Activity 2: Let us trace them down!

(Firm – up, Deepen & Transfer)

Watch and analyze the videos from the resources above or from your flash drive (week 6) or with
the given links and answer the activities below. You may also read the book for a better explanation of
your thoughts (Biological & Cultural Evolution; pp. 80-88 and Sociocultural and Political Evolution;
pp.94-99). Edit this file and attached it on submissions’ panel once done.
Video Links:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlmruDxY48Y
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf_dDp7drFg
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPggkvB9_dc
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H41erFPG1ZY

Critical Thinking:
Answer the following essay questions:
1. Difference between biological and cultural evolution?
 Biological evolution is involved with changes in our Genetic material, physical bodies, and
bodily demographic inherited qualities from one generation to another. On the other hand,
cultural evolution refers to the development of civilizations from a simple form to a more
complicated structure of technology, language, government, and other aspects.

2. Difference between the hominids and the Homo sapiens?

 The Hominids are groups of the early humans and other humanlike creature in which can
walk erect during the prehistoric times while the Homo Sapiens are species of humans in
which the modern human beings belong to.
3. How did the Homo sapiens successfully control their environment?
 Homo Sapiens transitioned to producing food and changing their surroundings as they have
successfully controlled the environment. It began through a thorough practice of agriculture
in which they managed to grow and breed some sorts of animals and plants as their source of
food.

4. Discuss the important biological and cultural developments of the hominids and Homo sapiens by
completing the chart below.

Biological Developments/
Species
Physical Developments
A. Hominids Hominids are commonly had an
erect posture, they have larger
skulls and brains and Bipedal
locomotion.
Cultural Developments
Hominids developed trade
networks in which they
produced tools and artifacts
formed from bones, antlers, and
other materials, which they've
used in their everyday life. They
also showed some social
dynamics and capability for
language which reflected their
culture at their times.
 B. Homo habilis The Homo Habilis has a larger
brain than past ancestors, some
changes in the shape of the
skull. They have smaller jaws,
their teeth were rounded, and
their legs are short in which
their height is commonly at 3 to
4 feet. Their brain is usually size
700 cubic cm.
C. Homo Erectus Homo Erectus had a shorter and
stockier physique, a brain that
was similar to present humans,
an oversized face with a low,
sloped forehead, and broad and
lengthy skulls. Their chin was
sharp, and their jaw was wide
and thick.
D. Cro-Magnon Cro-Magnon skulls have a
narrow base and a high
braincase, with rightly pointed
jaws. The physique was big and
muscular, with strong muscles,
and the legs appeared to be
longer than the arms. With a flat
forehead, the face was short and
thick.
The Homo Habilis are the first
species who made some tools
and artifacts made out from
stones. They also the ones who
developed some scavenging
skills and survival strategies.
Homo Erectus is the first species
to develop and control the fire
they used for their every life,
like hunting, surviving climates,
etc. They made tools from non-
durable materials such as
bamboo, burnt stones, and
animal bones. They were also
the first ones to use spoken
language in which establishes
humanity's civilizations.
Cro-Magnon preferred to live in
caves formed by rock, either
deep and shallow, and/or built
primitive homes leaning against
rock walls or made of stones.
The Cro-Magnons are
apparently the species that has
settled in one location and only
moves when essential to explore
new hunting grounds or because
of climatic factors.

5. How did the Neolithic Revolution transform preagricultural societies to agricultural ones?
 The Neolithic revolutions serve as the base of all the next-era societies; this society marks
the overall evolution of mankind as this shifts or transforms the preagricultural societies
to agricultural ones due to their features, traits, and how they interact-survive the earth
before. They are not establishing any settlements; they hunt and consume all their
resources (crops and livestock) in an area and constantly move on to the next. However,
these practices of the Neolithic age transit into a newly developed civilization; they
managed to advance by cultivating their crops and raising livestock around their area,
which boosted and generated the food supply, making the first modern civilization and
cities.

6. How did the industrial revolution change society?

 The industrial revolution changed the overall history of humanity as this changed the way
our resources turned into more reliable and quality products and services. This also
changes the way humans cultivate and manage crops, communication, and much more
agricultural and technological aspects, which benefits all the society; as a result, this
 forms and migrates people from rural areas turning into a city. Furthermore, the
efficiency and productivity of the industrial revolution are due to the development and
growth of human consciousness and curiosity in which innovates, contributes, increases
the existing industries leading to explorations and discoveries of this world.

7. What is the difference between industrial and post-industrial societies?

 The difference between the industrial and post-industrial societies is the industrial society
deals and focuses on the agricultural aspects like food production, maintaining the
balance of the overall supply of food and goods. On the other hand, post-industrial
societies center more on the overall service-based economy, revolutionizing society's
economy based on manufacturing to one based on knowledge.

8. Explain the political developments in the early civilizations of Shang, Indus Valley, Egypt, and
Sumer briefly.
 The early civilizations of Shang managed to develop political aspects that lasted for
nearly 600 years, which relied on the loyalty of aristocratic families. This dynasty had
conquest for a long time building the provinces of China and resulting in the growth of
revenue and wealth of the Shang kings. Furthermore, the Indus Valley develops from a
small civilization into the most well-known for urban planning concerns both technical
and political processes dealing with the use of the land and design of the urban
environment. The political aspect or the government itself of this civilization is a
monarchy. Kings or known as Rajahs, serve as their superior and lead and protect their
community from invaders and others. Lastly, Egypt is also a well-known civilization in
which until these present times noted from its ancient culture and the monuments of the
majestic pharaohs and monumental pyramids. Ancient Egypt achieved these wonders
achievements through its organized workforce and a great leader. Ancient Egypt's
government or political structure was a theocratic monarchy ruled by a king by a mandate
of gods; the rulers were called pharaohs heading their state and leading their people.

9. Complete the table below.

FORMS OF
SOCIAL CULTURAL
STAGES ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENTS DEVELOPMENTS
SUBSISTENCE
A. Hunting & For survival, they The social As cultural aspects
Gathering obtain food through developments of people evolve, humans learned
animals being hunted, evolve from the hunt to have or act as a
and crops and plants for food and collect leader in a group that
are gathered. plants and other keeps everyone heading
vegetation. They have for the greater good.
minimal assets except Also, gender plays a
for some vital hunting huge role in which the
and gathering interactions competes
equipment. To secure with the other groups or
the group's overall communities.
survival, each person is
 expected to assist in the
search for food and
distribute what they
find or acquire.
Such groups rely on
small-scale farming for Humans learned to
People learned to have
sustenance since they produce their food by
trade goods and
don't relocate around farming and growing
services with other
much. They also make crops and mixed
groups, contacting and
B. Horticultural and use essential hand methods of breeding
exchanging the other
tools to cultivate crops and hunting animals,
groups develops a
and some tools for resulting in a more
strong bond between
raising and breeding organised and full food
the community.
small domesticated supply.
animals.
Pastorals are the ones Pastorals control the Pastorals extense their
of takes care of the overall livestock supply economic activity in the
livestock or in which they distribute form of use or
C. Pastoral
domesticated animals or engage in trading consumes a vast
in the form of businesses with other amount of land and/ or
subsistence. people or groups. property
The associated
Communities live
The subsistence of civilizations manage to
together in harmony
Agriculture is carry the cultivation
with one another by
characterized by low process in which forces
exchanging and sharing
D. Agricultural assets demands, become more other
some resources, goods
cultivation practices, labor-intense, resulting
and services in which
and minimum use of in population pressure
benefits the overall
agricultural inputs. and unique forms of
group.
social organization.
Industrialization fosters
People engaged in
the overall evolution
subsistence level of This centralized field of
from new goods and
industrial, producing operation or workplace
products and services
only enough goods to allows people of society
E. Industrial that redevelop and
consume and services to interact and engage
innovate the old ones in
both themselves and with one another while
production,
their family or for working.
organizational process
general personal use.
and support operations.
This is the stage where
the economic This is the start of the
subsistence develops A social development economic stage
and generates the wherein the service transition in which the
overall needs of a industry generates more final processes from the
F. Post-industrial particular family, wealth than both manufacturing/
community as a whole, combines production-based
Through manufacturing manufacturing and economy correlate with
commodities or goods agricultural sector. the societal outburst
to the prerequisite of and economic sector.
services.