UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

School of Criminology
College Avenue, Tuguegarao City 3500

Name of Student:________________________ Year/Section:_____________

Subject:_______________________________ Teacher:______________

MODULE No. 1
TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO FIRE TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW Fire has been of great help to mean since its invention. But it also brought
great destruction man will not forget. Thus, the need for the study of it
and the means to prevent one big destructive fire.
INTRODUCTIO The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during the
N Spanish period. The establishment of the police force was not entirely
intended for crime prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as
an extension of the colonial military establishment.
LEARNING Students will learn of the origin of fire service, personalities and their
OUTCOMES contributions to the study of fire as well as the laws and events that
contributed much to the kind fire service we have now a days.
LEARNING To enable students learn of the origin of fire service, personalities and
OBJECTIVES their contributions to the study of fire as well as the laws and events that
contributed much to the kind fire service we have now a days.

Discussion/Situational analysis/Content Etc:

HISTORY OF FIRE SERVICE

The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during the Spanish period. The
establishment of the police force was not entirely intended for crime prevention nor peacekeeping.
Rather, it was created as an extension of the colonial military establishment.

The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay chieftains
to select able-bodied young men to protect their barangay during the night and were not required
to work in the fields during daytime. Among the duties of those selected were to protect the
properties of the people in the barangay and protect their crops and livestock from wild animals.

Spanish Period

• Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the
regulations of the Department of State; this was armed and considered as the mounted police;
years after, this kind of police organization discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police.
 • Guardrilleros/Cuardillo – this was a body of rural police by the Royal Decree of 18 January
1836, this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be
enlisted in this police organization for three years

• Guardia Civil – this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852 to
partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns, it consisted of a
body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial capitals of the central
provinces of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.

American Period

• The Americans established the United States Philippine Commission headed by General Howard
Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila
was organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis for the
celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9th.

• ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901.

• Henry T. Allen - Captain of the 6th US cavalry, a graduate of West Point class 1882. Father of the
Philippine Constabulary. The first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.

• ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901.

• CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901.

• Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary, enacted
on October 3, 1901

• Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four services of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940.

Post-American Period

• RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September
8, 1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
training and professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later
POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).

Japanese Occupation

• The Japanese Military Police known as “Kempetai” was held responsible in maintaining peace
and order in Manila.

• The Manila Police, which was created during the first American occupation, was renamed into
Metropolitan Constabulary under the Bureau of Constabulary.

• Kempetai ruled the urban areas until Gen. Douglas McArthur returned on February 7, 1945

Martial Law Period

• PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established
the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus
and the integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense -
transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense

• Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city and municipal government the operational
supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985

• Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the administrative control and supervision of the INP
from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission

• RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,
enacted on December 13,1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National
Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine
Public Safety College.

• RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of
1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975.

• RA 6975 - DILG ACT OF 1990 – signed into law on Dec 13, 1990 and took effect on Jan 02,
1991. The establishment of the Philippine National Police with the merger of the INP and PC and
the constitution of the Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the
transfer of NAPOLCOM to the Department of the Interior and Local Government with the
secretary thereof as the ex- officio chairman. Its respective chief of office shall have the
administrative supervision and control to all its members.

The Bureau of Fire Protection- referred to as the Fire Bureau was created under Rule VIII,
Section 49 of RA 6975. As stated under Sec. 50 the Fire Bureau shall be responsible for the
prevention and suppression of all destructive fires on buildings, houses and other structures, forest,
land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or vessels docked at piers or wharves or
anchored in major seaports, petroleum industry installations, plane crashes and other similar
incidents and enforcement of PD 1185.

Including those existing powers and functions delegated to the Station Commanders,
Provincial Commanders, Regional Directors, Director General PC/INP, and the Secretary DND,
shall now be exercised by the City/Municipal Fire Marshals. Provincial Fire Marshals, Regional
Directors, Director of the Fire Bureau and the Secretary of the DILG, respectively.

The Fire Bureau shall have the power to investigate all causes of fire and, if necessary, file
the proper complaint with the city/provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case.

• RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12
August 2009.

An Act extending for five (5) years the reglamentary period for complying with the
minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion
system thereof, amending for the purpose pertinent provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 and for
other purposes.
August 7, 1901

• United States – Philippine Commission organized then the Manila Fire Department, merely as part
of the Department of Streets, Park, Fire and Sanitation

• However, the present organization came into existence when it was separated from the former
department. All equipment and apparatus relating to this distinct unit were turned over of F.R.
Dodge as the appointed Department Chief and J.W. Hoey as his Assistant. After the resignation of
F.R Dodge in the same year, Hugh Bonner, former Chief of New York City Fire Department was
appointed Fire Chief on December 28, 1901 but he actually assumed office on April 25, 1902 with
Capt. Hoey still as Deputy’ Chief. During his absence, Deputy Chief Hoey assumed the position of
Fire Chief.

• A t t h e t i m e o f C h i
Stations namely: Tanduay, Sta.
Cruz, Paco and Intramuros Fire
Stations. The Department has four
(4) engine companies and one (1)
hook-and-ladder company.

• T h e e a r l y m e a n s o
boxes Gamewell Fire Alarm System
was established. The 5th fire station
at San Nicolas, Binondo, Manila
was constructed during Bonner’s
term.

• U p o n C h i e f B o n n
administration, Tondo and San
Lazaro Fire Stations were
constructed. It was also during this
time that the steam fire engine and
motor fire apparatus were
introduced in the Department,
replacing the out-moded horse-
drawn fire apparatus.

• W h e n C h i e f D i n
the construction of Sta. Mesa Fire Station thus making eight the total number of fire stations in the
city until the outbreak of war. He resigned on October 18, 1935, a month before the inauguration
of the Philippine Commonwealth Republic. He was the last American Fire Chief who served the
Manila Fire Department.

• On October 19, 1935, Deputy Chief Jacinto Lorenzo became the first Filipino Fire Chief of Manila
Fire Department. He was responsible for reduction of duty schedule of the members of the
uniformed force division from the period of four (4) days straight service with 7-hour day-off and
15 hours night-off 48 hours duty and 24 hours off-duty.

• By 1944, he was succeeded by Deputy Chief Cipriano Cruz whose administration bore the brunt of
the brutal years of Japanese conquest. It is very interesting to note that the darkest moment in the
history of Manila Fire Department was during this brutal years of Japanese invasion. As the
 Japanese occupation was about to come to a close, simultaneous raids were conducted one night
by the dreaded kempetai or the Japanese military police on all fire stations. Fifty three (53)
firemen suspected of supporting the guerilla movement were rounded up. Nobody among them
returned despite the strong representation by then Mayor Leon Guinto with the Japanese Imperial
Army. To this day, their deaths are still shrouded with mystery.

• Upon the liberation of the city, the Manila Fire Department was, literally speaking, another debris
of war. The U.S. Army had to supply it with trucks, hose another equipment to put it back on its
feet. During the tenure of Chief Cruz, four (4) more fire stations were established for the
department namely: Gagalangin, Sta. Ana, Arroceros and Sampaloc Fire Stations.

• On April 21, 1956, he retired from service and was succeeded by Deputy Chief Eulogio Samio
who paved the way for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of fire stations, the construction of a
modern edifice that houses the Manila Fire Department Central Fire Station at the site of Sta. Cruz
Fire Station as well as the acquisition of modern firefighting equipment and apparatus, and for the
first time in its history, Manila acquired two (2) fire boats in 1965. Chief Samio was also
responsible for the increase of salary of the fire fighters and non-uniformed force and the reduction
of working hours to 24 hours duty and 24 hours off.

• Upon his retirement on January 21, 1966, Deputy Chief Jesus Cruz took over his post and headed
the Department up to December 30, 1966. On December 31, 1966, Capt. Domingo Reyes was
designated by Mayor Villegas as Officer-in-Charge up to March 30, 1967, Capt. Federico Garcia
was appointed by President Marcos as Chief of Manila Fire department.

• On March 21, 1974, some three years after the declaration of Police and jail services of the
National Capital Region into one unit then known was the Metropolitan Police Force under the
nucleus of Philippine Constabulary and was headed by the Commanding General of the Philippine
Constabulary, Metropolitan Command.

• The Manila Fire Department was since then called Fire District I, National Capital Region. Several
District Superintendents assumed the leadership of Manila Fire District Command with the likes of
Brig. Gen. Reyes, who was twice extended to his post by Pres. Marcos and led the Manila Fire
Services from July 1, 1980 to December 17, 1985. After his death of the same year, Col. Rodolfo
S. Villavicencio took over his post and led the District Command up to 1987.

• As history unfolds, fire stations all over the country were established. Laws were promulgated for
the enhancement of the fire service. On August 8, 1975 Presidential Decree (PD) 765 was enacted
by then President Marcos thereby constituting the Integrated National Police (INP). It provided for
the integration of all city and municipal police and fire departments and jails into the INP. These
integrated forces were placed under the operational control of the Philippine Constabulary.

• The Integrated National Police was therefore established and made responsible for public safety,
protection of lives and properties, enforcement of laws and maintenance of peace and order within
the territorial limits of the Philippines. It had the power to prevent crimes, effects and arrest of
criminal offenders and provide for their detention and rehabilitation. It took necessary measures to
prevent and control fires, investigate the commission of all crimes and offenses and bring the
offenders to justice, all the while to take every necessary step to insure public safety.

• The Philippine Constabulary as a major service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines with law
enforcement functions, served as nucleus of the Integrated National Police.
• The power of the administrative supervision and control by the city and municipal governments
over their respective local police, jail and fire department was transferred to the Chief of
Constabulary as Director-General of the Integrated National Police.

• Thus, the police fire and jail services were unified into a single organization and the responsibility
of training INP personnel was transferred to the Integrated National Police Training Command
including the 13 regional training centers throughout the country as mandated by Presidential
Decree (PD) 765.

• On December 13, 1990, Republic Act (RA) 6975 otherwise known as the DILG Act of 1990 was
finally enacted thereby creating the now Bureau of Fire Protection and its present organization
under the umbrella of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

• On June 24, 2004, congress enacted R.A. 9263 otherwise known as the BFP Professionalization
Act of 2004 which has professionalized and upgraded the qualification standards of appointment
in the Bureau of Fire Protection.

• On May 8, 2009, President Gloria M. Arroyo signed into law, R.A. 9592 entitled an “Act
extending the 5 years reglamentary period for complying the minimum education qualification and
appropriation eligibility in the appointment of the BFP.

• RA 9263 – BFP and BJMP Professionalization Act of 2004 – an act to professionalize its active
members with the same purpose with its counterpart, PNP

• PD 1185 - otherwise known as Fire Code of the Philippines was signed into law on Aug 26,
1977 by Pres. Marcos due o the alarming proportion of the destructive fires that the economic and
social gains are continually undermined, thus its creation is necessary in order to minimize and/or
eliminate its similar occurrence. To carry out effectively its objective the Implementing Rules and
Regulation (IRR) was issued on Mar 20 1978 by the DG PC/INP and was subsequently approved
by the Secretary of the Department of National Defense on Mar 25, 1978 and took effect on June
27, 1978.

• PD 1185 – an act established to enforce fire safety standards on buildings and structures and for
other purposes on public safety against the dangers/hazards of fire.

• R.A 9514 – known as the Comprehensive Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008. Amending PD
1185.

PERSONALITIES IN THE STUDY OF FIRE

 HANS HAUTSCH

• German inventor who improved the manual pump by creating the first suction and force pump and
adding some flexible hoses to the pump.

RICHARD NEWSHAM

• A native of London who developed further the fire engine in 1725, pulled as a cart to the fire
scene, these manual pumps were manned by teams of men and could deliver up to 160 gallons per
minute at up to 120 feet (40 meters).
 JAN VAN DER HEYDEN

• A Dutch inventor who invented the fire hose in 1672. Constructed from
flexible leather and coupled every 50 feet (15 meters) with brass fittings,
the length and connections remained the standard up to this day.

GOVERNOR JOHN WINTHROP

• Bostons Governor who outlawed wooden

chimneys and thatched roofs in 1631.
 GOVERNOR PETER STUYVESANT

• New Amsterdam Governor who appointed four men to act as fire wardens in 1648, they were
empowered to inspect all chimneys and to fine any violators of the rules. The city burghers later
appointed eight prominent citizens to the Rattle Watch, these men volunteered to patrol the streets
at night carrying large wooden rattles. If fire were seen the men spin the rattles then directs the
responding citizens to form bucket brigade.

BUCKET BRIGADE

• First known firefighting unit organized thousands of years ago B.C.

DR. NICOLAS BARTON

• Underwrote the first insurance policy and organized the first known fire department

PAUL HODGE

• Designed and built the first steam – powered fire engine in New York in 1840.
 ALEXANDER BONNER MOSES LATTA
Built fire engines in 1852 that was successfully put into service during the Cincinnati, Ohio fire on January
02, 1853.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION AGENCY

• NFPA
• Organized in 1896 to set standards on fire prevention and firefighting procedures.

GREAT TRIANGLE FIRE

• Occurred in 1911 in New York which to the adoption and promulgation of fire codes.
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
• 146 (123 – w, 23 – m)

REGIMEN DE POMPIER

• Fire fighting unit organized in France during the 1st World War

MANILA FIRE DEPARTMENT

• First organized fire department in the Philippines established on August 6, 1901 with Capt F.R.
Hodge as its first fire chief.

CAPT JACINTO LORENZO

• First Filipino Fire Chief appointed on October 19, 1935 before the inauguration of the Philippine
Commonwealth Government.
• He also introduced the schedule of duties of firemen from 4 straight days’ service with 7 hours a
day off and 15 hours night off to 48 hours duty and 24 hours off duty.

NATIONAL FIRE SERVICE COUNCIL

• Created by Juan Ponce Enrile who was at the time the Minister of Defense, the council
recommended the establishment of a national training center for the fire service.

NATIONAL FIRE SERVICE TRAINING CENTER

• Established on October 1, 1979 with FCOL JOSE V CAJIPE as the first training commandant.
• It was renamed to FNTI.
• And now known as NFTI.

SAINT FLORIAN

 Patron Saint of firefighters throughout the world

 Maltese Cross

• Symbol of Christian Warriors

• Eight-pointed and has a V shape joined at their bases

• Designed based on crosses used in the First Crusade launched by Pope Urban II in 1095 with the
goal of capturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims

• 11th century Knights serving in a Jerusalem hospital known as the Order of Knights Hospitaller /
later known as the Knights of Saint John

• These Knights assisted the Knights of the Crusaders to win back the Holy Land

• As the Knight attacked, Saracens threw glass containers with flammable liquids and flaming
torches

• Knights were burned and suffered agonizing deaths

• Risking horrible death, the Knights struggled to help comrades, beating out the flames, and
dragging them to safety

• In acknowledgement of the heroic deeds, the cross they wore was decorated and inscribed
 • 1530, the Island of Malta was given to these Knights.

• The symbol on their flag was the eight-point cross and became known as the “Maltese Cross”

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT USED IN THE FIRE SERVICE

SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS, FITTINGS, FIRE BLANKETS AND

ALARMS

TROUSERS AND BUNKER COATS

FIRE HELMET, FIRE BOOTS AND FIRE GLOVES

FIRE TRUCKS

Ancient Fire Trucks

Modern Fire Trucks
Aerial Fire Fighting

Land Fire Fighting

Airport Fire Trucks

Coastal Fire Fighting

QUIZ 1

IDENTIFICATION.

1. He is the person known to have invented the first fire hose. His design is still in used today in
modern firefighting.
2. German inventor who improved the manual pump by creating the first suction and force pump and
adding some flexible hoses to the pump.
3. New Amsterdam Governor who appointed four men to act as fire wardens in 1648, they were
empowered to inspect all chimneys and to fine any violators of the rules. The city burghers later
appointed eight prominent citizens to the Rattle Watch, these men volunteered to patrol the streets
at night carrying large wooden rattles. If fire were seen the men spin the rattles then directs the
responding citizens to form bucket brigade.
4. It is known as the oldest method of firefighting used thousands of years BC.
5. It was a great fire that caused the deaths of 146 individuals at a clothing factory at New York City.
6. BFP and BJMP Professionalization Act of 2004 – an act to professionalize its active members with
the same purpose with its counterpart, PNP.
7. He is considered as the first Filipino Fire Chief.
8. He initiated the use of fire insurance.
9. It is known as the training center for firefighters in the Philippines molding modern fire fighters
until now.
10. It is the first fire code of the Philippines signed into law by the late Pres. Ferdinand Marcos.
11. It is known as the Comprehensive Fire Code of the Philippines being enforced by the Bureau of
Fire Protection amending the existing fire code.
12. It is the law that gave the Bureau of Fire Protection the sole authority to respond to fire
emergencies, investigate its causes and file the proper complaint to court having jurisdiction
whenever needed.
13. He invented the steam engine that gave enhanced firefighting capabilities of firefighters in his
time.
14. It is an agency known to firefighters and fire safety practitioners throughout the world giving bases
on fire safety and firefighting techniques to improve firefighting operations in the modern world.
15. He was the first commandant of the Fire Service Training Center and known well as the walking
fire code of the Philippines.
16. He is known to be as the father of constabulary.
17. How long is a fire fighter’s hose?
18. He is the Patron Saint of Fire Fighters throughout the world known to was drowned to death when
he did not renounced his faith in Christ.
19. It is the universal emblem of fire fighters around the world.
20. When was the Manila Fire Department Established?
21. A native of London who developed further the fire engine in 1725, pulled as a cart to the fire
scene, these manual pumps were manned by teams of men and could deliver up to 160 gallons per
minute at up to 120 feet (40 meters).
22. It was organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of State;
this was armed and considered as the mounted police; years after, this kind of police organization
discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police.
23. This was a body of rural police by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836, this decree provided that
5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police
organization for three years
24. This was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852 to partially relieve
the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns, it consisted of a body of Filipino
 policemen organized originally in each of the provincial capitals of the central provinces of Luzon
under the Alcalde Mayor.
25. It is a law entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901.
26. The act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary, enacted on October 3,
1901
27. It is otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September 8,
1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training
and professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM
was renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).
28. It is otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and
the integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense -
transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense
29. It is otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,
enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National
Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine
Public Safety College.
30. It is otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,
enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975.

ACTIVITY 1

1. Gather information from parents or relatives who witnessed fire operation and fire incidents and make
an article on the efficiency and capability of fire fighters in your municipality. Place it in a yellow paper.