Geography Ch-4


MAPS
 INTRODUCTION
• Maps are a representation of a part of the Earth or the
Earth as a whole according to a scale.
• We can't flatten a round shape completely so it is
impossible to have an accurate scale.
• Maps are useful for a number of purposes.
• When many maps are grouped together in a book, the
book is called an atlas.
• It has number of facts related to the maps an the areas or
themes the maps represent.
• The study and making of maps is known as
cartography.
GLOBE VS MAPS
MAP AND ATLAS
TYPES OF MAPS
TYPES OF MAPS
 PHYSICAL MAPS
• Maps that show
the natural
features of the
Earth.
• Like- mountains,
rivers, plateaus,
hills, etc.
• Also known as
relief maps.
 POLITICAL MAP
• Maps that show
different
continents,
countries, cities
and town with
their
political borders
are known as
political maps.
 THEMATIC MAPS
• Maps which
represent a
specific theme
are called
thematic maps.
• Like climate,
roads, railways,
etc. are all
thematic maps.
 COMPONENTS OF A MAP

•DISTANCE
DISTANCE •Small scale and large
scale

•DIRECTION
•Cardinal points and
compass

•SYMBOLS
•Conventional symbols
 COMPONENTS OF A MAP
1. Distance
• Maps are a small scale representation of either the world or a part
of it and therefore the distances shown are between two places is
real and since the map is small, a scale is used.
• A scale is a ratio between the actual distance on the ground and
the distances on the map. For example on a scale of 1:100, for
every centimeter on the map we will count a hundred kilometers
on land.
• There are two types of scales,
i) Small scale maps- Which are used for showing larger areas like
continents and countries etc.
ii) Large scale maps- Which are used for showing smaller areas like
cities and villages.
DISTANCE- SMALL AND LARGE
SCALE
 COMPONENTS OF A MAP
2. Direction
1) There is a 'N' sign marked on top of each map which
indicates the north direction and its is called the north
line.
2) There are four major directions on a map called
cardinal points, namely- North, South, East and West.
3) Other four directions are north-east (NE), north west
(NW), south-east (SE) and south-west (SW).
• A compass is a device used to find directions and the
needle on the compass always indicates the north-south
directions.
DIRECTIONS AND COMPASS
 COMPONENTS OF A MAP
3. Symbols
1. It is not possible to indicate the complete image of
buildings, mountains, river, etc and so symbols like color,
shade, shape, line are used to indicate these items.
2. Maps have a universal language, which is internationally
agreed upon, so that everyone can understand maps.
3. The symbols used in this language are known as
conventional symbols.
4. Various color combinations are also used for example
blue indicates water, yellow indicates plateaus, green
indicates vegetation etc.
 SKETCH
• A sketch is an image
drawn based on memory
and spot observation and
is not to scale. These are
mainly drawn to give a
rough idea of a place
with respect to the other
places or landmarks
around it.
• For eg: When you draw
a rough map of your area
to indicate the location
of your school that is
called a sketch maps.
 PLAN
• A plan is a drawing of a
small area on a large
scale.
• A large-scale map gives a
lot of information, but
there are certain things
which we may sometimes
want to know,
• For example, the length
and breadth of a room,
which can’t be shown in
a map.
• At that time, we can refer
drawings drawn to scale
called a plan.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SKETCH, PLAN
AND MAP
 EXERCISE QUESTIONS
Q.1 Why do we need to understand maps?

Ans: Maps are used for:

1. To find our way around a city. 2. To find the location of specific places in a new city.

3. To find the shortest route to a specific spot.

4. To find out locations of petrol pumps, police stations and rest houses on highways.

5. In case of emergency, it helps to find the nearest hospital or medical aid.

Q.2 How are maps more helpful than a globe?

Q.3 Make a sketch of your house till your school using conventional symbols?

Q.4 Take a political map of the state you live in and try to spot all the components of the map.
After you have completed studying the map answer the following questions;

a) What is the scale of the map? b) What is the capital of the state?

c) Which is the largest city of the state? d) What is the approximate size of the state?
 BY:
AAKANSHA
VARSHNEY