University of Negros Occidental –

Recoletos
Lizares Street, Bacolod City
INTEGRATED SCHOOL- GRADES 11 AND
12
Tel. Nos. (034) 433-9836; (034) 433-2449 local 137

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GENCHM180
LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 3
STOICHIOMETRY
Section: SJ03 Group No: _______ Date: 05/08/21 Score:____________

Names: Scent Julliane Octavio; Prince Dyny Datoon; Fitz Ymballa

Introduction

Stoichiometry describes the quantitative relationship between reactants

and/or products in a chemical reaction. In chemistry, reactions are frequently
written as an equation, using chemical symbols. The reactants are on the left
side of the equation, and the products are on the right. Using the concept of
stoichiometry, the amount of product that results from a chemical reaction can
be predicted.

I. Objectives
In this lab, you will examine the chemical reaction between baking soda
and vinegar by mixing different amounts of these household chemicals to
learn about the concept of stoichiometry. You will be able to know how to
describe chemical reactions by writing balanced chemical equations.

II. Materials
Clear glass jar (labeled with volume 100 mL-300 mL)
Measuring spoons (1/4 and ½ teaspoon if available)
Small clear plastic bag
1 empty water bottle (20 oz)
2 cups vinegar
¾ tsp baking soda
Water

III. Procedure

1. Fill the soda bottle with 1 cup of vinegar.

2. Cut a small corner from the clear bag and add ¼ tsp of baking soda into
the bag fragment as shown below:

3. Carefully, drop the small bag into the soda bottle with the corner of the
bag pointed downwards and quickly close the bottle. The goal is to twist
the cap so it is airtight before the baking soda reacts comes into contact
with the vinegar.

4. Shake the bottle gently until all the baking soda has reacted with the
vinegar. Allow the solution to fizz up then gradually settle. Wait until the
baking soda has dissolved completely into the vinegar, indicated by no
significant bubbling in the bottle.
 What are your observations during the chemical reaction?

As both of the substances are combined, the chemicals react by producing

fizz . Combining baking soda and vinegar, the substance produces a
byproduct which carbon dioxide gas, which in turn produces a lot of tiny
bubbles encased with liquid.

IV. Questions

1. Write the balanced chemical equation when baking soda reacts with
vinegar producing carbon dioxide, water and sodium acetate.

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CO2 + H2O + C2H3NaO2

2. Mass in ¼ baking soda = 1.12 g

3. Molecular weight of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3, get from periodic

table): (Show solution.)

Na = 22.99; H = 1.01; C = 12.01; O = 16

22.99 + 1.01 +12.01 + (16)(3) = 84.01 g/mol

4. Moles in ¼ tsp baking soda = 0.02 moles NaHCO3

5. Moles in ¼ tsp baking soda:

g of NaHCO 3 1.25 g ¿¿
= 84.01 g/mol ¿¿ g/ mol
molecular weight of NaHCO3
¿¿
¿¿ g/mol
= 0.02 moles NaHCO3

6. How many moles of CO2 do you expect from ¼ tsp NaHCO3?

0.0134 moles of NaHCO3

7. How many moles of CO2 do you expect from ½ tsp NaHCO3?

 0.0268 moles of CO2

V. Discussion

1. Did your stoichiometric predictions agree with the experimental

observations?

It is safe to say that yes it agrees with the experimental observations since
results of stoichiometric predictions and observations were the same.

2. Why was it necessary to add the baking soda to the vinegar inside a plastic
pouch?

Dropping the baking soda into the vinegar in a plastic pouch stops the
reaction from happening right away after it's been applied. The plastic
serves as a temporary barrier, allowing the experimenter to close and seal
the container before combining the two components.

3. Why is it important to have a tight “seal” of the cap on top of the bottle
when mixing the two reaction components?

This is needed to prevent the escape of any gaseous reaction products. If

gas escapes during the reaction, not all of the products will be seen in the
next stage, and the total moles of products will be lower than predicted.

4. What are the main sources of error that might cause a discrepancy between
predictions and observations in this lab? How could you improve them?

In this experiment, several factors can lead to experimental error. For

example, if the seal on the bottle is not tight enough, air can leak out
during the reaction. Often, make sure that all of the gas from the plastic
bottle is trapped in the big glass container. Often, baking soda deactivates
over time when exposed to air, that is whu is why it should be kept in the
fridge, so if it's been out for a while, it won't be as reactive as it should be.
VI. Conclusion

The conductors of this experiment discovered that chemical reactions occurred

between two substances, which were then balanced ultimately. Mathematical
statements and equations also prove this theory since they all align with the
experiment. Thus, proves the researchers’ statement of conclusion as true.

VII. Documentation