DESIGN OF SLAB

Design of two way slab

1 DATA
fck  = 20 N/ mm2

fy = 415 N/ mm2

Shorter Span, lx = 3.89 m

Longer Span, ly = 4 m

Live Load = 2 kN/ mm2

Floor Finish = 1 kN/ mm2

Bearing = 0.23 m

Density of concrete = 25 kN/ mm3

2 Effective depth

l\d=30 = 129.67 l/d = 20 X M.F ( IS: 456-2000

d- Provide = 135
Assume 10mm dia.bars = 160

3 Effective span ( IS: 456-2000, P.- 34, CL. 22.2.a) 

For lx,
(1) clear span + d = 4025
(2) c/c of support = 4230
Whichever is smaller, = 4025
For ly,
(1) clear span + d = 4135
(2) c/c of support = 4230
Whichever is smaller, = 4135

4 Load calculation
(1) Dead load of slab = 4
(2) live load = 2
 (3) floor finish = 1
Total load = 7
Factored load = 10.5

5 Mid span moment

Corners are not held down.

From, IS: 456-2000, P.- 90, CL.D -2

Mx=αxwl2x

My=αywl2x
ly/lx = 1.00

From, IS: 456 - 2000, P.- 91, table- 2

αx =
ly/lx
αy = αx
αy

ly/lx
αx
αy

ly/lx
αx
αy

ly/lx
αx
αy
ly/lx
αx
αy

ly/lx
αx
αy

ly/lx
αx
αy

ly/lx
αx
αy

ly/lx
αx
αy
SIGN OF SLAB : TWO WAY SLAB DESIGN AS PER IS : 456 - 2000

( IS: 456-2000, P.- 38,39)

CL.D -2

P.- 91, table- 27

1 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09
0.062
0.062
0.062 0.0632 0.0644 0.0656 0.0668 0.068 0.0692 0.0704 0.0716 0.0728
0.062 0.0619 0.0618 0.0617 0.0616 0.0615 0.0614 0.0613 0.0612 0.0611

1.1 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19
0.074
0.061
0.074 0.075 0.076 0.077 0.078 0.079 0.08 0.081 0.082 0.083
0.061 0.0608 0.0606 0.0604 0.0602 0.0600 0.0598 0.0596 0.0594 0.0592

1.2 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29
0.084
0.059
0.084 0.0849 0.0858 0.0867 0.0876 0.0885 0.0894 0.0903 0.0912 0.0921
0.059 0.0586 0.0582 0.0578 0.0574 0.057 0.0566 0.0562 0.0558 0.0554

1.3 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39
0.093
0.055
0.093 0.0936 0.0942 0.0948 0.0954 0.096 0.0966 0.0972 0.0978 0.0984
0.055 0.0546 0.0542 0.0538 0.0534 0.053 0.0526 0.0522 0.0518 0.0514

1.4 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49
0.099
0.051
0.099 0.0995 0.1 0.1005 0.101 0.1015 0.102 0.1025 0.103 0.1035
0.051 0.0505 0.05 0.0495 0.049 0.0485 0.048 0.0475 0.047 0.0465

1.5 1.525 1.55 1.575 1.6 1.625 1.65 1.675 1.7 1.725
0.104
0.046
0.104 0.1049 0.1058 0.1067 0.1076 0.1085 0.1094 0.1103 0.1112 0.1121
0.046 0.0451 0.0442 0.0433 0.0424 0.0415 0.0406 0.0397 0.0388 0.0379

1.75 1.775 1.8 1.825 1.85 1.875 1.9 1.925 1.95 1.975
0.113
0.037
0.113 0.1135 0.114 0.1145 0.115 0.1155 0.116 0.1165 0.117 0.1175
0.037 0.0362 0.0354 0.0346 0.0338 0.033 0.0322 0.0314 0.0306 0.0298

2 2.05 2.1 2.15 2.2 2.25 2.3 2.35 2.4 2.45

0.118
0.029
0.118 0.1184 0.1188 0.1192 0.1196 0.12 0.1204 0.1208 0.1212 0.1216
0.029 0.0281 0.0272 0.0263 0.0254 0.0245 0.0236 0.0227 0.0218 0.0209

2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95
0.122
0.02
0.122 0.1222 0.1224 0.1226 0.1228 0.123 0.1232 0.1234 0.1236 0.1238
0.02 0.0194 0.0188 0.0182 0.0176 0.017 0.0164 0.0158 0.0152 0.0146
 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.75 2 2.5 3
0.074 0.084 0.093 0.099 0.104 0.113 0.118 0.122 0.124
0.061 0.059 0.055 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.029 0.02 0.014
0.074
0.061

1.2
0.084
0.059
0.084
0.059

1.3
0.093
0.055
0.093
0.055

1.4
0.099
0.051
0.099
0.051

1.5
0.104
0.046
0.104
0.046

1.75
0.113
0.037
0.113
0.037

2
0.118
0.029
0.118
0.029

2.5
0.122
0.02
0.122
0.02

3
0.124
0.014
0.124
0.014
Design of two way slab

The design of the RCC slab classified by the spanning as one way and two-wa

We have calculated the one-way slab as per IS: 456-2000. now, we will calculate and the design of a two-way slab. 

To calculate the RCC slab manually is a lengthy process, I suggest to use tools
will save time.

In this article, we will calculate all the necessary steps manually and provide a
reinforcement detail for a two-way slab.

Two-way slab
As we discussed in previous articles, the ratio of longer to shorter span is less than two and the slab is supported in all the four

The slab will bend in both the direction.

Design steps for two-way slab

The steps for designing the two-way slab is similar to the one-way slab design

(1) Calculate the Effective depth and effective span.

(2) Calculate the total factored load on the slab.

(3) Calculate the mid span moment using the formula given in the Indian stand
2000 and Pages 90,91. and, check the effective depth for flexure.
(4) Calculate the steel percentage, area of required steel, and spacing of the ba
the shorter and the longer span and provide the reinforcement detail.

(5) Perform the checks for cracking, deflection, development length, and shear
a sketch.

Two-way slab design calculation

From our beam and column layout plan, we will calculate the longest sl
is the slab S-7.

Slab layout

You can see the S-7 has a longer direction of 13.125 feet and a shorter
of 12.75 feet in the given plan.

The use of the slab will be a bedroom. so, 2 kilonewtons per square me
be taken as a live load.

In the design calculation, we will consider a 1-meter strip. which means

m.

Data 
fck = 20

fy = 415

shorter span, lx = 3.89 m

longer span, ly  = 4 m

live load = 2 kN/ mm2

floor finish = 1 kN/ mm2

Effective depth

Ix = 3.89 m > 3.5 

live load = 2 kN/ mm2

If the shorter span is less than or equal to 3.5 and the live load is less th
then the following formula must be multiplied by 0.8

l/d = 20 X M.F ( IS: 456-2000, P.- 38,39)

Assume 0.3 % steel,

fy = 415 N/mm2

M.F = 1.5

3890/d = 20 X 1.5

d = 129.66 mm 

Provide, d = 135 mm

Provide, d = 135- 10 = 125 mm (for longer span)

( Assume, 10 mm dia. bars )

Overall depth, D = 135 + 5 + 20  

                          D = 160 mm
Effective span

( IS: 456-2000, P.- 34, CL. 22.2.a) 

For lx,

(1) clear span + d = 3890 + 135 = 4025 mm

(2) c/c of support = 3890 + 230 = 4120 mm

Whichever is smaller, 4025

For ly,

(1) clear span + d = 4000 + 125 = 4125 mm

(2) c/c of support = 4000 + 230 = 4230 mm

Whichever is smaller, 4125

Effective span for, 

lx = 4025 mm

ly = 4125 mm

Load calculation

(1) Dead load of slab = 0.160 X 25 = 4 kN/ mm2

(2) live load                  = 2 kN/ mm2

(3) floor finish              = 1 kN/ mm2 

total load = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 kN/ mm2 

Factored load = 1.5 X 7 = 10.5 kN/ mm2

Mid span moment

Corners are not held down.

From, IS: 456-2000, P.- 90, CL.D -2

Mx=αxwl2xMx=αxwlx2

My=αywl2xMy=αywlx2

ly/lx = 4125/4025 = 1.02

From, IS: 456 - 2000, P.- 91, table- 27

αxαx = 0.064

αyαy = 0.0618

Mx=αx⋅wl2xMx=αx⋅wlx2

=0.064X10.5X4.0252=0.064X10.5X4.0252

MxMx = 10.88 kN⋅m

My=αy⋅wl2xMy=αy⋅wlx2

=0.0618X10.5X4.0252=0.0618X10.5X4.0252

MyMy = 10.51 kN⋅m

Effective depth for flexure

From, SP. -16, P.- 10, table- c

Mu=0.138fckbd2Mu=0.138fckbd2

10.88X106=0.138X20X1000Xd210.88X106=0.138X20X1000Xd2

d = 62.79 mm  (required ) < 135 mm (provided) .....O.K.

Reinforcement

Along lx,

pt=50fckfy[1−√1−4.6Mxfckbd2]pt=50fckfy[1-1-4.6Mxfckbd2]

pt=50X20415[1−√1−4.6X10.88X10620X1000X1352]pt=50X20415[1-1-
4.6X10.88X10620X1000X1352]

ptpt = 0.172 %

Ast=pt100bdAst=pt100bd

Ast = 0.172/100 X 1000 X 135

AstAst = 232.2 mm2

For 10 mm bars = ast=π4102ast=π4102 = 78.53 mm

spacing = 78.53/232.2 X 1000 = 338.20 mm

Provide, 330 mm spacing.

Ast =  78.53/330 X 1000 

Ast = 237.97 mm2

Provide, 10 mm Φ 330 mm c/c along the shorter span.

Along ly,

pt=50X20415[1−√1−4.6X10.51X10620X1000X1252]pt=50X20415[1-1-
4.6X10.51X10620X1000X1252]

ptpt = 0.194 %

A_{st} = 0.194/100 X 1000 X 135

AstAst = 242.8 mm2

For 10 mm bars = astast  = 78.53 mm

spacing = 78.53242.8X100078.53242.8X1000 = 323.43 mm

Provide, 320 mm spacing.

Ast =  78.53/320 X 1000

Ast = 245.4 mm2

Provide, 10 mm Φ 320 mm c/c along the longer span.

Check for cracking

IS: 456-2000, P.- 46, CL. 26.3.3 (b)

lx,

(1) 3d = 3 X 135 = 405 mm

(2) 300

135 mm < 300 mm ..... O.K.

ly,

(1) 3d = 3 X 125 = 375

(2) 300 mm 

125 < 300 mm ..... O.K.

Check for deflection

Check for deflection can be done along lx,

Allowable, l/d = 20 X M.F = 20 X 1.5 = 30

Actual, l/d = 4025/135 = 29.81

29.81 < 30 ..... O.K.

Check for development length

We will consider the longer span because the bond is critical in the longer dire

From IS: 456-2000, P. - 44

Ld≤1.3M1V+L0Ld≤1.3M1V+L0

L0L0

(1) d = 125 mm

(2) 12 Φ = 12 X 10 = 120 mm

Greater of these two values,

L0L0 = 125 mm

50 % bars are bent up near the support,

Ast = 245.4 / 2 = 122.7 mm2

M1=0.87fyAstd(1−fyAstfckbd)M1=0.87fyAstd(1-fyAstfckbd)

=0.87X415X122.7X125(1−415X122.720X1000X125)=0.87X415X122.7X125(1-
415X122.720X1000X125)

M1=5.42X106N⋅mmM1=5.42X106N⋅mm

S.F at support, Vu=wlx2Vu=wlx2

= 10.5X4.0252= 10.5X4.0252 = 21.13 kN

1.3M1V+L0=1.3X5.42X10621.13X103+1251.3M1V+L0=1.3X5.42X10621.13X103+12
mm

From SP. - 16 P.- 184, table - 64,

LdLd = 453 mm

453 < 458.46 mm ..... O.K.

Check for shear

This check is also done along the longer span because, the shear critical along

Maximum S.F. = VuVu =  21.13 kN

τv=Vubd=21.13X1031000X125=0.17τv=Vubd=21.13X1031000X125=0.17 N/mm2
pt=Ast100bdpt=Ast100bd

=245.4X1001000X135=0.182=245.4X1001000X135=0.182 %

from, IS: 456-2000, P.- 73, table- 19,

τcτc = 0.31 N/mm2  

k = 1.27

τc'=kτcτc′=kτc 

       = 1.27 X 0.31

τc'τc′ = 0.393 N/mm2  

0.17 < 0.393 ..... O.K.

Reinforcement

For two way slab, the plan view will look like following,

Two-way slab reinforcement arrangements plan view

And the section view,

Two-way slab reinforcement detail

After the completion of the slab design, we will further move towards the desi
columns.

If you have any doubts, you can ask me.

55000 37500 17500

0.466666666667