+54
b3
+b
3
b 3 +2a 3 = = 1+2×125 b = ⇒ 5 b3 = 125 =
125

71
= 179

Question:18
3a + 7b 4
If 3a - 7b = 3
3a 2 - 7b 2
then find the value of the ratio 3a 2 + 7b 2

Solution:

3a+7b 4
3a-7b =3

Applying componendo and dividendo, we get

(3a+7b)+(3a-7b) 4+3 3a+7b+3a-7b 7 6a a 14×7 49

(3a+7b)-(3a-7b) = 4-3 ⇒ 3a+7b-3a+7b =1⇒ 14b =7⇒ b = 6 = 3 . . . . . (1)

Now,

() ()
a 49
2 2
3a2 7b2 3× b -7 3× 3 -7
2401-21
b2 b2
- 3

() ()
a 49
2 2 3a2 7b2 2 2 2401+21
3a -7b 3× b +7 3× 3 +7
b2
+b
2
3a 2+7b 2 = = = [Using (1)] =
3

2380 2380÷14 170

= 2422 = 2422÷14 (HCF of 2380 and 2422 = 14) = 173

Question:19
Solve the following equations.

i
x 2 + 12x -20 x 2 + 8x + 12
3x - 5 = 2x + 3

ii
10x 2 + 15x + 63 2x + 3
5x 2 - 25x + 12 = x-5

iii
(2x + 1) 2 + (2x - 1) 2 17
(2x + 1) 2 - (2x - 1) 2 = 8

iv
√ 4x + 1 + √ x + 3 4
√ 4x + 1 - √ x + 3 = 1

v
(4x + 1 ) 2 + (2x + 3) 2 61
4x 2 + 12x + 9 = 36

vi
(3x - 4 ) 3 - ( x + 1 ) 3 61
(3x - 4 ) 3 + ( x + 1 ) 3 = 189

Solution:

x 2+12x -20 x 2+8x +12

3x -5 = 2x +3

1
Multiplying both sides by 4

, we get

x 2+12x -20 x 2+8x +12

12x -20 = 8x +12

Using dividendo, we get

(x +12x -20 )-(12x -20) (x +8x +12 )-(8x +12)

2 2
x 2+12x -20-12x +20 x 2+8x +12-8x -12 x2 x2
12x -20 = 8x +12 ⇒ 12x -20 = 8x +12 ⇒ 12x -20 = 8x +12

This equation is true for x = 0. Therefore, x = 0 is a solution of the given equation.

If x ≠ 0, then x 2 ≠ 0.

Dividing both sides by x 2, we get

 1 1
12x -20 = 8x +12 ⇒ 12x -20 = 8x + 12 ⇒ 12x -8x = 20 + 12 ⇒ 4x = 32 ⇒ x = 8

Thus, the solutions of the given equation are x = 0 and x = 8.

ii

10x 2+15x +63 2x +3 10x 2+15x +63 5x 2-25x +12

5x 2-25x +12 = x -5 ⇒ 2x +3 = x -5

1
Multiplying both sides by 5x

, we get

10x 2+15x +63 5x 2-25x +12

10x 2+15x = 5x 2-25x

Using dividendo, we get

(10x +15x +63 )- (10x +15x ) (5x -25x +12 )- (5x -25x )
2 2 2 2
63 12 63 12 63 12
10x 2+15x = 5x 2-25x ⇒ 10x 2+15x = 5x
2-25x
⇒ 5x (2x +3) = 5x (x -5) ⇒ 2x +3 = x -5

351
⇒ 63x -315 = 24x + 36 ⇒ 63x -24x = 315 + 36 ⇒ 39x = 351 ⇒ x = 39 =9

Thus, the solution of the give equation is x = 9.

iii

(2x +1) 2 +(2x -1) 2 17

(2x +1) 2 -(2x -1) 2 = 8

Applying componendo and dividendo, we get

[(2x +1) +(2x -1) ]+[(2x +1)

2 2 2 -(2x -1) 2
]
2
[(2x +1) +(2x -1) ]- [(2x +1) ] = 17+8
√
2 2 2
2(2x +1) 25 2x +1 25 5
-(2x -1) 2 2
17-8 ⇒ 2(2x -1) = 9 ⇒ 2x -1 = 9 =3

⇒ 6x + 3 = 10x -5 ⇒ 10x -6x = 5 + 3 ⇒ 4x = 8 ⇒ x = 2

Thus, the solution of the given equation is x = 2.

iv

√ 4x +1+√ x +3 4
√ 4x +1- √ x +3 = 1

Applying componendo and dividendo, we get

(√4x +1+√x +3 )+ (√4x +1- √x +3 ) 2 √ 4x +1

4+1 5 √ 4x +1 5
(√4x +1+√x +3 )- (√4x +1- √x +3 ) = 4-1 ⇒ 2√x +3 = 3 ⇒ √x +3 = 3

Squaring on both sides, we get

()
4x +1 5 25
2
x +3 = 3 = 9 ⇒ 36x + 9 = 25x + 75 ⇒ 36x -25x = 75 -9 ⇒ 11x = 66 ⇒ x = 6

Thus, the solution of the given equation is x = 6.

(4x +1) 2 +(2x +3) 2 61 (4x +1) 2+(2x +3) 2 61

4x 2+12x +9 = 36 ⇒ (2x +3) 2 = 36

Applying dividendo, we get

(4x +1) 2+(2x +3) 2-(2x +3) 2 61-36 (4x +1) 2 25

(2x +3) 2 = 36 ⇒ (2x +3) 2 = 36

Taking square root on both sides, we get

√
4x +1 25 5 9
2x +3 = 36 = 6 ⇒ 24x + 6 = 10x + 15 ⇒ 24x -10x = 15 -6 ⇒ 14x = 9 ⇒ x = 14

9
Thus, the solution of the given equation is x = 14
.

vi

(3x -4) 3-(x +1) 3 61

(3x -4) 3+(x +1) 3 = 189

Applying componendo and dividendo, we get

[(3x -4) -(x +1) ]+[(3x -4) +(x +1) ]

3 3 3 3

3 (3x -4) 3
[(3x -4) -(x +1) ]- [(3x -4) +(x +1) ] = 61+189
3 3 3
2(3x -4)
3
61-189 ⇒ -2(x +1) 3
250
= -128 ⇒ (x +1) 3 =
125
64
Taking cube root on both sides, we get

√ √( )
3x -4 3 125 3x -4 3 5 5
3
x +1 = 64 ⇒ x +1 = 4
= 4 ⇒ 12x -16 = 5x + 5 ⇒ 12x -5x = 16 + 5 ⇒ 7x = 21 ⇒ x = 3

Thus, the solution of the given equation is x = 3.

Question:20
Fill in the blanks of the following

i
x y 3x + 5y 7x - 9y
7 = 3 = .......... = .........

ii
a b c a-2b+3c ..........
3
= 4 =7 = ....... = 6 - 8 + 14

Solution:

x y 3×x 5×y x y 3x 5y 3x +5y x y 3x +5y

7 = 3 = 3×7 = 5×3 ⇒ 7 = 3 = 21 = 15 = 21+15 (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 7 = 3 = 36

Also,

x y 7×x -9×y x y 7x -9y 7x -9y x y 7x -9y

7 = 3 = 7×7 = -9×3 ⇒ 7 = 3 = 49 = -27 = 49+(-27) (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 7 = 3 = 22

x y 3x +5y 7x -9y
∴7 =3 = 36 = 22

ii

a b c -2×b 3×c a b c -2b 3c a+(-2b)+3c a b c a-2b+3c

3 = 4 = 7 = -2×4 = 3×7 ⇒ 3 = 4 = 7 = -8
= 21 = 3+(-8)+21 (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 3 = 4 = 7 = 16

Also,

a b c 2×a -2×b 2×c a b c 2a -2b 2c 2a+(-2b)+2c a b c 2a-2b+2c

3 = 4 = 7 = 2×3 = -2×4 = 2×7 ⇒ 3 = 4 = 7 = 6 = -8 = 14 = 6+(-8)+14 (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 3 = 4 = 7 = 6-8+14

a b c a-2b+3c 2a-2b+2c
∴3=4=7= 16 = 6-8+14

Question:21
5m -n
= 3m + 4n
then find the values of the following expressions.

i
m2+ n 2
m2- n 2

ii
3m + 4n
3m - 4n

Solution:

m 5
5m -n = 3m + 4n ⇒ 5m -3m = 4n + n ⇒ 2m = 5n ⇒ n =2

m2 n2
25
n2 n2
+ 4 +1

( )
m2+n 2 m2 n2 25 m 5 29
n2 n2
m2-n 2 = - =
4
-1 n =2 = 21

ii

3m 4n 5
n+n 3×2+4
3m+4n 3m 4n 5 15+8 23
3m-4n n-n 3×2-4 15-8 7
= = = =

Question:22
i
If a(y+z) = b(z+x) = c(x+y) and out of a, b, c no two of them are equal then show that,

y-z z-x x-y

a( b - c ) = b( c - a) = c ( a - b)

ii
x y z
If 3x - y - z = 3y - z - x = 3z - x - y
and x + y + z ≠ 0
then show that the value of each ratio is equal to 1.

iii
 ax + by bx +az ay + bz
If x + y = x + z = y +z

and x + y + z ≠ 0
a+b
then show that 2

iv
y +z z +x x +y
If a = b = c
x y z
then show that b+c -a = c +a-b = a+b-c

v
3x - 5y x + 5z y-z
If 5z + 3y = y - 5x = x-z
x
then show that every ratio = y
.

Solution:

Let a(y + z) = b(z + x) = c(x + y) = k

( ) [ ]
k k k k k k k2 x +y -z -x y -z k2
⇒ a = y +z , b = z +x , c = x +y ∴ a(b -c) = (y +z ) z +x - x +y ⇒ a(b -c) = (y +z ) (z +x )(x +y ) ⇒ a(b-c ) = (x +y )(y +z )(z +x ) . . . . . (1)

Similarly,

z -x k2 x -y k2
b(c -a) = (x +y )(y +z )(z +x ) . . . . . (2)c (a-b) = (x +y )(y +z )(z +x ) . . . . . (3)

From 1
,2
and 3
, we have

y -z z -x x -y
a(b-c ) = b(c -a) = c (a-b)

ii

x y z x +y +z
3x -y -z = 3y -z -x = 3z -x -y = (3x -y -z )+(3y -z -x )+(3z -x -y )
Theoremofequalratios

x y z x +y +z
⇒ 3x -y -z = 3y -z -x = 3z -x -y = x +y +z

x y z
⇒ 3x -y -z = 3y -z -x = 3z -x -y = 1

iii

ax +by bx +az ay +bz (ax +by )+(bx +az )+(ay +bz )

x +y = x +z = y +z = (x +y )+(x +z )+(y +z )

Theoremofequalratios

ax +by bx +az ay +bz (a+b)x +(a+b)y +(a+b)z ax +by bx +az ay +bz (a+b)(x +y +z ) ax +by bx +az ay +bz a+b
⇒ x +y = x +z = y +z = 2x +2y +2z ⇒ x +y = x +z = y +z = 2(x +y +z ) ⇒ x +y = x +z = y +z = 2

iv

y +z z +x x +y
a = b = c

a b c
y +z = z +x = x +y
Byinvertendo

a b c b+c -a a b c b+c -a
y +z = z +x = x +y = z +x +x +y -y -z (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ y +z = z +x = x +y = 2x . . . . . (1)

Now,

a b c c +a-b a b c c +a-b
y +z = z +x = x +y = x +y +y +z -z -x (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ y +z = z +x = x +y = 2y . . . . . (2)

Also,

a b c a+b-c a b c a+b-c
y +z = z +x = x +y = y +z +z +x -x -y (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ y +z = z +x = x +y = 2z . . . . . (3)

From 1
,2
and 3
, we have
b+c -a c +a-b a+b-c b+c-a c+a-b a+b-c x y z
2x = 2y = 2z ⇒ x
= y
= z
⇒ b+c-a
= c+a-b = a+b-c (By invertendo)

3x -5y x +5z y -z 5(y -z ) 3x -5y x +5z 5(y -z ) (3x -5y )+(x +5z )+ 5(y -z ) 3x -5y x +5z y -z 3x -5y +x +5z +5y -5z 3x -5y x +5z y -z 4x 3x -5y x +5z y -z x
5z +3y = y -5x = x -z = 5(x -z ) ⇒ 5z +3y = y -5x = 5(x -z ) = (5z +3y )+(y -5x )+5(x -z ) (Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 5z +3y = y -5x = x -z = 5z +3y +y -5x +5x -5z ⇒ 5z +3y = y -5x = x -z = 4y ⇒ 5z +3y = y -5x = x -z =y

Question:23
Solve

i
16x 2 - 20x + 9 4x - 5
8x 2 + 12x + 21 = 2x + 3

ii
5y 2 + 40y - 12 y +8
5y + 10y 2 - 4 = 1 + 2y

Solution:

16x 2-20x +9 4x -5
8x 2+12x +21 = 2x +3

16×0-20×0+9 4×0-5
If x = 0, then 8×0+12×0+21 = 2×0+3
9 -5
⇒ = 21 3

, which is not true.

So, x = 0 is not a solution of the given equation.

Now,

(16x -20x +9 )-4x (4x -5)

2

16x 2-20x +9 16x 2-20x +9 16x 2-20x +9 16x 2-20x +9-16x 2+20x 16x 2-20x +9
8x 2+12x +21 =
4x -5
2x +3 =
4x (4x -5)
4x (2x +3) ⇒ 8x 2+12x +21 =
4x -5
2x +3 =
( 8x +12x +21 ) -4x (2x +3)
2
(Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 8x 2+12x +21
4x -5
= 2x +3 = 8x 2+12x +21-8x 2-12x ⇒ 8x 2+12x +21
4x -5
= 2x +3 = 21
9

4x -5 9 4x -5 3
∴ 2x +3 = 21 ⇒ 2x +3 = 7 ⇒ 28x -35 = 6x + 9 ⇒ 28x -6x = 35 + 9 ⇒ 22x = 44 ⇒ x = 2

Thus, the solution of the given equation is x = 2.

ii

5y 2+40y -12 y +8
5y +10y 2-4 = 1+2y

5×0+40×0-12 0+8
If y = 0, then 5×0+10×0-4 = 1+2×0
-12 8
⇒ -4 = 1
, which is not true.

So, y = 0 is not a solution of the given equation.

Now,

(5y +40y -12 )-5y (y +8)

2

5y 2+40y -12 5y 2+40y -12 5y 2+40y -12 5y 2+40y -12-5y 2-40y 5y 2+40y -12
5y +10y 2-4 =
y +8
1+2y =
5y (y +8)
5y (1+2y ) ⇒ 5y +10y 2-4 =
y +8
1+2y =
(5y +10y -4 )-5y (1+2y )
2
(Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 5y +10y 2-4
y +8
= 1+2y = 5y +10y 2-4-5y -10y 2 ⇒ 5y +10y 2-4
y +8
= 1+2y =
-12
-4

y +8 -12
∴ 1+2y = -4 = 3 ⇒ y + 8 = 3 + 6y ⇒ 6y -y = 8 -3 ⇒ 5y = 5 ⇒ y = 1

Thus, the solution of the given equation is y = 1.

Question:24
Which number should be subtracted from 12, 16 and 21 so that resultant numbers are in continued proportion?
Solution:

Le the number x be subtracted from 12, 16 and 21 so that resultant numbers are in continued proportion.

∴ (12 − x), (16 − x), (21 − x) are in continued proportion.

12-x 16-x
⇒ 16-x = 21-x ⇒ (16 -x)2 = (12 -x)× (21 -x) ⇒ 256 + x 2 -32x = 252 -12x -21x + x 2 ⇒ 256 -32x = 252 -33x ⇒ 33x -32x = 252 -256 ⇒ x = -4

Thus, the number −4 must be subtracted from 12, 16 and 21 so that resultant numbers are in continued proportion.

Question:25
If (28-x
) is the mean proportional of (23-x
) and (19-x
) then find the vaue of x.
Solution:

It is given that (28 − x) is the mean proportional of (23 − x) and (19 − x).
 347
∴ (28 -x)2 = (23 -x)× (19 -x) ⇒ 784 + x 2 -56x = 437 -23x -19x + x 2 ⇒ 784 -56x = 437 -42x ⇒ 56x -42x = 784 -437 ⇒ 14x = 347 ⇒ x = 14

347
Thus, the value of x is 14

Question:26
Three numbers are in continued proportion, whose mean proportional is 12 and the sum of the remaining two numbers is 26, then find these numbers.
Solution:

Let the remaining two numbers be x and y.

So, the numbers x, 12, y are in continued proportion.

​∴ xy = 12
2 = 144 .....1

Also,

x + y = 26 .....2

Solving 1
and 2
, we get

144
x+ x = 26 ⇒ x 2 + 144 = 26x ⇒ x 2 -26x + 144 = 0 ⇒ x 2 -18x -8x + 144 = 0 ⇒ x(x -18)-8(x -18) = 0 ⇒ (x -8)(x -18) = 0

⇒ x − 8 = 0 or x − 18 = 0

⇒ x = 8 or x = 18

When x = 8, y = 26 − 8 = 18

Using(2)

When x = 18, y = 26 − 18 = 8

Thus, the numbers are 8, 12, 18 or 18, 12, 8.

Question:27
If (a + b + c) (a -
b + c) = a2 + b2 + c 2 show that a, b, c are in continued proportion.
Solution:

(a + b + c)(a -b + c) = a2 + b2 + c 2 ⇒ (a + c)2 -b2 = a2 + b2 + c 2 ⇒ a2 + c 2 + 2ac -b2 = a2 + b2 + c 2 ⇒ 2b2 = 2ac ⇒ b2 = ac

Therefore, a, b, c are in continued proportion.

Question:28
a b
If b = c
and a, b, c
> 0 then show that,

i
(a + b + c) (b -
c) = ab -
c2

ii
(a2 + b2) (b2 + c 2 ) = (ab + bc)2

iii

a2 + b2 a+c
ab = b

Solution:

a b
b = c ⇒ b2 = ac . . . . . (1)

(a + b + c)(b -c) = ab -ac + b2 -bc + bc -c 2 = ab -ac + ac -c 2 [Using (1)] = ab -c 2

ii

(a + b )(b + c ) = (a + ac )(ac + c )
2 2 2 2 2 2 [Using (1)] = a(a + c)× c(a + c) = ac(a + c)2 = b2 (a + c)2 [Using (1)] = (ab + bc)2

iii

a 2+b 2 a2 +ac a(a+c) a+c

ab = ab [Using (1)] = ab = b

Question:29
 x +y x2 - y2
Find mean proportional of x-y , x 2y 2

Solution:

If b is the mean proportional of a and c, then b2 = ac

or b = √ac
.

x +y
Mean proportional of x -y
2 2
x -y
and x 2y 2

√ √ √( )
x 2-y 2 (x +y ) 2

√
x +y x +y (x -y )(x +y ) x +y x +y
2y 2
2
= x -y ×x = x -y × x 2y 2 = (x y ) 2 = xy = xy

Question:30
Select the appropriate alternative answer for the following questions.

i
If 6 : 5 = y : 20 then what will be the value of y ?
A
15 B
24 C
18 D
22.5

ii
What is the ratio of 1 mm to 1 cm ?
A
1 : 100 B
10 : 1 C
1 : 10 D
100 : 1

iii ∗
The ages of Jatin, Nitin and Mohasin are 16, 24 and 36 years respectively. What is the ratio of Nitin’s age to Mohasin’s age ?
A
3:2 B
2:3C
4:3D
3:4

iv
24 Bananas were distributed between Shubham and Anil in the ratio 3 : 5, then how many bananas did Shubham get ?
A
8B
15 C
12 D
9

v
What is the mean proportional of 4 and 25 ?
A
6B
8 C
10 D
12
Solution:

6 : 5 = y : 20

6 y 6×20
∴ 5 = 20 ⇒ y = 5 = 24

Thus, the value of y is 24.

Hence, the correct answer is option B

.

ii

Ratio of 1 mm to 1 cm

= 1 mm : 1 cm

= 1 mm : 10 mm 1cm = 10mm

= 1 : 10

Hence, the correct answer is option C

.

iii

Age of Nitin = 24 years

Age of Mohasin = 36 years

∴ Ratio of Nitin's age to Mohansin's age

= Age of Nitin : Age of Mohasin

= 24 years : 36 years

24 24÷12 2
= 36 = 36÷12 (HCF of 24 and 36 = 12) = 3

=2:3

Thus, the ratio of Nitin's age to Mohasin's age is 2 : 3.

Hence, the correct answer is option B

.

iv

The number of bananas received by Shubham and Anil is the ratio 3 : 5.

Let the number of bananas received by Shubham and Anil be 3x and 5x, respectively.

∴ 3x + 5x = 24

⇒ 8x = 24

⇒x=3

∴ Number of bananas received by Shubham = 3x = 3 × 3 = 9

Thus, Shubham gets 9 bananas.

Hence, the correct answer is option D

.

Mean proportional of 4 and 25

= √4 × 25 = √100 = 10

Thus, the mean proportional of 4 and 25 is 10.

Hence, the correct answer is option C

.

Question:31
For the following numbers write the ratio of first number to second number in the reduced form.

i
21, 48 ii
36, 90 iii
65, 117 iv
138, 161 v
114, 133
Solution:

21 21÷3 7
21 : 48 = 48 = 48÷3 = 16
= 7 : 16 HCFof21and48 = 3

Thus, the reduced form of 21 : 48 is 7 : 16.

ii

36 36÷18 2
36 : 90 = 90 = 90÷18 = 5
=2:5 HCFof36and90 = 18

Thus, the reduced form of 36 : 90 is 2 : 5.

iii

65 65÷13 5
65 : 117 = 117 = 113÷13 = 9
=5:9 HCFof65and113 = 13

Thus, the reduced form of 65 : 117 is 5 : 9.

iv

138 138÷23 6
138 : 161 = 161 = 161÷23 = 7
=6:7 HCFof138and161 = 23

Thus, the reduced form of 138 : 161 is 6 : 7.

114 114÷19 6
114 : 133 = 133 = 133÷19 = 7
=6:7 HCFof114and133 = 19
Thus, the reduced form of 114 : 133 is 6 : 7.

Question:32
Write the following ratios in the reduced form.

i
Radius to the diameter of a circle.
ii
The ratio of diagonal to the length of a rectangle, having length 4 cm and breadth 3 cm.
iii
The ratio of perimeter to area of a square, having side 4 cm.
Solution:

Let the radius of the circle be r units.

Diameter of the circle = 2 × Radius of the circle = 2r units

∴ Ratio of radius to diameter of a circle = Radius of the circle : Diameter of the circle = r : 2r = 1 : 2

ii

Length of the rectangle, l = 4 cm

Breadth of the rectangle, b = 3 cm

Now,

Diagonal of the rectangle = √l 2 + b2 = √32 + 42 = √9 + 16 = √25

= 5 cm

∴ Ratio of diagonal to the length of the rectangle = Diagonal of the rectangle : Length of the rectangle = 5 cm : 4 cm = 5 : 4

iii

Side of the squre = 4 cm

Perimeter of the square = 4 × Side of the squre = 4 × 4 cm = 16 cm

Area of the squre = Sideofthesquare

2
= 4cm
2
= 16 cm 2

∴ Ratio of perimeter to area of the square = Perimeter of the square : Area of the squre = 16 : 16 = 1 : 1

Question:33
Check whether the following numbers are in continued proportion.

i
2, 4, 8 ii
1, 2, 3 iii
9, 12, 16 iv
3, 5, 8
Solution:

a b
The numbers a, b, c are in continued proportion if b = c
.

2 14 1
4 = 28 = 2

2 4
Since 4 = 8
, so the numbers 2, 4, 8 are in continued proportion.

ii

1 2
Since 2 ≠ 3
, so the numbers 1, 2, 3 are not in continued proportion.

iii

9 3 12 3
12 = 4 16 = 4

9 12
Since 12 = 16
, so the numbers 9, 12, 16 are in continued proportion.

iv

3 5
Since 5 ≠ 8
, so the numbers 3, 5, 8 are not in continued proportion.

Question:34
a, b, c are in continued proportion. If a = 3 and c = 27 then find b.
Solution:

It is given that 3, b, 27 are in continued proportion.

3 b
∴ b = 27 ⇒ b2 = 3 × 27 ⇒ b2 = 81 ⇒ b = √81 = 9

Thus, the value of b is 9.

Question:35
Convert the following ratios into percentages..

i
37 : 500 ii
5
8

iii
22
30

iv
5
16

v
144
1200

Solution:

37 37
37 : 500 = 500 × 100 % = 5 % = 7. 4 %

ii

5 5 500
8 = 8 × 100 % = 8 % = 62. 5 %

iii

22 22 220
30 = 30 × 100 % = 3 % = 73. 33 %

iv

5 5 500
16 = 16 × 100 % = 16 % = 31. 25 %

144 144 144

1200 = 1200 × 100 % = 12 % = 12 %

Question:36
Write the ratio of first quantity to second quantity in the reduced form.

i
1024 MB, 1.2 GB

(1024MB = 1GB)

ii
17 Rupees, 25 Rupees 60 paise iii
5 dozen, 120 units
iv
4 sq.m, 800 sq.cm v
1.5 kg, 2500 gm
Solution:

Ratio of 1024 MB to 1.2 GB

= 1024 MB : 1.2 × 1024 MB

1024 1 10 5
= 1.2×1024 = 1.2 = 12 = 6

=5:6

ii

17 Rupees = 1700 paise Re1 = 100paise

25 Rupees 60 paise = 25 Rupees + 60 paise = 2500 paise + 60 paise = 2560 paise

∴ Ratio of 17 Rupees to 25 Rupees 60 paise

= 1700 paise : 2560 paise

1700 1700÷20 85
= 2560 = 2560÷20 (HCF of 1700 and 2560 = 20) = 128
= 85 : 128

iii

Ratio of 5 dozen to 120 units

= 5 × 12 units : 120 units

= 60 units : 120 units

60 1
= 120 = 2

=1:2

iv

1 m 2 = 10000 cm 2

4 m 2 = 4 × 10000 cm 2 = 40000 cm 2

∴ Ratio of 4 m 2 to 800 cm 2

= 40000 cm 2 : 800 cm 2

40000
= 800 = 50

= 50 : 1

1.5 kg = 1.5 × 1000 g = 1500 g

∴ Ratio of 1.5 kg to 2500 g

= 1500 g : 2500 g

1500 3
= 2500 = 5

=3:5

Question:37
a 2
If b = 3
then find the values of the following expressions.

i
4a + 3b
3b

ii
5a 2 + 2b 2
5a 2 - 2b 2

iii
a3 + b3
b3

iv
7b - 4a
7b + 4a

Solution:

a 2 4a 4×2 8
b =3⇒ 3b = 3×3 = 9

Applying componendo, we get

4a+3b 8+9 4a+3b 17

3b = 9 ⇒ 3b = 9

ii

a 2 a2 4 5a 2 5×4 5a 2 20
b =3⇒ b2 =9 (Squaring both sides) ⇒ 2b 2 = 2×9 ⇒ 2b 2 = 18

Applying componendo and dividendo, we get

5a 2+2b 2 20+18 5a 2+2b 2 38 5a 2+2b 2

5a 2-2b 2 = 20-18 ⇒ 5a 2-2b 2 = 2 ⇒ 5a 2-2b 2 = 19

iii

a 2 a3 8
b =3⇒ b3 = 27 (Cubing both sides)

Applying componendo, we get

a 3+b 3 8+27 a 3+b 3 35

b3 = 27 ⇒ b3 = 27

iv

a 2
b =3
Applying invertendo, we get

b 3 7b 7×3 21
a =2 ⇒ 4a = 4×2 = 8

Applying componendo and dividendo, we get

7b+4a 21+8 7b+4a 29

7b-4a = 21-8 ⇒ 7b-4a = 13

Applying invertendo, we get

7b-4a 13
7b+4a = 29

Question:38
If a, b, c, d are in proportion , then prove that

i
11a 2 + 9ac a 2 + 3ac
11b 2 + 9bd = b 2 + 3bd

ii

√
a 2 + 5c 2 a
b 2 + 5d 2 = b

iii
a 2 + ab + b 2 c 2 +c d+ d 2
a 2 - ab + b 2 = c 2 -c d+ d 2

Solution:

It is given that a, b, c, d are in proportion.

a c
∴ b = d = k ⇒ a = bk, c = dk

11a 2+9ac 11(bk ) 2+9×bk ×dk (

k 2 11b 2+9bd ) a 2+3ac (bk)2 +3×bk×dk (
k2 b2 +3bd )
11b 2+9bd = 11b 2+9bd = 11b 2+9bd = k2 . . . . . (1)b
2+3bd
= b2 +3bd
= b2 +3bd
= k2 . . . . . (2)

From 1
and 2
, we get

11a 2+9ac a 2+3ac

11b 2+9bd =b
2
+3bd

ii

√( )
k 2 b 2+5d 2

√ √
a 2+5c 2 (bk ) 2+5(dk ) 2 a bk
b 2+5d 2 = b 2+5d 2 = b 2+5d 2 = √k 2 = k . . . . . (1)b = b =k . . . . . (2)

From 1
and 2
, we get

√
a 2+5c 2 a
b 2+5d 2 =b

iii

(
b 2 k 2+k +1) (
d 2 k 2+k +1 )
a 2+ab+b 2 2 2
b ( k -k +1 ) ( ) = kk +k-k +1
(bk)2 +bk×b+b2 2 2 k +k +1 c2 +cd+d2 (dk)2 +dk×d+d2
d 2 k 2-k +1
a 2-ab+b 2 = (bk)2 -bk×b+b2
= = k -k +1
2
. . . . . (1) c2 -cd+d2
= (dk)2 -dk×d+d2
=
2 +1 . . . . . (2)

From 1
and 2
, we get

a 2+ab+b 2 c2 +cd+d2
a 2-ab+b 2 = c2 -cd+d2

Question:39
If a, b, c are in continued proportion , then prove that

i
a a - 2b
a + 2b = a - 4c

ii
b a-b
b+c = a-c
Solution:

a, b, c are in continued proportion.

a b
∴ b = c = k ⇒ a = bk, b = ck ⇒ a = bk = ck × k = ck 2

c k (k -2)
ck2 ck2 c k 2-2×c k
a
a+2b = ck
2+2×c k
= c k (k +2) = k+2
k a-2b
. . . . . (1)a-4c = c k 2-4c =
( )=
c k 2-4
k(k-2)
(k-2)(k+2)
k

= k+2 . . . . . (2)

From 1
and 2
, we get

a a-2b
a+2b = a-4c

ii

c k (k -1)
c k 2-c k
b
b+c
ck ck
= c k +c = c (k +1) = k+1
k

. . . . . (1)a-c =
a-b
c k 2-c =
( )=
c k 2-1
k(k-1)
(k-1)(k+1) = k+1
k

. . . . . (2)

From 1
and 2
, we get

b a-b
b+c = a-c

Question:40
Solve :

12x 2 + 18x + 42 2x + 3
18x 2 + 12x + 58 = 3x + 2

Solution:

12x 2+18x +42 2x +3

18x 2 +12x +58 = 3x +2

12×0+18×0+42 2×0+3 42 3
If x = 0, then 18×0+12×0+58 = 3×0+2 ⇒ 58 =2
, which is not true.

So, x = 0 is not a solution of the given equation.

Now,

(12x +18x +42 )-6x (2x +3)

2

12x 2+18x +42 12x 2+18x +42 12x 2+18x +42 12x 2+18x +42-12x 2-18x 12x 2+18x +42
18x 2 +12x +58 =
2x +3
3x +2 =
6x (2x +3)
6x (3x +2) ⇒ 18x 2 +12x +58 =
2x +3
3x +2 =
(18x +12x +58 )-6x (3x +2)
2
(Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒ 18x 2 +12x +58
2x +3
= 3x +2 = 18x
2 +12x +58-18x 2 -12x
⇒ 18x 2 +12x +58
2x +3
= 3x +2 = 58
42

2x +3 42 2x +3 21
∴ 3x +2 = 58 ⇒ 3x +2 = 29 ⇒ 58x + 87 = 63x + 42 ⇒ 63x -58x = 87 -42 ⇒ 5x = 45 ⇒ x = 9

Thus, the solution of the given equation is x = 9.

Question:41
2x - 3y z-y x + 3z
If 3z + y = z-x = 2y - 3x
x
then prove that every ratio = y
.
Solution:

2x -3y z -y x +3z 2x -3y 3(z -y ) x +3z 2x -3y 3(z -y ) x +3z (2x -3y )-3(z -y )+(x +3z )
3z +y = z -x = 2y -3x ⇒ 3z +y = 3(z -x ) = 2y -3x ⇒ 3z +y = 3(z -x ) = 2y -3x = (3z +y )-3(z -x )+(2y -3x ) (Theorem of equal ratios)

2x -3y 3(z -y ) x +3z 2x -3y -3z +3y +x +3z 2x -3y 3(z -y ) x +3z 3x 2x -3y z -y x +3z x
⇒ 3z +y = 3(z -x ) = 2y -3x = 3z +y -3z +3x +2y -3x ⇒ 3z +y = 3(z -x ) = 2y -3x = 3y ∴ 3z +y = z -x = 2y -3x = y

Question:42
13 ∗
by + c z c z +ax ax + by
If b2 + c 2 = c 2 + a2 = a2 + b2
x y z
then prove that a = b = c

.
Solution:

(by +c z )+(c z +ax )+(ax +by ) 2(ax +by +c z )

by +c z
b 2 +c 2 =
c z +ax
c 2+a 2 =
ax +by
a 2+b 2 ⇒
by +c z
b 2 +c 2 =
c z +ax
c 2+a 2 =
ax +by
a 2+b 2 =
(b +c )+ (c +a )+ (a +b )
2 2 2 2 2 2
(Theorem of equal ratios) ⇒
by +c z
b 2 +c 2 =
c z +ax
c 2+a 2 =
ax +by
a 2+b 2 =
2ax +2by +2c z
2a 2+2b 2+2c 2 ⇒
by +c z
b 2 +c 2 =
c z +ax
c 2+a 2 =
ax +by
a 2+b 2 =
(
2 a 2+b 2+c 2 ) ⇒ byb +c+cz = ccz +ax
2 2 2 2
ax +b
2
+a = a +b

Again applying theorem of equal ratios, we get

(by +c z )-(ax +by +c z ) (c z +ax )-(ax +by +c z ) (ax +by )-(ax +by +c z )

(b +c )- (a +b +c ) = ( c +a )- (a +b +c ) = (a +b )- (a +b +c ) = axa +by
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 +c z
+b +c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2

-ax -by -c z x y z
⇒ -a 2 = -b 2 = -c 2 ⇒ a =b=c
Proc es s ing math: 100%
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