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 Seismic
Waves
Independent Learning Activity
 Table of contents

01 02 03 04

TASK 1 TASK 1 TASK 2 PREDICTION

Different Types of Dangers of Predicting Internal Structure
Seismic Waves Aftershocks Earthquakes of the Earth
 01
Task 1
What are the different types of
seismic waves?
There are several different kinds of
seismic waves, and they all move in
different ways. The two main types of
waves are body waves and surface
waves. Body waves can travel through
the earth's inner layers, but surface
waves can only move along the
surface of the planet like ripples on
water. Earthquakes radiate seismic
energy as both body and surface
waves.
 02
Task 1
Why are aftershocks more
dangerous than the main quake?
Once the main shock has occurred,
hundreds to thousands of aftershocks
may occur. Those aftershocks may
trigger a larger shock in the zone. If
the initial quake has caused damage
to a structure, it is possible that
aftershocks may weaken it until it
collapses killing more people.
 03
Task 2
Were scientists able to find ways
to predict earthquakes? If not,
were there ways for them to have
a hint of its occurrence?
 Predicting Earthquakes
Short answer is: scientists can’t. It’s not currently possible to predict exactly when
or where an earthquake is going to happen. However, they can definitely identify
areas of the world where earthquakes are more likely to occur. As part of the
AuScope program, more than 100 continuously operating satellite sensors have
been put in place all over mainland Australia, as well as on several of Australia’s
island territories. The sensors track the global navigation satellite systems
(GNSS), including the United States GPS satellites, the Russian GLONAS system,
the Chinese Beidou system, Japan’s QZSS and the European Union’s Galileo
system. This tracking data enables scientists to determine highly accurate
locations for the senors, and how these locations change over time (as the
tectonic plates move). The data also supports the International GNSS Service and
a wide range of other applications.
 04
Prediction
How did scientists theorized the
internal structure of the Earth?
 Internal Structure of the Earth
How can we find out what’s happening deep inside the Earth? The temperatures
are too hot, pressures too extreme, and distances too vast to be explored by
conventional probes. So scientists rely on seismic waves—shock waves generated
by earthquakes and explosions that travel through Earth and across its
surface—to reveal the structure of the interior of the planet. Thousands of
earthquakes occur every year, and each one provides a fleeting glimpse of the
Earth’s interior. Seismic signals consist of several kinds of waves. Those important
for understanding the Earth’s interior are P-waves, (primary, or compressional
waves), and S-waves (secondary, or shear waves), which travel through solid and
liquid material in different ways.
THANK
YOU!
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 G2 Due

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