Cell as the Basic Unit of Life Sel Sebagai Unit Asas Hidupan 2.1 CELL—STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND ORGANISATION SEL - STRUKTUR, 'UNGSI DAN ORGANISAST 1, What is the basic unit of life? Explain./pakah unit asas hidupan? Terangkan, Qt 2. Identify and label the different parts of a light microscope in the following diagram using the given words. Kenal pasti dan label bahagian mikroskop cahaya dalam rajah di bawah dengan perkataan yang dibertkan, @) (b) (m) © O @ «) (©) - 0) 0 (8) @ (h) Slide/Slaid Mirror/Cermin Objective lens/Kanta objektif Stage/Pentas Body tube/Tiub badan Eye lens/Kanta mata Condenser/Kondenser [Course focus knob/Pelaras kasar | Diaphragnv/Diafragma Revolver Stage clip/Klip pentas Base/Tapak Lamp/Lampu Arm/Lengan Fine focus knob/Pelaras halus Scanned with CamScanner14 4 Below are the steps involved in using a light micro: iat dalam mengendalikan mikroskop cahaya using numerals. Berikut menunjukkan lan ghah-langkah yang terli ‘mengikut urutan yang betul menggunakan nombor. (a) Place the microscope ata place sufficiently illuminated, Tum the mirror so that it faces the light source. Letakkan mikroskop di tempat yang terang. Cermin dikadapkan ke sumber cahaya. () Tum the revolver until the objective lens is placed right above the hole of the stage. Putar revolver sehingga kanta objektif berada di atas dJubang pemtas. CO scope. Arrange the steps in correct onde, |(c) Tum the course focus} } knob to raise the body tube. Putar pelaras kasar unnak menaikkan tiub badan, Q () Adjust the diaphragm and mirror to obtain the maximum light, Laraskan diafragma dan cermin untuk ‘mendapatkan cahaya ‘yang maksimum. (e) Adjust the course focus knob to lower the body tube until the objective lens almost touches the slide. Putar pelaras kasar untuk ‘menurunkan tiub badan sehingga kanta objektif hampir menyentuh slaid, () Put the slide that contains} the specimen on the stage. Letak slaid yang mengandungi spesimen di O (g) Change low power objective lens to high power objective lens to enlarge the image. Tukar kanta objektif kuasa rendah kepada kanta objektif kuasa tinggi untuk memperbesar saiz imej. (b) Observe through the eye lens and tur the course focus knob until a sharp image is obtained. Lihat melalui kanta mata dan putar pelaras kasar hingga imej dapat difokuskan. ‘The diagram shows cancer cells and normal cells from a part of the body. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sel kanser dan sel normal pada bahagian tertentu tubuh manusia. a) Identify and label cancer cells and normal cells on the dia (@) Kenal pasti dan label sel kanser dan sel normal pada rajah, gram. QF Scanned with CamScanner(b) State a characteristic that differentiates between normal cells and cancer cells. @ Nyatakan satu perbezaan sifat antara sel normal dengan sel kanser. cells spread in the body? {QF sel kanser merebuak dalam badan kita? (©) What would happen if eanc Apakah mungkin terjadi apabita (a) What causes the growth of cancer cells? Apakah punca berlakunya sel kanser? Suggest a type of cell that can be used to observe animal cells and plant cells through the microscope. Cadangkan sel mikroskop. (a) Animal cells/ Sel haiwan ng seswai digunakan untuk memerhatikan sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan melalui (b) Plant cells/ Sel tumbuhan Two cell specimens, A and B, are observed under a light microscope as shown below. Dua spesimen sel, A dan B dilihat melalui mikroskop cahaya seperti di bawah. (a) Which specimen shows animal cells and which specimen shows plant cells? On the diagram, label these specimens. (9 Spesimen yang manakah menunjukkan sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan? Label spesimen tersebut pada rajah, (b) Give one justification to your answer in (a). Berikan satu alasan kepada jawapan anda di (a). 15 Scanned with CamScannerAzlina observed a plant cell through a light microscope. The diagram below show the gay that she observed, he We | Azlina memerhatikan satu sel tumbuhan menerusi mikroskop. Rajah di bawah menunjuban sey | tersebut, AL B: | (a) Identify the parts or structures of the cell from A to E. Kenal pasti bahagian sel A hingga E. (b) Azlina’s friend observed the same cell without being informed that it was a plant cell, Give two questions that she should ask in order to identify the cell as a plant cell. Rakan Azlina memerhatikan sel yang sama tanpa diberitahu bahawa sel itu sel tumbuhan. Beribax dua soalan yang harus ditanya olehnya untuk mengenal pasti sel tumbuhan. 1. 2. (© (@_Aatina discovered that a structure that is peculiar to the plant cell was not found Decause the cell does not carry out photosynthesis. Name the structure. Azlina mendapati bahawa terdapat satu struktur sel yang lazimnya hadir dalam sel tumbuhan tidak dijumpai pada sel tersebut kerana tidak melakukan proses fotosintesis. Namakan struktur sel ini. (ii) What hypothesis could Azlina formulate based on the observation? Apakah hipotesis yang boleh diformulasikan oleh Azlina berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas? ii) What question should Azlina put forward from the beginning if she wanted to test her hypothesis? (9 Apakah soalan yang harus dikemukakan oleh Azlina terlebih dahulufika dia hendak mengui hipotesisnya? (d) State a function for structure E. ‘Nyatakan satu fungsi bagi bahagian E. 16 Scanned with CamScanner8. Complete the double bubble map below to show the similarities and differences between an animal cell and a plant cell that are observed through the light microscope. (9 Lengkapkan peta buih berganda di bawah untuk menunjukkan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sel haiwan dengan sel tumbuhan yang diperhatikan menerusi mikroskop cahaya. No cell wall Tiada dinding sel Fixed shape Bentuk tetap 9. Identify the following structures of the cell. Kenal pasti struktur-struktur berikut dalam sel. (a) Stores genetic information of an organism. Menyimpan maklumat genetik bagi suatu organisma, (b) Acts as a medium for chemical reactions to take place inside the cell. Bertindak sebagai medium bagi tindak balas kimia yang berlaku dalam sel (©) Supplies the energy to the cell. Membekalkan tenaga kepada sel. (@ Gives a fixed shape to the plant cell. ‘Memberi bentuk yang tetap kepada sel tumbuhan (© Assemi-permeable layer which protects the cell by controlling the movement of substances into the cell. Lapisan separa telap ini melindungi sel dengan mengawal pergerakan bahan-bahan ke dalamnya, (© Filled with liquids that contain sugars, salts and waste material. Berisi cecair yang mengandungi gula, garam dan bahan buangan. 7 Scanned with CamScanner18 cellular organisms, 10. (a) Give two examples of unicellular organisms and multice 8 i Berikan dua contoh bagi organisma wnisel dan multisel. Unicellular organisms/Organisma unisel: Multicellular organisms/Onganisma multisel: (b) State the differences between unicellular organisms and eerie organisms. Nyatakan perbezaan antara organisma unisel dengan organisma multisel (©) Where do most unicellular organisms live? Di manakah kebanyakan organisma unisel hidup? (@) Are all microorganisms unicellular? Give your opinion. 9 Adakah kesemua mikroorganisma itu unisel? Berikan pandangan anda. Classify the following cells into human cells and plant cells: Kelaskan sel-sel berikut kepada sel manusia dan sel tumbuhan: Spermcell Epidermal cell Redbloodcell Palisade cell Sel sperma Sel epidermis Sel darah merah _Sel palisad Epithelial cell Nervecell Guardcell_—_ Root hair cell Smooth muscle cell Sel epitelium Selsaraf Sel pengawal Sel rambut akar Sel otot licin ‘Human cell/Se! manusia Plant cell/Sel eumbuhan Scanned with CamScanner12. Match the following human cells and plant cells with their functions. Padankan sel manusia dan sel tumbuhan berikut dengan fungsi masing-masing. 13. Type of cell/Jenis sel Epidermal cell ° Sel epidermis Red blood cell ° Sel darah merah Epithelial cell ° Sel epitetium Smooth muscle cell © Sel otot licin Guard cell ° Sel pengawal Palisade cell ° Sel palisad Function/Fangsi To trap sunlight Untuk memerangkap cahaya matahari To act as the body’s first line of defense Sebagai pusat pertahanan badan yang pertama To control the movement of air into and out of the leaf Untuk mengawal pergerakan udara masuk dan keluar melalui daun To produce a contraction especially in digestive process Untuk menghasilkan pengecutan terutama dalam proses pencernaan To transport oxygen throughout the body Untuk mengangkut oksigen ke seluruh tubuh badan, To protect the structures inside of the leaf Untuk melindungi struktur dalam daun The diagram shows one type of human cells. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sejenis sel pada manusia. (@) Identify these cells. Kenal pasti sel tersebut. (b) Describe the shape and special characteristics of these cells. ‘Huraikan bentuk dan ciri khusus sel tersebut. (©) In your opinion, what do the cells benefit from the shape and special characteristics? {9 Pada pendapat anda, apakah kelebihan bentuk dan ciri yang ada pada sel tersebut? 19 Scanned with CamScannerch as a human? Giv an example fy 14. How are cells organised into a multicellular organism st each level of organisation below. Bagaimanakah sel-sel diorganisasikan dalam org setlap aras organisasi di bawah anisma maisel seperti manusia? Berikan conto Levels of organisation | — a Such as! ‘Seperti _ Collet @ r "i 2 |__.f Heart muscle tissue/Tisu ofot jantung ¥ |__+| Heart/Jantung ¥ os || 15. List five systems that are found in the human body alongside their functions. Senaraikan lima sistem yang terdapat dalam tubuh manusia dengan fungsinya. System/Sistem Function/Fungsi @ (b) © @d) © 16. Division of labour takes place in each part or structure of the cell. 9 Pembahagian kerja berlaku pada setiap bahagian sel. (a) Explain how chloroplasts and vacuoles contribute to the survival of plants. Terangkan bagaimana kloroplas dan vakuol menyumbang kepada kemandirian tumbuhan, (b) Ifa plant is placed in the dark, the chloro, function. Explain its effect on the plant. Sekiranya suatu tumbuhan diletakkan dalam keadaan gelap, dapat menjalankan fungsinya. Terangkan kesannya terhadap hhyll of the plant will not be able to carry out its Klorofil dalam tumbuhan tidak akan tumbuhan tersebut, Scanned with CamScanner2.2, CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS/RESPIRASI SEL DAN: FOTOSINTESIS 17, All living organisms respire./Semua organisma hidup melakukan respirasi. (2) What is the importance of respiration to organisms? {QP Apakah kepentingan respirasi kepada organisma? (b) Respiration in humans can be divided into two stages. (9? Respirasi pada manusia boleh dibahagikan kepada dua jenis. State these respiratory stages with their explanation using the chart below. Nyatakan respirasi tersebut bersama dengan penerangannya menggunakan carta di bawah. The process that involves the use of @ Proses yang melibatkan penggunaan — Gi) | *) to produce/ untuk menghasilkan ne (iii) Location/Lokasi: (iv) Respiration mae a ‘The process that involves the exchange (2) of/Proses yang melibatkan pertukaran wi) “| "I through/melalui (vii) Location/Lokasi: (viii) 18. While performing vigorous activities such as running, cellular respiration becomes very active. Ketika melakukan aktiviti cergas seperti berlari, respirasi sel adalah sangat aktif. (a) Give your justification to the above statement Berikan justifikasi anda bagi pernyataan di atas. (b) How will vigorous activities affect the rate (or speed) of respiration (rate of breathing)? (F “Apakah kesan terhadap kadar pernafasan semasa aktiviti cergas? (©) Explain the need of the response of the body that you mention in (b). QF Terangkan keperluan gerak balas badan yang dinyatakan di (b). (@ State the relationship between the rate of respiration and condition of cellular respiration (being active or inactive). ‘Nyatakan hubungan antara kadar pernafasan dengan keadaan respirasi sel. 21 Scanned with CamScanneryo experiments as shown in the dj " rigatly had conducted two experime hed a 70, tho solontist, Joseph evimen seperti dalam raj, tahun £70, scadntiy Joseph Priestly telah me Jakukan dia ¢ Experiment II/E sperimen IL Viaporiment Vskyperimen f «) ny The results of the experiments / Keputusan ekspe Experiment ly The candle went off und the mouse died in a closed container. #ksperimen te Lilin terpadam dan tikus mati di dalam bekas yang terturup, Experiment I: The mouse stayed alive and the candle continued to burn in a closed container, Eksperimen Uy Tikus kekal hidup dan lilin terus membakar di dalam bekas yang tertutup. What can be inferred from Experiment Land II? {pakah inferens yang boleh dibuat daripada Eksperimen I dan 11? 20, ‘The diagram des Rajah di bawah m [= lo. (a) Identify factor Kenal pasti faktor A, B and C that are required for the process of photosynthesis. g |, H dan C yang diperlukan dalam proses fotosintesis (b) What does D represent in the diagram? Explain your answe ah D yang ditunjukhan dalam rajak? Terangkan jawapan anda 22 Scanned with CamScanners/Tulls persamaan bagi proses fotosintesis. (c) Write the equation for the process of photosynth Chlorophyll Klorofil — + Sunlight Cahaya mataharl (a) Which cell structure is involved in the process of photosynthesis? Apakah struktur sel yang terlibat dalam fotosintesis? 21, State the similarities and differences between cellular respiration and photosynthesis. (QF Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan antara respirasi sel dengan fotosintesis. * Both process need/Kedua-dua proses memerlukan + Both process involve/Kedua-dua proses melibatkan 4 + Similarities ‘Persamaan Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Fotosintesis Respirasi sel = Differences Perbezaan ’ ’ Only occurs in organisms that have occurs in/ Hanya berlaku pada organisma yang = |*#—>) Berlaku pada mempunyai on light energy/ |__| ‘on light energy/ Tepada tenaga cahaya. Tepada tenaga cahaya. Raw materials/Bahan mentah: |_——»| Raw materials/Bahan mentak: Producta/tfart: Products/Hasil: Energy is stored in the form of Energy is/ Tenaga Tenaga disimpan dalam bentuk |<) Scanned with CamScanner22. State whether you agree or disagree with each of the following statements, Explain your answers, — Myatakan sama ada anda bersetuju atau tidak dengan setiap perv Jawapan anda (4) Plants carry out photosynthesis in the daytime and respiration in the nighttime, Tumbuhan menjalankan fotosintesis pada siang hart da resperast pada weak malam, i bawah. Te (b) Cellular respiration and respiration are the same process. Respirast sel dan pernafasan merupakan proves ym sama Scanned with CamScanner