Primitive Time Sparta

- Physical activities were not organized. - The main objective was to contribute a strong and powerful army.
- Physical activities were mainly to search food and depend themselves to - Only the strong and vigorous babies were allowed to live.
harm and danger. - All boys above six years old are subjected to a rigid training.
Ancient China - The physical activities consisted of wrestling, jumping, and running,
throwing the discus and javelin, hunting, horseback riding and marching.
- Physical activities, only for the rich, were Chinese classic show in music,
Athens
dancing and archery
- The people felt that the cause of their illnesses was their sedentary life, so -The objective of physical education was for physical perfection with
KUNG FU was developed, a form of medical gymnastics. emphasis on beauty of physique.
- Kung Fu is the earliest exercise recorded in the history - Gymnastics and music were considered as the two important subjects in
India the curriculum.
- Olympic Games
- Concentrate solely on spiritual rather than physical activities.
- Greece laid the foundation of the present Olympic Games, which was first
- Evidence of physical activities; Hindu dancing –one of the oldest organized
held in 776 B.C. and continued every four years after.
dancing.
Greek philosophers, teachers and medical men who contributed to the worth of
- Favorite pastime- throwing balls, dice, tumbling, riding elephants,
physical education.
wrestling, boxing and dancing.
- YOGA their greatest contribution, exercise in posture and breathing and  Herodotus- physical education as an aid to medicine.
involves several positions to regulate and discipline the mind.
 Hippocrates- proclaimed the law of use and disuse of the body parts.
Egypt
 Aristotle- prescribes progression of exercises and recognized the
- The Egyptian believed in life full of physical activities.
interrelationship of body and soul.
- Young boys were instructed in the use of weapons of war, such as bow
and arrow, lance and shield.  Socrates- gave emphasis on the importance of physical education in attaining
- They engaged in sports and gymnastics exercise. Women, on the other health in order to achieve one’s purpose in life.
hand, dance for the royal entertainment.
 Plato- considered gymnastics and music as the two most important subjects
Greece
in the curriculum.
- Physical Education reached its golden age.
 Galen- stated that physical education is part of hygiene and subordinate to
- The two city-states that gave importance in physical activities were;
medicine.
-Sparta and Athens,
-but they were exact opposite in their objectives in physical education.
Health
-
is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not
merely the absence of disease.
The Four Aspects of PE
Physical
- a student who actively takes part in physical education will develop and
maintain a good health and sense of Physical fitness.
Mental
- P.E provides an opportunity for the students to learn how their bodies
work and why they do the functions they do.
Emotional
- offers opportunities for self-expression and emotions, which include
courage, determination, self-confidence and self-control.
Social
- chance to develop desirable social traits that are needed in everyday life.
This includes friendliness, respect, honesty and sportsmanship.
Fitness
-is the ability to meet the demands of the environment. Your environment
is everything around you. It includes home, school, family and friends. If
you can carry out everyday tasks and activities without getting too tired
and still have energy left over for emergencies then you are fit.
Health and Fitness are closely linked. You cannot be healthy without being fit enough
to meet the demands of your environment e.g. a broken arm means not being able
to do your school work. However, you can be fit but not healthy – you can physically
manage your everyday tasks but are constantly depressed about being no good at
anything. Remember - Health is complete physical, social, and mental well-being
Components of fitness
Flexibility
-This is the range of movement at a joint. You need flexibility for tying shoe laces,
reaching up to a shelf or playing sports. If you have poor flexibility, you move stiffly
and are more likely to injure your tendons and ligaments in violent movements
Speed
-The time it takes to move the body or part of the body over a given distance. Speed
is needed to move either your whole body e.g. in the run up to long jump.
Balance- The ability to maintain stability (not fall over)
 The ability to retain the center of mass above the base of support.
Co-ordination
-The ability to move two or more body parts together, smoothly and accurately in
response to what your senses.
Endurance
- refers to your body's physical capability to sustain an exercise for an extended
period.
Power
-is the ability to perform strength-based movements quickly. Power is an important
component of fitness that is used in many dynamic sports activities
Agility
-the ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space with speed and
accuracy
Strength
- is the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance. The amount of force
that can be exerted by a muscle depends on the size and number of the muscles
involved, as well as the type of muscle fibers used.