Economic Analysis

ChE 216
• Direct Cost, CD = Cost of cooling water
Optimization in Heat Transfer • Fixed Cost, CF = Cost of maintenance and depreciation
in a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
TotalCosts
Determination of the Optimum exit temperature of
CT=CF+CD
cooling water (t2opt) Annual Cost, C
Fixed
CTmin
Evelyn R. Laurito Costs, CF
Updated by A. Laurito Direct
t2opt Costs, CD
University of Santo Tomas Exit temperature of
cooling water (t2)
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Optimization in a
Optimization in a Double Pipe
Double Pipe Condenser
Consider a double pipe heat exchanger with steam condensing
Condenser
in the inner tube and cooling water in the annulus • Saturated Steam • Heat Exchanger
Cooling Water t’ – steam temp, oC U – Overall heat transfer
t2 t1 • Cooling water coefficient, W/m2K
A – heat transfer area, m2
t’ t’ w – mass rate, kg/hr
Sat’d Sat’d KF – annual fixed cost per initial
Cw – cost of cooling water/kg
steam steam cost of installed exchanger
Cp – heat capacity of cooling
CA – cost of installed exchanger
t’ t’ water, kJ/kgK
per m2 area
t2 t1 – entering temperature, oC
t2 Tlm – log mean temperature drop
t1 t2 – exit temperature oC based on countercurrent flow
Temp • q = heat removed from • Hy – hours/yr
t1
condensing vapor, W
Length
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1
 Optimization in a Double Pipe
Problem. Ex.5/370
Condenser
A condenser for a distillation unit must be designed to
Counter-current flow condense 2268 kg/h of vapor.The effective
condensation temperature for the vapor is 350K.The
heat of condensation for the vapor is 4.65 x 105 J/kg.
t   t1 t   t2,opt 3.6UH y Cw
 1  ln  Cooling water is available at 294K.The cost of cooling
t   t2,opt t   t1 K F c pC A water is $25.60/1000m3.The optimum HTC is 284
W/m2K.The cost of the installed heat exchanger is
$366/m2 and annual fixed charges including
maintenance are 20% of the initial investment. The
Derive the equation for parallel flow heat capacity of water is 4.2 kJ/kgK. If the condenser is
to operate 6000 hrs/yr, determine the cooling water
flow rate in kg/hr for optimum economic conditions.

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Figure 9-10/408
0.7

0.6

0.5

t   t 2,opt
0.4

t   t1 0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 2 3 4 6 8
0.1 1 10 20 100

UH y Cw
K F c pC A

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