CHAPTER 3 COMMUNICATION

HUMAN BEHEAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION

Definition and process

 is a process which aims to transfer and implement the meaning of symbols from one person, group or
organization to another.
 A dynamic process in which man consciously or unconsciously affects the cognition of another through
materials or agencies used in symbolic ways.
Main elements of communication process
1. THE SENDER
• Is the communicator who can be any person, group or organization.
• Encodes the message into appropriate symbols for transmission.
• The qualities and characteristics of the sender are usually reflected in the message that is sent.
• His role, authority, educational level, personal and mental qualities, social background, and orientation
are usually read in the context of the message.
2. THE RECEIVER
• Decodes the symbol to understand the message.
• His role, authority, educational level, personal, social, educational qualities as reflected partly as the
reason for his being sent the message in the first place.
• These characteristics affect the way he reacts.
3. THE MESSAGE
Communicated through symbols that are sent through a medium.
two kinds of information
1. Substantive – deals with the most important and central aspects of a subject.  
the communication is focused on the substance of the lesson.
2. Subjective in the aspect of feelings, attitudes, and values of the sender are transmitted.
• The message goes through pathways which are channels along which its passage may be either be
facilitated or impeded.
• Pathways “connect” the sender and the receiver.
• The best channel is that in which most of the real senses ( sight, sound, smell, touch and taste), rather
than just one, are engaged to receive the message.
ELEMENTS IN NON - VERBAL COMMUNICATION
a. General appearance
b. Kinesics ( facial and body movements)
c. Proxemics ( gaze, physical orientation, social distance
d. Para language ( voice, pitch, range, tone)
4. FEED BACK
• Supplies the final link to complete the communication loop.
• It is the means by which the sender can modify subsequent message to fit the receivers responses.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
1. Number of people involved
a. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• Occurs when the sender and the receiver of the message is one and the same person, as in someone
talking to him self.
• This could involve self- rationalizing, daydreaming, or conscience examination.
• Usually done quietly.
b. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• This requires two people interacting with each other.
c. GROUP COMMUNICATION
• INVOLVES SEVERAL PEOPLE.
d. MASS COMMUNNICATION
• This takes place with an indefinite number oof people which some would term as a faceless audience.

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
 PHYSICAL BARRIERS
 SOCIAL BARRIERS
 PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
analysis of the verbal transaction between two persons.It can help improve interpersonal communication based
on a study of ego states of the persons communicating with each other.
EGO STATES
Sets of thoughts, feelings, behaviors, gestures etc that characterize the predominant condition of the person.
.PARENT
.CHILD
. ADULT