A Research Paper Submitted To The Senior High School Department of San Beda University Manila

A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON ONLINE LEARNING TO THE LEARNING
PROCESS OF GRADE 12 ABM STUDENTS IN SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY
MANILA.
A Research Paper Submitted to the Senior High School Department of

San Beda University Manila
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject,

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)
Presented by:
AVILA, Victoria Therese S.
DELA CRUZ, Dieve F.
HORMIGOS, Maria Anndrian Nicole A.
MORATO, Cheridan Robie L.
SARIP, Paisal Jr. P.
TAMONDONG, Roberta Angela S.
Presented to:
ANTHONY ERIC T. CABBAB, LPT, MA (cand)
May 2021
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Background of the Study

The online world is increasingly penetrating the education domain because of its
convenience in linking one server to another. Yoon et al. (2012) stated that online
learning was first proposed by Jay Cross in 1999. With the advancement of technology,
numerous online platforms were developed that are essential to improve learning.
Different terminologies such as distance learning, web-based training, and network
learning appeared. Online learning is any style of learning that is associated and
accompanied by technology that is now being used by students.
The study shows the performances of students in online learning. The new style of
learning makes a big adjustment not only to students, but also to parents and other people
in the household. It also requires time and effort to cope up easily. The sudden change
from face-to-face or actual classroom setup of learning to online learning makes a big
impact to people. Learning outcome would be affected by learning mode, curriculum
design, (Jude et al., 2014). With these, there are positive and negative outcomes which
include the students' performances in relation to the online learning. Given the increased
development in online workplace, new skills also emerged.
According to Manuel (2007), since online space is always used for the new
learning setup, teachers developed skills in familiarizing the basics in using digital tools.
This is essential in using different platforms that can help te students in having a
productive discussion. On the other hand, factors like slow internet connectivity and
technical difficulties could have a huge impact in adjusting for the new learning setup.
Discussions can be interrupted whenever instances like slow internet connection occur.
This can affect the performance of students since good quality of learning and having
interactive communication was interrupted.
Statement of the Problem
The main objective of the study is to investigate the relationship of online
learning to learning process of Senior High School ABM Students of San Beda
University. Furthermore, the study includes relevant questions that seek answers
regarding the study itself. The questions are as follows:
1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents according to:

1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Location
2. Which of these factors contributes more on the learning process?
2.1 Psychological factors
2.2 Sociocultural (environmental) factors
2.3 School-related factors
2.4 Teaching learning process factors
3. Is there a significant relationship between these factors to learning process?
4. Is there a significant difference between male vs female to online learning and learning
process?
5. Is there a significant relationship between online learning and learning process of the
students?
Hypothesis of the Study

The Relationship of Online Learning to the Learning Process of Grade 12 ABM
Students in San Beda University Manila has a huge impact when it comes to learning
process. According to Davies and Graff (2005), Online learning promotes a process of
student- teacher learning. Moreover, the advantages of online discussion improve the
students’ performance that leads to significantly higher performance for students
achieving passing grades.
Hence, the null hypotheses are
HO 1: There is no significant difference between male vs female to online
learning and learning process.
HO 2: There is no significant relationship between the 4 factors and
learning process of the students?
HO3: There is no significant relationship between online learning and the
learning process of the students.
Significance of the Study

This study will serve as a vital instrument and will provide essential data in
figuring out the relationship of online learning to the learning process of Grade 12 ABM
Students in San Beda University-Manila this study will be beneficial to the following.
Grade 12 ABM Students of San Beda University San Beda University's grade 12 ABM
Manila
students will benefit greatly from this
research. Students can learn if there is a
connection between online learning and their
learning process as a result of this study.
San Beda University This research will help the school navigate and
develop their services if there is a connection
between online learning and grade 12 ABM
students.
Senior High school Teachers of Since teachers play such an important role in
San Beda University - Manila students' learning, this research would be
useful to San Beda University-Manila Senior
High School Teachers. It would be important
to them and they would be aware if there is a
link between online learning and the learning
experience of their students.
Guidance Counselors of San Beda University This will be significant to them because they
Manila are responsible as well for the student's learning
process and mental health. This will help them
to assess and find a better approach to the
students in improving their learning process.
Future Researchers This study would be beneficial to the future

researchers to serve as a reference material and
general information for those who wish to
conduct a research similar to this study.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The research focuses on getting their demographic profile composing of
continuous and categorical data of the San Beda University Manila's grade 12 ABM
students. The data from the analysis will be used to show if there are factors that affect
students learning process. It also seeks to examine the significant relationship between
online learning and the demographic profile of the respondents. Furthermore, the study
attempts to distinguish what the relationship of online learning to the learning process of
the grade 12 students.
In line with this, the researchers limited this research to the grade 12 ABM
students at San Beda University Manila. The researchers will conduct a survey
questionnaire using the Slovin’s formula of the grade 12 ABM students at San Beda
University Manila. This will be conducted throughout the end of their research paper.
Definition of Terms
Data
A collection of data that defines the contents, format, and structure of a database,
as well as the relationships between its components, and is used to control database
access and manipulation. (Oxford University Press, 2005). This method relies on linked
data to achieve this aim (Laublet, 2006).
Digital
Using or characterized by computer technology, displaying the time with
numbers rather than hour and minute hands, or referring to information stored in the
form of the numbers 0 and 1, and using or characterized by computer technology
(Merriam-Webster, 2002). It's the one who's responsible for a lot of these new
interactions (Harrington, 1997).
Internet
Except when used attributively, an electronic communications network that
connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world
(Merriam-Webster, 2000). The internet is a form of technology that enables people to
find alternatives in any sector in a competitive world.
Learning
The act of learning or the experience of learning (Merriam-Webster, 2020). It is
an investigation of the forms in which "They are portrayed in modern experimentation
and theorizing," according to (Hilgard & Bower, 1966).
Learning Process
These activities is carried out by students to achieve educational objectives. They
are carried out individually, this takes place in a cultural and social context, in which
students combine their new knowledge with their previous cognitive
structures (IGI Global, 2012).
Monotonous
The sameness of pitch and strength is uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone
(Merriam-Webster, 2000). Uniformity or a lack of variation, as in profession or
scenery, may be distracting. The sound of a single note that does not change; monotone.
Similarity of tone or pitch, as in voice (Walsh, 2008).
Pandemic
A pandemic epidemic is a disease outbreak that occurs over a vast geographic
region (such as several countries or continents) and usually affects a large proportion of
the population (Merriam-Webster, 1666). A virus infection causes the child's condition
to worsen, ultimately resulting in death (De Jong, 1997).
Performance
The power of a system to perform and the manner in which it performs
(Merriam-Webster, 2020). It emphasizes the behavioral, episodic, and aggregate
existence of the build, according to (HJ Kell, 2012).
Synchronous
Existing at the same time or happening at the same time. (Oxford University
Press, 2007). As a platform for English learning, Computer-Mediated Communication
(SCMC)
(Lai, 2019).
University
An academic institution with teaching and research facilities and the authority to
award academic degrees. an academic institution with teaching and research facilities
and the authority to award academic degrees (Merriam-Webster, 2020). It is more
important than individual context variables in shaping students' perceptions (Keller,
2002).
CHAPTER II
This chapter presents the related literature and related studies regarding the work
performance of senior high school teachers at San Beda University to online learning. This study
shows different impacts and performances of senior high school teachers on online learning.
Moreover, due to the sudden change from face-to-face classroom setup to online learning makes
a big impact on both teachers and students. Various researchers have conducted the same studies
regarding the work performance of teachers in online learning, but in this research, the
researchers will focus on and discuss three major work performances that are time management,
adaptability, and productivity. Furthermore, the literature and studies included in this chapter
consist of foreign journals and studies.
Demographics
Gathering of respondent’s demographics are important in order to further understand the
person based on his/her background characteristics. As Hammer (2011) stated, inclusion of
information such as age, gender, and location could be pertinent to specific studies. Without the
inclusion of certain information, the interpretation of the results would be different since the
phenomena of the interest were considered as the same regardless of their demographics.
As stated by Salkind (2010), a demographic profile provides necessary information

regarding the research participants which commonly includes age, gender, location, and socio-
economic status. With this, the researchers examined a quantifiable statistic that could generalize
the data from each sample representative.
Age
In a study conducted by Clark et al. (2015), there is a correlation between age and
cognitive abilities. While some studies found age to be a significant predictor of learning
capacity, it is proved that when a person gets older, its ability to learn declines because of
changes in the brain. This serves as a relevant variable to determine the learning process of the
respondents with varying ages. Older adults exhibited a lower performance with regards to the
ability to acquire knowledge quickly compared to younger adults as mentioned in the study of
(Clark et al., 2015). On the other hand, children with an age range of 3–17-year-old were labeled
as fast learners. Implicit learning abilities and acquiring new knowledge efficiently are
developed across the span of 3-17 years old (Janacsek, 2012). This suggests that the approach in
the learning process of individuals may differ.
Gender
As mentioned by Schodt (2005) in his study, the relationship between organizational
identification and Organizational culture: Employee perceptions of culture in a retail sales
organization and cited by Islam (2011) there was a correlation between the level of learning and
gender of an individual. It was proved that females were inclined to quickly understand the
lessons in comparison to men.
It is important to consider attitudes towards learning in future research because, as

(Bakar, Tarmizi, Mahyuddin, Elias, Luan, & Ayub, 2010) reported, attitudes towards learning
play a crucial role in affecting the academic achievement of students.
Location
Geographic location has a significant relationship on the learning process of a student
during online learning. Based on a study of (Luo et al., 2014) students residing in rural areas
were most likely to have a poor signal strength. With this, the accessibility in using online tools
were limited and has a tendency to be disrupted through time. This phenomenon greatly affects
the academic learning process of students since the lessons and lectures may appear to be hard to
understand because of turbulent internet.
Factors that contribute to the learning process

Psychological factors, sociocultural (environmental) factors, school-related factors, and
the teaching learning process are the four main factors influencing learning, according to Tripathi
(2020). The first factor is a psychological factor that relates to the students' individual
characteristics such as intelligence, motivation, and interest as they relate to their learning
process. Second, sociocultural (environmental) factors are contextual factors that influence and
link to a student's learning process, such as location, lighting, and external noise within its
surroundings. Third, school-related factors such as student involvement in school activities,
preparation, and the ease with which students can access school resources can influence and be
related to the students' learning process. Finally, there is the teaching-learning process, which
involves the students' method of learning and whether they have a good learning style and can
easily cope with their requirements, as well as the teachers' method of conducting their lesson for
the students to grasp a better understanding. This aspect can also be linked to a student's learning
process.
According to Cletus & Edinyang, (2011). The cornerstone from which every child's
learning experiences take off is the home. The house, according to sociologists, is the bedrock of
the socialization process, which entails learning. The type of home setting in which a child is
born determines the extent to which life can be adjusted. Furthermore, the environment that the
child is moving at affects its learning capabilities as per the distractions, noise level, lighting, and
etc. In addition, the students of the said university experience this factor towards their online
learning and learning process.
According to Beharu (2018), psychological factors pertains to the Working on a daily

basis in a variety of situations. Stress, anxiety, depression, lack of motivation, loneliness,
helplessness, and phobias are all psychological factors that contribute to these issues. Students in
higher education institutions can experience test anxiety, poor results, low self-confidence,
unrealistic worry and fear, or uneasiness as a result of these psychological issues, interfering with
their ability to work normally.
According to Besser et al. (2020), With the current situation that we’re in The
Psychological Factors can be present with the student’s sudden shift through Online Learning.
The Five-Factor traits were examined in terms of their links with perceived adaptability to the
pandemic situation and affective, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to the new learning format.
Given the broad personality traits can be regarded as a major influences while the adaptability to
the pandemic is a very proximal influence. In Addition, Students must also try to maintain their
concentration in Online learning despite it being difficult to do so yet it is not easy to maintain a
focus on achievement goals when life issues have become important. Challenges can be seen in
many forms, They must engage in online distance learning. The daily routines of student life
have now been entirely altered.
Teaching learning factors according to a study conducted by Pavione et. al., (2016) that
influences students such as the materials used by the teachers, the platform where the class is
being conducted, content structure, and etc.
As Stated by Irawan et al. (2020), the situation will get worse if they are prohibited from
leaving the house without outdoor activities and lack of interaction with their peers will be at
high risk if they stay in their house without any interaction from the outside because of the
sudden changes due to the pandemic situation. Bored, stressed, afraid of being exposed to
viruses, the spread of false information (hoaxes) can be a possible effects while they’re facing
these kind of challenge. In Addition, Since the student is not in a Physical environment for an
Education, examples like Holidays, or study at home will be normal resulting to Students who
are physically less active and have a longer time to use mobile phones, and so their use will also
feel unmotivated, That can cause with severe, mild stress.
Student performance is profoundly influenced by the relationships between the teacher's

teaching method or model and the classroom environment. Since the learning process is
influenced by two factors. The right teaching and learning model would foster a positive learning
environment and, as a result, increase student achievement indirectly (Munawaroh, 2017).
According to Grichland (2017), the teacher effectiveness refers to a teacher's belief in

their ability to assist students in learning. According to research, a teacher's self-efficacy has an
effect on his or her students' learning process. Teachers must trust in themselves and their
abilities as role models and educators, as this has a significant impact on their students' self-
perception and success. Teachers must also be prepared and able to helps student to learn
effectively.
It is important for university students to get enough sleep in order to grasp, analyse, and
learn massive quantities of information during their learning process. Their focus in learning is
harmed by low sleep quality, which leads to inattentiveness or even no longer
attending in classes. An increase in overall sleep quality has the potential to help students learn
more effectively (Suen et al, 2011)
As stated by Leban (2015), the teaching style significantly influences the perception and
educational growth of students. Students have a complex and wide spectrum of learning styles.
With this, every students has a certain need that an educator must satisfy. The learning process of
students are interdependent to the competency of teachers in delivering knowledge and provide
additional understanding.
Teachers and students report a perceived linear learning process in which changes in
personal and social skills promote a positive attitude toward schoolwork, which leads to greater
academic achievement. Research from other fields of education backs up these points,
demonstrating how programs in schools to enhance students' learning process that leads to better
academic success. Moreover, the learning process is obviously complex at the individual course
participant stage, involving feedforward, feedback, and intertwining of learning in the affective
and cognitive realms in response to multiple inputs. (Scrutton, 2019).
Online learning is needed to the current situation experiencing by the students of today.
Thus, having this kind of platform, there would be adjustments and influences that might be
given. Moreover, students could face challenges and difficulties when it comes to this platform.
There would be positive and negative factors that can influence learning process of the students
due to online learning. Communication, and proper guidance is a must when it comes to learning.
It gives students a sense of realization and comprehension when it comes to understanding a
specific or certain lesson. However, online learning could be continuous, family stress could be
present at certain moments—thus, giving a negative influence to one self (Mushtaq & Khan,
2012).
According to Dogbey et al. (2018), the findings presented that it is helpful for the
development of most of the students in their online learning experiences as well as in their self-
concept in academic to have the access to tools, interactive educational accomplishments, time
suitability, interfaces between student and instructor, interfaces between student and
student, enhanced academic behavior, and parental encouragement.
Online learning is certainly influential due to its spread of information and

communication technologies that could be found from the internet. Its continuous growth
benefits people to learn more knowledge—and it gives students benefits and support as well. As
mentioned by Waschull (2001) and cited by Ejubović and Puška (2019), when compared the old-
style classes like face-to-face, the advantage of having online classes gives the student flexible
time and location management. Self-regulation is one of the most important factors that can
contribute relating of online-based learning (You & Kang, 2014).
Researchers assert that the environment in online learning permits to support learning,
cooperative learning, and view amongst students and teachers. Besides that, online assessment
will help students learn more effectively, collaborate more effectively, and feel more connected
to their environment (Cakiroglu et al., 2017). Furthermore, even if students' face-to-face
participation in courses is reduced, researchers found that online assessment methods have a
positive impact on academic achievement. Also several research studies have proposed giving
students roles in the appraisal process by concentrating on their increasing motivation. (Lai &
Hwang, 2015).
There are still comparisons when we are basing it to virtual-based studies and physical
classes. In an accustomed traditional classes, values and perceptions about one's abilities have
been studied thoroughly, but research on self-efficacy in virtual-based mode of learning are odd
and unusual (Ejubović & Puška, 2019).
According to Yeboah (2016), when compared to traditional physical classes, online

learning has risen to prominence as one of the best alternative forms of education. Thus, students
can keep track of their understandings, thoughts, and experiences related to the topics they're
learning in an online environment. Furthermore, factors such as technology comfort, self-
efficacy, motivating aims, and interpersonal behaviors, etc., could affect a student’s academic
performance when relating to online learning.
As stated by Pettyjohn & LaFrance (2011), virtual base learning is known for providing a
flexible and appealing educational environment that is constantly modified and led by teachers or
instructors who give an individualized help to the students. Furthermore, according to Nourse
(2017), having the ability to provide adjusted instruction to accommodate students' educational
styles and other special needs, as well as the flexibility to provide classes without the limitations
of meeting in a face-to-face classes or on a particular time and date, are among the advantages of
virtual education for schools and students.
There are still comparisons when it comes to online-based learning and face-to-face
classes. In traditional education, values and perceptions about one's abilities have been
extensively studied, but research on self-efficacy in web-based learning environments are
unusual. (Ejubović & Puška 2019).
The modern advancement in technologies brought a new era of education which adapted
the use of online materials for teaching and learning purposes. According to a recent study
conducted by Chatterjee et al. (2020) as cited by Chakraborty et al. (2020), for the last few
decades, various technological advancements brought changes that attest to be functional and
convenient in the educational domain.
Community prevention strategies during an evolving influence pandemic such as home

quarantine and social distancing can minimize the possibility of transmitting disease from one
person to another (Uscher-Pines et al., 2018). With this, public locations such as schools were
advised to close temporarily as an intervention to the widespread virus. Moreover, the concept of
online learning setup was therefore created as an alternative to continue educational classes. To
achieve an effective student-centered education, the idea of synchronous and asynchronous
learning were introduced (Kaklamanou et al., 2012). Similar to traditional face-to-face education,
students were able to have an academic class during synchronous sessions wherein they could
interact with the teacher and students to achieve collaborative learning even in distance.
Meanwhile, during asynchronous sessions, students are tasked to read and accomplish
assignments by themselves.
On the other hand, the innovative idea of online learning also has a downside. As claimed
by Brazendale et al. (2018), the prolonged home confinement caused by school closures and
community quarantine affected the mental health of students negatively. The long duration of
isolation caused the students to feel anxious and depressed which greatly affects their
performance during online classes. According to study, the psychological impact of quarantine is
substantial and can be long lasting (Brooks et al., 2020). Factors such as personal problems and
mental health concerns influence the capability of a student to learn effectively in an online
setup. The pandemic lockdown greatly affected the mental health of the citizens. (Cao et al.,
2020). Since people are restricted to go outside and do recreational activities, people suffering
from mental problems were not able to do their coping mechanisms. In some instances, students
even feel anxious in participating and answering the queries of teachers while in class (Saade et
al., 2017).
Having inadequate knowledge in facilitating online tools and materials may also affect
the learning process of students negatively. Prior studies showed an overview that students with
unsatisfactory grades were likely to lack knowledge in using online instruments (Kebritchi et al.,
2019). In line with the data, students therefore must have an innate expertise in using online and
digital materials since it is the primary tool used in online education. The online tools serve as a
platform and medium that connects teachers and students to have an effective learning.
Difference of Male Vs. Female in Online Learning and Learning Process
According to Zokaee et al. (2012) investigated the effects of perceptual learning style and
gender on Iranian undergraduate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' vocabulary
learning strategies. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders'
vocabulary technique preferences or learning styles, according to the report. Furthermore,
according to Anderson et al., (2011), there was no difference in overall satisfaction with
cooperative interactions and the degree of responsibility given to males and females.
According to a study conducted by Wehrwein et. al., (2010), there is a substantial gap in learning
style preferences between males and females. As a result, it is the instructor's and the student's
duty to be mindful of each other's learning styles in order to enhance learning.
It is also important to examine the academic self-concept of students because, as reported

by (Choi, 2005; Cokley & Patel, 2007), academic self-concept is significantly and positively
related to the academic achievement of students. In addition, the findings from this study
however support the fact that gender gap between male and female students is narrowing down.
This can be as a result of emphasis and consciousness by parents and teachers that male and
female students should benefit equally from teaching.
Relationship of Online Learning to Learning Process

According to research conducted by Baig (2011), he found out that there is a high score
in online learning compared to traditional face to face education setup. In online learning,
students can have collaboration and share resources online unlike Face to Face that learning is
restricted in the four corners of the classroom. More so, online learning provides students the
freedom of information as it is available online, and promotes functions such as user friendly,
user access, and communication in digital space. In relation with the study, online learning
integrates technology as a new mode of learning. This means it facilitates various Learning
Management Systems that both students and teachers utilize for academic outcomes.
Online Learning delivers almost or purely online educational content with no face-to-face
interaction. Some Colleges and universities incorporate online classes as an alternate solution,
highly available offering, Feasible and modified to enhance education and occupational
performance for students (Allen & Seaman, 2010). In association with the study, online learning
is widely used not just because of its features offered but the demand of people in continuing
education even in virtual space.
In online learning, learners can enjoy engaging conversations through online learning.
Online learning is extremely flexible in terms of scale, functionality and resources delivered, not
only offering an interactive website, but also including audio, video streaming, interactivity,
games and technology such as video conferencing and live streaming. Promote more adaptable
and thorough contact (Baig, 2011). In connection with the study, students can have conversations
with the teachers with the help of online communicating applications such as email, message in
social media platforms and chat features in the learning management system. Online learning is
not restricted to websites but also corporate audio, videos, and other interactive features for
learning virtually.
As mentioned by Siddiqui (2004) in his book, Encyclopedia of Educational Technology,

and cited by Baig (2011), online learning allows synchronous, cooperative domains Interaction
between teachers and students or meeting discussions with a lecturer, as well as providing
students with Asynchronous Learning which can access any time within time frame. Online
learning provides a learning framework composed of several modules with all the benefits of
computer-based learning. In correlation with the study, the majority of educational institutions in
the urban areas in Philippines utilize the synchronous and asynchronous approach in online class,
which means synchronous is meeting with the lecturer during discussions and asynchronous
given tasks to students in a span of time.
Recently, online learning has been widened to assist educational processes in different
fields and at different educational levels or competences. The main focus is to boost learning
process or learning objectives (Yokoyama, 2019). In association with the study, the Covid-19
pandemic greatly affects the education approach of teachers which is traditionally done in Face
to Face set up. With the assistance of online learning, students can still gain knowledge even in
virtual space and in their home set up.
As argued by Richardson et al. (2012), Face to Face Learning influences factors such as
the outcome expectation, academic goal, and effort endeavor showed strong influence rather than
personal efficiency and learning process while in online learning, the task is available virtually
that can encourage students to do work who have task performances. In relation with the study,
physical learning also has factors to consider in terms of learning process. Some of the students
even though they have high grades do not comprehend the topic discussed that the learning
process of a student may affect the learning process. . Same goes with online learning where task
virtually done students advise to do tasks given to them.
The past years have represented a gradual increase in online education. Online learning
has become one of the best options of teaching methods opposed to current face-to-face classes
(Allen & Seaman, 2010). In connection with the study, in consideration of the current situation
where physical interaction is highly restricted to avoid transmission of diseases, Online Learning
is the best alternative way of providing education, given that students have a lot of education
tools online that can help them in doing a certain task.
Online learning has transitioned to the mass media. Since most universities and colleges
utilize it up until today. This is mainly due to the growing of the student course, the rising cost of
schooling that led to creative ideas, and developing labor forces looking for the opportunity for
continuous learning and a strategic focus for educational staff to develop potential of online
learning (Allen & Seaman, 2010). In association with the study, technological innovation is a
fundamental aspect in online learning. The demand of educational entities provokes the rise of
online classes not just for education purposes but can also be applied with other reasons.
As argued by Willcox (2011), most of the studies refers to the perception of performance.
It is also taken into consideration some factors such as scholarship criteria, promotion to college
level, and job creation but the major element is the student's scholastic record which is measured
by school grades. In connection with the study, there's a lot of factors in determining the learning
process of students but the main focus to establish academic performance is solely to the final
grades of students in the school year.
Learning process is a major concern to learners, parents educators and government
officials, not just in our nation. Several researchers concur that learning process is the product of
learning experience. Learning process varies based on the situation of the organic product. And
the climatic conditions that evaluate the skill sets and the understanding (Lamas, 2015). In
connection with the study, learning process of students differ from the situation they currently
live in and also how students are able to cope up in this new mode of pedagogy.
The poor educational performance level can have an impact on the economy of the nation
which means that the learning process of students differ from one country to another because of
the economic situation of the country (Alimi et al, 2012). In relation with the study, first
countries such as America and Japan were highly industrialised countries and technology and
innovation were their top most priority. Thus, education in these countries are very effective
because of its educational technology standards.
Researches have argue that online learning is strongly scholar-centered, where it must be
assumed. More responsibility and independence, especially in asynchronous task, in which task
learning environments can do anytime. For the Instance, the more self-reliant academic skills
have, the more probable they are being effective online learning platforms (Shea & Bidjerano,
2010). In correlation with the study, students' learning process is based on the experience of
students in learning processes, in which it emphasizes the users which are the students that they
can do tasks synchronously or asynchronously.
As argued by Yeboah and Smith (2016), they concluded that there was a correlation
within the utilization of technology, the amount of workload in online classes, the curriculum of
studies and the learning process of learners in online learning. Moreover, gratification with the
new mode of learning does not correlate with the learning process. In connection with the study,
students' technological skills in utilizing gadgets in online learning can affect their learning
process. More so, the amount of workload in online classes can greatly suffer the learning
process of students in which they tend to submit work just because it is required but not in the
learning effort.
Effectiveness in the online distance learning demands learners to participate for all
activities, have an organizational skills, comprehension of technological skills, building time
management and setting a timelines for meeting minimum criteria for pursuing a course online
(Yeboah & Smith, 2016). In relation with the study, in order to make online learning effective it
all starts with learner who must be able to adopt in Technological Change and able to navigate
the learning management system for learning purposes. Also, students must be able to have a
timeline of activities to avoid cramming and over workload of tasks given to them.
Teachers who instruct courses online should not have a one- way communication method
and should not conclude that online education for students will have the ease to manage through
the Learning Management System. More so, teachers who facilitate virtually must be aware of
the workload that is convenience for students in achieving learning process (Yeboah & Smith,
2016). In connection with the study, teachers must be able to know the strengths and weaknesses
of students so that learning and teaching for both entities is effectively done. As the online
classes only have a limited time frame, teachers must also evaluate the capability of students to
submit on time without jeopardizing the learning goal of both entities
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework of Online learning and Learning Process
Through this framework, the researchers assumed that starting from online learning had
—which renders the possible factors that connects online learning and the learning process of the
students. Having that online learning does not directly connected to learning process, there are
the demographics and the factors that connect those two variables. Demographics and factors fall
or considered as the learning process through online learning. The learning process of students
depends on how they manage the demographics and the factors of the online learning. This could
give students the advantage on adapting towards the new normal process of learning.
Theoretical Framework
The Social Constructivism Theory of Engagement by Al-Rahmi et al (2020), Yusoph et
al (2017), and as cited by Al-Rahmi & Shamsuddin (2020), states that this theory incorporates a
collaborative learning engagement by which students can develop self-skills acquired by a
person through knowledge or experience by unknowingly learning from a lecturer and
exchanging ideas with classmates rather than by directly participating in their own educational
process. In relation with the study, this theory connotes that students tend to learn more to their
classmates and other knowledge of a person that can obtain through the educational experience
of others as well to the teachers rather than doing a self-study to comprehend a certain topic.
In addition, Social Cognitive learning theory according to Bauri (2021), humans obtain
knowledge through observation and imitation of another human being’s behavior in different
environments. With this, there are different components of the social cognitive theory which are
self-observation, self-evaluation, self-reaction, and self-efficacy. In reaction to online learning,
social cognitive theory can be applied. Such as observational learning wherein the use of both
audio and visual in learning is created to produce a virtual classroom setup that allows the
students to have real-time collaboration. On the other hand, motivation and reward are helping
students to learn better when they are motivated. While in retention and context social learning
helps students in retaining their knowledge regarding a certain topic because as being discussed
by the teacher they can relate it into their personal experiences.
In the Theories of Education and the Online Environment of Angelo State University
(2021), there are three theories about Online Learning: the Behaviorism, the Social Cognitive
Theory, and Constructivism. Behaviorism focuses on the noticeable behaviors, hence, deducting
independent activities of the mind. The theory of Behaviorism is used when the learning
experience of the students is based on their response to achieve an educational goal and ways on
correcting behavior that is not directed to the goal.
In Social Cognitive Theory, knowledge and information are collected in a schema. New
informations gained are compared with existing informations. This theory is applicable to online
learning because the responsibility of learning lies with the student.
Learning focuses on understanding the world and producing meaning based on the
Theory of Constructivism. Online learning is active which means there is doing tasks, checking
it, and rethinking about the task given. Understanding and reflecting of students enables them to
gain new knowledge and find better solutions.
The result of the study done by Mothibi (2015) shows that online learning has a
significant positive moderate relationship in dealing with the learning process. Clearly, online
learning promotes an alternative pedagogical approach, with sufficient knowledge, students can
adapt and greatly influence and enhance the learning process of the students.
According to the study of Cherry (2020), that learning can be interpreted in a variety of
ways, most psychologists agree that it is a reasonably permanent shift in behavior that occurs as
a result of experience. During the first half of the twentieth century, behaviorism became the
dominant school of thought in psychology, attempting to understand the learning process.
According to Miller (n.d.), learning is described as the process of having one's actions
changed, more or less permanently, as a result of what one does and the effects of that action, or
what one observes. It's the mechanism by which an operation begins or changes as a result of a
situation. Furthermore, learning is an innate ability of a person while learn process pertains to the
progress of learning and acquiring knowledge of a student.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the discussion of the research design, respondents of the study,
research locale, instrumentation, data gathering procedure, sampling technique, sample size,
statistical treatment, ethical considerations and Gantt chart that will be utilized in the study.
Research Design (Morato)
The researchers used a descriptive correlational study design to accurately explain

relationships between variables without trying to prove a causal connection. As explained by
Lappe (2000), descriptive correlational design is useful in expressing the relationship of a
phenomenon where the researcher has no control over the independent variables. It is suitable for
the study since it explains the connection of the variables that occurs naturally, which the
researchers study. Some advantages of descriptive correlational design are being straight to the
point and easy to be accomplished (Lappe, 2000).
As stated by Kabir (2016), descriptive correlational study attempts to explore

relationships between variables and make predictions. One of the research questions in the study
includes figuring out the relationship of online learning and demographics. With this, descriptive
correlational design is most appropriate for the study since it can answer the connection between
two entities. One of the methods in descriptive correlational is survey, which can be used to
collect meaningful insights from the respondents and have in-depth understanding regarding the
topic.
Respondents of the Study

The general respondents of the study are the Grade 12 Senior High School ABM students
from San Beda University - Manila. The researchers needed students that are currently taking
online classes. The target respondents are 24 students in each ABM section. These respondents
are capable of providing the most useful information for the analysis.
Research Locale
The research report, titled "A Correlational Study On Online Learning To The Learning
Process Of Grade 12 ABM Students In San Beda University Manila," will take place at the
researchers' homes. Although the data will be collected through an MS form connection,
respondents will be able to access the survey questionnaire from the comfort of their own homes.
At the first part of the questionnaire, respondents' location will be questioned.
Instrumentation
To get the appropriate information and data needed, the researchers selected standardized
questionnaires as their tool for this study. Respondents will be asked to fill out standardized
questionnaires with detailed information about the study, which will provide feedback and
generate new research ideas. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the hypothesis, the questions are
generated with particular goals in mind. The questions are based on the researcher's reading,
related literature and studies, and other sources relevant to the analysis.
Demographics
It is undeniable that students play a critical role in their academic success. According to
Maric and Sakac (2014), students' factors that influence their academic performance can be
divided into internal and social factors . According to the researchers, internal factors that affect
students' academic performance include interest in a subject's content, internal satisfaction, and
aspiration. Material reward and social status were also significant social influences. Researchers
discovered that a student's enthusiasm for a subject influences their academic success.
Furthermore, as what is said, this will be focused on the questionnaire that would be
conducted and given to the respondents. As per given to the respondents, the result will render to
be addressed or to be alarmed in regarding the factors that influence the academic performances
of the students.
Psychological Factors Influencing Learning Questionnaire
● Motivation
According to Pintrich and DeGroot (1990), whose analysis focuses on motivational and
self-regulated learning components of classroom academic success, the researchers will x adapt
the E-survey. This will be used for the Factors that influence student learning, especially
motivation, where the researchers will choose questions that are well-suited to the analysis.
These will help the researchers figure out whether a student is motivated in online learning and if
it affects the learning process of the student.
● Interest
In this segment, selected questions were adapted from Pintrich and DeGroot (1990),
whose study focuses on motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom
academic performance. This will help the researchers in assessing the student's interest that could
influence his or her learning process when online learning.
● Intellectual
Another psychological factor influences the learning process of students, especially in
terms of intellectual growth. Kubischta (2014), whose research focuses on Engagement and
Motivation: Questioning students on study- motivation, engagement and study strategies. The
researchers will be able to determine the efficacy of online learning in their learning process as a
result of this.
The adapted questionnaires for factors that influence students' learning processes were
adapted and changed to better suit the subject and make it easy to understand for the participants.
Furthermore, the modified questionnaire is in the form of a five-point likert scale, but the
researchers have avoided neutral responses. It was broken down into four categories by the
researchers: strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree.
Socio-Cultural (Environmental Factor) Questionnaire
Since sociocultural variables have an effect on students' learning processes, a
questionnaire was developed to evaluate the impact of the environment on students during online
classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.” According to Vargas et al. (2020), their
study focused on “The Impact of Environmental Factors on Academic Performance of University
Students.” To prevent neutral responses, the modified questionnaire was reduced to a 4-point
Likert scale from a generic 5-point Likert scale. Furthermore, frequencies such as strongly
disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree are used to level the four-point Likert scale.
School Related Factors in learning process Questionnaire

Students' learning processes in online classes can be influenced by school-related factors.
The researchers took some of the questions from Lemerle in 2004. Assessing the Effect of the
School Climate on Teachers' Wellbeing and Job Commitment: Is the Health Promoting School a
Healthier Workplace?. The adapted questionnaire is a standardized 5-point Likert scale and was
reduced to a 4 point Likert scale to avoid neutral answers. Furthermore, 4 point Likert scale is
leveled by frequencies such as strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree.
Teaching Learning Process Related Factor Methods of Learning Questionnaire

The survey questionnaire for the teaching learning process, specifically the learning
methods, was adapted from O'brien's work (1985). The title of the questionnaire was “The
modality (Learning channel preference) questionnaire. The researchers only selected 10
questions from the questionnaire that is highly similar and fitting to the topic. Furthermore, the
said questionnaire is a three-point scale that the researchers changed to a four-point scale so that
the survey questionnaire produced by the researcher is uniformed.
The instrument will be answered by the selected grade 12 ABM students of San Beda
University Manila. The researchers will then analyze the result of the questionnaire with the
frequency and mean of each question in order to determine the factors that affect the learning
process of the students.
Online Learning Questionnaire
The Online Learning/Distance Questionnaire was originally developed by the Concordia
University of Montreal, Canada in 2003. The said questionnaire aims to evaluate online learning
for the students in the academic institution. Furthermore, The University's questionnaire has two
sections namely: (1) Information About You. This section consists of 7 questions that mainly
focuses on the demographic or the background of the students. The last section is (2) Statement
About Distance Education. This section is a standardized 4 - point Likert Scale questionnaire that
consists of 26 questions regarding online learning. The Likert Scale measures consensus, with 1
suggesting strong disagreement and 4 indicating strong agreement. Moreover, the standardized
questionnaire aims to gather the feedback of students in regards to online learning. In
interpreting the questionnaire, it is solely based on the mean rating in each category.
As the primary instrument of the study, the researchers will be adapted to the Online
Learning/Distance Education Questionnaire of Concordia University. It is used to measure the
relationship of online learning to the learning process of SHS Grade 12 ABM students of San
Beda University - Manila. More so, the researchers will only select appropriate questions that
will fit in the study. The said questionnaire will be answered by the Grade 12 ABM students
based on the sampling technique to be used by researchers. In interpreting the results, the
researchers will score the questions based on level of agreement and analyze the mean of each
question to determine the categorical ranking of online learning to the learning process of
students.
Learning Process Questionnaire
The Learning Process Questionnaire was originally developed by John B. Biggs in 1987.
This manual explains how the Learning Theory works. In Australia, the Learning Process
Questionnaire (LPQ) is a tool for describing a subscale and scale rating process. The Learning
Process Questionnaire (LPQ) is a 36-item self-report questionnaire that assesses three key
learning motives, three key learning strategies, and the learning methods that these motives and
strategies generate. Furthermore, the LPQ has three learning approaches: (1) Define the absolute
minimum of specifications that must be met. (2) Deep Interest on what's being learned; and (3)
Achieving to enhance self esteem to obtain the highest grade. This section is a standardized 4 -
point Likert Scale questionnaire that consists of 10 questions that took place from The Learning
Process Questionnaire. The four factors are: The Likert Scale is based on the degree of
agreement, with 1 being the least and 4 being the most. Furthermore , the standardized
questionnaire aims to gather the feedback of students in regards to the Learning Process.
As the primary Instrument of this study, The researchers will be adapting The Learning
Process Questionnaire by John B. Biggs. It will be used to measure The learning process of SHS
Grade 12 ABM students of San Beda University - Manila. Furthermore, the researchers will only
select the appropriate amount of questions that will fit in the study. The said questionnaire will
be answered by the Grade 12 ABM students based on the sampling technique to be used by
researchers.
Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers have set steps on gathering data. First, the researchers provide a set of
questionnaires that would best fit the data they want to gather from the respondents. The
researchers use three questionnaires, specifically the Demographics Questionnaire, Factors
Questionnaire, Online Learning Questionnaire, and the Students’ Learning Process
Questionnaire to collect enough data for the study.
Secondly, the researchers select a sampling technique to identify the quantity of

respondents that they needed. The Stratified random sampling technique will be utilized by the
researchers because it is the most appropriate to use for the study. Furthermore, the Grade 12
ABM Students of San Beda University - Manila will be the target population of this study. The
researchers used an online randomizer picker to select the respondents. The researchers will
make a channel with all the randomly selected respondents on Microsoft Teams. After preparing
the instruments and selecting the respondents, they will then distribute the standardized
questionnaires to be answered by the respondents of the study. Lastly, when the data is collected,
researchers then arrange and interpret them to find out the results.
Sampling Technique
The researchers will use a stratified random sampling technique to choose their
respondents to gather data. A technique for splitting a population into subpopulations is stratified
random sampling. More so, the population is subdivided into four (4) strata, in which in this
study are called class sections. The researchers will select the same number of respondents in
each section to have an equal distribution of participants in the said strata. In using the said
sampling technique, the researchers will use a randomizer generator application to choose their
respondents of the study.
To compute the number of respondents in each section
n= 94/ 4
n =23.5
n =24
Furthermore, to compute the required respondents in each section, the sample size is
divided into 4, which has a 23.50 answer and is rounded up to 24. The researchers will need 24
respondents in each section based on this estimate. As a result, the researchers will have a total
of 96 respondents. In addition, the 96 respondents will contribute to the research's performance.
Sampling Size
In this study, the accessible population of the researchers is the Senior High School
Department of Accountancy, Business and Management Strand of Integrated Basic Education
Unit in San Beda University-Manila, specifically the Grade 12 ABM students. The criteria for
the respondents are the following: (1) must be bonafide San Beda University - Manila Student,
(2) must be in the Accountancy, Business, and Management Strand, and (3) a Grade 12 student.
Moreover, other Grade Level, Strands, and Campus not mentioned are excluded in the study.
Furthermore, based on the list of the Grade 12 ABM students, the number of students in each
section are the following: in Grade 12 ABM 1 with 32 students but the 6 researchers are
excluded. Thus, the total students participants for Grade 12 ABM 1 is 26. Moreover, for the
participants in other sections such as for Grade 12 ABM 2 with 32 students, Grade 12 ABM 3
with 33 students, and Grade 12 ABM 4 with 31 students. With this list, the total population of
the Senior High School Grade 12 ABM Students is 122 in which will contribute to the objective
of the study. Furthermore, the chosen population of the researchers are the entire currently
enrolled students regardless of race, sex, religion, and other affiliation of Grade 12 ABM Strand.
The researchers will utilize Slovin's Formula in determining the sample size needed in the study.
Slovin's Formula
n = N / 1 + Ne²
n = 122/ 1 + 122 (0.05)²
n = 122/ 1 + 122 (0.0025)
n = 122/ 1 + 0.305
n = 122/ 1.305
n = 93.49
n = 94
The total number of the population is (N) 122 Grade 12 ABM students. Moreover, using
Slovin's Formula to determine the appropriate sample size with the margin of error of (e) 5% and
level of confidence at 95%. The sample size is (n) 93.49 respondents round off to 94, since
human beings are the respondents of the study, it is needed to have a definite whole number of
respondents. Therefore, 94 respondents are needed to answer the given questionnaire by the
researchers to answer the objective of the study. In the selection process, the collected data will
be treated with utmost confidentiality and will not disclose to third party in accordance with
Data Privacy Law. This law will protect the information given by the participants and remain
anonymous when treated.
Statistical Treatment
This section delves into the statistical methods used by the researchers to interpret the
data they gathered. Below, we'll go through the definitions and applications of each statistical
treatment, as well as how they're used. For successful data interpretation, the analysis will use the
following statistical treatments: Frequency Distribution Table, Percentage, Mean, Media, and
Mode.
Descriptive Statistics
A statistical description that explains the basic features of the data in the analysis is
known as descriptive statistics. It is a form of statistics that only accounts for the data measured
and does not go beyond, ensuring that data is interpreted accurately and precisely (Mordkoff,
2016). The researchers would use descriptive statistics to quantitatively analyze and summarize
the data collected as a fundamental part of data analysis. The researchers will compute the
Frequency Distribution Table, Percentage, Mean, Median, and Mode.
Frequency Distribution Table

According to Manikandan (2011), the various measurement groups and the number of
observations in each category are shown in a frequency distribution table. Frequency tables are
useful in interpreting categorical data and for monitoring errors in the data entry. The researchers
will find the interval, frequency, and the other parts of the frequency table. Furthermore, the
frequency distribution table will be used to summarize the collection of data by stating how
many times each value appears in the set.
Percentage
The percentage is a statistic that represents the proportionality of a collection of data
when presented as a whole. It's used to calculate how much of a category's share of the total is
out of a hundred percent. It's determined by dividing the total number of observations by the
number of times a particular variable's data has been observed, then multiplying by 100. The
percentage allows for comparisons based on each proportion of the results. It is a required
statistic for representing and defining data as part of a larger picture. In order to decide the
proportion of each data in a question, the percentage will be used.
Moreover, this will be used to determine the frequency and allocation of each question
that could affect the learning process of the students. Furthermore, the researchers will be using
this to point out the highest and lowest percentage that has a significant value in interpreting
each of the data. Consequently, the percentage will be used in the Factors that affects the
learning process of the students and the significant effect of online learning and learning
processes.
Mean
The mean is the sum of a collection of data separated by the number of data points. When
comparing various sets of data, the mean may be a useful tool; however, the approach can be
hindered by the impact of extreme values. In addition, the mean is a useful metric since it takes
into account the results of all of the subjects in the sample.
Furthermore, the mean is a significant measure due to combining the score from every
subject in the research study—which relates regarding the chosen study of the researchers. The
steps for calculating it are as follows: count the total number of cases (known as n in statistics),
add all the ratings, and divide by the total number of cases.
Median
The median is often used by researchers to describe the data and information from their
studies. As stated by Lavrakas (2018). the median is a reliable indicator of the data’s primary
"location" of "central trend." As regarding this study, the data would then be numerically sorted,
with the median existing as the rate in the middle. The mean, on the other hand, will be used to
calculate the average score of each question from the questionnaires in the current study data as a
compilation of each response. Furthermore, median would be useful to this study for it relates to
skewed data or for data with distinct values.
From collecting all the gathered data from the respondent’s response for the researcher’s
questionnaires, the median would be used to estimate the average—or what is also called, mean.
In addition, the mean will be utilized in determining the average score of each question in the
data of the study as an essential summary of each answer. It will be presented through tables and
bar graphs showing the mean ranking of each data. As a result, the mean will be used to account
for demographics and other variables that influence students' learning.
Mode
In a set of data values, the mode is the attribute that appears the most frequently. Mode is
most useful to measure the central tendency in examining categorical data. It is the most
observed value in a data set. In certain cases, the modal value is different from the data's average
value. Since it is the only measure of central tendency that is important for the data set, the mode
is required in the analysis. It will help the researchers to know which data most frequently
appear.
There may be more than one mode in a given collection of data, or none at all. Extreme
values have little effect on mode in data comparisons, but the efficacy of mode in data
comparisons is harmed when there are several modes. With this, the mode will be utilized for the
descriptive research questions such as the demographics and factors that affect the learning
process of the grade 12 ABM students in San Beda University - Manila.
Inferential Analysis
The metric used to deduce from the sample in order to formulate inferences and
judgments about the data is known as inferential statistics. Following the identification and
interpretation of descriptive data, the researchers would use inferential statistics to generate
inferences and analyses based on the data. To answer the study's research questions and draw
conclusions from each result, inferential statistics will be used. It will also be used to address the
study's hypothesis, with other types of inferential statistics such nas Pearson Correlation Analysis
and Linear Regression Analysis being used.
Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Pearson Correlation Coefficient is a statistical analysis used in Quantitative Research
Design, it aims to determine the relationship between two variables. An estimate of the intensity
of a linear relationship between two variables is the Pearson product-moment correlation
coefficient (abbreviated as "r"). Moreover, The variables must be continuous. A correlation
coefficient denotes the degree to which dots in a scatterplot are parallel to a straight line. This
means that we can usually estimate correlations fairly accurately using only scatterplots (Van
Den Berg, n. d.). A scatterplot is a statistical diagram that is used to figure out how two variables
are related. It is displayed through a cartesian plane, the values of data sets are dotted in the
diagram. According to Jaadi (2015), in interpreting the results of Pearson Correlation, the "r"
value indicates the degree of relationship. If the r-value is 0, it means it has no relationship at all.
Furthermore, the list of interpretation as follows:
Table 1 Interpretation Scale for Pearson Correlation
In relation to the study, the researchers will utilize the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to
sufficiently answer one of the research questions indicating the significant relationship between
Online Learning and the Learning Process of the respondents. Also, the significant relationship
between factors affecting Learning Process will be correlated to Learning Process to identify
which factor is contributed more in context of online learning. It's used to see if the two variables
have some kind of relationship. Moreover, using the Statistical Package for the Social Science
(SPSS) software tool in order to conduct the Pearson Correlation Analysis, it will be convenient
for researchers to acquire the results. After the questionnaire has been tallied and scored its
values. The score values of each section of the questionnaire will be inputted in the SPSS tool,
the researchers will do some run tests and assumptions in order to have validated and accurate
data, the data will be analyzed through the Pearson Correlation Analysis feature of SPSS. The
Degree of Relationship will be shown, showing the effects of the test to see whether the two
variables are related or not.
Independent Sample T- Test
The Independent Samples T Test is a statistical tool that compares the means of two
independent populations to see whether there is statistical factual evidence that the means differ
significantly. In addition, the researchers will utilize this statistical tool in order to see if there is
a major gap between male and female students in grade 12 ABM at San Beda University Manila
when it comes to online learning and learning processes.
Levene Test for Equality of Variance
Levene's test ( Levene 1960) is used to see if the variances of k samples are comparable.
Homogeneity of variance refers to the distribution of variances across samples. Some statistical
tests, such as the study of variance, conclude that variances across groups or samples are
identical. The assumption can be checked using the Levene test. In relation to the study, this will
be used to check the variances of the gender male and female if it is identical to online learning
and learning process of the students.
Ethical Consideration
The personal details of respondents will be kept private between the researchers and the
participants under Republic Act 10173 - Data Privacy Act of 2012. There will be no involvement
of third parties in this matter, and the information given will only be used for research purposes.
The consent letter is the first section of the online survey form where the researchers clarify the
confidentiality arrangement and highlight which details the researchers will receive from the
participant. Before continuing with the survey, the participant's consent is required to ensure that
the respondents are willingly participating in the study. Furthermore, when presenting the study's
data to the panelist, the researchers have assured the respondents' anonymity. This safeguards
both the respondents and the researchers. It is a highly ethical practice for researchers to create a
consent form that addresses all of the respondents' questions and details related to the survey.
Gantt Chart
Legends:
Partially Done
Task Completed
Submitted Task
October Novemb Decem January Febuary March April May

er ber
Arrangement of
groups
Identifying
research title
Dissemination of
task
Drafting down
the background
of the study
Identifying the
research
problems
Group discussion
about the parts
Writing the
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Defense
(Chapter 1)
Revising Chapter
1
Group discussion
about Chapter 2
Dissemination of
task (Chapter 2)
Group discussion
about the parts
Data gathering
for the RRL
Outline of the
RRL
Writing Chapter
2
Chapter 2
Group discussion
about Chapter 3
Dissemination of
task (Chapter 3)
Group discussion
about the parts
Drafting the
standardized
questionnaire
Identifying the
sample size
Writing the
Chapter 3
Dissemination of
the
Questionnaire
Form
Data gathering
of the
respondents
Chapter 3
Defense
(Chapter 3)
Outlining the
statistical
interpretation of
the data
Group discussion
about the parts
Making of the
Chapter 4 & 5
Revision of
Chapter 1-3
Chapter 4 & 5
Defense
(Chapter 4 & 5)
Figure 2 Gantt Chart
ttps://www.sps
s-tutorials.com/pearson-correlation-coefficient/
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A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON ONLINE LEARNING TO THE LEARNING

PROCESS OF GRADE 12 ABM STUDENTS IN SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY

A Research Paper Submitted to the Senior High School Department of

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject,

DELA CRUZ, Dieve F.

HORMIGOS, Maria Anndrian Nicole A.

MORATO, Cheridan Robie L.

SARIP, Paisal Jr. P.

TAMONDONG, Roberta Angela S.

ANTHONY ERIC T. CABBAB, LPT, MA (cand)

Background of the Study

1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents according to:

Hypothesis of the Study

Significance of the Study

research. Students can learn if there is a

connection between online learning and their

learning process as a result of this study.

Future Researchers This study would be beneficial to the future

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

As stated by Salkind (2010), a demographic profile provides necessary information

It is important to consider attitudes towards learning in future research because, as

Factors that contribute to the learning process

According to Beharu (2018), psychological factors pertains to the Working on a daily

Student performance is profoundly influenced by the relationships between the teacher's

According to Grichland (2017), the teacher effectiveness refers to a teacher's belief in

Online learning is certainly influential due to its spread of information and

According to Yeboah (2016), when compared to traditional physical classes, online

Community prevention strategies during an evolving influence pandemic such as home

Difference of Male Vs. Female in Online Learning and Learning Process

It is also important to examine the academic self-concept of students because, as reported

Relationship of Online Learning to Learning Process

As mentioned by Siddiqui (2004) in his book, Encyclopedia of Educational Technology,

Research Design (Morato)

The researchers used a descriptive correlational study design to accurately explain

As stated by Kabir (2016), descriptive correlational study attempts to explore

Respondents of the Study

School Related Factors in learning process Questionnaire

Teaching Learning Process Related Factor Methods of Learning Questionnaire

Learning Process Questionnaire

Data Gathering Procedure

Secondly, the researchers select a sampling technique to identify the quantity of

Frequency Distribution Table

Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Table 1 Interpretation Scale for Pearson Correlation

October Novemb Decem January Febuary March April May

Akhtar, I. (2016, September 1). Research Design. ResearchGate.

Baig, M. I. (2011) A Critical Study of Effectiveness of Online Learning on Students'

Relationships between university studentsெ achievement motivation, attitude and

academic performance in Malaysia. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2,4906-

Choi, N.(2005).Self-efficacy and self-concept as predictors of college students' academic

Cherry, K. (2020) The Psychology of Learning. https://www.verywellmind.com/learning-study-

Concordia University (2003) Online Learning/ Distance Questionnaire. Retrieve from:

EPCI University (2021) Is Online Education Effective?

Jaadi, Z. (2019) Everything you need to know about interpreting correlations.

Knowly (2020) Effectiveness of Online Learning

Kajabi (N.D.) 20 benefits of online classes for teachers and students

Kokemuller, N. (2020) Negative Effects of Online Courses

Kabir, S. M. S. (2016, July). (PDF) RESEARCH DESIGN. ResearchGate.

Kubisctha F. (2014). Engagement and Motivation: Questioning students on study- motivation,

KL;, S. L. K. T. W. W. H. (2011, June). Association of sleep hygiene-related factors and sleep

Lamas, H. (2015) School Performance Sobre el rendimiento escolar. Education Resources

Loeb, S. (2020). How Effective is Online Learning https://www.edweek.org/technology/opinion-

Lavrakas J. P. (n.d.) Median. Sage Research Methods.