Assessmentin elderly patients. Assesselderly patients for altered mental status.

, dehydration, unusual behavior,

excessive fatigue, and concomitant heart failure.

Nursing Priorities
Maintain/improve respiratory function.
Prevent complications
Support recuperative process
Provide infomation about disease process,
prognosis, and treatment.

Nursing Interventions
These nursing interventions, if implemented appropriately, would result in the achievement
management of pneumonia. of the goals of the

To improve airway patency:

Removal of secretions. Secretions should be
may slow recovery.
removed because retained secretions
interfere with gas exchange and

Adequate hydration of 2 to 3 liters per day thins and loosens pulmonary secretions.
Humidification may loosen secretions and improve
Coughing exercises. An effective, directed cough ventilation.
can also improve airway patency.
Chest physiotherapy. Chest physiotherapy is important because it loosens and
mobilizes secretions.
To promote rest and conserve energy:
Encourage avoidance of overexertion and possible
Semi-Fowler's position. The patient should exacerbation symptoms. of
assume
change positions frequently to enhance secretion
a comfortable
position to promote rest and breathing and should
and clearance pulmonary ventilation and perfusion.
To promote fluid intake:
Fluid intake. Increase in fluid intake to at least
2 per day to replace insensible fluid
losses.
To maintain nutrition:
Fluids with electrolytes. This may
help provide fluid, calories, and electrolytes.
Nutrition-enriched beverages. Nutritionally
enhanced drinks and shakes can also help restore proper nutrition.
To promote patient's knowledge:
Instruct patient and family about the cause of
need for follow-up.
pneumonia, management of symptoms, signs, and symptoms, and the
Instruct patient about the factors that may have
contributed to the development of the disease.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (30 minutes)
You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This
answer and another one (1) point for the correct
will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct
You are given 30 minutes for this activity:
ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in yot answerlratio is not allowed.

Multiple Choice

1. CAP occurs either in the community setting or within the first hours after hospitalization.
3. 24
48.
c. 72
d. 36
ANSWER:
RATIOCep OCeUd in camuniy ching wihlO he Art 8Kour attr
hecpitdizotion_

2. HAP is the onset

of pneumonia symptoms more than hours after admission in |patients with no evidence of
infection at the time of admission.
a. 72

This document and the information

thereon is the property of PHINMA
Education (Department of 4 of 6
Nursing)
b. 36.
48.
d. 24
ANSWER:
RATIOop ihe ne pneuntni.ca dympm maXe than Ah h 4Avadnitith

3. Which of the following is not considered as pneumonia in the immunocompromised host?

Nosocomial pneumonia.
Fungal pneumonia.
C. Pneumocystis pneumonia.
d. Mycobacterium tuberculo[is.
ANSWER _
RATIO N°oLemia hacumsnia arcn' an inmunocompanired hor4
pnEimanLO_

4. What is the most common fom of aspiration pneumonia?

a Fungal infection.
6Bacterial infection.
Myocardial infarction.
d. Renal insufficiency.
ANSWER: D.
RATIO hedenio Neeion i en fov a eaLpiradion

5. What is the leading cause of CAP?

a. S. aureus.
b. H. influenza.
E. coli.
S. pneumonia.
ANSWER:
RATIO: PneOmAai C Icadimq lcau re

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves.
Wite the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.

1. ANSWER:
RATIO:

2. ANSWER:
RATIO:

3. ANSNER
RATIO

4. ANSWER:

This document and the

informiation thereon is the
Education (Department of
property of PHINMA
Nutsing) 5 of 6