Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 2 LM 2
Chapter 2 LM 2
Chapter 2 LM 2
LM2
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND
SYMBOLS
You traveled through deep space to visit a planet called Sipnarys where everyone
is a genius Mathematician, the Sypnayans. You entered a coffee shop and you noticed
two Sypnayans talking. Here is a part of their conversation:
Obviously, you did not understand anything from that conversation. But is it
because they were talking complex things? No. It’s because you simply did not
understand their language. Perhaps they were just laughing at you!
This situation has a very strong analogy in Mathematics. People frequently have
trouble understanding mathematical ideas; not necessarily because the ideas are difficult,
but because they are being presented in a foreign language‒the language of
Mathematics.
Like any language, Mathematics has its own symbols, syntax and rules to
understand the expressed ideas and to communicate these ideas to others. These rules,
symbols and syntax are the focus of this chapter. The basic concepts of Mathematics
such as sets, relations, function and the foundation of propositional logic are introduced.
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to be able to
1. Compare Mathematics to other Language;
2. Discuss the characteristic of mathematics as a form of language;
3. Apply some conventions of mathematics;
4. Acknowledge that mathematics is a useful language.
From this perspective, Mathematics does not entirely separate itself. It is also a
language that originated from simple and basic mathematical elements such as numbers
and operations. More complex ideas called “expressions” are then generated by
combining these elements. The combination of such elements are rule-bound, ensuring
that the resulting expression is meaningful and abides to the universality of Mathematics.
Here is a more detailed comparison of Mathematics and the English Language.
While we have seen the similarities of Mathematics to the English language, there
are areas in which it demarcates itself from the English language.
Operations
Unary Operations are used on single mathematical objects. Taking the additive
inverse of a number and squaring it are examples of a unary operation.
Binary Operations are used between two objects. The four fundamental
operations of mathematics are binary operations.
Variables
Example 2.1.1
Mathematically, 2x+1>10.
3 | P r e p a r e d b y : Monica S. Alimondo; Julie A. Buasen; Danni Loven A. Fulwani; Phil S. Ocampo;
Serano L. Oryan; Kenneth B. Pakipac; Nick W. Sibaen
Expressions are in their simpler forms if they involve fewer symbols and
operations.
Mathematical Statements
Practice Exercises
Universal Statements are those that hold true for all elements of a set. In other words,
these statements attribute a property to all elements in a particular universe of discourse. They
explicitly or implicitly use universal quantifiers such as "all", "every" and "each."
Example 3.1.2
4 | P r e p a r e d b y : Monica S. Alimondo; Julie A. Buasen; Danni Loven A. Fulwani; Phil S. Ocampo;
Serano L. Oryan; Kenneth B. Pakipac; Nick W. Sibaen
Example 3.1.3
Example 3.1.4
Universal Conditional Statements are statements that are both universal and
conditional.
Example 3.1.5
Name:___________________________ Score:_______
Course and Year:__________________ Date:_______