Activity:

Drilling , Reaming and Tapping on drilling Machines

Aim:
To perform drilling, reaming and tapping operations on the given M.S Flat work piece.

Apparatus:
1. Drilling Machine with standard accessories
2. Work piece Material: Mild Steel round rod of diameter 20 mm. length 30 mm

Procedure:
1. The given work piece is first to be layout with the required diameter and length. Wet
chalk is applied to the scriber lines are drawn to get center hole at required location.
2. The centers are punched with a Punch and hammer.
3. The work piece is fixed firmly in the vice of the Drilling Machine
4. 3/8” drill bit is fixed firmly in the chuck and drilling is performed giving uniform depths.
5. The drill bit is removed from the drill chuck and is replaced by a reamer.
6. The reaming operation is performed on the hole which has been previously drilled.
7. The work is removed from the vice for performing tapping operation.
8. The job is fixed firmly in a bench vice.
9. Tap is fixed in the tap handle and pressure applied on the taps to obtain internal thread.

Precautions:
1. While performing reaming and tapping operations lubricant should be used to minimize
friction.

Result:
Drilling, Reaming and Tapping operations are performed on the given work piece as per
given dimensions.

Document Task to accomplished:

I. Make an illustration of the layout work piece and the finished one.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. To which elements (tool and work) the speeds and feeds are provided on Drilling
machine?

- A lathe work cutting speed is the rate at which a point on the work circumference
moves past the cutting tool. The speed of cutting is always expressed in meters per
minute (m/min) or feet per minute (ft/min.) Because the industry expects
machining operations to be completed as quickly as possible, current cutting speeds
must be used for the type of material being cut.

2. What type of speed variation mechanism is provided in the drilling machines you have
studies?
- We used a gear mechanism and a lever arrangement to change the speed of the
drilling machine. This will result in less machining time and higher productivity.

3. What makes the simultaneous rotation of the spindle and the feed motion possible on
drilling machines?

- The drill or cutting tool is held by the spindle, which revolves in a fixed position
within a sleeve. The sleeve or quill does not revolve, but it can slide in a direction
parallel to its axis. The cutting tool is fed into the work piece when the sleeve
carrying the spindle with the cutting tool is lowered.

4. What are the functions of flutes on a twist drill?

- Twist drills are rotary cutting tools with two cutting edges and two flutes formed
in the body to provide cutting lips, allow chip removal, and allow coolant or cutting
fluid to reach the cutting action.

5. Explain how power is transmitted from the drill spindle the drill shank?
- A friction drive transmits power from the drill spindle to the drill shank. In place of
the standard chain and sprockets, a friction drive transmits power via two wheels.
Its efficiency, however, is on the low side. This mechanism is common in scooters.

6. Why are drilled holes generally slightly larger than drill diameter?
- There are several reasons for this, for example, it can depend on the surface being
drilled, which will react and wear out differently depending on its material,
resulting in variations. A drill made of wood and a drill made of stone, for example,
would be very different in size due to the varying strength of the materials.

7. What is the primary purpose of reaming?

- A reamer is a rotary cutting tool used in reaming. Reamers, like drill bits, remove
material from the work piece on which they are used. Reamers, on the other hand,
remove significantly less material than drill bits. The primary goal of reaming is to
create smooth walls in a pre-existing hole.

9. How is the diameter of a drilled hole measured?

- When measuring the depth of a drilled hole, it is critical to measure at the outside
wall of the hole to obtain the depth of the hole's full diameter. Hold the measuring
rod against the drilled wall to ensure an accurate full diameter depth
measurement.

10. What will happen when the drilling is done with dull drill?

- Drill bits that are dull can cause unclean cuts and overheating. In the case of
tougher materials, such as metal, a dull drill bit may fail to cut completely through
the material. Sharpening drill bits is an important step in ensuring that your tools
are running efficiently and productively.