Laporan Praktikum

Jaringan Komputer

Disusun Oleh:

Wahyu Misbah Assudur M0519082

PROGRAM STUDI INFORMATIKA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

2020
[Title]
Objectives
 Research Networking Standards Organizations
 Reflect on Internet and Computer Networking Experiences

Background / Scenario
Using web search engines like Google, research the non-profit organizations that are responsible for
establishing international standards for the internet and the development of internet technologies.

Required Resources
Device with internet access

Instructions

Step 1: Research Networking Standards Organizations

In this step, you will identify some of the major standards organizations and important characteristics,
such as the number of years in existence, the size of their membership, the important historical
figures, some of the responsibilities and duties, organizational oversight role, and the location of the
organization’s headquarters.
Use a web browser or websites for various organizations to research information about the following
organizations and the people who have been instrumental in maintaining them.
You can find answers to the questions below by searching the following organizational acronyms and
terms: ISO, ITU, ICANN, IANA, IEEE, EIA, TIA, ISOC, IAB, IETF, W3C, RFC, and Wi-Fi Alliance.
Questions:

1. Who is Jonathan B. Postel and what is he known for?

 Jonathan Bruce Postel was an American computer scientist who made many significant
contributions to the development of the Internet, particularly with respect to standards.
He is known principally for being the Editor of the Request for Comment (RFC)
document series, for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and for administering
the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) until his death. In his lifetime he was
known as the "god of the Internet" for his comprehensive influence on the medium,
although Postel himself noted that this "compliment" came with a barb — with the article
that introduced it also suggesting that he should be replaced by a "Professional."
The Internet Society's Postel Award is named in his honor, as is the Postel Center
at Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California. His obituary was
written by Vint Cerf and published as RFC 2468 in remembrance of Postel and his work.
 In 2012, Postel was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society. The
Channel Islands' Domain Registry building was named after him in early 2016.

2. Which two related organizations are responsible for managing the top-level domain name space and
the root Domain Name System (DNS) name servers on the internet?\

 ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) adalah utama lembaga
pemerintahan Internet global yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengelola
infrastruktur Internet inti (alamat IP, nama domain, dan root server).
 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) - Oversees and manages IP address
allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANNe your answers
here.

3. Vinton Cerf has been called one of main fathers of the internet. What internet organizations did he
chair or help found? What internet technologies did he help to develop?

 Vinton Gray Cerf (born June 23, 1943) is an American computer scientist who is often
referred to as one of the founding fathers of the Internet, for his key role in creating the
TCP / IP protocol which is the basis of the Internet network.
 Cerf is also the founder of the Internet Society in 1992, an organization that acts as an
umbrella organization for various technical groups tasked with developing the internet
(including the Internet Engineering Task Force). Cerf served as chairman of the Internet
Society until 1999.

4. What organization is responsible for publishing Request for Comments (RFC)?

 Internet Architecture Board (IAB): Responsible for defining the overall architecture of

the Internet, providing guidance and broad direction to the IETF
 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): The protocol engineering and development
arm of the Internet
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG): Responsible for technical management
of IETF activities and the Internet standards process

5. What do RFC 349 and RFC 1700 have in common?

 Both RFC 349 and RFC 1700 have an Assigned number and both have wide standard
functions. They also offer applications that offer link, socket, port, and protocol.

Type your answers here.

6. What RFC number is the ARPAWOCKY? What is it?

 RFC never changes. Modifications to an original RFC are assigned a new RFC number .
Share to: ... without skipping a number . So, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9

Type your answers here.

7. Who founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

 The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded by Tim Berners-Lee after he left
the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in October, 1994. It was
founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science
(MIT/LCS)

8. Name 10 World Wide Web (WWW) standards that the W3C develops and maintains?
 CGI
 CSS
 DOM
 GRDDL
 HTML
 MathML
 OWL
 P3P
 RDF
 SISR
9. Where is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) headquarters located and what is
the significance of its logo?
 Corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New
Jersey, United States

10. What is the IEEE standard for the Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) security protocol?

 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and WPA2 are concurrent security standards. WPA
addressed the majority of the IEEE 802.11i standard; and the WPA2 certification
achieved full compliance. However, WPA2 will not work with some older network cards,
thus the need for concurrent security standards.
Applicable to both WPA and WPA2, there are two versions targeting different users:
 · WPA-Personal was developed for home and small office use and requires no
authentication server; and each wireless device uses the same 256-bit
authentication key.
· WPA-Enterprise was developed for large businesses and requires a RADIUS
authentication server that provides automatic key generation and authentication
throughout the entire enterprise.

Type your answers here.

11. Is the Wi-Fi Alliance a non-profit standards organization? What is their goal?

 Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit organization that promotes Wi-Fi technology and certifies

Wi-Fi products if they conform to certain standards of interoperability. Not every IEEE
802.11-compliant device is submitted for certification to the Wi-Fi Alliance, sometimes
because of costs associated with the certification process.The Wi-Fi Alliance owns
the Wi-Fi trademark. Manufacturers may use the trademark to brand certified products
that have been tested for interoperability.

11. Who is Hamadoun Touré?

 Dr.Hamadoun Touré, Secretary-General of the International Telecommunication

Union (ITU) since January 2007, was re-elected for a second four-year term in October
2010.

12. What is the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and where is it headquartered?

 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), originally the International

Telegraph Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible
for issues that concern information and communication technologies.The ITU coordinates
the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation in
assigning satellite orbits, works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the
developing world, and assists in the development and coordination of
worldwide technical standards. 
 Where is it headquartered? Geneva, Switzerland
13. Name the three ITU sectors.
 Radio communication (ITU-R)
 Standardization (ITU-T)
 Development (ITU-D)
 ITU TELECOM
14. What does the RS in RS-232 stand for and which organization introduced it?
RS-232C. RS-232 stands for Recommend Standard number 232 and C is the latest revision of the
standard. The serial ports on most computers use a subset of the RS-232C standard.

15. What is SpaceWire?

 SpaceWire is a spacecraft communication network based in part on the IEEE 1355

standard of communications. It is coordinated by the European Space Agency (ESA) in
collaboration with international space agencies including NASA, JAXA and RKA.

16. What is the mission of the ISOC and where are its headquarters located?

 Mission is "to promote the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the
benefit of all people throughout the world".
 headquarters located : Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geneva, Switzerland

17. What organizations does the IAB oversee?

 The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is the committee charged with oversight of
the technical and engineering development of the Internet by the Internet
Society (ISoc).
 It oversees a number of Task Forces, of which the most important are the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).

18. What organization oversees the IAB?

 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

 Research Task Force (IRTF).

19. When was the ISO founded and where are its headquarters located?
Founded on 23 February 1947, the organization promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial and
commercial standards. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland

Step 2: Reflect on Internet and Computer Networking Experiences

Take a moment to think about the internet today in relation to the organizations and technologies you
have just researched. Then answer the following questions.
Questions:

1. How do the internet standards allow for greater commerce? What potential problems could we have if
we did not have the IEEE?
 IEEE makes standards for manufacturers to follow. Without those standards, there
would more "proprietary" hardware, and said hardware would be more expensive.
 For example,
If you pick up an internet-capable electronic device, it is going to have some form of
802.xxx, which is a standard set by the IEEE, whether it be 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.3,
etc.
Without those standards, any given electronic device could have a different method of
data transfer to connect to a network, and that particular method of connecting would
have to be matched with the corresponding router.
2. What potential problems could we have if we did not have the W3C?

 The guidelines for the Internet and the way it works will no longer be processed enough.

3. What can we learn from the example of the Wi-Fi Alliance with regard to the necessity of networking
standards?

 The Alliance also certifies products that comply with its specifications for Wi-
Fiinteroperability, security and application-specific protocols. However, certification is
not mandatory and absence of the Wi-Fi Alliance Certified logo does not imply a lack of
compatibility.
 With the help of a marketing company called Interbrand, the organization renamed
the IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11b Direct
Sequence standard Wi-Fi. WECA changed its name to the Wi-Fi Alliance in 2002. The
organization's headquarters are in Austin, Texas.