Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Colloids
Colloids
Colloids
1. Introduction
2. Colloidal Dispersions
3. Classification of Colloids
4. Hydrocolloids
5. Dispersed Systems
6. Stabilization of Colloidal Dispersion
7. Destabilization of Colloidal Dispersion
8. Properties of Colloidal Solutions
9. Application of Colloids
10. Bibliography
COLLOID
-> Introduction:
A colloid or colloidal dispersion is a type of homogenous mixture. A colloid
consists of two separate phases: Dispersed phase & Continuous phase. The
Dispersed phase is made of tiny particles or droplets that are distributed evenly
throughout the continuous phase.
If a colloidal has a solid phase dispersed in a liquid, the solid particles will not
pass through a membrane, whereas the dissolved ions or molecules of a solution
will pass through.
Some of the examples of colloids include butter, milk, aerosols (fog, smoke),
paints, glues etc.
Colloidal Dispersions
>> Solute does not completely dissolve in solvent but not visible to the naked
eye.
>> Will Scatter light – gives an opaque, turbid appearance
>> Exhibits characteristics of a molecular solution
(Brownian motion, capacity for diffusion)
Classification of Colloids
-> Colloids can be classified on the basis of interaction between Dispersed phase
(DP) & Dispersion medium (DM) :
(iii) It’s very less stable & has tendency to get precipitated out easily.
Tyndall Effect :
Visible scattering of light along the path of a beam of light as it passes
through a system containing discontinuities. The Luminous path of beam of
light is called Tyndall cone. It shows heterogeneous nature of solution. This
effect isn’t shown by true solution due to small particle size. Colloidal
solution & true solution are differentiated by this effect.
Brownian Movement :
Zig zag motion of colloidal particles in solution is called Brownian
movement. Colloidal particle is bombarded by particle of dispersion
medium & hence rather than following straight line path follows zig zag
path. Brownian movement provides stability to colloids.
Colligative property :
Colloidal particles happen to be aggregate. The number of particles in
solution is very small & so all colligative properties are low & under the
conditions only osmotic pressure is suitable for measurement of molar mass.
Applications Of Colloids
(iii) Medicines :
Most of the medicines are colloidal in nature. For example – argyrols is a silver
sol used as an eye lotion, colloidal antimony is used in curing kaalazar etc.
Colloidal medicines are more effective because they have large surface area &
are therefore easily assimilated.
(iv) Photographic plates & films :
Photographic plates & films are prepared by coating an emulsion of the light
sensitive bromide in gelatin over glass plates or celluloid films.
(v) Tanning :
Animal hides are colloidal in nature. When a hide, which has positively charged
particles, is soaked in tannin, which contains negatively charged colloidal
particles , mutual coagulation takes place. This results in hardening of leather.
This process in termed as tanning.