Goodman relation

In materials science and fatigue, the Goodman relation is an equation used to quantify the interaction of mean and alternating
stresses on the fatigue life of a material.

A Goodman diagram,[1][2] sometimes called a Haigh diagram[3] or a Haigh-Soderberg diagram,[4] is a graph of (linear) mean
stress vs. (linear) alternating stress, showing when the material fails at some given number of cycles.

A scatterplot of experimental data shown on such a plot can often be approximated by a parabola known as the Gerber line, which
can in turn be (conservatively) approximated by a straight line called theGoodman line. [4][5]

Contents
Mathematical description
References
Bibliography
Further reading

Mathematical description
The Goodman relation can be represented mathematically as:

Where is the alternating stress, is the mean stress, is the fatigue limit for
completely reversed loading, and is the ultimate tensile strength of the material. So,
the Goodman line connects on abscissa and on the ordinate.

The general trend given by the Goodman relation is one of decreasing fatigue life with
increasing mean stress for a given level of alternating stress. The relation can be plotted
The area below the curve
to determine the safe cyclic loading of a part; if the coordinate given by the mean stress indicates that the material should
and the alternating stress lies under the curve given by the relation, then the part will not fail given the stresses. The
survive. If the coordinate is above the curve, then the part will fail for the given stress area above the curve represents
parameters.[6] likely failure of the material.

References
1. Herbert J. Sutherland and John F. Mandell. "Optimized Goodman diagram for the analysis of fiberglass composites
used in wind turbine blades"(http://www.montana.edu/composites/documents/AIAA_2005_0196.pdf).
2. David Roylance. "Fatigue" (http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-11-mechanics-of-materia
ls-fall-1999/modules/fatigue.pdf)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629125756/http://ocw
.mit.edu/courses/
materials-science-and-engineering/3-11-mechanics-of-materials-fall-1999/modules/fatigue.pdf)2011-06-29 at the
Wayback Machine.. 2001.
3.
4. Tapany Udomphol. "Fatigue of metals" (http://www.sut.ac.th/engineering/metal/pdf/MechMet/12_Fatigue%20of%20m
etals.pdf). 2007.
 5. "Fatigue" (http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120905140833/http://www
.eng.auburn.edu/users/marghitu/chapter3.pd
f) Figure 3.9
6. Hertzberg, p. 530-31.

Bibliography
Goodman, J., Mechanics Applied to Engineering, Longman, Green & Company, London, 1899
Hertzberg, Richard W., Deformation and Fracture Mechanics and Engineering Materials . John Wiley and Sons,
Hoboken, NJ: 1996.
Mars, W. V., Computed dependence of rubber's fatigue behavior on strain crystallization
. Rubber Chemistry and
Technology, 82(1), 51-61. 2009

Further reading
Mott, Robert L. (2004).Machine elements in mechanical design(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson
Prentice Hall. pp. 190–192.ISBN 0130618853.
Nisbett, Richard G. Budynas, J. Keith (2008).Shigley's mechanical engineering design(8th ed.). Boston [Mass.]:
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. pp. 295–300.ISBN 9780073121932.

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