Ipc Marathi

^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 1
Am§VadJ© à{ejU
(gwYm[aV Aä¶mgH«$‘mZwgma)
{df` H«$_m§H$ - 1
^mJ - "A'
^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(gZ 1860 Mm A{Y{Z`_ H«$_m§H$ 45)
Indian Penal Code, 1860

(Act No. 45 of 1860)
(V¥Vr` Amd¥Îmr : gZ 2015)
_hmamï´> nmobrg AH°$S>_r,

Zm{eH$
2 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
àm¸$WZ
`m Amd¥ÎmrV, {XZm§H$ 1 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 1986 amoOr `Wm{dÚ‘mZ Agcocm {X B§{S>`Z {nZc H$moS>, 1860, `mMm ‘amR>rVrc
àm{YH¥$V AZwdmX {Xcocm Amho. hm AZwdmX ^maVmMo amOnÌ, AgmYmaU, ^mJ ~mam, AZw^mJ 1, I§S> 4, A§H$ 3, {XZm§H$ 30
Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 1986 `mV n¥ð>o 78 Vo 192 da àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm.
hm àm{YH¥$V ‘amR>r AZwdmX, àm{YH¥$V AZwdmX (H|$Ðr` {dYr) A{Y{Z`‘, 1973 `m§À`m H$c‘ 2, I§S> (H$) AÝdò
amï´>nVtÀ`m àm{YH$mamZo àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm Am{U Aem arVrZo àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Amë`mZ§Va hm AZwdmX, CŠV
A{Y{Z`‘mMm àm{YH¥$V ‘amR>r AZwdmX åhUyZ g‘OÊ`mV Amcm Amho.
Zdr {X„r : Eg. am‘æ`m,

{XZm§H$ 30 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 1986. ^maV gaH$maMo g{Md.
PREFACE
This edition of The Indian Penal Code, 1860, as on the 1st October, 1986 contains the
authorised translation of that act in Marathi and the same was published in the Gazette of
India, Extraordinary, Part XII, Section 1, No. 3, Vol. 4, dated 30th October, 1986 on pages 78 to
192.
This authorised translation in Marathi was published under the Authority of the President
under clause (a) of Section 2 of the Authorised Translations (Central Laws) Act, 1973, and on
such publication, it became the authorised translation of the Act in Marathi.
New Delhi : S. RAMAIAH,

Dated 30th October, 1986. Secretary to the Government of India.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 3
{demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘ d AZwHy$cZ AmXoe `m§Mr `mXr
1. {ZagZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1870 (1870 Mm 14).
2. ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1870 (1870 Mm 27).
2-A. ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1872 (1872 Mm 19).
3. ^maVr` enW A{Y{Z`‘, 1873 (1873 Mm 10).
5. ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm, 1882 (1882 Mm 10).
6. ^maVr` ’$m¡OXmar {dYr {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1886 (1886 Mm 10).
6-A$. ^maVr` gmJar A{Y{Z`‘, 1887 (1887 Mm 14).
7. YmVw {MÝh A{Y{Z`‘, 1889 (1889 Mm 1).
8. ^maVr` nUZ {MÝh A{Y{Z`‘, 1889 (1889 Mm 4).
9. N>mdUr A{Y{Z`‘, 1889 (1889 Mm 13).
10. ^maVr` aoëdo A{Y{Z`‘, 1890 (1890 Mm 9).
12. {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1891 (1891 Mm 12).
17. McZr ZmoQ> ~ZmdQ>rH$aU A{Y{Z`‘, 1899 (1899 Mm 12).
20. ^maVr` {ZdS>UyH$ AnamY Am{U Mm¡H$er A{Y{Z`‘, 1920 (1920 Mm 39).
21. ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1921 (1921 Mm 16).
22-A$. ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1924 (1924 Mm 5).
24. H$m‘Jma g§{dXm^§J ({ZagZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1925 (1925 Mm 3).
25. Aícrc àH$meZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1925 (1925 Mm 8).
27. {ZagZ d {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1927 (1927 Mm 10).
28. ’$m¡OXmar {dYr {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1927 (1927 Mm 25).
30. ^maVr` dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1932 (1932 Mm 14).
4 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
31. {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1934 (1934 Mm 35).
32. ^maV gaH$ma (^maVr` {dYr AZwHy$cZ) AmXoe, 1937.
33-A$. ^maVr` {d‘mZ{df`H$ AnamY A{Y{Z`‘, 1940 (1940 Mm 4).
34. ^maVr` nUZ {MÝh ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1941 (1941 Mm 6).
37. ^maVr` ñdmV§Í` (H|$Ðr` A{Y{Z`‘ Am{U AÜ`mXoe AZwHy$cZ) AmXoe, 1948.
38. ’$m¡OXmar {dYr (dm§{eH$ ôX^mdm§Mo {ZamH$aU) A{Y{Z`‘, 1949 (1949 Mm 17).
39. ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm d ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm ({demoYZ) 1949 (1949 Mm 42).
40. {dYr AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950.
42. ^mJ I amÁ` ({dYr) A{Y{Z`‘, 1951 (1951 Mm 3).
46. ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1955 (1955 Mm 26).
47. {dYr AZwHy$cZ (H«$‘m§H$ 2) AmXoe, 1956.
50. ì`mnma d nUZ {MÝh A{Y{Z`‘, 1958 (1958 Mm 43).
53. ^«ï>mMma {ZdmaU {dYr ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1964 (1964 Mm 40).
54. ’$m¡OXmar Am{U {ZdS>UyH$ {dYr {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1969 (1969 Mm 35).
56. ’$m¡OXmar {dYr ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1972 (1972 Mm 31).
57. H$‘©Mmar ^{dî` {ZYr Am{U Hw$Qw>§~ doVZ {ZYr ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1973 (1973 Mm 40)
58. H$‘©Mmar amÁ` {d‘m ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1975 (1975 Mm 38).
59. {ZdS>UyH$ {dYr ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1975 (1975 Mm 40).
60. ’$m¡OXmar {dYr ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1983 (1983 Mm 43).
61. ’$m¡OXmar {dYr (Xwgao {demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1983 (1983 Mm 46).
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 5
AZwH«$‘{UH$m
H$c‘o nmZ Z§.
àH$aU 1 co
àñVmdZm
àmñVm{dH$m
1. g§{hVoMo Zmd d {VÀ`m àdV©ZmMm {dñVma 28
2. ^maVmV Ho$coë`m AnamYm§~Ôc {ejm 28
3. Oo AnamY ^maVm~mhoa Ho$coco AgVrc; nU Á`m§Mr H$m`ÚmZwgma ^maVmV g§narjm
H$aVm òB©c Aem AnamYm§~Ôc {ejm 29
4. g§{hVoMr amÁ`joÌmVrc à`wŠVr 29
5. {dd{jV H$m`Úm§da `m A{Y{Z`‘mMm n[aUm‘ hmoUma Zmhr 30
àH$aU 2 ao
gd©gmYmaU ñnï>rH$aUo
6. g§{hVoVrc ì`m»`m AndmXm§g AYrZ g‘Omd`mÀ`m 30
7. EH$Xm ñnï>rH$aU Ho$coë`m eãXà`moJmMm AW© 30
8. qcJ 30
9. dMZ 30
10. nwéf 30
ór
11. ì`ŠVr/ Bg‘ 30
12. OZVm 30
13. {Za{gV 30
14. emgZmMm godH$ 31
15. {Za{gV 31
16. {Za{gV 31
17. emgZ 31
18. ^maV 31
19. Ý`m`mYre 31
20. Ý`m`mc` 31
21. cmoH$godH$ 31
22. O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm 33
23. J¡a cm^ , J¡a hmZr , J¡anUo cm^ {‘idUo , J¡anUo hmZr gmogUo 33
24. Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo 34
6 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
25. H$nQ>rnUmZo 34
26. g‘OÊ`mg H$maU34
27. nËZrÀ`m, H$maHw$ZmÀ`m qH$dm MmH$amÀ`m H$ãOmVrc ‘mc‘Îmm 34
28. ZH$crH$aU 34
29. XñVEodO 34
29-A BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© 35
30. ‘yë`dmZ amoIm 35
31. ‘¥Ë`wnÌ 35
32. H¥$VtMm {ZX}e H$aUmè`m eãXm§‘Üò Ad¡Y AH¥$VtMm g‘mdoe Amho. 35
33. H¥$Vr 35
AH¥$Vr 35
34. XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtZr g‘mZ CÔoemÀ`m nwa:gaUmW© Ho$coë`m H¥$Vr. 35
35. Ooìhm Aer H¥$Vr JwÝhoJmar OmUrd qH$dm CÔoe AgVmZm H$aÊ`mV Amë`mÀ`m H$maUmZo 35
JwÝhoJmar ñdê$nmMr AgVo Voìhm.
36. A§eV: H¥$VrÛmao Am{U A§eV: AH¥$VrÛmao KS>dyZ AmUcocm n[aUm‘ 36
37. AnamYmcm KQ>H$^yV Agcoë`m {Za{Zamù`m H¥$Vtn¡H$s EH$ H¥$Vr H$ê$Z ghH$m`©. 36
38. JwÝhoJmar H¥$VrV {Z~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVr {Za{Zamù`m AnamYm§~Ôc Xmofr Agy eH$Vrc. 36
39. BÀN>mnyd©H$ 37
40. AnamY 37
41. {deof H$m`Xm 37
42. ñWm{ZH$ H$m`Xm 37
43. Ad¡Y 37
H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ AgUo 37
44. jVr 38
45. Or{dV 38
46. ‘¥Ë`y 38
47. àmUr 38
48. Oc`mZ 38
49. df© 38
‘{hZm 38
50. H$c‘ 38
51. enW 38
52. gX²^md 38
52-A$. Amgam XoUo 38
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 7
àH$aU 3 ao
{ejm§{df`r
53. {ejm. 38
53-A$. "H$mio nmUr' `m {ZX}emMm AW© cmdUo. 39
54. ‘¥Ë`yMr {ejm n[ad{V©V H$ê$Z gm¡å` H$aUo. 39
55. AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr {ejm n[ad{V©V H$ê$Z gm¡å` H$aUo. 39
55-A$. "g‘w{MV emgZ' `mMr ì`m»`m. 39
56. ({Za{gV) 40
57. {ejoÀ`m ‘wXVrMo A§e. 40
58. ({Za{gV ) 40
59. ({Za{gV)
60. {ejm (H$mamdmgmÀ`m {dd{jV àH$aUm§‘Üò) g§nyU©V: qH$dm A§eV: gl‘ qH$dm gmYr Agy eHo$c. 40
61. {Za{gV 40
62. {Za{gV 40
63. Ðì`X§S>mMr a¸$‘. 40
64. Ðì`X§S> Z âÊ`m~Ôc H$mamdmgmMr {ejm. 40
65. H$mamdmg Am{U Ðì`X§S> hr {ejm XoVm òÊ`mgmaIr Agoc Voìhm, Ðì`X§S> Z âÊ`m~ÔcÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr ‘`m©Xm. 41
66. Ðì`X§S> Z âÊ`m~Ôc H$moUË`m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm. 41
67. AnamY ’$ŠV Ðì`X§S>mg nmÌ Agoc Voìhm, Ðì`X§S> Z âÊ`m~Ôc H$mamdmg. 41
68. Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm hmoVmM H$mamdmg g‘má hmoUo. 41
69. Ðì`X§S>mMm à‘mUera {hñgm âÊ`mV Amë`mda H$mamdmgmMr g‘már. 41
70. ghm dfm©À`m AmV qH$dm H$mamJ¥hmV AgVmZm Ðì`X§S> dgwcr`mo½`. 41
‘¥Ë`y‘wio ‘mc‘Îmm Xm{`ËdmVyZ ‘wŠV hmoV Zmhr.
71. AZoH$ AnamY {‘iyZ ~Zcoë`m AnamYm~ÔcÀ`m {ejoMr ‘`m©Xm. 42
72. AZoH$ AnamYm§n¡H$s EH$m~Ôc Xmofr Agcocr ì`ŠVr Ë`mn¡H$s H$moUË`m AnamYm§~Ôc Xmofr
Amho Vo e§H$mñnX Agë`mZo Ý`m`{ZU©`mV Z‘yX Ho$coco Agoc Voìhm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm {ejm. 42
73. EH$m§V ~§{Xdmg. 42
74. EH$m§V ~§{XdmgmMr ‘`m©Xm. 43
75. àH$aU 12 do qH$dm àH$aU 17 do `mImcr nydu Xmof{gÕr Pmcr AgVm, Ë`mImcrc 43
{dd{jV AnamYm§~Ôc dmT>rd {ejm.
àH$aU 4 Wo
gd©gmYmaU AndmX
76. {dYV: ~Õ Agcoë`m AWdm VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘wio ñdV:cm {d{YV: ~Õ g‘OUmè`m
ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 43
77. Ý`m{`H$V: H$m`© H$aV AgVmZm Ý`m`mYrem§Mr H¥$Vr. 43
8 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
78. Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m Ý`m`{ZU©`mcm qH$dm AmXoemcm AZwgê$Z Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 43
79. {d{YV: g‘W©Z {‘imcoë`m qH$dm Vgo ñdV:cm g‘W©Z Amho Ago VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘wio
g‘OUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 44
80. H$m`Xoera H¥$Vr H$aVmZm AnKmV. 44
81. AnhmZr H$aÊ`mMm g§^d Agcocr, nU JwÝhoJmar CÔoem{edm`, Am{U AÝ` AnhmZr hmoD$
Zò åhUyZ Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 44
82. gmV df} d`mImcrc ~mcH$mMr H¥$Vr. 45
83. gmV dfm©darc d ~mam dfm©Imcrc An[an¹$ g‘OeŠVr Agcoë`m ~mcH$mMr H¥$Vr. 45
84. ‘Zmo{dH$c ì`ŠVrMr H¥$Vr. 45
85. ñdV:À`m BÀN>o{déÕ Zem MT>dÊ`mV Amë`m‘wio {ZU©`~wÕr MmcdÊ`mg
Ag‘W© Pmcoë`m ì`ŠVrMr H¥$Vr. 45
86. Á`m‘Üò {d{eï> CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd Amdí`H$ AgVo Agm AnamY Zem MT>coë`m
ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cm AgVm. 45
87. {OÀ`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KSy>Z `mdr Agm CÔoe Zmhr qH$dm Vgm g§^d
Agë`mMr OmUrd Zmhr Aer g§‘VrZo Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 45
88. ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm CÔoe ZgVmZm, ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r {VÀ`m g§‘VrZo
gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 46
89. ~mcH$mÀ`m qH$dm ^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r nmcH$mZo qH$dm nmcH$mÀ`m g§‘Vr{Zer
gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 46
na§VwHo$.
90. ^`mnmoQ>r qH$dm J¡ag‘OmnmoQ>r g§‘Vr {Xcr Agë`mMr OmUrd AgUo. 46
^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVrMr g§‘Vr 46
~mcH$mMr g§‘Vr. 46
91. Á`m H¥$Vr Ë`m§À`m‘wio hmoUmè`m Anm`mÀ`m {ZanojVoZo AnamY AmhoV Ë`m dJiUo. 47
92. gX²^mdnyd©H$ EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r g§‘Vr{edm` Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 47
na§VwHo$. 47
93. gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$coco {ZdoXZ. 48
94. Y‘Š`m§Ûmao Or H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mMr gŠVr ì`ŠVrda hmoVo Vr H¥$Vr. 48
95. Aëngm Anm` H$aUmar H¥$Vr. 48
ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m h¸$m{df`r 48
96. ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m AmoKmV Ho$coë`m Jmoï>r. 48
97. earamMm d ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$. 49
98. ‘Zmo{dH$c, BË`mXr ì`ŠVrÀ`m H¥$VrnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$. 49
99. Á`m§À`mnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ Zmhr Ë`m H¥$Vr. 49
H$moUË`m ‘`m©Xon`ªV h¸$ ~OmdVm òB©c. 49
100. earamMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ hm, ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm ì`mnH$ AgVmo. 50
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 9
101. Agm h¸$ ‘¥Ë`yhÿZ AÝ` Anm` H$aÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm ì`mnH$ AgVmo. 50
102. earamMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ gwê$ hmoUo d Mmcy amhUo. 50
103. ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ hm, ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm
ì`mnH$ AgVmo. 50
104. Agm h¸$ ‘¥Ë`yhÿZ AÝ` Anm` H$aÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm ì`mnH$ AgVmo. 51
105. ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ gwê$ hmoUo d Mmcy amhUo. 51
106. {ZXm}f ì`ŠVrcm Anm` hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m Agoc Voìhm, àmUKmVH$ h‘ë`mnmgyZ
ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$. 51
àH$aU 5 do
AnàoaUm{df`r
107. EImÚm Jmoï>rMo AnàoaU. 52
108. AnàoaH$. 52
108-A$. ^maVm~mhoarc AnamYm§Mo ^maVmV AnàoaU. 54
109. AnàoaUm‘wio n[aUm‘V: Anào[aV H¥$Vr KS>cr AgyZ, Ë`m AnàoaUmH$aVm {ejoMm
H$moUVmhr Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zgë`mg Ë`m~Ôc {ejm. 54
110. Anào[aV ì`ŠVrZo AnàoaH$mÀ`mnojm doJù`m CÔoemZo H¥$Vr Ho$ë`mg AnàoaUm~Ôc {ejm. 54
111. Ooìhm EH$m H¥$Vrcm AnàoaUm {Xcr OmD$Z {Zamir H¥$Vr Ho$cr OmVo Voìhm AnàoaH$mMo Xm{`Ëd. 54
112. Anào[aV H¥$Vr~Ôc d Ho$coë`m H¥$Vr~Ôc AnàoaH$ g‘wƒ`r {ejog Ho$ìhm nmÌ AgVmo. 55
113. Anào[aV H¥$Vr‘wio KSy>Z Amcoë`m, nU AnàoaH$mcm CÔo{eV Agcoë`m H¥$VrhÿZ {^Þ
Aem n[aUm‘m~Ôc AnàoaH$mMo Xm{`Ëd. 55
114. AnamY KS>cm Voìhm AnàoaH$ CnpñWV AgUo. 55
115. ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYmMo AnàoaU
AnamY Z KS>ë`mg. 56
n[aUm‘r Anm` H$aUmar H¥$Vr Ho$cr Joë`mg. 56
116. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYmMo AnàoaU -AnamY Z KS>ë`mg. 56
AnàoaH$ qH$dm Anào[aV ì`ŠVr hr AnamY KS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Á`mMo H$V©ì` Amho
Agm cmoH$godH$ Agë`mg. 56
117. OZVoH$Sy>Z qH$dm XhmhÿZ OmñV ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z AnamY KSy>Z òÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo. 57
118. ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mMm ~oV cndUo
AnamY KS>ë`mg, 57
AnamY Z KS>ë`mg. 57
119. Á`mg à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Amnco H$V©ì` Amho Vmo AnamY H$aÊ`mMm ~oV cmoH$godH$mZo cndUo-
AnamY KS>ë`mg, 57
‘¥Ë`y, BË`mXr {ejog AnamY nmÌ Agë`mg, 57
AnamY Z KS>ë`mg, 57
10 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
120. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mMm ~oV cndUo 58
AnamY KS>ë`mg, 58
AnamY Z KS>ë`mg, 58
àH$aU 5 -A$
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q>
120-A$ ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q> `mMr ì`m»`m. 58
120-B ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q>m~Ôc {ejm. 58
àH$aU 6 do
Xoe{damoYr AnamYm§{df`r
121. ^maV gaH$ma{déÕ `wÕ H$aUo qH$dm `wÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo qH$dm `wÕ H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo. 59
121-A$ H$c‘ 121 AÝdò {ejmnmÌ Ago AnamY H$aÊ`mMm H$Q>. 59
122. ^maV gaH$ma{déÕ `wÕ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo eó, BË`mXr Jmoim H$aUo. 59
123. `wÕ H$aÊ`mMm ~oV Vo gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cndUo. 60
124. H$moUVmhr H$m`Xoera A{YH$ma dmnaÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mÀ`m qH$dm {ZéÕ H$aÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo amï´>nVr, amÁ`nmc BË`mXrda h‘cm H$aUo. 60
124-A$ àOmjmo^Z. 60
125. ^maV gaH$maer gm¡»`mMo g§~§Y Agcoë`m, H$moUË`mhr Am{e`m`r gÎmo{déÕ `wÕ H$aUo. 61
126. ^maV gaH$maer em§VVoMo g§~§Y Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr gÎmoÀ`m amÁ`joÌmV cyQ>‘ma H$aUo. 61
127. 125 d 126 `m H$c‘m§‘Üò C„opIë`mà‘mUo `wÕmV qH$dm cyQ>‘marV hñVJV
Pmcocr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maUo. 61
128. amÁ`H¡$Úmcm qH$dm `wÕH¡$Úmcm niyZ OmÊ`mg cmoH$godH$mZo BÀN>mnyd©H$ ‘w^m XoUo. 61
129. cmoH$godH$mZo h`J`rZo Aem H¡$Úmcm niyZ OmD$ XoUo. 61
130. Aem H¡$Úmcm niyZ OmÊ`mg ‘XV H$aUo qH$dm Ad¡YnUo gmoS>dUo qH$dm Amgam XoUo. 61
àH$aU 7 do
^ygoZm, Zm¡goZm Am{U dm`wgoZm `mg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
131. cîH$ar ~§S>mg AnàoaUm XoUo AWdm ^yg¡{ZH$, Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$ `mcm Ë`mÀ`m
H$V©ì`mnmgyZ {dM{cV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo. 62
132. cîH$ar ~§S>mMo AnàoaU Ë`mÀ`m n[aUm‘r ~§S> KSy>Z Amë`mg. 62
133. ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm Ë`mMm d[að> A{YH$mar Amnco nXH$m`©
~OmdV AgVmZm Ë`mÀ`mda h‘cm H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo. 62
134. Agm h‘cm H$aÊ`mMo AnàoaUm h‘cm KSy>Z Amë`mg. 63
135. ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm MmH$ar gmoSy>Z niyZ OmÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo. 63
136. ncm{`Vmcm Amgam XoUo. 63
137. ì`mnmar Oc`mZmda Zm¡H$m{YnVrÀ`m h`J`r‘wio ncm{`V Bg‘ cnyZ amhUo. 63
138. ^yg¡{ZH$mÀ`m, Zm¡g¡{ZH$mÀ`m qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mÀ`m {eaOmoarÀ`m H¥$Vrg AnàoaUm XoUo. 63
138-A$. {Za{gV 63
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 11
139. {dd{jV A{Y{Z`‘m§Zm AYrZ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVr. 64
140. ^yg¡{ZH$, Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$ dmnaVmo Ver dXu n[aYmZ H$aUo AWdm
Vgo AmoiI{MÝh Odi ~miJUo. 64
àH$aU 8 do
gmd©O{ZH$ àem§VVoÀ`m {damoYr AnamYm§{df`r
141. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md. 64
142. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ AgUo. 65
143. {ejm. 65
144. àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer g‚m hmoD$Z ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmV gm‘rc hmoUo. 65
145. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmcm nm§JÊ`mMm AmXoe Pmcm Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZhr
Ë`mV gm‘rc hmoUo qH$dm Wm§~yZ amhUo. 65
146. X§Jm H$aUo. 65
147. X§Jm H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 65
148. àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer g‚m hmoD$Z X§Jm H$aUo. 65
149. g‘mZ C{Ôï> gmYÊ`mgmR>r Ho$coë`m AnamYm~Ôc ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm àËòH$ KQ>H$ Xmofr AgUo. 65
150. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmV gm‘rc hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^mS>moÌr ì`ŠVr Jmoim H$aUo qH$dm ^mS>moÌr
ì`ŠVr Jmoim H$aÊ`mH$S>o H$mUmS>moim H$aUo. 65
151. nmM qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtÀ`m O‘mdmcm nm§JÊ`mMm AmXoe {‘imë`mZ§Va OmUrdnyd©H$
Ë`mV gm‘rc hmoUo qH$dm Wm§~yZ amhUo. 66
152. cmoH$godH$ X§Jm, BË`mXr e‘drV AgVmZm Ë`mÀ`mda h‘cm H$aUo qH$dm Ë`mcm AQ>H$md H$aUo. 66
153. X§Jm KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ~oNy>Q>nUo àjmo^Z H$aUo 66
X§Jm KSy>Z Amë`mg, X§Jm KSy>Z Z Amë`mg, 66
153-A$. Y‘©, d§e, OÝ‘ñWmZ, {Zdmg, ^mfm, BË`mXr H$maUm§dê$Z {Za{Zamù`m JQ>m§‘Üò
eÌwËd dmT>dUo Am{U EH$monm {Q>H$Ê`mg ~mYH$ Aem H¥$Vr H$aUo. 66
CnmgZmñWmZ BË`mXr {R>H$mUr Ho$cocm AnamY. H$moUË`mhr {‘adUwH$sV OmUrdnyd©H$
eóo ZoUo qH$dm geó Aer H$moUVrhr gm‘y{hH$ H$dm`V qH$dm gm‘y{hH$ à{ejU g§K{Q>V H$aUo
qH$dm KoUo qH$dm `mV gh^mJr hmoUo `mgmR>r {ejm. 66
153-AA$ H$moUË`mhr {‘adUwH$sV OmUrdnyd©H$ eóo ZoUo qH$dm geó Aer H$moUVrhr gm‘y{hH$ H$dm`V
qH$dm gm‘y{hH$ à{ejU g§K{Q>V H$aUo qH$dm KoUo qH$dm Ë`mV gh^mJr hmoUogmR>r {ejm. 67
153-B. amï´>r` EH$mË‘Vocm ~mYH$ Ago Aä`mamon, ànmXZo. 67
154. OoWo ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md O‘Vmo Ë`m O{‘ZrMm ‘mcH$ qH$dm Vm~mYmaH$. 68
155. Á`mÀ`m {hVmW© X§Jm KS>dyZ AmUcm Agoc Ë`m Bg‘mMr {ejmnmÌVm. 68
156. Á`mÀ`m {hVmW© X§Jm KS>dyZ AmUcm Ë`m ‘mcH$mÀ`m qH$dm Vm~mYmaH$mÀ`m A{^H$Ë`m©Mr {ejmnmÌVm. 68
157. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmgmR>r Jmoim Ho$coë`m ^mS>moÌr ì`ŠVtZm Amgam XoUo. 68
158. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmV qH$dm X§½`mV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^mS>moÌr hmoUo,
qH$dm eóg‚m hmoD$Z OmUo. 68
12 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
159. X§Jc. 69
160. X§Jc H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 69
àH$aU 9 do
cmoH$godH$m§H$Sy>Z qH$dm Ë`m§À`mg§~§Yr KS>Umè`m AnamYm§{df`r
161. cmoH$godH$mZo nXr` H$m`m©À`m ~m~VrV d¡Y n[al{‘H$mhÿZ AÝ` n[aVmofU KoUo. 69
162. cmoH$godH$mda à^md nmS>Ê`mgmR>r ^«ï> qH$dm Ad¡Y ‘mJm©Zo n[aVmofU KoUo. 69
163. cmoH$godH$mda d¡`pŠVH$ à^md nmS>Ê`mgmR>r n[aVmofU KoUo. 69
164. H$c‘ 162 qH$dm 163 ‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m AnamYm§g cmoH$godH$mZo AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc {ejm. 69
165. cmoH$godH$mZo Ho$coë`m H$m`©dmhrV qH$dm ì`dhmamV {Z~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z
Aem cmoH$godH$mZo à{V’$cm{dZm ‘yë`dmZ dñVy {‘idUo. 69
165-A$. H$c‘ 161 qH$dm H$c‘ 165 ‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m AnamYm§Zm AnàoaUm XoÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 69
166. H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmohmoMdUmÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$ godH$mZo H$m`ÚmMr Adkm H$aUo. 69
166-A. cmoH$godH$mZo, H$m`ÚmZo {Xcoë`m {ZXoem§Mr Adkm H$aUo. 69
166-B. nr{S>V ì`ŠVrMm CnMma Z Ho$ë`m~Ôc {ejm. 70
167. jVr nmohmoMdUmÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$godH$mZo MwH$sÀ`m XñVEodOmMr ‘m§S>Ur H$aUo. 70
168. cmoH$godH$mZo ~oH$m`XoeranUo ì`mnmaY§Xm H$aUo. 70
169. cmoH$godH$mZo ~oH$m`XoeranUo ‘mc‘Îmm {dH$V KoUo qH$dm VrgmR>r ~mocr XoUo. 70
170. cmoH$godH$mMr ~VmdUr H$ê$Z VmoVò{Jar H$aUo. 70
171. cmoH$godH$ dmnaVmo Ver dXu qH$dm Vgo AmooiI{MÝh H$nQ>r CÔoemZo n[aYmZ H$aUo qH$dm Odi ~miJUo. 70
àH$aU 9 do-- H$
{ZdS>UwH$sg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
171-A$. C‘oXdma, {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$ `m§À`m ì`m»`m. 71
171-B. cmMcwMnV. 71
171-C. {ZdS>UwH$m§‘Üò J¡admOdr à^md nmS>Uo. 71
171-D. {ZdS>UwH$m§‘Üò VmoVò{Jar H$aUo. 72
171-E. cmMcwMnVr~Ôc {ejm. 72
171-F. {ZdS>UwH$sV J¡admOdr à^md nmS>Ê`m~Ôc qH$dm VmoVò{Jar H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 72
171-G>. {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m g§§~§YmV ImoQ>o H$WZ. 72
171-H. {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m g§§~§YmV Ad¡YnUo n¡go IM© H$aUo. 72
171-I. {ZdS>UwH$sMo {heo~ R>odÊ`mg MwH$Uo. 72
àH$aU 10 do
cmoH$godH$m§À`m H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mamÀ`m Ad‘mZm§{df`r
172. g‘ÝgMr ~OmdUr qH$dm BVa H$m`©dmhr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r ’$amar hmoUo. 73
173. g‘ÝgMr ~OmdUr qH$dm BVa H$m`©dmhr `mg à{V~§Y H$aUo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m àH$meZmcm à{V~§Y H$aUo. 73
174. cmoH$godH$mZo {Xcoë`m AmXoemZwgma CnpñWV Z amhUo. 73
174-A. gZ 1974 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$. 2 À`m H$c‘ 82 Imcrc CX²KmofUocm AZwgê$Z
CnpñWV amhÊ`mMo Q>miUo. 74
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 13
175. cmoH$godH$mH$S>o XñVEodO hOa H$aÊ`mg ~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo Vmo hOa H$aÊ`mMo Q>miUo. 74
176. cmoH$godH$mcm XIc qH$dm ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo Vr XoÊ`mMo Q>miUo. 74
177. ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr nwadUo. 74
178. enW KoÊ`mg qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$aÊ`mg cmoH$godH$mZo arVga ’$‘m©{dco AgVm Ë`mg ZH$ma XoUo. 75
179. àíZ {dMmaÊ`mg àm{YH¥$V Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mcm CÎma XoÊ`mg ZH$ma XoUo. 75
180. H$WZ ñdmj[aV H$aÊ`mg ZH$ma XoUo. 75
181. enW KoÊ`mg qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mg àm{YH¥$V Agcocm cmoH$godH$ qH$dm AÝ`
ì`ŠVr `m§À`mg‘moa enW KoD$Z qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$ê$Z ImooQ>o H$WZ H$aUo. 76
182. cmoH$godH$mcm Amnë`m H$m`Xoera A{YH$mamMm dmna Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmohmoMoc
AemàH$mao H$am`cm cmdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoUo. 76
183. cmoH$godH$mÀ`m H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mamÝdò ‘mc‘Îmm Vmã`mV KoVcr OmÊ`mg à{VH$ma H$aUo. 77
184. cmoH$godH$mÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò {dH«$sg H$mT>coë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m {dH«$scm AQ>H$md H$aUo. 77
185. cmoH$godH$mÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò ‘mc‘Îmm {dH«$sg H$mT>cr AgVm Ad¡YnUo Vr IaoXr H$aUo
qH$dm VrgmR>r ~mocr ~mocUo. 77
186. cmoH$godH$ gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`} nma nmS>rV AgVm Ë`mcm AQ>H$md H$aUo. 77
187. cmoH$godH$mcm gmhmæ` XoUo {d{YV: ~§YZH$maH$ AgVmZm gmhmæ` XoÊ`mMo Q>miUo. 77
188. cmoH$godH$mZo arVga Omar Ho$coë`m AmXoemMr Adkm. 77
189. cmoH$godH$mcm jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mMm YmH$. 78
190. cmoH$godH$mH$S>o g§ajUmgmR>r AO© H$aÊ`mnmgyZ EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm namd¥Îm amhÊ`m~Ôc
‘Z di{dÊ`mH$aVm jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mMm YmH$. 78
àH$aU 11 do
ImoQ>m nwamdm Am{U gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`m`mÀ`m {damoYr AnamY `m§{df`r
191. ImoQ>m nwamdm XoUo. 78
192. ImoQ>m nwamdm aMUo. 79
193. ImoQ>çm nwamì`m~Ôc {ejm. 79
194. XohmÝVX§S> AnamYm~Ôc Xmof{gÕr KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ImoQ>m nwamdm XoUo qH$dm aMUo.
Oa Ë`m`moJo {ZanamY ì`ŠVr {gÕXmof R>acr Am{U ’$mer Jocr Va. 80
195. AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm H$mamdmgm§À`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmof{gÕr KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ImoQ>m nwamdm XoUo qH$dm aMUo. 80
195-A. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm ImoQ>m nwamdm XoÊ`mgmR>r Y‘H$s XoUo qH$dm àd¥Îm H$aUo. 81
196. ImoQ>m Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Agcocm nwamdm dmnaUo. 81
197. ImoQ>o à‘mUnÌ XoUo qH$dm ñdmjarV H$aUo. 81
198. ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Agcoco à‘mUnÌ Iao åhUyZ dmnaUo. 81
199. Oo A{YH$WZ {d{YV: nwamdm åhUyZ ñdrH$m`© Amho Ë`mV Ho$coco ImoQ>o H$WZ. 81
200. Ago A{YH$WZ ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm Vo Iao åhUyZ dmnaUo. 81
201. AnamÜ`mcm dmMdÊ`mgmR>r AnamYmMm nwamdm Zmhrgm hmoÊ`mMr VO~rO
H$aUo qH$dm ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoUo 81
14 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
AnamY XohmÝVX§S> Agë`mg, 81
AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg. 82
Xhm dfmªhÿZ H$‘r H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg. 82
202. AnamYmMr ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miUo. 82
203. KS>coë`m AnamYm~m~V ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoUo. 82
204. H$moUVmhr XñVEodO nwamdm åhUyZ hOa Ho$cm OmD$ Zò `mgmR>r Vmo Zï> H$aUo. 82
205. Xmì`mVrc qH$dm IQ>ë`mVrc H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrÀ`m qH$dm H$m‘H$mOmÀ`m à`moOZmW© VmoVò{Jar H$aUo. 82
206. g‘nöV åhUyZ qH$dm hþHy$‘Zmå`mMr A§‘c~OmdUr åhUyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMo A{^J«hU hmoD$ Zò 83
`mgmR>r Vr H$nQ>rnUmZo hcdUo qH$dm cndUo.
207. g‘nöV åhUyZ qH$dm hþHy$‘Zmå`mMr A§‘c~OmdUr åhUyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMo A{^J«hU hmoD$ Zò
`mgmR>r H$nQ>rnUmZo {VÀ`mda Xmdm gm§JUo. 83
208. Xo` Zgcoë`m aH$‘ogmR>r H$nQ>rnUmZo hþHy$‘Zm‘m hmoD$ XoUo. 83
209. Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Ý`m`mc`mV ImoQ>m ‘mJUrh¸$ gm§JUo. 83
210. Xo` Zgcoë`m aH$‘ogmR>r H$nQ>rnUmZo hþHy$‘Zm‘m {‘idUo. 84
211. jVr nmohmoMÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AnamYmMm ImoQ>m Xmofmamon H$aUo. 84
212. AnamÜ`mcm Amgam XoUo 84
AnamY XohmÝVX§S> Agë`mg; 84
AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg. 84
213. AnamÜ`mcm {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mgmR>r XoUJr KoUo, B. 85
214. AnamÜ`mcm {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m à{V’$cmXmIc XoUJr XoD$ H$aUo qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aUo 85
215. Mmoarcm Jococr ‘mc‘Îmm naV {‘idÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r ‘XV H$aÊ`m~Ôc XoUJr KoUo, B. 86
216. hdmcVrVyZ nimcoë`m qH$dm Á`mÀ`m {Ja’$XmarMm AmXoe XoÊ`mV Amcm Amho Aem
AnamÜ`mcm Amgam XoUo 86
AnamY AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg; 86
216-A$. cwQ>mê$ qH$dm XamoS>oImoa `m§Zm Amgam {Xë`m~Ôc X§S>. 87
216-B. {Za{gV. 87
217. ì`ŠVrcm {ejonmgyZ qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmocm g‘nhaUmnmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$ godH$mZo
H$m`ÚmÀ`m {ZXoemMr Adkm H$aUo. 87
218. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm {ejonmgyZ qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmocm g‘nhaUmnmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$godH$mZo
MwH$sÀ`m A{^coImMr qH$dm coImMr ‘m§S>Ur H$aUo. 87
219. Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrV cmoH$godH$mZo ^«ï>Vmnyd©H$ ~oH$m`Xm Ahdmc XoUo, B. 88
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 15
220. àm{YH$ma Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo AmnU ~oH$m`Xm dmJV Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm
g§narjogmR>r gwnyX© H$aUo qH$dm ~§{XdmgmV nmR>dUo. 88
221. {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mg ~Õ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mZo {Ja’$Xmar H$aÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miUo. 88
222. {ejm XoemYrZ Agcoë`m qH$dm H$m`XoeranUo hdmcVrV nmR>dcoë`m ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma
H$aÊ`mg ~Õ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mZo {Ja’$Xmar H$aÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miUo. 88
223. cmoH$godH$mZo h`J`rZo ~§{XdmgmVyZ qH$dm hdmcVrVyZ niyZ OmD$ XoUo. 89
224. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo Amnë`m H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmarcm à{VH$ma qH$dm AQ>H$md H$aUo. 89
225. Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmarcm à{VH$ma qH$dm AQ>H$md H$aUo. 89
225-A$. Á`m§gmR>r AÝ`Wm Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zmhr Aem àH$aUmV, cmoH$godH$mZo {Ja’$Xmar H$aÊ`mMo
Q>miUo qH$dm niyZ OmD$ XoUo. 90
225-B. Á`m§gmR>r AÝ`Wm Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zmhr Aem àH$aUmV, H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmarcm à{VH$ma H$aUo
qH$dm niyZ OmUo qH$dm Ad¡YnUo gwQ>H$m H$aUo. 90
226. {Za{gV 91
227. {ejm-‘m’$sÀ`m eVuMm ^§J. 91
228. Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrV nrR>mgrZ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mMm CÔoenyd©H$ An‘mZ H$aUo qH$dm
Ë`mÀ`m H$m‘mV ì`Ë`` AmUUo. 91
228-A$. {dd{jV AnamYm§Zm ~ir nS>cocr ì`ŠVr H$moU Vo CKS> H$aUo, BË`mXr. 91
229. Á`yar-gXñ`mMr qH$dm Ý`m`ghm`H$mMr ~VmdUr H$ê$Z VmoVò{Jar H$aUo. 92
229-A$. Om{‘Zmda qH$dm ~§YnÌmda gmoS>coë`m ì`ŠVrZo Ý`m`mc`mV CnpñWV amhÊ`mV H$gya H$aUo. 92
àH$aU 12 do
ZmUr d emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ `mg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
230. ZmUo `mMr ì`m»`m. 92
^maVr` ZmUo. 92
231. ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo. 93
232. ^maVr` ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo. 93
233. ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mMo gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm {dH$Uo. 93
234. ^maVr` ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mMo gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm {dH$Uo. 93
235. ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r dmnaÊ`mH$aVm gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo; 93
^maVr` ZmUo Agoc Va. 93
236. ^maVm~mhoa ZmÊ`mMo ZH$crH$aU H$aÊ`mg ^maVm‘Üò AnàoaUm XoUo. 93
237. ZH$cr ZmÊ`mMr Am`mV qH$dm {Z`m©V. 93
238. ZH$cr ^maVr` ZmÊ`mMr Am`mV qH$dm {Z`m©V. 94
239. H$moUVohr ZmUo ZH$cr Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Vo gwnyX© H$aUo. 94
240. ^maVr` ZmUo ZH$cr Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Vo gwnyX© H$aUo. 94
241. EImXo ZmUo Iao åhUyZ gwnyX© H$aUo Vo Ooìhm àW‘ H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm gwnyX©H$mamcm
Vo ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Zgë`mg. 94
16 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
242. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo ZH$cr ZmUo H$ãOmV ~miJUo Vo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Vo ZH$cr
Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV Agë`mg. 94
243. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo ^maVr` ZmUo H$ãOmV ~miJUo. Vo ZmUo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Vo
ZH$cr Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV Agë`mg. 95
244. Q>mH$gmirV H$m‘mcm Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo H$m`ÚmZwgma R>acoë`mhÿZ {Zamù`m
dOZmMo qH$dm {‘lUmMo ZmUo KS>{dUo. 95
245. ZmUr ~ZdÊ`mMo gmYZ ~oH$m`XoeranUo Q>mH$gmirVyZ KoD$Z OmUo. 95
246. H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUo ZmÊ`mMo dOZ H$‘r H$aUo qH$dm {‘lU ~XcUo. 95
247. H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUo ^maVr` ZmÊ`mMo dOZ H$‘r H$aUo qH$dm {‘lU ~XcUo. 95
248. EImXo ZmUo {Zamù`m dU©ZmMo ZmUo åhUyZ InyZ Omdo `m CÔoemZo Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo ê$n ~XcUo. 95
249. ^maVr` ZmUo {Zamù`m dU©ZmMo ZmUo åhUyZ InyZ Omdo `m CÔoemZo Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo ê$n ~XcUo. 95
250. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm H$ãOmV ~miJcoco ZmUo gwnyX© H$aUo. 96
251. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm H$ãOmV ~miJcoco ^maVr` ZmUo gwnyX© H$aUo. 96
252. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcoco ZmUo EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo H$ãOmV ~miJUo-Vo ZmUo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm
Ë`mV ~Xc Ho$cm Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV Agë`mg. 96
253. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcoco ^maVr` ZmUo EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo H$ãOmV ~miJUo- Vo ZmUo H$ãOmV Amco
Voìhm Ë`mV ~Xc Ho$cm Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV Agë`mg. 96
254. EImXo ZmUo Añgc åhUyZ gwnyX© H$aUo Vo ZmUo n{hë`m§Xm H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm
Ë`mV ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amë`mMo gwnyX©H$mamcm ‘mhrV Zgë`mg. 96
255. emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo. 96
256. emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 97
257. emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm {dH$Uo. 97
258. ZH$cr emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$mMr {dH«$s. 97
259. ZH$cr emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 97
260. Omo ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Amho Agm emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ Añgc åhUyZ dmnaUo. 97
261. emgZmg hmZr nmohmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo, emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ cmdcoë`m nXmWm©darc
coI nwgyZ Q>mH$Uo qH$dm EImÚm XñVEodOmgmR>r dmnacocm ‘wÐm§H$ Ë`mdê$Z H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo. 97
262. Omo AmYr dmnaÊ`mV Amcocm Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Amho Agm emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ dmnaUo. 97
263. ‘wÐm§H$ dmnaÊ`mV Amcocm Agë`mMo Xe©dUmar IyU ImoSy>Z Q>mH$Uo. 98
263-A$. ImoQ>çm ‘wÐm§H$m§Zm ‘ZmB©. 98
àH$aU 13 do
dOZo d ‘mno `mg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
264. dOZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ImoQ>çm gmYZmMm H$nQ>nyU© dmna. 99
265. ImoQ>o dOZ qH$dm ‘mn `mMm H$nQ>nyU© dmna. 99
266. ImoQ>o dOZ qH$dm ‘mn H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 99
267. ImoQ>o dOZ qH$dm ‘mn ~ZdUo qH$dm {dH$Uo. 99
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 17
àH$aU 14 do
gmd©O{ZH$ Amamo½`, gwa{jVVm, gmo`, gä`Vm d Zr{V‘Îmm `m§Zm ~mYH$ Aem AnamYm§{df`r
268. gmd©O{ZH$ CnÐd. 99
269. Or{dVmg YmoH$mXm`H$ Agcoë`m amoJmMm g§gJ© ngadÊ`mMm g§§^d Agcocr h`J`rMr H¥$Vr. 99
270. Or{dVmg YmoH$mXm`H$ Agcoë`m amoJmMm g§gJ© ngadÊ`mMm g§^d Agcocr KmVH$s H¥$Vr. 99
271. n¥WH²$dmgmÀ`m {Z`‘mMr Adkm. 100
272. {dH«$sgmR>r Agcoë`m ImÚnXmWm©V qH$dm no`mV ôgi. 100
273. Anm`H$maH$ ImÚnXmWm©Mr qH$dm no`mMr {dH«$s. 100
274. Am¡fYrÐì`m§‘Üò ôgi. 100
275. ôgi`wŠV Am¡fYrÐì`m§Mr {dH«$s. 100
276. EImXo Am¡fYrÐì` doJio Am¡fYrÐì` qH$dm {gÕnXmW© åhUyZ {dH$Uo. 100
277. gmd©O{ZH$ Pè`mMo qH$dm Ocme`mMo nmUr KmU H$aUo. 101
278. dmVmdaU Amamo½`mg Cnm`H$maH$ H$aUo. 101
279. gmd©O{ZH$ añË`mda ~oXaH$manUo dmhZ hmH$Uo qH$dm gdmar H$aUo. 101
280. Oc`mZ ~oXaH$manUo MmcdUo. 101
281. ’$gdm àH$me, {MÝh qH$dm ~moOm XmIdUo. 101
282. ^mS>o KoD$Z EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Agwa{jV {§H§$dm OmXm ~moOm cmXcoë`m Oc`mZmVyZ Oc‘mJ} ZoUo. 101
283. gmd©O{ZH$ añË`mdarc qH$dm Zm¡H$mZ`Z ‘mJm©Vrc YmoH$m qH$dm AQ>H$md. 101
284. {dfmar nXmWm©~m~V h`J`rMo dV©Z. 101
285. AmJ qH$dm ÁdmcmJ«mhr nXmW© `m§À`m~m~V h`J`rMo dV©Z. 102
286. ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmWm©À`m~m~V h`J`rMo dV©Z. 102
287. `§Ìgm‘J«r~m~V h`J`rMo dV©Z. 102
288. B‘maVr nmS>Ê`m~m~V qH$dm XwéñV H$aÊ`m~m~V h`J`rMo dV©Z. 102
289. àmÊ`m~m~V h`J`rMo dV©Z. 102
290. Á`m§~m~V AÝ`Wm Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zmhr Ë`m àH$aUr gmd©O{ZH$ CnÐdm~Ôc {ejm. 102
291. CnÐd Wm§~dÊ`m~m~VÀ`m AmXoemZ§Vahr Vmo Mmcy R>odUo. 103
292. Aícrc nwñVHo$, B. Mr {dH«$s, B. 103
293. Aícrc dñVy VéU ì`ŠVrcm {dH$Uo, B. 104
294. Aícrc H¥$Vr d JmUr. 104
294-A$. cm°Q>ar H$m`m©c` R>odUo. 104
àH$aU 15 do
Y‘m©g§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
295. H$moUË`mhr dJm©À`m Y‘m©Mm An‘mZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo CnmgZm ñWmZmMo ZwH$gmZ H$aUo
qH$dm Vo An{dÌ H$aUo. 105
295-A$. H$moUË`mhr dJm©À`m Y‘m©Mm qH$dm Ym{‘©H$ lÕm§Mm An‘mZ H$ê$Z Ym{‘©H$ ^mdZm§da
AË`mMma H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ~wpÕnwañga d Xwï> CÔoemZo H¥$Vr H$aUo. 105
^mX§g-2
18 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
296. Ym{‘©H$ O‘mdmg ì`Ë`` AmUUo. 105
297. nwaÊ`mÀ`m OmJm, BË`mXr {R>H$mUr A{VH«$‘U. 105
298. Ym{‘©H$ ^mdZm XwImdÊ`mÀ`m ~wpÕnwañga CÔoemZo eãX CƒmaUo, B. 105
àH$aU 16 do
‘mZdr earamg ~mYH$ hmoUmè`m AnamYm§{df`r Or{dVmg ~mYH$ hmoUmè`m AnamYm§{df`r
299. gXmof ‘Zwî`dY. 106
300. IyZ. 106
gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm Ho$ìhm IyZ Zìho. 107
301. Á`m ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUUo CÔo{eV hmoVo Ë`mhÿZ AÝ` ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mZo gXmof ‘Zwî`dY. 109
302. IwZm~Ôc {ejm. 109
303. OÝ‘R>on-H¡$Úm§Zr Ho$coë`m IwZm~Ôc {ejm. 109
304. "IyZ' `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umè`m gXmof ‘Zwî`dYm~Ôc {ejm. 109
304-A. h`J`rZo ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoUo. 109
304-B. hþ§S>m~ir 109
305. ~mcH$mÀ`m qH$dm ^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVrÀ`m AmË‘hËòcm AnàoaUm XoUo. 110
306. AmË‘hËòcm AnàoaUm XoUo. 110
307. IwZmMm à`ËZ H$aUo. 110
OÝ‘R>on-H¡$Úm§Zr Ho$coco à`ËZ. 110
308. gXmof ‘Zwî`dY H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo. 110
309. AmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo. 111
310. R>J. 111
311. {ejm. 111
312. J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUUo. 111
313. órÀ`m g§‘Vr{edm` J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUUo. 111
314. J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$coë`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo 111
Vr H¥$Vr órÀ`m g§‘Vr{edm` Ho$cr Agë`mg. 111
315. ‘yc {Od§V OÝ‘mcm òÊ`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm OÝ‘mZ§Va Ë`mMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cocr H¥$Vr. 112
316. gXmof ‘Zwî`dY `m gXamV ‘moS>Umè`m H¥$VrÛmao, ñn§XZ nmdUmè`m AOmV
J^©OrdmMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUUo. 112
317. ~mam dfm©Imcrc ‘wcmcm Ë`mÀ`m AmB© dm ~mnmZo qH$dm {OÀ`mH$S>o Ë`mMr XoI^mc Amho
Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo CKS>çmda Q>mH$Uo Am{U Ë`mMm n[aË`mJ H$aUo. 112
318. ‘¥V XohmMr JwánUo {dëhodmQ> cmdyZ AnËÒÝ‘mMr cndUyH$ H$aUo. 112
XwImnVr{df`r
319. XwImnV. 112
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 19
320. O~a XwImnV. 112
321. BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 113
322. BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 113
323. BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmohmoMdÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 113
324. KmVH$ hË`mam§Zr qH$dm gmYZm§Zr BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 113
325. BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 113
326. KmVH$ hË`mam§Zr qH$dm gmYZm§Zr BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 114
326-A. A°{gS> B. Mm dmna H$ê$Z O~a XwImnV H$aUo. 114
326-B. ñdoÀN>oZo A°{gS> ’o$H$Uo qH$dm ’o$H$Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo. 114
327. ‘mc‘Îmm O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ad¡Y H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r
BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 114
328. AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {df, BË`mXrÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 115
329. ‘mc‘Îmm O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ad¡Y H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r
BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 115
330. H$~wcrO~m~ O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r AWdm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ
nmS>Ê`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 115
331. H$~wcrO~m~ O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r AWdm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r
BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 115
332. cmoH$godH$mcm Ë`mÀ`m H$V©ì`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 116
333. cmoH$godH$mcm Ë`mÀ`m H$V©ì`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 116
334. àjmo^H$maUm‘wio BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 116
335. àjmo^H$maUm‘wio BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 116
336. BVam§Mo Or{dV qH$dm ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV AmUUmar H¥$Vr. 116
337. BVam§Mo Or{dV qH$dm ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV AmUUmè`m H¥$VrZo XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 116
338. BVam§Mo Or{dV qH$dm ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV AmUUmè`m H¥$VrZo O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo. 117
J¡a {ZamoY Am{U J¡a n[aamoY `m§{df`r
339. J¡a {ZamoY. 117
340. J¡a n[aamoY. 117
341. J¡a {ZamoYm~Ôc {ejm. 117
342. J¡a n[aamoYm~Ôc {ejm. 117
343. VrZ {Xdg qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi J¡a n[aamoY. 117
344. Xhm {Xdg qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi J¡a n[aamoY. 117
345. {OÀ`m ‘wŠVVogmR>r àm{YcoI H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm Agoc Aem ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$ê$Z R>odUo. 118
346. Jwá ñWir J¡a n[aamoY. 118
347. ‘mc‘Îmm O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ad¡Y H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r J¡a n[aamoY. 118
348. H$~wcrO~m~ O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r AWdm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r J¡a n[aamoY. 118
20 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Am{U h‘cm `m§{df`r
349. ~cà`moJ. 118
350. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ. 119
351. h‘cm. 120
352. J§^ra àjmo^H$maU ZgVmZm Eaìhr h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 120
353. cmoH$godH$mcm Ë`mMo H$V©ì` nma nmS>Ê`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo namd¥ËV H$aÊ`mgmR>r h‘cm qH$dm 121
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo.
354. órMm {dZ`^§J H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {VÀ`mda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo. 121
354-A. c¢{JH$ gVmdUyH$ d c¢{JH$ gVmdUwH$sgmR>r {ejm. 121
354-B. órcm {ddó H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVwZo {VÀ`mda h„m H$aUo. 121
354-C$. Mmoê$Z Aícrc {MÌU H$aUo. 122
354-D. Nw>nm nmR>cmJ H$aUo. 122
355. J§^ra àjmo^H$maU ZgVmZm Eaìhr, EImÚm ì`ŠVrMr ‘mZhmZr H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo h‘cm
qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo. 123
356. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo Odi ~miJcoë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmZm h‘cm
qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo. 123
357. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmZm h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo. 123
358. J§^ra àjmo^H$maUmdê$Z h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo. 123
AnZ`Z, AnhaU, Jwcm‘{Jar d doR>{~Jma `m§{df`r
359. AnZ`Z 123
360. ^maVmVyZ AnZ`Z H$aUo. 123
361. H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ AnZ`Z H$aUo. 123
362. AnhaU. 124
363. AnZ`Zm~Ôc {ejm. 124
363-A$. ^rH$ ‘mJÊ`mgmR>r AkmZ ì`ŠVrMo AnZ`Z H$aUo qH$dm {Vcm {dH$cm§J H$aUo. 124
364. IyZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r AnZ`Z H$aUo qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo. 124
364-A. I§S>Ur dJ¡aoH$[aVm Mmoê$Z ZoUo. 125
365. JwánUo d J¡anUo EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm n[aéÕ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm {VMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo. 125
366. {ddmh, BË`mXrMr gŠVr H$aÊ`mgmR>r órMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo qH$dm {Vcm àcmo{^V H$aUo. 125
366-A$. AkmZ ‘wcJr AZ¡{VH$ H¥$Ë`mgmR>r {‘idUo. 125
366-B. naH$s` XoemVyZ ‘wcrMr Am`mV H$aUo. 126
367. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm O~a XwImnV nmohmoMdUo, {Vcm Jwcm‘ ~ZdUo, BË`mXtgmR>r {VMo AnZ`Z
qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo. 126
368. AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo cndUo qH$dm n[aéÕ H$ê$Z R>odUo. 126
369. Xhm dfm©Imcrc ~mcH$mÀ`m A§Jmdarc ‘mc‘Îmm MmoaÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
Ë`mMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo. 126
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 21
370. ì`ŠVtMm Anì`mnma H$aUo. 126
370-A. Anì`mnma Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrMr {nidUyH$. 127
371. Jwcm‘m§Mm {ZËè: ì`dhma H$aUo. 127
372. doí`mì`dgm`, BË`mXr à`moOZmW© AkmZ ì`ŠVrMr {dH«$s H$aUo. 127
373. doí`mì`dgm`, BË`mXr à`mooOZmW© AkmZ ì`ŠVrMr IaoXr H$aUo. 128
374. ~oH$m`Xoera doR>{~Jmar. 128
c¢{JH$ AnamYm§{df`r
375. ~cmËH$ma. 129
376. ~cmËH$mam~Ôc {ejm. 130
376-A. nr{S>V ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU R>aUo qH$dm {VMr {Q>Hy$Z amhUmar dZñnVrdV
AdñWm hmoÊ`mV n`©dgmZ hmoUo `mgmR>r {ejm. 131
376-B. ’$maH$VrÀ`m H$mimV nVrMm nËZrer c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘. 131
376-C$. àm{YH$mar ì`ŠVrZo c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘ H$aUo. 131
376-D>. gm‘y{hH$ ~cmËH$ma. 132
376-E. AnamYmMr nwZamd¥Îmr Pmë`mg {ejm. 132
AZ¡g{J©H$ AnamYm§{df`r
377. AZ¡g{J©H$ AnamY. 132
àH$aU 17 do
‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m {damoYr AnamYm§{df`r, Mmoar{df`r
378. Mmoar. 133
379. Mmoar~Ôc {ejm. 135
380. amhVo Ka, BË`mXrVrc Mmoar. 135
381. H$maHw$ZmZo qH$dm MmH$amZo ‘mcH$mÀ`m H$ãOmVrc ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Mmoar H$aUo. 135
382. Mmoar H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘¥Ë`y, XwImnV qH$dm {ZamoY KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Mmoar H$aUo. 135
~cmX²J«hUm{df`r
383. ~cmX²J«hU. 135
384. ~cmX²J«hUm~Ôc {ejm. 136
385. ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mMr ^rVr KmcUo. 136
386. EImÚm ì`ŠVrg ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV `m§Mr ^rVr KmcyZ ~cmX²J«hU H$aUo. 136
387. ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV `m§Mr ^rVr KmcUo. 136
388. ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm AmOrd H$mamdmg, BË`mXr {ejm§g nmÌ Aem AnamYmMm Amamon H$aÊ`mMr
Y‘H$s XoD$Z ~cmX²J«hU H$aUo. 136
389. ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm {VZo AnamY Ho$ë`mMm Amamon H$aÊ`mMr ^rVr KmcUo. 136
O~ar Mmoar d XamoS>m
390. O~ar Mmoar. 137
Mmoar hr O~ar Mmoar Ho$ìhm R>aVo. 137
~cmX²J«hU ho Ho$ìhm O~ar Mmoar R>aVo. 137
22 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
391. XamoS>m. 136
392. O~ar Mmoar~Ôc {ejm. 138
393. O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo. 138
394. O~ar Mmoar H$aVmZm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV H$aUo. 138
395. XamoS>çm~Ôc {ejm. 138
396. IwZmg{hV XamoS>m. 138
397. ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmg{hV O~ar Mmoar qH$dm XamoS>m. 138
398. àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer g‚m AgVmZm O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm XamoS>m KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo. 138
399. XamoS>m KmcÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$aUo. 138
400. XamoS>oImoam§À`m Q>moirn¡H$s Agë`m~Ôc {ejm. 138
401. Mmoam§À`m Q>moirn¡H$s Agë`m~Ôc {ejm. 138
402. XamoS>m KmcÊ`mgmR>r EH$Ì O‘Uo. 138
‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Anhmam{df`r
403. ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Aàm‘m{UH$ Anhma. 139
404. ‘¥V ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg‘`r {VÀ`m H$ãOmV Agcoë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Anhma. 140
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§Jm{df`r
405. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J. 140
406. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§Jm~Ôc {ejm. 142
407. n[admhH$, BË`mXtZr Ho$cocm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J. 142
408. H$maHw$ZmZo qH$dm MmH$amZo Ho$cocm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J. 142
409. cmoH$godH$mZo AWdm ~±H$ì`dgm`r, ì`mnmar qH$dm A{^H$Vm© `mZo Ho$cocm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J. 142
MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maÊ`m{df`r
410. MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm. 142
411. Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maUo. 142
412. XamoS>m KmcVmZm Mmoacocr ‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ñdrH$maUo. 142
413. MmoarÀ`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm {ZËè: ì`dhma H$aUo. 143
414. MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm cndyZ R>odÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r gmhmæ` H$aUo. 143
R>H$dUwH$s{df`r
415. R>H$dUyH$. 143
416. VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$. 144
417. R>H$dUyH$ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 144
418. {OÀ`m {hVg§~§YmMo g§ajU H$aÊ`mg AnamYr ~Õ Amho Aem ì`ŠVrcm
n[aUm‘r J¡ahmZr nmohmoMy eHo$c Aem Om{UdoZo R>H$dUyH$ H$aUo. 144
419. VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 145
420. R>H$dUyH$ H$aUo Am{U ‘mc‘ÎmoMr gwnyX©Jr H$aÊ`mg Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aUo. 145
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 23
‘mc‘ÎmoMo H$nQ>nyU© {dcoI Am{U {dëhodmQ> `m{df`r
421. ‘mc‘ÎmoMr YZH$m|‘Üò {d^mJUr, Á`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm
H$nQ>rnUmZo hc{dUo qH$dm cn{dUo. 145
422. YZH$m|Zm F$U CncãY hmoD$ XoÊ`mg Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo à{V~§Y H$aUo. 145
423. à{V’$cm~m~VMo ImoQ>o H$WZ A§V^y©V AgUmao hñVm§VaUnÌ Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm
H$nQ>rnUmZo {Zînm{XV H$aUo. 145
424. ‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo hc{dUo qH$dm cndyZ R>odUo. 145
AmJ{iH$s{df`r
425. AmJirH$. 146
426. AmJ{iH$s~Ôc {ejm. 146
427. nÞmg énò BVŠ`m aH$‘oMo ZwH$gmZ H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo. 146
428. Xhm énò {H$‘VrÀ`m OZmdam§g R>ma ‘mê$Z qH$dm {dH$cm§J H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo. 147
429. {H$Vrhr {H$‘VrMr JwaoT>moao BË`mXtZm qH$dm nÞmg énò {H$‘VrÀ`m OZmdamg
R>ma ‘mê$Z qH$dm {dH$cm§J H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo. 147
430. nmQ>~§Ymè`m§À`m H$m‘mMr Iam~r H$ê$Z qH$dm J¡anUo nmÊ`mMr {Xem ~XcyZ AmJirH$ H$aUo. 147
431. gmd©O{ZH$ añVm, nyc, ZXr qH$dm H$mcdm `m§Mr Iam~r H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo. 147
432. gmd©O{ZH$ {ZMam-JQ>mao ZwH$gmZH$maH$ hmoB©c AemàH$mao ^ê$Z dmhÿ XoD$Z qH$dm
Ë`mV AS>Wim {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo. 147
433. XrnJ¥h qH$dm gmJar YmoŠ`mMr {ZemUr Zï> H$ê$Z, Vr hcdyZ qH$dm Ë`mMr
Cn`wŠVVm H$‘r H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo. 147
434. gmd©O{ZH$ àm{YH$aUmZo cmdcoco gr‘m{MÝh Zï> H$ê$Z, hcdyZ, BË`mXr àH$mao AmJirH$ H$aUo. 147
435. e§â én`m§À`m ‘`m©Xon`ªV AWdm (eoV‘mcmÀ`m ~m~VrV) Xhm én`m§À`m ‘`m©Xon`ªV
ZwH$gmZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {dñVd qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÛmao AmJirH$ H$aUo. 148
436. Ka, BË`mXr Zï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {dñVd qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÛmao AmJirH$ H$aUo. 148
437. ‘Ocr Oc`mZ qH$dm 20 Q>Z ~maXmZ âcoco Oc`mZ Zï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm
Agwa{jV H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AmJirH$ H$aUo. 148
438. {dñVd qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÛmao Ho$coë`m H$c‘ 437 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coë`m AmJ{iH$s~Ôc {ejm. 148
439. Mmoar, BË`mXr H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Oc`mZ CWi nmUr Agcoë`m O{‘ZrV qH$dm {H$Zmè`mda
CÔoenyd©H$ Kwgdë`m~Ôc {ejm. 148
440. ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Ho$cocr AmJirH$. 148
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘Um{df`r
441. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U. 148
442. J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aUo. 149
443. MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U. 149
444. amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aUo. 149
445. Ka’$moS>r. 149
24 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
446. amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r H$aUo. 150
447. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘Um~Ôc {ejm. 150
448. J¥h-A{VH«$‘Um~Ôc {ejm. 150
449. ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U. 150
450. AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U. 150
451. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U. 151
452. XwImnV, h‘cm qH$dm J¡a{ZamoY H$aÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Z§Va J¥h-A{VH«$‘U. 151
453. MmoaQ>çm J¥h-A{VH«$‘Um~Ôc qH$dm Ka’$moS>r~Ôc {ejm. 151
454. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r. 151
455. XwImnV, h‘cm qH$dm J¡a{ZamoY H$aÊ`mMr nyd© V`mar H$ê$Z Z§Va MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r. 151
456. amÌrÀ`m doir Ho$coë`m MmoaQ>çm J¥h-A{VH«$‘Um~Ôc qH$dm Ka’$moS>r~Ôc {ejm. 151
457. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o
J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r. 151
458. XwImnV, h‘cm qH$dm J¡a{ZamoY H$aÊ`mMr nyd© V`mar H$éZ Z§Va amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o
J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r. 151
459. MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r H$aVmZm O~a XwImnV H$aUo. 151
460. amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r H$aÊ`mV g§`wŠVnUo {Z~Õ Agcoë`m§n¡H$s
EH$m ì`ŠVrZo ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUë`mg qH$dm O~a XwImnV Ho$ë`mg Ë`m~m~VrV gd© ì`ŠVr {ejmnmÌ. 152
461. AmV‘Üò ‘mc‘Îmm Agcoco nmÌ Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ’$moSy>Z CKS>Uo. 152
462. {OÀ`mH$S>o A{âjoMo H$m‘ gmondco Amho Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Agm AnamY Ho$cm AgVm Ë`m~Ôc {ejm. 152
àH$aU 18 do
XñVEodO Am{U ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝho `mg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
463. ~ZmdQ>rH$aU. 152
464. ImoQ>m XñVEodO ~ZdUo. 152
465. ~ZmdQ>rH$aUm~Ôc {ejm. 155
466. Ý`m`mc`rZ A{^coI qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ Zm|XnwñVH$, B. Mo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU. 155
467. ‘yë`dmZ² amoIm, ‘¥Ë`wnÌ, B. Mo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU. 155
468. R>H$dUyH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~ZmdQ>rH$aU. 156
469. cm¡{H$H$mg ~mY AmUÊ`mgmR>r ~ZmdQ>rH$aU. 156
470. ~ZmdQ> XñVEodO. 156
471. ~ZmdQ> XñVEodO Iam åhUyZ dmnaUo. 156
472. H$c‘ 467 AÝdò {ejmnmÌ Agcoco ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ZH$cr ‘mohmoa,
BË`mXr ~ZdUo qH$dm H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 156
473. AÝ`Wm {ejmnmÌ Agcoco ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ZH$cr ‘mohmoa,
BË`mXr ~ZdUo qH$dm H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 156
474. H$c‘ 466 qH$dm 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$cocm XñVEodO Vmo ~ZmdQ> Agë`mMo
‘mhrV AgVmZm, Vmo Iam åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 156
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 25
475. H$c‘ 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coco XñVEodO A{Yà‘m{UV H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaco OmUmao
~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo qH$dm Aer ZH$cr {MÝhmZo A§{H$V gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 157
476. H$c‘ 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coë`mhÿZ AÝ` XñVEodO A{Yà‘m{UV H$aÊ`mgmR>r
dmnaco OmUmao ~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo qH$dm Aer ZH$cr {MÝhmZo
A§{H$V gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 157
477. H$nQ>rnUmZo ‘¥Ë`wnÌ, XÎmH$ KoÊ`mg§~§YrMo àm{YH$manÌ qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ² amoIm ImoSy>Z
aÔ H$aUo, Vmo Zï> H$aUo BË`mXr. 157
477-A$. ImoQ>o {heo~ V`ma H$aUo. 157
ñdm{‘Ëd{df`H$ d BVa {MÝho `m§{df`r
478. {Za{gV. 158
479. ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh. 158
480. {Za{gV. 158
481. ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh dmnaUo. 158
482. ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh dmnaÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 158
483. Xwgè`mZo dmnaco Agoc Vgo ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo. 158
484. cmoH$godH$mZo dmnacoco {MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo. 158
485. ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVohr gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 159
486. ZH$cr ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝhmZo A§{H$V Agcocm ‘mc {dH$Uo. 159
487. Á`mÀ`m AmV ‘mc Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr nmÌmda ImoQ>o {MÝh H$aUo. 159
488. Aem H$moUË`mhr ImoQ>çm {MÝhmMm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. 159
489. jVr nmohmoMÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝhm~m~V J¡a’o$a H$aUo. 159
McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m `m{df`r
489-A$. McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo. 160
489-B. ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m Iè`m åhUyZ dmnaUo. 160
489-C. ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 160
489-D. McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmYZo qH$dm
gm‘J«r ~ZdUo qH$dm H$ãOmV ~miJUo. 160
489-E> McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m `m§gmaIo {XgUmao XñVEodO ~ZdUo qH$dm dmnaUo. 160
àH$aU 19 do
godm-g§{dXm§À`m ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ^§Jm{df`r
490. {Za{gV 161
491. Aghm` ì`ŠVrMr XoI^mc H$aUo d {VÀ`m JaOm nwadUo `m§~m~VÀ`m g§{dXoMm ^§J. 161
492. {Za{gV. 161
àH$aU 20 do
{ddmhmg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
493. EImÚm nwéfmZo H$m`Xoera {ddmh Pmë`mMm g‘O c~mS>rZo {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z
Xm§nË`^mdmZo ghdmg KS>dyZ AmUUo. 161
26 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
494. nVr qH$dm nËZr h`mV AgVmZmÀ`m H$mimV nwÝhm {ddmh H$aUo. 161
495. Á`m ì`ŠVr~amo~a Z§VaMm {ddmh Pmcm Agoc {VÀ`mnmgyZ nyduÀ`m {ddmhmMr
dñVwpñWVr cndë`mZo VmoM AnamY KS>Vmo. 162
496. H$m`Xoera {ddmh Z H$aVm H$nQ>rnUmZo Amncm {ddmh-g§ñH$ma H$ê$Z KoUo. 162
497. naJ‘Z. 162
498. JwÝhoJmar CÔoemZo {ddm{hV órg ^wai nmSy>Z ZoUo qH$dm nidyZ ZoUo qH$dm AS>H$dyZ R>odUo. 162
àH$aU 20 -A$
nVrZo qH$dm nVrÀ`m ZmVodmB©H$m§Zr H«y$a dmJUyH$ XoÊ`m{df`r
498-A$. EImÚm órÀ`m nVrZo qH$dm nVrÀ`m ZmVodmB©H$m§Zr {Vcm H«y$a dmJUyH$ XoUo. 162
àH$aU 21 do
A~«yZwH$gmZr{df`r
499. A~«yZwH$gmZr 163
cmoH${hVmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Aem Iè`m Jmoï>rMm Aä`mamon H$aUo qH$dm Vr àH$m{eV H$aUo. 163
cmoH$godH$m§Mo gmd©O{ZH$ dV©Z. 163
H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$ àíZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMo dV©Z. 163
Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m H$m`©dmhrMr à{Vd¥Îmo àH$m{eV H$aUo. 164
Ý`m`mc`mV {Z{U©V Pmcoë`m IQ>ë`mMo JwUmdJwU qH$dm gmjrXmam§Mo Am{U BVa g§~§{YVm§Mo dV©Z. 164
Omhra Am{dîH¥$VrMo JwUmdJwU. 164
Xwgè`mda H$m`Xoera hþHy$‘V Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo gX²^mdnyd©H$ {Z^©ËgZm H$aUo. 165
àm{YH¥$V ì`ŠVrH$S>o gX²^mdnyd©H$ Amamon gmXa H$aUo. 165
EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo ñdV:À`m qH$dm BVam§À`m {hVg§~§Ym§Mo g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocm Aä`mamon. 165
EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm {VMo {hV H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm cmoH${hV gmYÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo gmdYmZ-gyMZm XoUo. 166
500. A~«yZwH$gmZr~Ôc {ejm. 166
501. A~«yZwH$gmZrH$maH$ Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Agcoco gm{hË` N>mnUo qH$dm H$moaUo. 166
502. A~«yZwH$gmZrH$maH$ gm{hË` A§V^y©V Agcocm N>mnrc qH$dm H$moard nXmW© {dH$Uo. 166
àH$aU 22 do
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em H$aUo, An‘mZ H$aUo Am{U Ìmg XoUo `m§{df`r
503. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em. 166
504. em§VVm^§J KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo An‘mZ H$aUo. 166
505. gmd©O{ZH$ AmJirH$ hmoÊ`mg gmYH$ Aer {dYmZo. 167
dJm©dJm©‘Üò eÌwËd, Ûof^md qH$dm Xwï>mdm {Z‘m©U H$aUmar qH$dm dmT>dUmar {dYmZo. 167
CnmgZmñWmZ, BË`mXr {R>H$mUr Ho$cocm nmoQ>H$c‘ (2) Imcrc AnamY. 167
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 27
506. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em~Ôc {ejm. 168
‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUUo BË`mXrMr Y‘H$s Agë`mg. 168
507. {ZZmdr g§XoemÛmao ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em. 168
508. EImXr ì`ŠVr X¡dr àH$monmMm {df` hmoB©c Agm {VMm g‘O H$ê$Z XoD$Z KS>dcocr H¥$Vr. 168
509. órMm {dZ`^§J H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo eãXmoƒma, hmd^md qH$dm H¥$Vr H$aUo. 168
510. ZemnmUr Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrZo gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr Ho$coco J¡adV©Z. 168
àH$aU 23 do
AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm§{df`r
511. AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm AÝ` H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoco AnamY
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`m~Ôc {ejm. 169
eãXgyMr 170
28 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860

(gZ 1860 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$‘m§H$ 45)1
[6 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 1860]>
àH$aU 1 co
àñVmdZm
àmñVm{dH$m.- Á`mAWu, 2[^maVmH$[aVm]> EH$ gd©gmYmaU X§S> g§{hVm Cn~§{YV H$aUo g‘`mo{MV Amho; Ë`mAWu nwT>rcà‘mUo
A{Y{Z`{‘V H$aÊ`mV òV Amho :-
1. g§{hVoMo Zmd d `m {VÀ`m àdV©ZmMm {dñVma.- `m A{Y{Z`‘mg "^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm' Ago åhQ>co OmB©c Am{U
3
[Ë`mMm {dñVma 4[Oå‘y d H$mí‘ra amÁ` IoarOH$ê$Z]> g§nyU© ^maVmda]> Agoc.
2. ^maVmV Ho$boë`m AnamYm§~Ôb {ejm.- àËòH$ ì`ŠVr `m g§{hVoÀ`m Cn~§Ym§Zm {damoYr Aem Á`m H¥$Vr~Ôc qH$dm
AH¥$Vr~Ôc Vr 5* * * 6[^maVmV]> Xmofr Agoc Ë`m àËòH$ H¥$Vr~Ôc qH$dm AH¥$Vr~Ôc `m g§{hVoImcr {ejog nmÌ hmoB©c,
AÝ`Wm Zmhr.
1. "^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm' hm A{Y{Z`‘ "dèhmS> {dYr A{Y{Z`‘, 1941' (1941 Mm) `mÛmao dèhmS>da {dñVm[aV H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho d
g§Wmi naJÊ`m§‘Üò "g§Wmi naJUo O‘m~§Xr {d{Z`‘, 1872' (1872 Mm 3)- H$c‘ 2 Ûmao;
n§W {nncmoX‘Üò "n§W {nncmoX {dYr {d{Z`‘, 1929' (1929 Mm 1)-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao;
Im|S>‘mi {Oëøm‘Üò "Im|S>‘mi {dYr {d{Z`‘, 1936' (1936 Mm 4)-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao; Am{U
A§Jwc {Oëøm‘Üò "A§Jwc {dYr {d{Z`‘, 1936' (1936 Mm 5)-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao,
A§‘cmV Amë`mMo Kmo{fV H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho.
"AZwgy{MV {Oëho A{Y{Z`‘, 1874' (1874 Mm 14) H$c‘ 3 (H²$) Imcr hm A{Y{Z`‘ nwT>rc AZwgy{MV {Oëøm§‘Üò A§‘cmV
Amë`mMo Kmo{fV H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho, Vo åhUOo g§`wŠV àm§V VamB© {Oëho-^maVmMo amOnÌ, 1876, ^mJ 1 cm, n¥ð> 505; hOmar~mJ,
cmohaXmJ (AmVmMm am§Mr {Oëhm) H$cH$Îmm amOnÌ, 1899, ^mJ 1 cm, n¥ð> 44 nhm; Am{U ‘mZ^y‘ d naJUm Xmc^y‘ Am{U qgh^y‘
{OëømVrc H$moëhmU-^maVmMo amOnÌ, 1881, ^mJ 1 cm, n¥ð> 504.
Ë`mM A{Y{Z`‘mÀ`m H$c‘ 5 Imcr hm A{Y{Z`‘ cwemB© Q>oH$S>çm§da {dñVm[aV H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho.--nhm, ^maVmMo amOnÌ, 1898,
^mJ 2 am, n¥ð> 345.
1962 Mm {d{Z`‘ 12-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao Jmodm, X‘U d Xrd `m§da;
1963 Mm {d{Z`‘ 6-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr 1 cr `mÛmao XmXa d ZJahdocr `m§da;
1963 Mm {d{Z`‘ 7-H$c‘ 3 Am{U AZw g y M r 1 cr `mÛmao nm± S >o M o a rda Am{U 1965 Mm {d{Z`‘
8-H$c‘ 3 Am{U AZwgyMr `mÛmao cIXrd, {‘{ZH$m°` d A‘rZXrdr `m ~oQ>m§da hm A{Y{Z`‘ {dñVm[aV H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho.
2. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "{~«{Q>e
B§{S>`mH$aVm' `m eãXm§EodOr darc eãX KmVco.
3.. H«$‘e: 1891 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 12-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr 1 cr, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937;
AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1948 Am{U AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 `mÛmao ‘yi eãX darcà‘mUo {demo{YV H$aÊ`mV Amcoco AmhoV.
4. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "^mJ I amÁò IoarOH$ê$Z' `mEodOr KmVco.
5. 1891 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 12-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr 1 cr `mÛmao "CŠV 1 ‘o, 1861 amoOr qH$dm Ë`mZ§Va' hm ‘OHy$a {Za{gV Ho$cm.
6. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{YZ`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d
AZwgyMr `mÛmao "CŠV amÁ`joÌo' hm ‘yi eãXmo„oI darcà‘mUo {demo{YV H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Amho.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 29
3. Oo AnamY ^maVm~mhoa Ho$coco AgVrc nU Á`m§Mr H$m`ÚmZwgma ^maVmV g§narjm H$aVm òB©c Aem AnamYm~Ôc
{ejm.- 1[^maVm~mhoa]> Ho$coë`m AnamYm~Ôc 2[H$moUË`mhr ^maVr` H$m`ÚmZwgma]> g§narjm Ho$cr OmÊ`mg nmÌ Agcoë`m
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda {VZo 1[^maVm~mhoa]> Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr H¥$Vr~Ôc OUy H$mhr Aer H¥$Vr 3[^maVm‘Üò]> Ho$cocr hmoVr Ago
g‘OyZ `m g§{hVoÀ`m Cn~§YmZwgma H$madmB© Ho$cr OmB©c.
4
[4. g§{hVoMr amÁ`joÌmVrV à`wŠVr.- naH$s` joÌmVrc JwÝhçmg ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm cmJy AgUo -
`m g§{hVoÀ`m VaVwXr nwT>rc ì`ŠVtZr Ho$coë`m AnamYm§Zm cmJy AgVrc-
5
[(1) ^maVmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ZmJ[aH$mZo ^maVmIoarO Am{U ^maVm~mhoarc H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUr Ho$cocm AnamY.
(2) H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo ^maVmV Zm|XUr Ho$coë`m OhmOmda qH$dm {d‘mZmV ‘J Vo H$moR>ohr AgVmZm Agmo Ho$cocm
AnamY;
7
[(3) H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo ^maVmIoarO Am{U ^maVm~mhoarc H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUmhÿZ ^maVmV ñWm{nV Agcoë`m g§JUH$
gmYZgm‘J«rcm cú` R>adyZ Ho$cocm AnamY.]>
7
[ñnï>rH$aU … `m H$c‘mV
(a) "AnamY' `m eãXm‘Üò Or H¥$Vr ^maVmV Ho$cr AgVr Va `m g§{hVoAÝdò {ejog nmÌ R>acr AgVr Aem
àH$maÀ`m ^maVm~mhoa Ho$coë`m àËòH$ H¥$VrMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo;
(b) "g§JUH$ gmYZgm‘J«r' `m g§kocm ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ A{Y{Z`‘, 2000 `mÀ`m H$c‘ 2 À`m nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) À`m I§S>
(k) ‘Üò Omo AW© Zo‘yZ {Xcm Agoc VmoM AW© Agoc.]>
8
[CXmhaU]>
9
*** "H$'$ 10[hm 11[^maVmMm ZmJ[aH$]> AgyZ `wJm§S>m‘Üò IyZ H$aVmo. 12[^maVmV] OoWo Vmo gmnS>oc Aem H$moUË`mhr
ñWir IwZm~Ôc Ë`mMr g§narjm d Xmof{gÕr Ho$cr OmD$ eH$Vo.
13
* * * *]
1. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3--H$c‘ 3 d
AZwgyMr `mÛmao "CŠV amÁ`joÌm§À`m ‘`m©Xm§À`m ~mhoa' ho ‘yi eãX darcà‘mUo {demo{YV H$aÊ`mV Amcoco AmhoV.
2. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 `mÛmao "JìhZ©a OZac Am°’$ B§{S>`m-BZ H$m¡pÝgc `m§Zo g§‘V Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmZwgma' `mEodOr
KmVco.
3. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3--H$c‘ 3 d
AZwgyMr `mÛmao "CŠV amÁ`joÌo' ho ‘yi eãX eãXmo„oI darcà‘mUo {demo{YV H$aÊ`mV Amcoco AmhoV.
4. 1898 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 4-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr KmVco.
5. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao I§S> (1) Vo (4) `m§À`mEodOr KmVco.
6. ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ (gwYmaUm) A{Y{Z¶‘, 2008 (2009 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 10) H$b‘ 51 AÝd¶o hm ‘OHy$a XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambm.
7. ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ (gwYmaUm) A{Y{Z¶‘, 2008 (2009 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 10) H$b‘ 51 AÝd¶o hm ‘OHy$a ~Xbr XmIb H$aÊ¶mV
Ambm.
8. 1957 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr 2ar `mÛmao "CXmhaUo'o `mEodOr KmVco.
9. {H$Îmm-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr 2 ar `mÛmao "(a)' ho Aja Jmico.
10. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 `mÛmao "Zo{Q>ìh B§{S>`mMm àOmOZ Agcocm h‘mc' `mEodOr KmVco.
11. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 `mÛmao "^maVr` A{Ydmg Agcocm {~«{Q>e àOmOZ' `mEodOr KmVco.
12. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m'
hm eãXmo„oI darcà‘mUo {demo{YV H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Amho.
13. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao CXmhaUo (b), (c) d (d) Jmicr.
30 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
1
[5. {dd{jV H$m`Úm§da `m A{Y{Z`‘mMm n[aUm‘ hmoUma Zmhr.- ^maV gaH$maÀ`m godoVrc A{YH$mar, ^yg¡{ZH$,
Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$ `m§À`m ~§S>m~Ôc qH$dm niyZ OmÊ`m~Ôc {ejm H$aÊ`m~m~VÀ`m H$moUË`mhr A{Y{Z`‘mÀ`m Cn~§Ym§da
AWdm H$moUË`mhr {deof qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m Cn~§Ym§da `m A{Y{Z`‘m‘Üò A§V^y©V Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>r‘wio
n[aUm‘ hmoUma Zmhr.]>
àH$aU 2 ao
gd©gmYmaU ñnï>rH$aUo
6. g§{hVoVrc ì`m»`m AndmXm§g AYrZ g‘Omd`mÀ`m.- `m g§{hVoV gd©Ì àËòH$ AnamYmMr ì`m»`m, àËòH$
X§S>{df`H$ Cn~§Y d Aem àËòH$ ì`m»òMo qH$dm X§S>{df`H$ Cn~§YmMo àËòH$ CXmhaU hr, ""gd©gmYmaU AndmX'' `m ZmdmÀ`m
àH$aUmV Oo AndmX A§V^y©V AmhoV Ë`m§Mr Aem ì`m»òV, X§S>{df`H$ Cn~§YmV qH$dm CXmhaUmV Oar nwZamd¥Îmr Ho$cocr Zgcr
Var, Ë`m AndmXm§g AYrZ Agë`mMo ‘mZco OmB©c.
CXmhaU
(a) `m g§{hVoVrc Á`m H$c‘m§V AnamYm§À`m ì`m»`m A§V^y©V AmhoV Ë`m§V, gmV df} d`mImcrc ~mcH$ Agm AnamY
H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr Ago ì`ŠV Ho$coco Zmhr; nU gmV df} d`mImcrc ~mcH$mZo Ho$co Agoc Ago H$moUVohr H¥$Ë`
AnamY hmoV Zmhr Agm Cn~§Y H$aUmè`m gd©gmYmaU AndmXmg Ë`m ì`m»`m AYrZ AmhoV Ago AÜ`möV
g‘Omd`mMo Amho.
(b) "H$' hm nmocrg A{YH$mar, Á`mZo IyZ Ho$cm Amho Aem "¶' cm dm°a§Q>m{dZm nH$S>Vmo. òWo "H$' hm J¡a n[aamoYmÀ`m
AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Zmhr; H$maU "¶' cm nH$S>Ê`mg Vmo {d{YV: ~Õ hmoVm, Am{U åhUyZ Vr ~m~ ""Or Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg
EImXr ì`ŠVr ~Õ Amho Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> {VZo Ho$cr AgVm Vmo AnamY hmoV Zmhr'' Agm Cn~§Y H$aUmè¶m
gd©gmYmaU AndmXmImbr ¶oVo.
7. EH$Xm ñnï>rH$aU Ho$coë`m eãXà`moJmMm AW©.- `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJmV ñnï>rH$aU Ho$cocm àËòH$ eãXà`moJ
`m g§{hVoÀ`m àËòH$ ^mJmV ñnï>rH$aUmZwê$n dmnaÊ`mV Amcm Amho.
8. qcJ.- "Vmo' ho gd©Zm‘ d Ë`mMo gm{YV eãX H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVr~Ôc-‘J Vr nwéf Agmo dm ór-dmnaÊ`mV Amco
AmhoV Ago g‘Omdo.
9. dMZ.- g§X^m©dê$Z {déÕ {XgyZ Amco Zmhr Va, EH$dMZmWu eãXm§‘Üò AZoH$dMZmMm g‘mdoe Amho d AZoH$dMZmWu
eãXm‘Üò EH$dMZmMm g‘mdoe Amho.
10. nwéf/ór.- "nwéf' hm eãX H$moUË`mhr d`mÀ`m nwéfOmVrMm ‘Zwî`àmUr Xe©dVmo. ór hm eãX H$moUË`mhr d`mÀ`m
órOmVrMm ‘Zwî`àmUr Xe©dVmo.
11. ì`ŠVr/Bg‘.- "ì`ŠVr'/"Bg‘' `m eãXm‘Üò H$moUË`mhr H§$nZrMm qH$dm g§KmMm AWdm ì`ŠVr {ZH$m`mMm-‘J
Vmo {ZJ{‘V Agmo dm Zgmo- g‘mdoe Amho.
12. OZVm.- "OZVm' `m eãXm§V, H$moUVmhr cmoH$dJ© qH$dm H$moUVmhr OZg‘mO `mMm g‘mdoe Amho.
13. ["¹$sZ' `mMr ì`m»`m.]> AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao {Za{gV.
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr KmVco.

^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 31
1
[14. emgZmMm godH$.- "emgZmMm godH$' ho eãX emgZmZo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò godoV Mmcy R>odcocm, {Z`wŠV
Ho$cocm qH$dm H$m‘mda cmdcocm H$moUVmhr A{YH$mar qH$dm godH$ Xe©dVmV.]>
15. emgZ.- ["[~«{Q>e B§{S>`m' `mMr ì`m»`m.]> AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao {Za{gV.
16.^maV. ["^maV gaH$ma' `mMr ì`m»`m.]> AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao {Za{gV.
2
[17.emgZ.- "emgZ' hm eãX H|$Ð emgZ qH$dm EImÚm 2*** amÁ`mMo emgZ Xe©dVmo.]>
3
[18. ^maV.- "^maV' `mMm AW© Oå‘y d H$mí‘ra amÁ` IoarOH$ê$Z ^maVmMo amÁ`joÌ Agm Amho.]>
19. Ý`m`mYre.- "Ý`m`mYre' hm eãX, Ý`m`mYre åhUyZ A{YH¥$VnUo Zm‘{Z`wŠV Ho$cocr ì`ŠVrM Ho$di Zìho Va, Or
Or ì`ŠVr {XdmUr AWdm ’$m¡OXmar Aem H$moUË`mhr d¡Y H$m`©dmhr‘Üò {ZUm©`H$ Ý`m`{ZU©` qH$dm Á`mda Anrc Ho$co Zmhr Va
Omo {ZUm©`H$ hmoD$ eHo$c Agm Ý`m`{ZU©` qH$dm Xwgè`m EImÚm àm{YH$mè`mZo H$m`‘ Ho$cm Va Omo {ZUm©`H$ hmoD$ eHo$c Agm
Ý`m`{ZU©` XoÊ`mg {d{YV: A{YH$ma àmá Pmcocr ì`ŠVr Amho Aer, qH$dm
Agm Ý`m`{ZU©` XoÊ`mg Á`m ì`ŠVr{ZH$mgmcm {d{YV: A{YH$ma àmá Pmcocm Agoc Ë`m ì`pŠV{ZH$mgmn¡H$s EH$ Amho
Aer àËòH$ ì`ŠVrXoIrc Xe©dVmo.
CXmhaU
(a) 1859 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10 `m Imcrc Xmì`m‘Üò A{YH$m[aVm dmnaUmam {Oëhm{YH$mar hm Ý`m`mYre hmo`.
(b) Á`m Amamonm~Ôc Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm H$mamdmgmMr {ejm- ‘J Ë`mda Anrc hmoV Agmo dm Zgmo XoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma
AmnUmg Amho Ë`m AmamonmÀ`m g§~§YmV A{YH$m[aVm dmnaUmam X§S>m{YH$mar hm Ý`m`mYre hmo`.
(c) ‘Ðmg {dYr g§{hVoVrc 1816 Mm 1 {d{Z`‘ 7 dm `mImcrc Xmì`m§Mr g§narjm d {ZU©` H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma
Agcocm n§Mm`VrMm gXñ` hm Ý`m`mYre hmo`.
(d) Á`m AmamonmMo àH$aU Xwgè`m Ý`m`mc`mH$S>o g§narjmW© nmR>dÊ`mMmM Ho$di A{YH$ma AmnUm§g Amho Ë`m AmamonmÀ`m
g§~§YmV A{YH$m[aVm dmnaUmam A{YH$mar hm Ý`m`mYre Zìho.
20. Ý`m`mc` .- "Ý`m`mc`' hm eãX, Ho$di EH$Q>çmZo Ý`m{`H$V: H$m‘ H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: A{YH$ma àmá Pmcocm
Ý`m`mYre qH$dm {ZH$m` åhUyZ Ý`m{`H$V: H$m‘ H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: A{YH$ma àmá Pmcoë`m Ý`m`mYrem§Mm {ZH$m` Ooìhm Ý`m{`H$V:
H$m‘ H$aV Agoc Voìhm, Agm Ý`m`mYre qH$dm Ý`m`mYrem§Mm {ZH$m` Xe©dVmo.
CXmhaU
‘Ðmg {dYr g§{hVoVrc 1816 Mm 4 {d{Z`‘ 7 dm `mImcr H$m‘ H$aUmar d Xmì`m§Mr g§narjm Am{U {ZU©` H$aÊ`mMm
A{YH$ma Agcocr n§Mm`V hr Ý`m`mc` hmo`.
21. cmoH$godH$.- "cmoH$godH$' hm eãX, `mV `mnwT>o {Xcoë`mn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmV ‘moS>Umar ì`ŠVr Xe©dVmo, Vo Ago :-
5
***
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr KmVco.
2. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "^mJ A$'ho eãX Jmico.
3. {H$Îmm---H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ho H$c‘ AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcoë`m nyduÀ`m H$c‘mEodOr KmVco.
‘yi H$c‘ 18 ho AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao {Za{gV Ho$co hmoVo.
4. ‘Ðmg {XdmUr Ý`m`mcò A{Y{Z`‘, 1873 (1873 Mm 3) `mÛmao {Za{gV.
5. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao n{hcm I§S> dJicm.
32 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
Xwgao.- 1[^maVmÀ`m]> ^ygoZoVrc, 2[Zm¡goZoVrc qH$dm dm`wgoZoVrc]> àËòH$ amOm{Xï> A{YH$mar;
3
[{Vgao.-àËòH$ Ý`m`mYre-EH$Q>çmZo qH$dm EImÚm ì`pŠV{ZH$m`mMr gXñ` åhUyZ H$moUVrhr A{^{ZU©`mMr H$m`} nma
nmS>Ê`mg {d{YV: A{YH$ma àXmZ Pmcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Yê$Z;]>
MdWo- Ý`m`mc`mMm A{YH$mar `m ZmË`mZo H$moUË`mhr {d{Y{df`H$ qH$dm VÏ`{df`H$ ~m~rMo AÝdofU H$aUo qH$dm Vrda
Ahdmc XoUo, AWdm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO V`ma H$aUo, A{Yà‘m{UV H$aUo qH$dm OnyZ R>odUo, AWdm H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm Vmã`mV
KoUo qH$dm {VMr {dëhodmQ> cmdUo, AWdm H$moUË`mhr Ý`m{`H$ AmXo{eHo$Mr A§‘c~OmdUr H$aUo, AWdm H$moUVrhr enW Xod{dUo,
AWdm ^mfm§Va H$ê$Z gm§JUo, AWdm Ý`m`mc`mV gwì`dñWm amIUo ho Á`mMo H$V©ì` Agoc Agm Ý`m`mc`mMm àËòH$ A{YH$mar
4
[(g‘mnH$, àmnH$ qH$dm Am`moJr `m§gwÕm)]>, Am{U Ý`m`mc`mZo Aer H$moUVrhr H$V©ìò nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r Img àm{YH¥$V Ho$cocr
àËòH$ ì`ŠVr;
nmMdo- Ý`m`mc`mcm qH$dm cmoH$godH$mcm gmhmæ` H$aUmam àËòH$ Á`yar-gXñ`, Ý`m`ghm`H$ qH$dm n§Mm`VrMm gXñ`;
ghmdo- H$moUË`mhr Ý`m`mc`mZo qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr gj‘ cmoH$ àm{YH$aUmZo Á`mÀ`mH$S>o H$moUVmhr H$‚mm qH$dm ~m~
{ZU©`mgmR>r qH$dm AhdmcmgmR>r {ZX}{eV Ho$cocr Agoc Agm àËòH$ cdmX qH$dm AÝ` ì`ŠVr;
gmVdo- Á`m nXmÀ`m `moJo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg ñWmZ~Õ H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm ñWmZ~ÕVoV R>odÊ`mMm A{YH$ma AmnUm§g àmá
hmoVmo Ago nX YmaU H$arV Agoc Vr àËòH$ ì`ŠVr;
AmR>do- 5[emgZmMm]> A{YH$mar `m ZmË`mZo AnamYm§Zm à{V~§Y H$aUo, AnamYm§Mr I~a XoUo AnamÜ`m§Zm Ý`m`mgZmg‘moa
AmUUo AWdm gmd©O{ZH$ Amamo½`, gwa{jVVm qH$dm gmo` `m§Mo ajU H$aUo ho Á`mMo H$V©ì` Agoc Vmo 5[emgZmMm]> àËòH$
A{YH$mar;
Zddo.-EH$ A{YH$mar `m ZmË`mZo 5[emgZmÀ`m]> dVrZo H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm Vmã`mV KoUo, ñdrH$maUo, R>odUo qH$dm IM©
H$aUo, AWdm 5[emgZmÀ`m]> dVrZo H$moUVohr gd}jU {ZYm©aU qH$dm g§{dXm H$aUo, AWdm H$moUË`mhr ‘hgyc-AmXo{eHo$Mr
A§‘c~OmdUr H$aUo AWdm 5[emgZmÀ`m]> Am{W©H$ {hVg§~§Ymda n[aUm‘ H$aUmè`m H$moUË`mhr ~m~rMo AÝdofU H$aUo qH$dm Vrda
Ahdmc XoUo, AWdm 5[emgZmÀ`m]> Am{W©H$ {hVg§~§Ymer g§~§{YV Agm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO V`ma H$aUo, A{Yà‘m{UV H$aUo
qH$dm OnyZ R>odUo AWdm 5[emgZmÀ`m]> 6* * * Am{W©H$ {hVg§~§YmÀ`m ajUm~m~VÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÀ`m ^§Jmg à{V~§Y
H$aUo ho Á`mMo H$V©ì` Agoc Agm àËòH$ A{YH$mar;
Xhmdo-EH$ A{YH$mar `m ZmË`mZo H$moUË`mhr JmdmÀ`m, ZJamÀ`m qH$dm {OëømÀ`m H$moUË`mhr Ym{‘©H$o Va gm‘m{`H$ à`moOZmgmR>r
H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm KoUo, ñdrH$maUo, R>odUo qH$dm IM© H$aUo, H$moUVohr gd}jU qH$dm {ZYm©aU H$aUo, H$moUVrhr nÅ>r qH$dm H$a
dgyc H$aUo AWdm H$moUË`mhr JmdmVrc, ZJamVrc qH$dm {OëømVrc cmoH$m§Mo h¸$ {d{ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVmhr XñVEodO
V`ma H$aUo, A{Yà‘m{UV H$aUo qH$dm OnyZ R>odUo ho Á`mMo H$V©ì` Agoc Agm àËòH$ A{YH$mar;
1. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Am{U AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 `mÛmao "^maV gaH$maÀ`m qH$dm H$moUË`mhr
emgZmÀ`m godoV Agcocm ¹$sZÀ`m' hm ‘OHy$a darcà‘mUo {demo{YV H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Amho.
2. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr 1cr `mÛmao qH$dm "Zm¡goZoVrc' `m eãXmEodOr KmVco.
3. 1964 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 40-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao nyduÀ`m I§S>mEodOr KmVcm.
4. {H$Îmm-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao g‘m{dï> Ho$bo.
5. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1950 Ûmao "H«$mD$Z' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI KmVcm. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao "emgZ' `mEodOr "H«$mD$Z' hm
eãXmo„oI KmVcm hmoVm.
6. 1964 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 40-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao {dd{jV eãX Jmico.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 33
1
[AH$amdo.-Á`m nXmÀ`m `moJo ‘VXma-`mXr V`ma H$aÊ`mMm, àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm, amIÊ`mMm qH$dm gwYmaÊ`mMm AWdm
{ZdS>UwH$sMo qH$dm {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m ^mJmMo MmcZ H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma AmnUm§g àmá hmoVmo Ago nX YmaU H$arV Agoc Vr àËòH$
ì`ŠVr;]>
2
[~mamdo.-(a) emgZmÀ`m godoV Agcocr qH$dm Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z doVZ {‘iUmar AWdm EImXo gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘ H$aÊ`m~Ôc
emgZmH$Sy>Z ’$sÀ`m qH$dm H${‘eZÀ`m ê$nmV nm[al{‘H$ {‘iUmar;
(b) ñWm{ZH$ àm{YH$aUmÀ`m AWdm H|$Ðr`, àm§{VH$ qH$dm amÁ` A{Y{Z`‘mÛmao qH$dm Ë`mImcr ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m ‘hm‘§S>imÀ`m
AWdm "H§$nZr A{Y{Z`‘, 1956' (1956 Mm 1) `mÀ`m H$c‘ 617 ‘Üò Ho$coë`m ì`m»òà‘mUo Agcoë`m emgH$s`
H§$nZrÀ`m godoV Agcocr qH$dm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z doVZ {‘iUmar,
àËòH$ ì`ŠVr.]>
CXmhaU
ZJanm{cH$m Am`wŠV hm cmoH$godH$ hmo`.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.-darcn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmV ‘moS>Umè`m ì`ŠVr cmoH$godH$ AgVmV--‘J Ë`m emgZmZo {Z`wŠV Ho$coë`m
AgmoV dm ZgmoV.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- "cmoH$godH$' hm eãX OoWo OoWo òVmo VoWo VoWo Vmo, cmoH$godH$mMo ñWmZ àË`jmV YmaU H$aV Agcoë`m
àËòH$ ì`ŠVrcm AZwcjyZ Agë`mMo g‘OÊ`mV òB©c-‘J Vo ñWmZ YmaU H$aÊ`mÀ`m {VÀ`m h¸$mV H$mhrhr H$m`Xo{df`H$
CUrd Agmo.
1
[ñnï>rH$aU 3.-"{ZdS>UyH$' hm eãX Á`m àm{YH$aUm~m~V {ZdS>rMr nÕV hr H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÛmao qH$dm Ë`mImcr
{ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m ñdê$nmV {d{hV Ho$cocr AgVo Aem H$moUË`mhr d¡Ym{ZH$, ZJanm{cH$s` qH$dm BVa cmoH$ àm{YH$aUmÀ`m-‘J
Ë`mMo ñdê$n H$moUVohr Agmo-gXñ`m§Mr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© ¿`md`mMr {ZdS>UyH$ Xe©dVmo.
3
***
22. O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm.- "O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm' `m eãXm§‘Üò, O‘rZ Am{U ^y-g§c¾ Agcoë`m qH$dm ^y-g§c¾ Agoc Aem
H$moUË`mhr dñVy~amo~a H$m`‘À`m OIS>ë`m Jocoë`m Jmoï>r IoarOH$ê$Z àËòH$ dU©ZmÀ`m ‘yV© ‘mc‘ÎmoMm g‘mdoe A{^àoV Amho.
23. J¡a cm^.- "J¡a cm^' åhUOo Vmo cm^ hmoUmar ì`ŠVr {Ocm {d{YV: h¸$Xma Zmhr Aem ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ~oH$m`Xoera cm^
hmo`.
J¡a hmZr.- "J¡a hmZr' åhUOo hmZr hmoUmar ì`ŠVr {Ocm {d{YV: h¸$Xma Agoc Aem ‘mc‘ÎmoMr ~oH$m`Xoera gmYZm§Ûmao
hmZr hmo`.>
J¡anUo cm^ {‘idUo.- Ooìhm EImXr ì`ŠVr H$mhrVar J¡anUo R>odyZ KoVo, Ë`mà‘mUo Ooìhm Aer ì`ŠVr J¡anUo g§nmXZ H$aVo
Voìhm, Aer ì`ŠVr "J¡anUo cm^ {‘idVo' Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
J¡anUo hmZr gmogUo.- Ooìhm EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmonmgyZ J¡anUo Xya R>odco OmVo, Ë`mMà‘mUo Ooìhm Ë`m
ì`ŠVrg ‘mc‘ÎmonmgyZ J¡anUo d§{MV Ho$co OmVo Voìhm, Aer ì`ŠVr "J¡anUo hmZr gmogVo' Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
1. 1920 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 39-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao g‘m{dï> Ho$bo.

2. 1964 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 40, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao nyduÀ`m I§S>mEodOr KmVcm.
3. 1964 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 40, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ñnï>rH$aU 4 Jmico.
^mX§g-3
34 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
24. Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo.- Omo H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrg J¡a cm^ ìhmdm qH$dm Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrMr J¡a hmZr ìhmdr `m CÔoemZo
Ooìhm H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aVmo Voìhm Vmo Vr Jmoï> "Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo H$aVmo' Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
25. H$nQ>rnUmZo.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo Oa cw~mS>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo EImXr Jmoï> Ho$cr Va, {VZo Vr Jmoï> "H$nQ>rnUmZo' Ho$cr
Ago åhQ>co OmVo, na§Vw Eaìhr Zmhr.
26. g‘OÊ`mg H$maU.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrg Oa EImXr Jmoï> g‘OyZ MmcÊ`mg nwaogo H$maU Agoc Va, {Vcm Vgo
g‘OÊ`mg H$maU Agë`mMo åhQ>co OmVo, nU Eaìhr Zmhr.
27. nËZrÀ`m, H$maHw$ZmÀ`m qH$dm MmH$amÀ`m H$ãOmVrc ‘mc‘Îmm.- Ooìhm ‘mc‘Îmm EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$maUo Ë`m
ì`ŠVrÀ`m nËZrÀ`m, H$maHw$ZmÀ`m qH$dm MmH$amÀ`m H$ãOmV AgVo Voìhm, `m g§{hVoÀ`m AWm©Zwgma Vr Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$ãOmV
AgVo.
ñnï>rH$aU.- VmËnwaVr qH$dm {d{eï> àg§Jr H$maHy$Z qH$dm MmH$a `m ZmË`mZo ZmoH$arg R>odcocr ì`ŠVr `m H$c‘mÀ`m
AWm©Zwgma H$maHy$Z qH$dm MmH$a AgVo.
28. ZH$crH$aU.- Oa EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo EH$ dñVy Xwgè`m dñVyer gÑe Aer Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m gÑí`mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo
’$gdUyH$ H$aÊ`mMm {VMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio ’$gdUyH$ hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr {Vcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Vr
"ZH$crH$aU' H$aVo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
1
[ñnï>rH$aU 1:-ZH$crH$aUmgmR>r Z¸$c V§VmoV§V AgUo AË`mdí`H$ Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU 2:-Ooìhm EImXr ì`ŠVr EH$ dñVy Xwgè`m dñVyer gÑe Aer H$arc Am{U Ë`m‘wio EImÚm ì`ŠVrMr ’$gJV
hmoÊ`mgmaIr Agoc Voìhm, {déÕ em~rV hmoV Zmhr Vmon`ªV Ago J¥hrV Yaco OmB©c H$s, EH$ dñVy `mà‘mUo Xwgè`m dñVyer gÑe
Aer H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrMm Ë`m gÑí`mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo ’$gJV H$aÊ`mMm CÔoe hmoVm qH$dm Ë`m‘wio ’$gJV hmoUo g§^dZr`
Agë`mMr {Vcm OmUrd hmoVr.]>
29. XñVEodO.- "XñVEodO' hm eãX H$moUË`mhr ~m~rMm nwamdm åhUyZ Ajao, AmH$S>o/AmH¥$Ë`m qH$dm {MÝho Ago Oo gmYZ
dmnaÊ`mMo CÔo{eV Agoc qH$dm dmnaVm òB©c Ë`m gmYZmZo qH$dm Aem EH$mhÿZ A{YH$ gmYZm§Zr H$moUË`mhr nXmWm©da ì`ŠV
Ho$cocr qH$dm aoIcocr qH$dm A{^{cpIV Ho$cocr Vr ~m~ Xe©dVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 1:- Ajao, AmH$S>o/AmH¥$Ë`m qH$dm {MÝho H$moUË`m gmYZmÛmao qH$dm H$moUË`m nXmWm©da H$mT>cr AmhoV AWdm
Vmo nwamdm Ý`m`mc`mV dmnaÊ`mMm CÔoe Amho qH$dm VoWo dmnaVm òB©c H$s Zmhr ho {~Z‘hÎdmMo Amho.
CXmhaU
g§{dXoÀ`m AQ>r ì`ŠV H$aUmam Omo coI Ë`m g§{dXoMm nwamdm åhUyZ dmnaVm òB©c Vmo XñVEodO hmo`.
~±Ho$darc YZmXoe hm XñVEodO hmo`.
‘wIË`maZm‘m hm XñVEodO hmo`.
nwamdm åhUyZ Omo dmnaÊ`mMm CÔoe Amho qH$dm Omo dmnaVm òB©c Vmo ZH$mem qH$dm Vmo AmamIS>m XñVEodO hmo`.
{ZXoe qH$dm AZwXoe A§V^y©V Agcocm coI hm XñVEodO hmo`.
ñnï>rH$aU 2:- dm{UpÁ`H$ qH$dm AÝ` n[anmR>mAÝdò Á`m§Mo ñnï>rH$aU Ho$co OmVo Aer Ajao, AmH$S>o/AmH¥$Ë`m qH$dm
{MÝho `m§Ûmao Oo H$mhr ì`ŠV Ho$coco Agoc Vo Oar àË`jnUo Vgo ì`ŠV Ho$coco Zgco Var, Aer Ajao, AmH$S>o/AmH¥$Ë`m qH$dm
{MÝho `m§Ûmao Vo `m H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma ì`ŠV Ho$co Agë`mMo ‘mZco OmB©c.
1. 1889 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 1-H$c‘ 9 Ûmao ‘yi ñnï>rH$aUmEodOr KmVco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 35
CXmhaU
"H$' Amnë`m Am{Xï>mg àXo` Agcoë`m {d{Z‘`nÌmÀ`m ‘mJo Amnco Zmd {c{hVmo. ì`mnmar n[anmR>mAÝdò ñnï>
Ho$ë`mZwgma n¥ð>m§H$ZmMm AW© Agm Amho H$s, Ë`m {dnÌmMr a¸$‘ YmaH$mg Úmd`mMr Amho. n¥ð>m§H$Z hm XñVEodO
Amho d "YmaH$mg ÚmdoV' ho eãX qH$dm Ë`m Ame`mMo eãX OUy H$mhr ñdmjarÀ`mda {c{hcoco AgmdoV Ago g‘OyZ
Ë`mM arVrZo Ë`mMm AW© cmdcm nm{hOo.
29-A - BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© - (gwYmaUm) {XZm§§H$ 20-6-2000 amoOr ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ H$m`Xm 2000 cm Amcm. Ë`m
AZwf§JmZo Ë`m H$m`ÚmVrc H$c‘ (2) (1) ‘Yrc -
åhUOo Ë`mà‘mUo nwa{dcocr ‘m{hVr qH$dm A{^coI V`ma Ho$cocr à{VH¥$Vr, O‘dcocm ÜdZr qH$dm AmdmO Omo BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$
qH$dm ‘m`H«$mo’$moZÀ`m g§JUH$mZo {Z‘m©U Ho$coë`m ‘m`H«$mo{’$VrMo nÕVrZo EH$Ì Ho$cocm Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU - nyduMo H$c‘ 29 ‘Yrc "XñVEodO' hr ì`m»`m ZdrZ H$m`ÚmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ AnyU© dmQy> cmJcr åhUyZ
H$c‘ 29 (A) Zì`mZo KmVco.
Am{U Ë`m‘wio Imcrc H$c‘m§V Á`m-Á`m {R>H$mUr "XñVEodO' eãX Amho Ë`m {R>H$mUr XñVEodOmnwT>o qH$dm "BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$
A{^coI' Agm eãX dmMÊ`mV `mdm. H$c‘o-- 167, 172, 173, 175, 192, 204, 463, 466, 468, 469, 470,
471, 474, 476 d 477A Am{U H$c‘ 464 nyduMo nyU©nUo ~XcÊ`mV Amco.
30. ‘yë`dmZ amoIm.- "‘yë`dmZ amoIm' `m eãXm§Ûmao, Omo XñVEodO åhUOo Á`mÛmao H$moUË`mhr d¡Y h¸$mMr {Z{‘©Vr,
{dñVmaU, hñVm§VaU, {Z~ªYZ, {dcmonZ qH$dm n[a‘moMZ Ho$co OmVo AWdm AmnU d¡Y Xm{`Ëdmcm AYrZ AmhoV qH$dm AmnUm§g
{dd{jV d¡Y h¸$ Zmhr Ago H$moUrhr ì`ŠVr A{^ñdrH¥$V H$aVo Agm XñVEodO Amho qH$dm Vgm Agë`mMo {XgVo Vmo XñVEodO
Xe©dcm OmVmo.
CXmhaU
"H$' {d{Z‘`nÌmÀ`m ‘mJo Amnco Zmd {c{hVmo. Or ì`ŠVr Ë`m {dnÌmMr H$m`Xoera YmaH$ hmoB©c Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm
Ë`mdarc h¸$ hñVm§V[aV hmoUo hm `m n¥ð>m§H$ZmMm n[aUm‘ Agë`m‘wio Vo n¥ð>m§H$Z åhUOo ‘yë`dmZ² amoIm hmo`.
31. ‘¥Ë`wnÌ.- "‘¥Ë`wnÌ' hm eãX H$moUVrhr ‘¥Ë`wnÌr` XñVEodO Xe©dVmo.
32. H¥$VtMm {ZX}e H$aUmè`m eãXm§‘Üò Ad¡Y AH¥$VtMm g‘mdoe Amho.- `m g§{hVoV àËòH$ ^mJm‘Üò, g§X^m©dê$Z
{déÕ CÔoe {XgyZ òV Agë`mg, Vo IoarO H$ê$Z Eaìhr, Ho$coë`m H¥$VtMm {ZX}e H$aUmè`m eãXm§À`m ì`márV Ad¡Y AH¥$VrXoIrc
òVmV.
33. H¥$Vr-AH¥$Vr.- "H¥$Vr' hm eãX EH$ H¥$Vr d Ë`mMà‘mUo H¥$VtMr ‘m{cH$mXoIrc Xe©dVmo; "AH¥$Vr' hm eãX EH$
AH¥$Vr d Ë`mMà‘mUo AH¥$VtMr ‘m{cH$mXoIrc Xe©{dVmo.
1
[34. XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtZr g‘mZ CÔoemÀ`m nwa:gaUmW© Ho$coë`m H¥$Vr.- Ooìhm XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtZr,
Ë`m gdm©À`m g‘mZ CÔoemÀ`m nwa:gaUmW© JwÝhoJmar H¥$Vr Ho$cocr AgVo Voìhm, Aem§n¡H$s àËòH$ ì`ŠVr OUy H$mhr Vr H¥$Vr {VZo
EH$Q>rZoM Ho$cocr Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM arVrZo Ë`m~Ôc Xm`r hmoVo.]>
35. Ooìhm Aer H¥$Vr JwÝhoJmar OmUrd qH$dm CÔoe AgVmZm H$aÊ`mV Amë`mÀ`m H$maUmZo JwÝhoJmar ñdê$nmMr AgVo
Voìhm.- Or H¥$Vr JwÝhoJmar OmUrd qH$dm CÔoe AgVmZm Vr H$aÊ`mV Amcr EdT>çmM H$maUmZo JwÝhoJmar ñdê$nmMr AgVo Vr O|ìhm
H|$ìhm XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtZr Ho$cocr AgVo V|ìhm. Aem ì`ŠVrn¢H$s Omo Aer OmUrd qH$dm CÔoe AgVmZm Ë`m H¥$VrV
1. 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 27-H$c‘ 1 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr KmVco.
36 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
gm‘rc hmoVmo Vmo àËòH$OU OUy H$mhr Vr OmUrd qH$dm CÔoe AgVmZm Ë`mZo EH$Q>çmZo Vr H¥$Vr Ho$cocr Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM
arVrZo Xm`r hmoVmo.
36. A§eV: H¥$VrÛmao Am{U A§eV: AH¥$VrÛmao KS>dyZ AmUcocm n[aUm‘.- OoWo OoWo H¥$VrÛmao qH$dm AH¥$VrÛmao {dd{jV
n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUUo qH$dm Vmo n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo hm AnamY AgVmo VoWo VoWo, A§eV: H¥$VrÛmao d A§eV:
AH¥$VrÛmao n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUUo hm VmoM AnamY AgVmo Ago g‘Omd`mMo AgVo.
CXmhaU
"H$' hm A§eV: "¶' cm AÞ XoÊ`mMo Ad¡YnUo Q>miyZ d A§eV: "¶' cm ‘mahmU H$ê$Z, CÔoenyd©H$ "¶'Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ
AmUVmo. "H$' Zo IyZ Ho$cocm Amho.
37. AnamYmcm KQ>H$^yV Amcoë`m {Za{Zamù`m H¥$Vtn¡H$s EH$ H¥$Vr.- H$ê$Z ghH$m`©. Ooìhm EImXm AnamY {Za{Zamù`m
H¥$Vr H$ê$Z Ho$cm OmVmo Voìhm, Omo H$moUrhr EH$Q>mM qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVr~amo~a g§`wŠVnUo Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUVrhr EH$ H¥$Vr
H$ê$Z Vmo AnamY H$aÊ`mg CÔoenyd©H$ ghH$m`© XoVmo Ë`mZo Vmo Ho$cm Ago hmoVo.
CXmhaU
(a) "H$'$ Am{U "I' ho Ë`mÀ`mn¡H$s àËòH$mZo ñdV§ÌnUo d {Za{Zamù`m doir "¶' cm {dfmMo chmZ chmZ {‘V^mJ
XoD$Z Ë`mMm IyZ H$amdm Ago {‘iyZ R>adVmV. "H$'$d "I' ho "¶' Mm IyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo R>aë`mZwgma {df
XoVmV. "¶' hm Ë`mcm `mà‘mUo XoÊ`mV Amcoë`m {dfmÀ`m AZoH$ {‘V^mJm§À`m n[aUm‘m‘wio ‘aU nmdVmo. `m~m~VrV
"H$'$d "I' IyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r CÔoenyd©H$ ghH$m`© H$aVmV d Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s àËòH$OU {OÀ`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z
òVmo Aer H¥$Vr H$aVmo, åhUyZ Vo XmoKohr, Oar Ë`m§À`m H¥$Vr doJdoJù`m Agë`m Var, Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr AmhoV.
(b) "H$'$ d "I' g§`wŠV Vwé§Jm{YH$mar AmhoV d Ë`m ZmË`mZo Ë`m§À`mH$S>o AmcQy>Z nmcQy>Z "¶' `m H¡$ÚmMm EH$m doiog
ghm-ghm VmgmgmR>r Vm~m AgVmo. "¶' Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$'$d "I' ho "¶' cm XoÊ`mgmR>r
åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm nwadR>m Ho$coco AÞ Amnmnë`m XoIaoIrÀ`m doimV Ë`mcm XoÊ`mMo Ad¡YnUo Q>miyZ, Vmo n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r OmUyZ~wOyZ ghH$m`© H$aVmV. "¶' ^yHo$nm`r ‘aU nmdVmo. "H$'$d "I' XmoKohr "¶' À`m IwZm~Ôc
Xmofr AmhoV.
(c) "H$' `m Vwé§Jm{YH$mè`mH$S>o "¶' `m H¡$ÚmMm Vm~m Amho. "H$'$ hm "¶' Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "¶' cm
AÞ nwadÊ`mMo Ad¡YnUo Q>miVmo; Ë`mMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ "¶' Mr eŠVr ~arM jrU hmoVo, nU Vr Cnmg‘ma Ë`mMm
‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mg nwaoer Zmhr. "H$'cm Ë`mÀ`m nXmdê$Z H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV òVo Am{U "I' Ë`mMm CÎmam{YH$mar
hmoVmo. "H$'$g§JZ‘V qH$dm ghH$m`© Z H$aVm, Am{U "¶' cm AÞ XoÊ`mMo Ad¡YnUo Q>miÊ`mZo AmnU Ë`mÀ`m ‘¥Ë`ycm
H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho hr OmUrd AgVmZm "I' Vgo H$aVmo. "¶' ^yHo$nm`r ‘aU nmdVmo. "I' IwZm~Ôc Xmofr
Amho, nU "H$'$Zo "I' er ghH$m`© Ho$coco Zgë`mZo "H$'$ Ho$di IyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
38. JwÝhoJmar H¥$VrV {Z~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVr {Za{Zamiçm AnamYm§~Ôc Xmofr Agy eH$Vrc.- OoWo {Za{Zamiçm
ì`ŠVr EImXr JwÝhoJmar H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mV gh^mJr qH$dm {Z~Õ AgVrc VoWo, Ë`m H¥$Vt‘wio Ë`m {Za{Zamiçm AnamYm§~Ôc Xmofr
hmoD$ eH$Vrc.
CXmhaU
"H$'$ hm "¶' da Aem J§^ra àjmo^H$ n[apñWVrV h„m H$aVmo H$s, Ë`mZo "¶' cm R>ma ‘maUo åhUOo IyZ `m gXamV Z
‘moS>Umam Ho$di gXmof ‘Zwî`dY R>ê$ eHo$c. "I' hm "¶' ~Ôc Ûof^md AgVmZm d Ë`mcm ‘maÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Am{U Ë`mÀ`m
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 37
~m~VrV àjmo^H$maU ZgVmZm "¶' cm R>ma ‘maÊ`mg "H$' cm ghmæ` H$aVmo. `m~m~VrV "H$' d "I' XmoKohr `Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘mV gh^mJr Agco Var, "I' IwZm~Ôc Xmofr Amho d "H$' Ho$di gXmof ‘Zwî` dYm~ÔcM Xmofr Amho.
39. BÀN>mnyd©H$.- EImXr ì`ŠVr Á`mÛmao EImXm n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm {VMm CÔoe hmoVm Ë`m gmYZmÛmao AWdm
Á`m‘wio Vmo n[aUm‘ KSy>Z òÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aer {Vcm Ë`mMm dmna H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir OmUrd hmoVr qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU
hmoVo Ë`m gmYZmÛmao Vmo KS>dyZ AmUVo Voìhm, Vmo n[aUm‘ {VZo "BÀN>mnyd©H$' KS>dyZ AmUcm Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaU
"H$'$EH$m ‘moR>çm ZJamVrc dñVr Agcoë`m Kamg amÌr O~ar MmoarMo H$m‘ gwH$a H$aÊ`mgmR>r AmJ cmdcr d AemàH$mao
EH$m ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUVmo. `m~m~VrV ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUmdm Agm "H$'$Mm CÔoe Zgoc Am{U Amnë`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y
KSy>Z Amë`m~Ôc Ë`mcm IoXhr hmoB©c: VWm{n, Oa AmnU ‘¥Ë`yg H$maUr^yV hmoÊ`mMm g§^d hmoVm `mMr Ë`mg OmUrd Agoc Va,
Ë`mZo Vmo ‘¥Ë`y BÀN>mnyd©H$ KS>dyZ AmUcm Ago hmoVo.
1
[40. AnamY.- `m H$c‘mÀ`m I§S> 2 d 3 `m§Imcr Z‘yX Ho$cocr 2[ àH$aUo]> d H$c‘o IoarOH$ê$Z AÝ`Ì "AnamY' hm
eãX `m g§{hVoÛmao {ejmnmÌ Ho$cocr Jmoï> Xe©dVmo.
àH$aU 4 Wo, 3[àH$aU 5do H$]> `m‘Üò Am{U nwT>rc H$c‘m§‘Üò åhUOoM, H$c‘o 4[64, 65, 66 5[67]> 71]> , 109,
110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 187, 194, 195, 203, 211, 213, 214, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 327,
328, 329, 330, 331, 347, 348, 388, 389, d 445 `m‘Üò "AnamY' hm eãX `m g§{hVoImcr qH$dm `mV `mnwT>o
Ho$coë`m ì`m»òà‘mUo Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr {deof qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ H$m`ÚmImcr {ejmnmÌ Agcocr Jmoï> Xe©dVmo.
Am{U H$c‘o 141, 176, 177, 201, 202, 212, 216 Am{U 441 `m§‘Üò {deof qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ H$m`ÚmImcr
{ejmnmÌ Agcocr Jmoï> Aem H$m`ÚmImcr ghm ‘{hZo qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog--‘J Vr Ðì`X§S>mgh
Agmo dm Ë`m{dZm Agmo- nmÌ AgVo Voìhm "AnamY' `m eãXmcm VmoM AW© AgVmo.]>
41. {deof H$m`Xm.- "{deof H$m`Xm' åhUOo {d{eï> {df`mcm cmJy Agcocm H$m`Xm hmo`.
42. ñWm{ZH$ H$m`Xm.- "ñWm{ZH$ H$m`Xm' åhUOo 6[7[^maVmVrc]> 8* * *]> Ho$di {d{eï> ^mJmcmM cmJy Agcocm
H$m`Xm hmo`.
43. Ad¡Y.- "Ad¡Y' hm eãX, Or Jmoï> AnamY Agoc qH$dm Or H$m`ÚmÛmao ‘Zm H$aÊ`mV Amcr Agoc, qH$dm Or {XdmUr
H$madmB©Mo AmYmaH$maU hmoV Agoc Aem àËòH$ Jmoï>rcm cmJy Amho;
H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ AgUo.- EImXr ì`ŠVr {VZo Or H$moUVrhr Jmoï> Z H$aUo ho Ad¡Y AgVo Vr Jmoï> "H$aÊ`mg {d{YV:
~Õ' Amho Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
1. 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 27-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr XmIb Ho$bo.
2. 1930 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr 1 cr `m§Ûmao àH$aU `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambm.
3. 1913 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao XmIb Ho$bo.
4. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 1 Ûmao XmIb Ho$bo.
5. 1886 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10-H$c‘ 2 (1) Ûmao XmIb Ho$bo.
6. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao "{~«{Q>e B§{S>`mÀ`m' `mEodOr KmVco.
7. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "amÁò' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI KmVcm. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "àm§V' `mEodOr
"amÁò' Agm eãXmo„oI KmVcm hmoVm.
8. 1952 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 48 H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr 2 ar `m§Ûmao "g‘m{dï> amÁ`joÌm§À`m' hm ‘OHy$a Jmicm.
38 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
44. jVr.- "jVr' hm eãX H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {VMo eara, ‘Z, cm¡{H$H$ qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmm `m§À`m ~m~VrV Ad¡YnUo KS>dyZ
AmUcocm H$moUVmhr Anm` Xe©{dVmo.
45. Or{dV.- g§X^m©dê$Z {déÕ H$mhr {XgV Zgoc Va, "Or{dV' hm eãX ‘Zwî`àmÊ`mMo Or{dV Xe©{dVmo.
46. ‘¥Ë`y.- g§X^m©dê$Z {déÕ H$mhr {XgyZ òV Zgoc Va "‘¥Ë`y' hm eãX ‘Zwî`àmÊ`mMm ‘¥Ë`y Xe©{dVmo.
47. àmUr.- "àmUr' hm eãX ‘Zwî`àmÊ`mhÿZ AÝ` H$moUVmhr gOrd àmUr Xe©{dVmo.
48. Oc`mZ.- "Oc`mZ' hm eãX ‘Zwî`àmUr qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmm Oc‘mJm©Zo dmhÿZ ZoÊ`mgmR>r V`ma Ho$cocr H$moUVrhr dñVy
Xe©{dVmo.
49. df©.- "df©' hm eãX qH$dm "‘{hZm' hm eãX OoWo OoWo dmnacocm Agoc VoWo VoWo, dfm©Mr qH$dm ‘{hÝ`mMr JUZm {~«{Q>e
H$mcJUZoà‘mUo H$amd`mMr AgVo Ago g‘OÊ`mV `mdo.
50. H$c‘.- "H$c‘' hm eãX, `m g§{hVoÀ`m àH$aUmMo Oo ^mJ Ë`m‘mJo OmoS>coë`m g§»`mXe©H$ AmH$S>çm§Ûmao doJdoJio
XmIdco AgVrc Ë`m§n¡H$s EH$ ^mJ Xe©{dVmo.
51. enW.- "enW' `m eãXmV {d{YV: enWoEodOr `moOcoco Jm§^r`©nyd©H$ ÑT>H$WZ d cmoH$godH$mg‘moa H$amd`mMo qH$dm
em{~VrgmR>r Cn`moJmV AmUmd`mMo åhUyZ- ‘J Vo Ý`m`mc`mV Agmo dm Zgmo- {d{YV: Amdí`H$ qH$dm àm{YH¥$V Ho$coco H$moUVohr
A{YH$WZ `m§Mm g‘mdoe Amho.
52. gX²^md.- EImXr Jmoï> Ooìhm àm‘m{UH$nUmZo Am{U `Wm`mo½` H$miOr KoD$Z d AdYmZ R>odyZ Ho$cr OmVo qH$dm
g‘Ocr OmVo Vr "gX²^mdnyd©H$' Ho$cr Amho qH$dm g‘Ocr Jocr Amho Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
1
[52-A. Amgam XoUo.- `m g§{hVo‘Yrc H$c‘ 157 Am{U 130 Á`m‘Üò Amgam Zdam-~m`H$mo `m§Zr EH$‘oH$m§g {Xcocm
Amho Vmo dJiVm "Amgam XoUo' `mMm AW© EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Aml` XoUo Agm Amho, Am{U Ë`mV {Ja’$Xmar MwH$dÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm
ì`ŠVrcm AÞnmUr, n¡gm, H$nS>o, eóo, Xmê$Jmoim qH$dm Zo-AmU H$aÊ`mMr gmYZo nwadUo qH$dm EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr
[aVrZo gmhmæ` H$aUo `m§Mm g‘mdoe Amho.]>
àH$aU 3 ao
{ejm§{df`r
53. {ejm.- AnamYr `m g§{hVoÀ`m Cn~§Ym§Imcr Á`m {ejm§Zm nmÌ AmhoV Ë`m Aem :-
n{hcr-‘¥Ë`y; 2Xwgar- AmOrd H$mamdmg;
3
* **
MdWr- H$mamdmg hm XmoZ àH$maMm AgVmo :-
(1) gl‘ åhUOo gŠV ‘OwarMm; (2) gmYm;
nmMdr- ‘mc‘ÎmoMo g‘nhaU;
ghmdr- Ðì`X§S>.
1. 1942 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao KmVco.

2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "XwXwgar
ar--H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr KmVco (1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d
VoìhmnmgyZ).
3. 1949 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 17-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao I§S> {Vgam Jmicm (6 E{àc, 1949 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 39
1
[53-A$. ""H$mio nmUr'' `m {ZX}emMm AW© cmdUo.- (1) nmoQ>H$c‘ (2) d nmoQ>H$c‘ (3) `m§À`m Cn~§Ym§À`m
AYrZVoZo, Ë`m Ë`m H$mir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmVrc AWdm Aem H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÀ`m qH$dm H$moUË`mhr
{Za{gV A{Y{Z`{‘VrÀ`m AmYmao n[aUm‘H$ Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr g§coImVrc qH$dm AmXoemVrc "OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr' `m
{ZX}emMm AW© "AmOrd H$mamdmg' Agm cmdcm OmB©c.
(2) EImÚm ‘wXVrMm H$miçm nmÊ`mMm {ejmXoe "’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘", 2[1955]> 3[1955 Mm
26] `mÀ`m àma§^mnydu XoÊ`mV Amcm Agoc Aem àËòH$ àH$aUr, AnamÜ`mcm OUy H$mhr {VVŠ`mM ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr
{ejm XoÊ`mV Amcr Agmdr Ago g‘OyZ Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM arVrZo Ë`mÀ`m~m~V H$m`©dmhr Ho$cr OmB©c.
(3) Ë`m-Ë`m H$mir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmVrc EImÚm ‘wXVrMr H$miçm nmÊ`mMr {ejm AWdm
Ë`mhÿZ H$‘r Aem H$moUË`mhr ‘wXVrMr H$miçm nmÊ`mMr {ejm (‘J Vr H$moUË`mhr ZmdmZo g§~moYcocr Agmo) `mMm H$moUVmhr {ZX}e
JmiÊ`mV Amcm Agë`mMo ‘mZco OmB©c.
(4) Ë`m-Ë`m H$mir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmVrc "H$mio nmUr'-
(a) `m eãXà`moJmMm AW© Oa OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr Agm Agoc Va, Aem H$moUË`mhr {ZX}emMm AW© AmOrd H$mamdmgmMm
{ZX}e åhUyZ cmdcm OmB©c;
(b) `m eãXà`moJmMm AW© Oa Ë`mhÿZ H$‘r Aem H$moUË`mhr ‘wXVrMr H$miçm nmÊ`mMr {ejm Agm Agoc Va, Agm
H$moUVmhr {ZX}e JmiÊ`mV Amcm Agë`mMo ‘mZco OmB©c.]>
54. ‘¥Ë`yMr {ejm n[ad{V©V H$ê$Z gm¡å` H$aUo.- ‘¥Ë`yMm {ejmXoe XoÊ`mV òB©c Ë`m àËòH$ àH$aUr, 3[g‘w{MV
emgZ]> AnamÜ`mÀ`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vr {ejm `m g§{hVoÛmao Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr {ejoV n[ad{V©V H$ê$Z gm¡å` H$ê$
eHo$c.
55. AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr {ejm n[ad{V©V H$ê$Z gm¡å` H$aUo.- 4[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMm]> {ejmXoe XoÊ`mV òB©c Ë`m
àËòH$ àH$aUr, 5[g‘w{MV emgZ]> AnamÜ`mÀ`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vr {ejm OmñVrV OmñV Mm¡Xm dfmªBVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejo‘Üò n[ad{V©V H$ê$Z gm¡å` H$ê$ eHo$c.
6
[55-A$.""g‘w{MV emgZ'' `mMr ì`m»`m.- Mm¡nÞmì`m d n§MmdÞmì`m H$c‘m§‘Üò "g‘w{MV emgZ' `mMm AW©,
nwT>rcà‘mUo Amho :-
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao XmIb Ho$bo. (1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
2. 1957 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr 2 ar `m§Ûmao "1954' `mEodOr XmIb Ho$bo.
3. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "H|$Ð emgZ qH$dm AnamÜ`mcm Á`m‘Üò {ejm XoÊ`mV Amcocr Agoc Ë`m àm§VmMo àm§{VH$ emgZ' `mEodOr
KmVco. hm Xwhoar AdVaU {MÝhm§V {Xcocm ‘OHy$a AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao "^maV gaH$ma qH$dm AnamÜ`mcm Á`m‘Üò {ejm XoÊ`mV
Amcocr Agoc Ë`m {R>H$mUMo emgZ' `mEodOr KmVcm.
4. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI H$aÊ¶mV Ambm. (1 OmZodmar, 1956
amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
5. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "AnamÜ`mcm Á`m‘Üò {ejm XoÊ`mV Amcocr Agoc Ë`m àm§VmÀ`m àm§{VH$ emgZmcm' `mEodOr KmVco. hm
Xwhoar AdVaU {MÝhm§V {Xcocm ‘OHy$a AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao "^maV gaH$macm qH$dm AnamÜ`mcm Á`m‘Üò {ejm XoÊ`mV Amcocr
Agoc Ë`m {R>H$mUÀ`m emgZmcm' `mEodOr XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Amcm hmoVm.
6. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao KmVcoë`m H$c‘ 55 H$ EodOr ho H$c‘ AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
40 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(a) OoWo {ejmXoe hm ‘¥Ë`yMm {ejmXoe Agoc qH$dm g§KamÁ`mÀ`m emgZeŠVrÀ`m ì`márV òUmè`m ~m~tg§~§YrÀ`m
H$moUË`mhr H$m`Úm{déÕ KS>coë`m AnamYm~Ôc Agoc Ë`m àH$aUr, H|$Ð emgZ; Am{U
(b) OoWo {ejmXoe hm (‘J Vmo ‘¥Ë`yMm Agmo dm Zgmo) amÁ`mÀ`m emgZeŠVrÀ`m ì`márV òUmè`m ~m~tg§~§YrÀ`m
H$moUË`mhr H$m`Úm{déÕ KS>coë`m AnamYm~Ôc Agoc Ë`m àH$aUr, Á`m amÁ`m‘Üò AnamÜ`mg {ejm R>moR>mdÊ`mV
Amcr Agoc Ë`m amÁ`mMo emgZ.]>
56. [`wamo{n`Zm§Zm d A‘o[aH$Zm§Zm {Xcocr gŠV‘OwarMr {ejm Xhm dfmªhÿZ A{YH$ nU AmOrd Zìho Aem {ejo~m~V
na§VwH$.]> ’$m¡OXmar {dYr (dm§{eH$ ôX^md CƒmQ>Z) A{Y{Z`‘, 1949 (1949 Mm 17) `mÛmao {Za{gV (6 E{àc, 1949 amoOr
d VoìhmnmgyZ).
57.{ejoÀ`m ‘wXVtMo A§e. {ejoÀ`m ‘wXVtMo A§e n[aJUZm H$ê$Z R>adVmZm, AmOrd 1[H$mamdmg]> hm drg dfmªÀ`m
1
[H$mamdmgmer]> Vwë` åhUyZ ‘mZcm OmB©c.
58. [H$miçm nmÊ`mMr {ejm Pmcoë`m AnamÜ`m§Zm H$miçm nmÊ`mda nmR>dco OmB©n`ªV H$go dmJdmd`mMo.]> ’$m¡OXmar
à{H«$`m g§{hVm ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1955 (1955 Mm 26) H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao {Za{gV (1 OmZodmar, 1956
59. [H$mamdmgmEodOr H$miçm nmÊ`mMr {ejm.]>
{H$Îmm-H$c‘. 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {Za{gV (1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ.)
60. {ejm (H$mamdmgmÀ`m {dd{jV àH$aUm§‘Üò) g§nyU©V: qH$dm A§eV: gl‘ qH$dm gmYr Agy eHo$c.- AnamYr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejocm nmÌ Agoc Aem àËòH$ àH$aUmV, Aem AnamÜ`mcm {ejm XoUmè`m Ý`m`mc`mZo
{ejmXoemV, Agm H$mamdmg g§nyU©V: gl‘ Agmdm AWdm Agm H$mamdmg g§nyU©V: gmYm Agmdm AWdm Aem H$mamdmgmMm
EImXm ^mJ gl‘ d ~mH$sMm gmYm Agmdm Ago {ZX}{eV H$aUo {d{Y‘mÝ` Agoc.
61. [‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m g‘nhaUmMm {ejmXoe.] ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1921 (1921 Mm 16)-H$c‘ 4
Ûmao {Za{gV.
62. [‘¥Ë`yMr, H$miçm nmÊ`mMr qH$dm H$mamdmgmMr {ejm `m§g nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamÜ`m§~m~V ‘mc‘ÎmoMo g‘nhaU.]>
{H$Îmm-H$c‘ 4 Ûmao {Za{gV.
63. Ðì`X§S>mMr aŠH$_.- Ðì`X§S> {H$Vr aH$‘on`ªV Agmdm Vr ‘`m©Xm ì`ŠV Ho$cocr Zgoc VoWo, AnamYr Á`mg nmÌ hmoVmo
Ë`m Ðì`X§S>mÀ`m aH$‘oda ‘`m©Xm AgUma Zmhr, nU Vr a¸$‘ ~ogw‘ma AgUma Zmhr.
64. Ðì`X§S> Z âÊ`m~Ôc H$mamdmgmMr {ejm.- 2[H$mamdmg d Ë`mMà‘mUo Ðì`X§S> `m {ejm§g nmÌ Agcoë`m
AnamYm~Ôc AnamÜ`mcm Á`m‘Üò Ðì`X§S>mMr- ‘J Vmo H$mamdmgmg{hV Agmo dm Ë`m{dZm Agmo-{ejm Pmcr Agoc Aem àËòH$
àH$aUr,
Am{U 3[H$mamdmg qH$dm Ðì`X§S> qH$dm]> ’$ŠV Ðì`X§S> `m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYm~Ôc AnamÜ`mcm Á`m‘Üò
Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm Pmcr Agoc Aem àËòH$ àH$aUr,]>
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI H$aÊ¶mV Ambm. (1 OmZodmar, 1956
2. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao "AnamÜ`mcm Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm Pmcr Agoc Aem àËòH$ àH$aUr' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV
Amco.
3. 1886 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10-H$c‘ 21 (2) Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 41
Aem AnamÜ`mg {ejm XoUmè`m Ý`m`mc`mZo {ejmXoemV Ago {ZX}{eV H$aUo {d{Y‘mÝ` Agoc H$s, Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm
H$aÊ`mV H$gya Pmë`mg, AnamÜ`mcm H$mamJ¥hmV Q>mH$Ê`mV `mdo Am{U hm H$mamdmg, Ë`mcm Or H$mamdmgmMr {ejm R>moR>mdÊ`mV
Amcr Amho AWdm {ejm-n[adV©Zm‘wio Vmo Á`mcm nmÌ hmoD$ eHo$c Aem BVa H$moUË`mhr H$mamdmgmnojm A{YH$ Agoc.
65. H$mamdmg Am{U Ðì`X§S> hr {ejm XoVm òÊ`mgmaIr Agoc Voìhm, Ðì`X§S> Z âÊ`m~ÔcÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
‘`m©Xm.- AnamY hm H$mamdmgmÀ`m d Ë`mMà‘mUo Ðì`X§S>mÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, Ý`m`mc` Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm H$aÊ`mV
H$gya Ho$ë`m~Ôc AnamÜ`mcm {OVŠ`m ‘wXVrgmR>r H$mamJ¥hmV Q>mH$Ê`mMm {ZX}e XoB©c Vr ‘wXV AnamYmgmR>r {ZpíMV Ho$coë`m
H$‘mc ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m EH$-MVwÏ`mªemnojm A{YH$ AgUma Zmhr.
66. Ðì`X§S> Z âÊ`m~Ôc H$moUË`m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm.- Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm H$aÊ`mV H$gya Ho$ë`m~Ôc
Ý`m`mc` Omo H$mamdmg XoB©c Vmo H$mamdmg AnamÜ`mcm AnamYm~Ôc Á`m àH$maMm H$mamdmg {Xcm OmD$ eH$cm AgVm Aem
H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmMm Agy eHo$c.
67. AnamY ’$ŠV Ðì`X§S>mg nmÌ Agoc Voìhm Ðì`X§S> Z âë`m~Ôc H$mamdmg.- AnamY ’$ŠV Ðì`X§S>mgM nmÌ
Agoc Va, 1[Ý`m`mc` Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm H$aÊ`mV H$gya Ho$ë`m~Ôc Omo H$mamdmg XoB©c Vmo gmYm Agoc, Am{U]> Ý`m`mc`
Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm H$aÊ`mV H$gya Pmë`mg AnamÜ`mcm {OVŠ`m ‘wXVrgmR>r H$mamJ¥hmV R>odÊ`mMm {ZXoe XoB©c Vr ‘wXV nwT>rc
à‘mUmnojm A{YH$ AgUma Zmhr, åhUOoM Ðì`X§S>mMr a¸$‘ nÞmg én`m§nojm A{YH$ Zgoc Voìhm Vmo H$mamdmg OmñVrV OmñV
XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV {H$Vrhr ‘wXVrMm Agoc Am{U a¸$‘ e§â én`m§nojm A{YH$ Zgoc Voìhm Vmo H$mamdmg OmñVrVOmñV Mma
‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV {H$Vrhr ‘wXVrMm Agoc Am{U BVa H$moUË`mhr àH$aUr, OmñVrVOmñV ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV {H$Vrhr ‘wXVrMm Agoc.
68. Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm hmoVmM H$mamdmg g‘má hmoUo. Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm H$aÊ`mVrc H$gwar~Ôc XoÊ`mV Amcocm H$mamdmg
hm, Ooìhm Ho$ìhm Ðì`X§S> âÊ`mV òB©c qH$dm {d{Yà{H«$òZwgma dgyc H$aÊ`mV òB©c Voìhm g‘má hmoB©c.
69. Ðì`X§S>mMm à‘mUera {hñgm âÊ`mV Amë`mda H$mamdmgmMr g‘már.-Ðì`X§S>mMm âUm H$aÊ`mVrc H$gwar~Ôc
R>moR>mdÊ`mV Amcoë`m H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV g§nÊ`mnydu Oa, Ðì`X§S>mMm H$mhr {hñgm âÊ`mV qH$dm dgyc H$aÊ`mV Amcm d âUm
H$aÊ`mVrc H$gwar~ÔcÀ`m H$mamdmgmn¡H$s {OVŠ`m ‘wXVrMm H$mamdmg ^moJÊ`mV Amcm {VVH$s ‘wXV hr Ðì`X§S>mn¡H$s Z âcoë`m
{híí`mer à‘mUera Agcoë`m ‘`m©Xonojm H$‘r Zgoc Va, H$mamdmg g‘má hmoB©c.
CXmhaU
"H$' `mcm e§â énò Ðì`X§S> d Vmo Z âë`mg Mma ‘{hÝ`m§À`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm R>moR>mdÊ`mV Amcr Amho. `m àH$aUr,
H$mamdmgmMm EH$ ‘{hZm g§nÊ`mnydu Oa n§MmhÎma énò Ðì`X§S> âÊ`mV qH$dm dgyc H$aÊ`mV Amcm Va, n{hcm ‘{hZm g§ncm
H$s cJoM "H$' cm ‘wŠV H$aÊ`mV òB©c. Oa n{hcm ‘{hZm g§nÊ`mÀ`m doir qH$dm "H$' H$mamdmgmV Agon`ªVÀ`m H$mimV Z§Va
H$moUË`mhr doir n§MmhÎma énò âÊ`mV qH$dm dgyc H$aÊ`mV Amco Va, "H$'$cm VËH$mi ‘wŠV H$aÊ`mV òB©c. H$mamdmgmMo XmoZ
‘{hZo g§nÊ`mnydu Ðì`X§S>mn¡H$s nÞmg énò âÊ`mV qH$dm dgyc H$aÊ`mV Amco Va, XmoZ ‘{hZo nyU© Pmco H$s cJoM "H$' cm
‘wŠV H$aÊ`mV òB©c. Oa XmoZ ‘{hZo g§nÊ`mÀ`m doir qH$dm "H$' H$mamdmgmV Agon`ªVÀ`m H$mimV Z§Va H$moUË`mhr doir nÞmg
énò âÊ`mV qH$dm dgyc H$aÊ`mV Amco Va, "H$'$ cm VËH$mi ‘wŠV H$aÊ`mV òB©c.
70. ghm dfmªÀ`m AmV qH$dm H$mamJ¥hmV AgVmZm Ðì`X§S> dgwcr`mo½`. ‘¥Ë`y‘wio ‘mc‘Îmm Xm{`ËdmVyZ ‘wŠV hmoV
Zmhr.- âUm ìhmd`mMm am{hcocm Ðì`X§S> qH$dm Ë`mMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ hm, {ejmXoe XoÊ`mV Amë`mnmgyZ ghm dfmªÀ`m AmV
H$moUË`mhr doir qH$dm {ejmXoemZwgma AnamYr ghm dfmªnojm XrK© H$mcmdYrÀ`m H$mamdmgmg nmÌ Agoc Va Vmo H$mcmdYr g‘má
1. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.

42 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
hmoÊ`mnydu H$moUË`mhr doir dgyc H$aVm òB©c; Am{U AnamÜ`mÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yZ§Va Or H$moUVr ‘mc‘Îmm Ë`mÀ`m F$Um§~Ôc {d{YV:
Xm`r hmoD$ eHo$c Vr Ë`mÀ`m ‘¥Ë`y‘wio `m Xm{`ËdmVyZ ‘wŠV hmoV Zmhr.
71. AZoH$ AnamY {‘iyZ ~Zcoë`m AnamYm~ÔcÀ`m {ejoMr ‘`m©Xm. AnamY Agcocr H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AZoH$ ^mJm§Zr
~Zcocr AgyZ, Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUVmhr ^mJ hm ñd`‘od AnamY Agoc Ë`m ~m~VrV, AnamÜ`mcm Ë`mÀ`m Aem AnamYm§n¡H$s EH$mnojm
A{YH$ AnamYm§~ÔcMr {ejm XoÊ`mV òUma Zmhr; ‘mÌ Vgo ñnï>nUo Cn~§{YV Ho$co Agoc Va Jmoï> Acm{hXm.
1
[Ë`m-Ë`m doir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m Á`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÛmao AnamYm§Mr ì`m»`m {Xcocr Agoc qH$dm Ë`m~Ôc {ejm
XoÊ`mV òV Agoc Ë`m H$m`ÚmÀ`m XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ doJdoJiçm ì`m»`m§Zwgma EImXr Jmoï> hr, AnamY Agoc Ë`m ~m~VrV, qH$dm
Á`m§À`mn¡H$s EH$ qH$dm EH$mhÿZ A{YH$ H¥$Vr ñd`‘o` AnamY R>aÊ`mgma»`m AmhoV Aem AZoH$ H¥$Vr {‘iyZ EImXm
doJimM AnamY KS>V Agoc Ë`m ~m~VrV,
Ë`m AnamÜ`mcm, Ë`mMr g§narjm H$aUmao Ý`m`mc` Aem§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr EH$m AnamYm~Ôc {OVH$s H$S>H$ {ejm XoD$
eH$co AgVo Ë`mnojm A{YH$ H$S>H$ {ejm XoÊ`mV òUma Zmhr.]>
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm "¶' cm H$mR>rZo nÞmg VS>mIo hmUVmo. òWo "H$'$Zo g§nyU© ‘mahmUrÛmao Am{U Vr g§nyU© ‘mahmU Á`m àhmam§Zr
{‘iyZ ~Zcr Ë`m àËòH$ àhmamÛmaoXoIrc "¶' cm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm AnamY Ho$cocm Agy eHo$c. Oa
"H$'$hm àËòH$ àhmam~Ôc {ejog nmÌ AgVm Va àËòH$ àhmamJ{UH$ EH$ df© `mà‘mUo Ë`mcm nÞmg df} H$mamJ¥hmV
R>odVm Amco AgVo. na§Vw, Vmo g§nyU© ‘mahmUr~Ôc ’$ŠV EH$mM {ejog nmÌ Amho.
(b) na§Vw, "H$' hm "¶' cm ‘mahmU H$aV AgVmZm "‘' ‘Üò nS>cm d "H$'$Zo "‘' da CÔoenyd©H$ VS>mIm hmUcm Va,
"‘' da Ho$cocm àhma hm Á`m H¥$VtÛmao "H$'$hm "¶' cm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV H$aVmo Ë`mMm ^mJ Zgë`m‘wio "H$'$hm
"¶' cm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV Ho$ë`m~Ôc EH$m {ejocm Am{U "‘' da Ho$coë`m àhmam~Ôc Xwgè`m {ejocm nmÌ Amho.
72. AZoH$ AnamYm§n¡H$s EH$m~Ôc Xmofr Agcocr ì`ŠVr Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`m AnamYm§~Ôc Xmofr Amho Vo e§H$mñnX
Agë`mMo Ý`m`-{ZU©`mV Z‘yX Ho$coco Agoc Voìhm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm {ejm.- Ý`m`{ZU©`mV {d{Z{X©ï> Ho$coë`m AZoH$ AnamYm§n¡H$s
EH$m AnamYm~Ôc EImXr ì`ŠVr Xmofr Amho, na§Vw Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`m AnamYm~Ôc Vr Xmofr Amho Vo e§H$mñnX Amho, Agm
Ý`m`{ZU©` XoÊ`mV Amcoë`m gd© àH$aUr, gd© AnamYm§gmR>r gmaIrM {ejm Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr Zgoc Va Ë`m§n¡H$s Á`m~Ôc gdm©V
H$‘r {ejm Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr Agoc Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc AnamÜ`mcm {ejm XoÊ`mV òB©c.
73. EH$m§V ~§{Xdmg.- Ý`m`mc`mcm `m g§{hVoImcr Á`m AnamYm~Ôc EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
XoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma Amho Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc Ooìhm Ho$ìhm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm {gÕXmof R>adÊ`mV òB©c Voìhm, Ý`m`mc` Ë`mÀ`m
{ejmXoemÛmao Agm AmXoe XoD$ eHo$c H$s, AnamÜ`mcm Á`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm {Xcocr Agoc Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr EH$m qH$dm
AZoH$ A§eH$mcmnwaVo; nU gd© {‘iyZ VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§nojm A{YH$ H$mi Zmhr- nwT>rc à‘mUmZwgma Ë`mcm EH$m§§V ~§{XdmgmV
R>odÊ`mV `mdo, Vo à‘mU Ago :-
H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV ghm ‘{hÝ`m§nojm A{YH$ Zgoc Va, OmñVrV OmñV EH$ ‘{hZm BVH$m H$mi; H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV ghm
‘{hÝ`m§nojm A{YH$ Agoc Am{U 2[EH$ dfm©nojm A{YH$ Zgoc]> Va, OmñVrV OmñV XmoZ ‘{hZo BVH$m H$mi; H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV
EH$ dfm©nojm A{YH$ Agoc Va, OmñVrV OmñV VrZ ‘{hZo BVH$m H$mi.

2. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 5 Ûmao "dfm©nojm H$‘r Agoc' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 43
74. EH$m§V ~§{XdmgmMr ‘`m©Xm.- EH$m§V ~§{XdmgmÀ`m {ejmXoemMr A§‘c~OmdUr H$aVmZm, Agm ~§{Xdmg H$moUË`mhr
àH$aUr EH$m doir Mm¡Xm {Xdgm§nojm A{YH$ AgUma Zmhr d EH$m§V ~§{XdmgmÀ`m H$mcmdYrÀ`m Xaå`mZMr H$mcm§Vao Aem
H$mcmdYrÀ`m ì`márnojm H$‘r AgUma ZmhrV, Am{U R>moR>mdÊ`mV Amcocm H$mamdmg VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§nojm A{YH$ Agoc Voìhm, EH$m§V
~§{Xdmg hm {Xcoë`m g§nyU© H$mamdmgmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr EH$m ‘{hÝ`m‘Üò gmV {Xdgm§nojm A{YH$ AgUma Zmhr d EH$m§V ~§{XdmgmÀ`m
H$mcmdYtÀ`m Xaå`mZMr H$mcm§Vao Aem H$mcmdYrnojm H$‘r ì`márMr AgVrc.
1
[75. àH$aU 12 do qH$dm àH$aU 17 do `mImcr nydu Xmof{gÕr Pmcr AgVm, Ë`mImcrc {dd{jV AnamYm§~Ôc
dmT>rd {ejm.- Omo H$moUr,-
(a) `m g§{hVoVrc àH$aU 12 do qH$dm àH$aU 17 do `mImcr VrZ df} qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m
{ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYm~Ôc 2[^maVmVrc]> EImÚm Ý`m`mc`mZo,
3
(b) ***
Ë`mg {gÕXmof R>adcoco AgVmZm, Ë`m Xmohm|nH¡ $s H$moUË`mhr àH$aUmImcr {VVŠ`mM ‘wXVrÀ`m Ë`mM àH$maÀ`m H$mamdgmÀ`m
{ejog nmÌ Agcocm H$moUVmhr AnamY Ho$ë`m~Ôc Xmofr hmoB©c Vmo Aem Z§VaÀ`m àËòH$ AnamYm~Ôc 4[AmOrd H$mamdmgmg]>
qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmg nmÌ R>aoc.]>
àH$aU 4 Wo
gd©gmYmaU AndmX
76. {d{YV: ~Õ Agcoë`m AWdm VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘wio ñdV:cm {d{YV: ~Õ g‘OUmè`m ì`ŠVroZo Ho$cocr
H¥$Vr.- Or ì`ŠVr EImXr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Amho qH$dm Or ì`ŠVr Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg AmnU {d{YV: ~Õ AmhmoV Ago
{d{Y{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘wio Zìho Va VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘yio gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OVo Aem ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cocr Vr Jmoï> hr AnamY hmoV
Zmhr.
CXmhaU
(a) "H$' hm g¡{ZH$ {d{Y{d{hV g‘mXoem§Zm Yê$Z Ë`mÀ`m d[að> A{YH$mè`mÀ`m AmXoemdê$Z O‘mdmda Jmoir~ma H$aVmo.
"H$'$ Zo H$mhrhr AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
(b) Ý`m`mc`mMm A{YH$mar "H$'$ `mcm Ë`m Ý`m`mc`mZo "‘'cm AQ>H$ H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe {Xcocm AgVm, `Wm`mo½`
Mm¡H$er Ho$ë`mZ§Va Vmo, "¶' cm "‘' g‘OyZ AQ>H$ H$aVmo. "H$'$Zo H$mhrhr AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
77. Ý`m{`H$V: H$m`© H$aV AgVmZm Ý`m`mYremMr H¥$Vr.- H$m`ÚmZo Ý`m`mYremcm {Xcocm Amho AWdm {Xcm Agë`mMo
Vmo gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OVmo Aem H$moUË`mhr A{YH$mamMm dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vmo Ý`m{`H$V: H$m`© H$aV AgVmZm Ë`mZo Oo Ho$co
Agoc Vo H$mhrhr AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
78.Ý`m`mc`mMm Ý`m`{ZU©`mcm qH$dm AmXoemcm AZwgê$Z Ho$cocr H¥$Vr.- Ý`m`mc`mMm Ý`m`{ZU©` qH$dm AmXoe
`mcm AZwgê$Z Or Jmoï> Ho$cr Amho qH$dm Ë`mÛmao {Ocm g‘W©Z {‘imco Amho Vr Oa Agm Ý`m`{ZU©` qH$dm AmXoe A§‘cmV
1. 1910 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr ho H$c‘ XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
2. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "
{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m ' `mEodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao, I§S> (a) À`m eodQ>r Agcocm ""qH$dm'' hm eãX d I§S> (b) dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
4. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao " OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr ' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
44 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
AgVmZm Ho$cocr Agoc Va Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr, ‘J Agm Ý`m`{ZU©` qH$dm AmXoe XoÊ`mMr Ý`m`mc`mcm
A{YH$m[aVm ZìhVr Ago Agco Var haH$V Zmhr; ‘mÌ Vr H¥$Vr H$aUmar ì`ŠVr Ý`m`mc`mcm Aer A{YH$m[aVm hmoVr Ago
gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OV Agcr nm{hOo.
79. {d{YV: g‘W©Z {‘imcoë`m qH$dm Vgo ñdV:cm g‘W©Z Amho Ago VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘wio g‘OUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo
Ho$cocr H¥$Vr.- EImXr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg Á`m ì`ŠVrcm {d{YV: g‘W©Z {‘imcoco Amho qH$dm Or ì`ŠVr Vr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg
AmnUmcm {d{YV: g‘W©Z Amho Ago {d{Y{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘wio Zìho Va VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^wcr‘wio gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OVo Aem
ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cocr Vr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
CXmhaU
"H$' cm Or Jmoï> IyZ Agë`mMo dmQ>Vo Vr Jmoï> "¶' H$aV AgVmZm "H$' Ë`mcm nmhmVmo. àË`jmV IyZ H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVtZm
nH$S>Ê`mMm Omo A{YH$ma H$m`ÚmZo gd© ì`ŠVtZm {Xcocm Amho Ë`mMm gX²^mdnyd©H$ Mmcdcoë`m Amnë`m gdm}Îm‘ {ZU©`~wÕrZwgma
dmna H$éZ "H$'$ hm "¶$' cm `mo½` àm{YH$mè`mg§‘moa AmUÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mcm gŠVrZo Vmã`mV KoVmo. "¶' ñdg§ajUmW© Vgo H$aV
hmoVm Ago ‘mJmhÿZ AmT>iyZ Amco Varhr, "H$' Zo H$mhrhr AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
80. H$m`Xoera H¥$Vr H$aVmZm AnKmV.- H$m`Xoera arVrZo H$m`Xoera gmYZm§Zr Am{U `mo½` Vr H$miOr d I~aXmar
KoD$Z EImXr H$m`Xoera H¥$Vr H$aV AgVmZm AnKmVmZo qH$dm XwX£dmZo, Am{U H$moUVmhr JwÝhoJmar CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd ZgVmZm
Or Jmoï> hmVyZ KS>Vo Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
CXmhaU
"H$' hm chmZ Hw$èhmS>rZo H$m‘ H$aV AgVmo, {VMm ‘w§T>m CS>Vmo Am{U ~mOyg Cä`m Agcoë`m ‘mUgmcm cmJyZ Vmo ‘aVmo.
òWo, "H$' H$Sy>Z `mo½` I~aXmar KoÊ`mV H$gya Pmcr Zgoc Va, Ë`mMr H¥$Vr jå` Amho Am{U Vr AnamY Zìho.
81. AnhmZr H$aÊ`mMm g§^d Agcocr, nU JwÝhoJmar CÔoem{edm`, Am{U AÝ` AnhmZr hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ Ho$cocr
H¥$Vr.- H$moUVrhr Jmoï> Oa AnhmZr H$aÊ`mMm JwÝhoJmar CÔoe ZgVmZm Am{U earamMr qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoMr AÝ` AnhmZr hmoD$ Zò
åhUyZ qH$dm Vr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocr Agoc Va, Ë`m Jmoï>r‘wio AnhmZr hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm
Vr Ho$cr Jocr EdT>çmM Ho$di H$maUmZo Vr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU.-{Ocm à{V~§Y H$amd`mMm qH$dm Or Q>mimd`mMr Vr AnhmZr Aem ñdê$nmMr qH$dm BVH$s A{V{ZH$Q> hmoVr
H$m` H$s, Á`m`moJo Vr H¥$Vr {VÀ`m‘wio AnhmZr hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aer OmUrd AgVmZm H$aUo ho g‘W©Zr` qH$dm jå` hmoB©c
hm Aem àH$aUr VÏ`mMm àíZ AgVmo.
CXmhaUo
(a) AmJ~moQ>rMm H$ámZ "H$' AH$ñ‘mV² Am{U Ë`mÀ`m njr H$moUVmhr Xmof qH$dm h`J` ZgVmZm, Aem n[apñWVrV
gmnS>Vmo H$s, AmJ~moQ> Wm§~dy eH$Ê`mnydu Ë`mZo Amnë`m ~moQ>rMm ‘mJ© ~Xccm Zmhr Va, An[ahm`©nUo "I' `m
~moQ>rer Q>¸$a hmoD$Z {VÀ`mdarc drg qH$dm Vrg CVmê$§ gh Vr ~wS>Uma, Am{U ‘mJ© ~Xcë`mg Ë`m‘wio "J' `m
~moQ>rer Q>¸$a hmoD$Z {VÀ`mdarc ’$ŠV XmoZ CVmê$§gh Vr ~wS>Ê`mMm YmoH$m Ë`mcm nËH$amdm cmJUma, nU Ë`mVyZ
Vmo H$Xm{MV nmahr nSy> eHo$c. `m~m~VrV Oa "J' `m ~moQ>rer Q>¸$a H$ê$Z {Vcm ~wS>dÊ`mMm H$moUVmhr CÔoe
ZgVm§Zm d "I' `m ~moQ>rVrc CVmê$§Zm hmoUmam YmoH$m Q>miÊ`mgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ "H$'$Zo Amncm ‘mJ© ~Xccm Am{U
Or‘wio n[aUm‘r "J' `m ~moQ>rer Q>¸$a hmoD$Z Vr ~wS>Ê`mMm g§^d Amho ho Ë`mcm ‘mhrV hmoVo Vr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z Ë`mZo
Vr ~moQ> ~wS>dcr Var, Oa Aer dñVwpñWVr AmT>iyZ Amcr H$s, Omo YmoH$m Q>miÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe hmoVm Vmo Aem
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 45
àH$maMm hmoVm H$s, OoUoH$ê$Z, "J' `m ~moQ>rer Q>¸$a hmoD$Z Vr ~wS>Ê`mMm YmoH$m nËH$aUo jå` hmoB©c Va, Vmo
AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr hmoV Zmhr.
(b) ‘moR>r AmJ cmJcr AgVm, Vmo ^S>H$m ngê$ Zò `mgmR>r "H$'$Kao nmSy>Z Q>mH$Vmo. ‘mZdr Or{dV qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmm
dmMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo gX²^mdnyd©H$ Vmo ho H$aVmo. `m~m~VrV, Q>mimd`mMr AnhmZr Aem ñdê$nmMr d BVH$s
A{V{ZH$Q> hmoVr H$s, Á`m`moJo "H$'$Mr H¥$Vr jå` R>aVo Ago AmT>iyZ Amë`mg, "H$' Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr hmoV
Zmhr.
82. gmV df} d`mImcrc ~mcH$mMr H¥$Vr.- gmV df} d`mImcrc ~mcH$mZo Ho$cocr H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
83. gmV dfmªdarc d ~mam dfm©ªImcrc An[an¹$ g‘O-eŠVr Agcoë`m ~mcH$mMr H¥$Vr.- Or Jmoï> gmV dfmªdarc
d ~mam dfmªImcrc d`mÀ`m EImÚm ~mcH$mZo Ho$cr AgyZ Ë`m àg§JrÀ`m Amnë`m dV©ZmMo ñdê$n d n[aUm‘ AmO‘mdVm
òÊ`mBVnV nwaoer n[an¹$Vm Ë`mÀ`m g‘OeŠVrcm Amcocr Zmhr Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
84. ‘Zmo{dH$c ì`ŠVrMr H¥$Vr.- Or ì`ŠVr EImXr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir Ë`m H¥$VrMo ñdê$n H$m` Amho AWdm AmnU
Oo H$aV AmhmoV Vo J¡a qH$dm H$m`ÚmÀ`m {déÕ Amho ho OmUÊ`mg ‘Zmo{dH$cVo‘wio Ag‘W© Agoc Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cocr Aer
H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
85. ñdV:À`m BÀN>o{déÕ Zem MT>dÊ`mV Amë`m‘wio {ZU©`~wÕr MmcdÊ`mg Ag‘W© Pmcoë`m ì`ŠVrMr H¥$Vr.- Or
ì`ŠVr EImXr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir Ë`m H¥$VrMo ñdê$n H$m` Amho AWdm AmnU Oo H$aVmo AmhmoV Vo J¡a qH$dm H$m`ÚmÀ`m {déÕ
Amho ho OmUÊ`mg Zeo‘wio Ag‘W© Agoc Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cocr Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr; ‘mÌ Á`m‘wio {Vcm Zem
MT>cr Vo Ðì` {Vcm {VÀ`m ZH$iV qH$dm {VÀ`m BÀN>o{déÕ nmOÊ`mV Amcoco Agco nm{hOo.
86. Á`m‘Üò {d{eï> CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd Amdí`H$ AgVo Agm AnamY Zem MT>coë`m ì`ŠVrZo Ho$cm AgVm.- Ooìhm
Ho$cocr H¥$Vr hr {d{eï> Om{UdoZo qH$dm CÔoemZo Ho$cocr Agë`m{edm` AnamY hmoV Zmhr Aem àH$aUm§‘Üò, Or ì`ŠVr ZeoÀ`m
AdñWoV Vr H¥$Vr H$aVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm Zem MT>cr ZgVr Va Or OmUrd {Vcm Pmcr AgVr Vr OUy H$mhr Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm hmoVr
Ago g‘OyZ {VÀ`m{déÕ H$m`©dmhr Ho$cr OmÊ`mg Vr nmÌ Agoc, ‘mÌ Á`m‘wio Zem MT>cr Vo Ðì` {VÀ`m ZH$iV qH$dm {VÀ`m
BÀN>o{déÕ {Vcm nmOÊ`mV Amcoco Zgmdo.
87. {OÀ`m‘Üò ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KSy>Z `mdr Agm CÔoe Zmhr qH$dm Vgm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd Zmhr Aer
g§‘VrZo Ho$cocr H¥$Vr.- {OÀ`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KSy>Z `mdr Agm CÔoe Zmhr Am{U {OÀ`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a
XwImnV KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr H$Ë`m©cm OmUrd Zmhr Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï>, {VÀ`m‘wio hmoUmam H$moUVmhr Anm`
gmogÊ`mg {OZo ì`ŠV qH$dm Cnc{jV g§‘Vr {Xcr Amho Aem AR>am df} d`mImcrc H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm Vmo Anm` Pmcm qH$dm
Vmo ìhmdm Ago H$Ë`m©cm CÔo{eV hmoVo `m H$maUmZo, AWdm {VÀ`m‘wio hmoUmè`m H$moUË`mhr Anm`mMm YmoH$m nËH$aÊ`mg Aem Á`m
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo g§‘Vr {Xcr Amho {Vcm Ë`m Jmoï>r‘wio Vmo Anm` hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr H$Ë`m©cm OmUrd hmoVr `m H$maUmZo
AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
CXmhaU
"H$' d "¶' ho H$a‘UwH$sImVa EH$‘oH$m§~amo~a eóH«$sS>m H$aÊ`mMo R>adVmV. `mà‘mUo eóH«$sS>m H$aÊ`mÀ`m AmoKmV J¡aS>md
ZgVmZm Omo H$moUVmhr Anm` hmoB©c Vmo gmogÊ`mg àËòH$mMr g§‘Vr Agë`mMo `m R>amdmV Cnc{jV Amho, Am{U Ý`mæ`nUo
IoiV AgVmZm, "H$'$H$Sy>Z "¶' cm XwImnV Pmcr Va, "H$' Mm H$mhrhr AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
46 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
88. ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm CÔoe ZgVmZm, ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r {VÀ`m g§‘VrZo gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocr H¥$Vr.-
{OÀ`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z `mdm Agm CÔoe Zmhr Aer Or Jmoï> EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$aÊ`mV Amcr AgyZ
{VÀ`m‘wio KS>Umam H$moUVmhr Anm` gmogÊ`mg, qH$dm Ë`m Anm`mMm YmoH$m nËH$aÊ`mg {VZo ì`ŠV qH$dm Cnc{jV g§‘Vr
{Xcocr Agoc Va, Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm Vmo Anm` Pmcm qH$dm Vmo ìhmdm Ago H$Ë`m©cm CÔo{eV hmoVo qH$dm Vmo hmoÊ`mMm
g§^d Agë`mMr H$Ë`m©cm OmUrd hmoVr `m H$maUmZo Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
CXmhaU
EH$m doXZmnyU© {dH$mamZo nr{S>V Agcoë`m "¶' Mm {d{eï> eó{H«$ò‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Amho Aer OmUrd
AgVmZm, nU "¶' Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm CÔoe ZgVmZm Am{U "¶' À`m {hVmMm CÔoe gX²^mdnyd©H$ ~miJyZ "H$'$ hm
eë`{M{H$ËgH$ "¶' À`m g§‘VrZo Ë`mÀ`mda Vr eó{H«$`m H$aVmo. "H$'$Zo H$mhrhr AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
89. ~mcH$mÀ`m qH$dm ^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r nmcH$mZo qH$dm nmcH$mÀ`m g§‘Vr{Zer gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocr
H¥$Vr.- ~mam dfmªImcrc d`mÀ`m qH$dm {dH$c ‘ZmÀ`m EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r nmcH$mZo qH$dm Á`mÀ`mH$S>o Ë`m ì`ŠVrMm
H$m`Xoera ajU^ma Amho Aem AÝ` AWdm Ë`mÀ`m AJa {VÀ`m ì`ŠV qH$dm Cnc{jV g§‘Vr{Zer gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocr
H$moUVrhr Jmoï>, {VÀ`m‘wio Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm Omo H$moUVmhr Anm` KS>oc, qH$dm KS>mdm Ago H$Ë`m©cm CÔo{eV Agoc, qH$dm KS>Ê`mMm
g§^d Agë`mMr H$Ë`m©cm OmUrd Agoc Ë`m Anm`m‘wio AnamY hmoV Zmhr ; na§Vw--
(EH$) CÔoenyd©H$ ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m, qH$dm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r Ho$coë`m à`ËZmÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy
AgUma Zmhr;
(XmoZ) H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrcm Ë`m Jmoï>r‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Amho Aer OmUrd Agoc Va, Vr Jmoï>
‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV Q>miUo `mhÿZ AWdm H$moUVmhr ^rfU amoJ qH$dm {dH$cVm ~ar H$aUo `mhÿZ AÝ` H$moUË`mhr
à`moOZmgmR>r H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy AgUma Zmhr;
(VrZ) BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mÀ`m, qH$dm O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy
AgUma Zmhr-‘mÌ ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV Q>miÊ`mgmR>r AWdm H$moUVmhr ^rfU amoJ qH$dm {dH$cVm ~ar
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vo Ho$co Agoc Va Jmoï> doJir;
(Mma) Omo H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy hmoÊ`mgmaIm Zmhr Ë`mÀ`m AnàoaUmÀ`m ~m~VrV Vmo cmJy
AgUma Zmhr.
CXmhaU
‘wVIS>m H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mgmR>r Amnë`m AnË`mda eó{H«$`m Ho$ë`mg Ë`m‘wio Ë`mMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr
OmUrd AgVmZm, nU Ë`m AnË`mMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z `mdm Agm CÔoe ZgVmZm H$ Amnë`m AnË`mÀ`m {hVmgmR>r Ë`mÀ`m g§‘Vr{edm`
`mÀ`mda eë`{M{H$ËgH$mH$adr eó{H«$`m H$adVmo. AnË`mcm ~ao H$aUo ho "H$'$Mo C{Ôï> hmoVo, Ago Agë`m‘wio Vmo AndmXmÀ`m
H$joV òVmo.
90. ^`mnmoQ>r qH$dm J¡ag‘OmnmoQ>r g§‘Vr {Xcr Agë`mMr OmUrd AgUo.- Oa BOm hmoÊ`mÀ`m ^`mnmoQ>r qH$dm EImÚm
VÏ`m~m~VÀ`m J¡ag‘OmnmoQ>r g§‘Vr XoÊ`mV Amcocr AgyZ, Aem ^`m‘wio qH$dm J¡ag‘Om‘wio Vr g§‘Vr XoÊ`mV Amcr ho Vr H¥$Vr
H$aUmar ì`ŠVr OmUyZ Agoc qH$dm Ago g‘OÊ`mg {Vcm H$maU Agoc Va; AWdm
^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVrMr g§‘Vr.- Oa EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo g§‘Vr {Xcr AgyZ, AmnU Á`mcm g§‘Vr XoV AmhmoV Ë`mMo ñdê$n d
n[aUm‘ g‘OÊ`mg Vr ‘Zmo{dH$cVo‘wio qH$dm Zeo‘wio Ag‘W© Agoc Va; AWdm
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 47
~mcH$mMr g§‘Vr.- ~mam df} d`mImcrc ì`ŠVrZo g§‘Vr {Xcocr AgVm, g§X^m©dê$Z H$mhr {déÕ {XgyZ òV Zgoc Va,
Vr g§‘Vr `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$c‘mcm CÔo{eV Agcocr Aer g§‘Vr Zìho.
91. Á`m H¥$Vr Ë`m§À`m‘wio hmoUmè`m Anm`mÀ`m {ZanojVoZo AnamY AmhoV Ë`m dJiUo. - Á`m H¥$Vr g§‘Vr XoUmè`m qH$dm
{OÀ`m dVrZo g§‘Vr {Xcr OmVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm Ë`m‘wio Omo H$moUVmhr Anm` KS>oc, qH$dm KS>mdm Agm CÔoe Agoc, qH$dm
KS>Ê`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd Agoc Ë`m Anm`m‘wio Zìho Va ñdV§ÌnUo AnamY R>aVmV, Ë`m§Zm H$c‘o 87, 88, d 89
`m§‘Yrc AndmX cmJy hmoUma Zmhr.
CXmhaU
J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUUo (EImÚm órMo àmU dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r Vmo gX²^mdnyd©H$ KS>dyZ AmUcocm Agoc Va Jmoï> doJir) hm,
Ë`m‘wio Ë`m órcm Omo H$moUVmhr Anm` KS>oc qH$dm KS>mdm Agm CÔoe Agoc Ë`m‘wio Zìho Va ñdV§ÌnUo AnamY Amho åhUyZ,
Vmo Aem Anm`m‘wio AnamY hmoV Zmhr, Am{U Agm J^©ómd KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mg Ë`m órZo qH$dm {VÀ`m nmcH$mZo {Xcoë`m
g§‘Vr‘wio Ë`m H¥$VrMo g‘W©Z hmoV Zmhr.
92. gX²^mdnyd©H$ EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r g§‘Vr{edm` Ho$cocr H¥$Vr.- H$moUVrhr Jmoï> EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m
{hVmgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocr AgyZ, g§‘Vr Xe©dUo Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm eŠ` Zmhr Aer n[apñWVr Agoc Va, AWdm Vr ì`ŠVr
g§‘Vr XoÊ`mV Ag‘W© AgyZ, {Vcm {hVH$maH$ hmoB©c AemàH$mao Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mgmR>r doirM Á`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z g§‘Vr {‘idUo eŠ`
hmoB©c Agm {VMm H$moUrhr nmcH$ qH$dm Á`mÀ`mH$S>o {VMm H$m`Xoera ajU^ma Amho Agm AÝ` Bg‘ Zgoc Va, Ë`m ì`ŠVrMr
g§‘Vr Z KoVmhr Vr Jmoï> Ho$cr Var, {VÀ`m `moJo Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm H$moUVmhr Anm` KS>ë`mg Ë`m‘wio Vr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr; na§Vw
na§VwHo$.-
(EH$) CÔoenyd©H$ ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m, qH$dm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy
AgUma Zmhr.
(XmoZ) H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrcm, Ë`m Jmoï>r‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Amho Aer OmUrd Agoc Va, Vr Jmoï>
‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV Q>miUo `mhÿZ AWdm H$moUVmhr ^rfU amoJ qH$dm {dH$cVm ~ar H$aUo `mhÿZ AÝ` H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmgmR>r
H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy AgUma Zmhr.
(VrZ) ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm XwImnV Q>miUo `mhÿZ AÝ` H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm XwImnV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy AgUma Zmhr.
(Mma) Omo H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV hm AndmX cmJy hmoÊ`mgmaIm Zmhr Ë`mÀ`m AnàoaUmÀ`m ~m~VrV Vmo cmJy
AgUma Zmhr.
CXmhaU
(a) "¶' Amnë`m KmoS>çmdê$Z nS>Vmo d ~oewÕ hmoVmo. "¶' da H$dQ>rcm ^moH$ nmS>Ê`mMr eó{H«$`m H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho
Ago "H$'$`m epë`{M{H$ËgH$mcm AmT>iyZ òVo. "¶' cm ñdV:Mm {ZU©` H$aÊ`mMr eŠVr nwÝhm àmá hmoÊ`mnydu, "H$'$
hm "¶' Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>mdm `m CÔoemZo Zìho, Va "¶' Mo {hV ìhmdo `m gX²^mdZoZo Vr eó{H«$`m H$aVmo. "H$' Zo H$mhrhr
AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
(b) EH$ dmK "¶' cm nidyZ ZoVmo. dmKmda Jmoir PmS>ë`mg Ë`m JmoirZo "¶' H$Xm{MV ‘macm OmB©c Agm g§^d Amho
ho OmUyZhr nU "¶' cm ‘maÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Zìho, Va "¶' Mo {hV ìhmdo `m gX²^mdZoZo "H$'$dmKmda Jmoir PmS>Vmo.
"H$'$À`m JmoirZo "¶'cm àmUKmVH$ OI‘ hmoVo. "H$' Zo H$mhrhr AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
48 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(c) "H$'$ `m eë`{M{H$ËgH$mcm Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, EH$ ~mcH$ AnKmVmV gmnS>coco AgyZ Vm~S>Vmo~ eó{H«$`m Ho$cr
Zmhr Va, Vmo àmUKmVH$ R>aÊ`mMm g§^d Amho. ~mcH$mÀ`m nmcH$mH$S>o {dZ§Vr H$aÊ`mg doi Zmhr. ~mcH$mÀ`m
{dZdÊ`m§g Z Ow‘mZVm Ë`mÀ`m {hVmÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' gX²^mdnyd©H$ Vr eó{H«$`m H$aVmo. "H$' Zo H$mhrhr AnamY
Ho$cocm Zmhr.
(d) AmJ cmJcoë`m KamV "H$'$hm "¶' `m ‘wcmgh Amho. ImcMo cmoH$ Km|JS>r ngê$Z YaVmV. KamÀ`m Jƒrdê$Z ‘wcmcm
Imcr Q>mH$ë`mg, Ë`mÀ`m nS>Ê`m‘wio ‘yc ‘aÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgyZ, nU ‘wcmcm ‘maÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo Zìho, Va ‘wcmÀ`m {hVmÀ`m CÔoemZo gX²^mdnyd©H$ Vmo Vgo H$aVmo. `m ~m~VrV dê$Z nS>ë`m‘wio Vo ‘yc ‘oco
Var, H$ Zo H$mhrhr AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU- ZwgVm Am{W©H$ ’$m`Xm åhUOo H$c‘o 88, 89 d 92 `m§À`m AWm©Zwgma {hV Zìho.
93. gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$coco {ZdoXZ.- gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$coco H$moUVohr {ZdoXZ Á`m ì`ŠVrcm Vo H$aÊ`mV Amco {VÀ`m
{hVmgmR>r Ho$coco Agoc Va, Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm hmoUmè`m H$moUË`mhr Anm`m‘wio Vo AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
CXmhaU
"H$'$ hm eë`{M{H$ËgH$ EH$m é½Umcm, Vmo OJy eH$Uma Zmhr ho Amnco ‘V {ZdoXZ H$aVmo. Ë`m YŠŠ`m‘wio é½U ‘¥Ë`y
nmdVmo. `m {ZdoXZm‘wio é½UmMm H$Xm{MV ‘¥Ë`y KS>oc Agm g§^d Amho `mMr "H$'$cm OmUrd Agcr Var, Ë`mZo H$mhrhr AnamY
Ho$cocm Zmhr.
94. Y‘Š`m§Ûmao Or H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mMr gŠVr ì`ŠVrda hmoVo Vr H¥$Vr.- IyZ Am{U ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoco
Xoe{damoYr AnamY IoarOH$ê$Z, EImXr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir EImÚm ì`ŠVrda, Vr Ho$cr Zmhr Va n[aUm‘r Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm qH$dm
Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m Ë`mdoir hOa Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr OdiÀ`m ZmVcJmMm VËH$mi ‘¥Ë`y KS>oc qH$dm Ë`mcm O~a emar[aH$ Anm`
KS>oc Aer YmñVr dmOdrnUo {Z‘m©U H$aUmè`m Y‘Š`m§‘wio Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mMr gŠVr hmoVo Voìhm, {VZo Ho$cocr Vr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV
Zmhr-‘mÌ Vr H¥$Vr H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo ñdV: hmoD$Z, AWdm VËH$mi ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a emar[aH$ Anm` `mhÿZ gm¡å` Agm Anm`
ñdV:cm KS>oc Aem dmOdr YmñVrnmoQ>r, OoUoH$ê$Z {VÀ`mda Aer ~iO~ar hmoB©c Aer n[apñWVr AmoT>dyZ KoVcocr AgVm Zò.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.-Or ì`ŠVr ñdV: hmoD$Z, qH$dm ‘mahmUrÀ`m Y‘H$s‘wio XamoS>oImoam§À`m Q>moirV Ë`m§Mo Iao ñdê$n OmUV
AgVmhr gm‘rc hmoVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm {d{YV: AnamY Agoc Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg {VÀ`m gmWrXmam§Zr gŠVr Ho$cr `m
H$maUmdê$Z, Vr ì`ŠVr `m AndmXmMm ’$m`Xm {‘iÊ`mg h¸$Xma hmoV Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- XamoS>oImoam§À`m Q>moirZo EImÚm Bg‘mcm nH$S>co d VmËH$mi ‘¥Ë`yMr Y‘H$s XoD$Z Ë`mcm {d{YV: AnamY
Agoc Aer Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>co Va,-CXmhaUmW©, XadS>oImoam§Zm EH$m KamV àdoe H$ê$Z Vo cwQ>Vm `mdo åhUyZ Amncr
hË`mao KoD$Z Ë`m KamMm XadmOm ’$moS>Ê`mMr EImÚm cmohmamda gŠVr H$aÊ`mV Amcr Va, Vmo `m AndmXmMm ’$m`Xm {‘iÊ`mg
h¸$Xma Amho.
95. Aëngm Anm` H$aUmar H¥$Vr.- EImÚm Jmoï>r‘wio hmoUmam H$moUVmhr Anm` Oa BVH$m Aën Agoc H$s, H$moUrhr
gd©gm‘mÝ` ~wÕrMr d d¥ÎmrMr ì`ŠVr Aem Anm`m~Ôc VH«$ma H$aUma Zmhr Va, {VÀ`m‘wio Vgm Anm` Pmcm qH$dm Vmo ìhmdm
Agm CÔoe hmoVm qH$dm Vmo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd hmoVr `m H$maUmZo Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m h¸$m{df`r
96. ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m AmoKmV Ho$coë`m Jmoï>r.- ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ ~OmdÊ`mgmR>r Ho$cocr
H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AnamY hmoV Zmhr.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 49
97. earamMm d ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$.- H$c‘ 99 ‘Üò A§V^y©V Agcocm {Z~ªYmÀ`m AYrZVoZo,
àËòH$ ì`ŠVrcm-
(EH$) ‘mZdr earamcm ~mYH$ hmoUmè`m H$moUË`mhr AnamYmnmgyZ, {VMo ñdV:Mo eara Am{U AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMo
eara;
(XmoZ) Mmoar, O~ar Mmoar, AmJirH$ qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U `mÀ`m ì`m»òV òUmam AnamY AWdm Mmoar, O~ar
Mmoar, AmJirH$ qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ `m ñdê$nmVrc H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrnmgyZ ñdV:Mr qH$dm AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMr O§J‘ qH$dm ñWmda ‘mc‘Îmm,
`m§Mm ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ Amho.
98. ‘Zmo{dH$c, BË`mXr ì`ŠVrÀ`m H¥$VrnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$.- Or H¥$Vr Eaìhr EImXm {dd{jV
AnamY R>acr AgVr Vr H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~mcd`m‘wio, {VÀ`m R>m`r n[an¹$ g‘OeŠVrMm A^md Agë`m‘wio, {VÀ`m
‘Zmo{dH$cVo‘wio qH$dm Vr ZeoV Agë`m‘wio AWdm {VMm H$mhr J¡ag‘O Pmcm Agë`m‘wio Vr H¥$Vr AnamY hmoV Zgoc Voìhm,
àËòH$ ì`ŠVrcm Vr H¥$Vr AnamY AgVr Va Ë`m H¥$VrnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm Omo h¸$ {‘imcm AgVm VmoM h¸$
AgVmo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "¶' doS>mÀ`m âmV "H$'$cm R>ma ‘maÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo; "¶'H$moUË`mhr AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Zmhr, nU "H$'$cm "¶'
ehmUm AgVm Va, Vmo ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ {‘imcm AgVm VmoM h¸$ Amho.
(b) "H$'$Á`m KamV àdoe H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: h¸$Xma Amho Ë`m KamV Vmo amÌrÀ`m doir àdoe H$aVmo. "H$'$cm àm‘m{UH$nUo
Ka’$moS>çm g‘OyZ "I' Ë`mÀ`mda h„m H$aVmo. òWo J¡ag‘OmZo "H$' da h„m MT>dë`m‘wio "¶'H$mhr AnamY H$aV
Zmhr. nU "H$'$cm "¶' Zo Ë`m J¡ag‘OmZo Vo H¥$Ë` Ho$co ZgVo Va "¶' nmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm Omo h¸$
{‘icm AgVm Vmo h¸$ "H$' cm Amho.
99. Á`m§À`mnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ Zmhr Ë`m H¥$Vr.- Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm O~a XwImnVrMr
dmOdr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoV Zmhr Vr H¥$Vr EImÚm cmoH$ godH$mZo Amnë`m nXm{YH$mamÀ`m Am^mgm‘wio gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$m`© H$aVmZm
Ho$cocr Agoc qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cocm Agoc Va, Vr H¥$Vr H$mQ>oH$moanUo {d{YV: g‘W©Zr` Zgcr Var Ë`m H¥$VrnmgyZ
ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm H$moUVmhr h¸$ Zmhr.
Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm O~a XwImnVrMr dmOdr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoV Zmhr Vr H¥$Vr, EImÚm cmoH$godH$mZo Amnë`m
nXm{YH$mamÀ`m Am^mgm‘wio gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$m`© H$aVmZm {ZX}emdê$Z Ho$cocr AgVm qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cocm AgVm, Vmo
{ZX}e H$mQ>oH$moanUo {d{YV: g‘W©Zr` Zgcm Var, Ë`m H¥$VrnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm H$moUVmhr h¸$ Zmhr.
cmoH$ àm{YH$mè`m§À`m g§ajUmMm Adc§~ H$aÊ`mBVnV AdYr Agoc Ë`m àH$aUr ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm H$moUVmhr
h¸$ Zmhr.
H$moUË`m ‘`m©Xon`ªV h¸$ ~OmdVm òB©c.- ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$, ~MmdmgmR>r {OVH$m Anm` H$aUo Amdí`H$
Agoc Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ Anm` H$aVm òÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ ZgVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.-EImXr ì`ŠVr cmoH$godH$mZo cmoH$godH$ `m ZmË`mZo Ho$coë`m qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$coë`m H¥$VrnmgyZ
ImOJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m h¸$mnmgyZ d§{MV hmoV Zmhr-‘mÌ, Vr H¥$Vr H$aUmam Bg‘ Agm cmoH$godH$ Amho `mMr {Vcm
OmUrd qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVm H$m‘m Zò.
^mX§g-4
50 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- EImXr ì`ŠVr, cmoH$godH$mÀ`m {ZXoemdê$Z Ho$coë`m qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$coë`m H¥$VrnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m
~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m h¸$mnmgyZ d§{MV hmoV Zmhr; ‘mÌ, Vr H¥$Vr H$aUmam Bg‘ Aem {ZXoemdê$Z H¥$Vr H$aV Amho ho {Vcm ‘mhrV
Agco Va qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU Agoc Va Jmoï> doJir AWdm Ë`m Bg‘mZo AmnU H$moUË`m àm{YH$amÝdò H¥$Vr H$arV
AmhmoV Vo gm§{JVco Va qH$dm Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o coIr àm{YH$manÌ Agë`mg, ‘mJUr Ho$cr AgVm Ago àm{YH$manÌ Ë`mZo H$mTy>Z
XmIdco Va Jmoï> doJir.
100. earamMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ hm, ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm ì`mnH$ AgVmo.- earamMm
ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ dmnaÊ`mMm àg§J Á`m‘wio CX²^dVmo Vmo AnamY `mV `mnwT>o Z‘yX Ho$coë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr
dU©ZmMm Agoc Va, cJVnyd© H$c‘mV C„opIcoë`m {Z~ªYmÀ`m AYrZVoZ,o Vmo h¸$ BÀN>mnydH© $ h„oImoamMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dZy AmUÊ`mBVnV
qH$dm Ë`mcm AÝ` H$moUVmhr Anm` H$aÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ AgVmo, Vr dU©Zo Aer :-
n{hco.- Á`m h‘ë`mÀ`m n[aUm‘r Eaìhr ‘¥Ë`y hmoB©c Aer dmOdr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoB©c Agm h‘cm;
Xwgao.- Á`m h‘ë`mÀ`m n[aUm‘r Eaìhr O~a XwImnV hmoB©c Aer dmOdr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoB©c Agm h‘cm;
{Vgao.- ~cmËH$ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cocm h‘cm;
MdWo.- {ZgJ©H«$‘m{déÕ b¢{JH$ dmgZmnyVu H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cocm h‘cm;
nmMdo.- AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cocm h‘cm;
ghmdo.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Á`m n[apñWVrV n[aéÕ Ho$ë`mg Amnë`m gwQ>Ho$gmR>r {Vcm cmoH$ àm{YH$mè`mH$S>o Ymd KoUo
eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr Aer dmOdr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoB©c Aem n[apñWVrV {Vcm J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cocm h‘cm.
2013 Mr gwYmaUm :-
gmVdo.- Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio Eaìhr O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mMr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoD$ eHo$c Aer A°{gS> ’o$H$Ê`mMr qH$dm XoÊ`mMr
H¥$Vr H$aUo qH$dm A°{gS> ’o$H$Ê`mMm qH$dm XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo.
101. Agm h¸$ ‘¥Ë`yhÿZ AÝ` Anm` H$aÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm ì`mnH$ AgVmo.- Oa Vmo AnamY cJVnyd© H$c‘mV Z‘yX
Ho$coë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmMm Zgoc Va, earamMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ BÀN>mnyd©H$ h„oImamMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ ZgVmo, nU H$c‘ 99 ‘Üò C„opIcoë`m {Z~ªYmÀ`m AYrZVoZo, Vmo h¸$ h„oImoamcm ‘¥Ë`yhÿZ AÝ`
H$moUVmhr Anm` BÀN>mnyd©H$ H$aÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ AgVmoM.
102. earamMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ gwê$ hmoUo d Mmcy amhUo.- earamMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm
h¸$, AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcm Zgcm Var Vmo AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm‘wio qH$dm Y‘H$s‘wio earamcm YmoH$m Agë`mMr dmOdr
YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoVmM gwê$ hmoVmo d earamcm YmoH$m Agë`mMr Aer YmñVr Ago Vmon`ªV Vmo h¸$ Mmcy amhVmo.
103. ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ hm, ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm ì`mnH$ AgVmo.- Omo
AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amë`m‘wio qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV Amë`m‘wio ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImOJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ dmnaÊ`mMm
àg§J CX²^dVmo Vmo AnamY `mV `mnwT>o Z‘yX Ho$coë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmMm Agoc Va, H$c‘ 99 ‘Üò C„opIcoë`m
{Z~ªYmÀ`m AYrZVoZo, Vmo h¸$ BÀN>mnyd©H$ AnH¥$Ë`H$Ë`m©Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mBVnV qH$dm Ë`mcm AÝ` H$moUVmhr Anm`
H$aÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ AgVmo, Vr dU©Zo Aer :-
n{hco.- O~ar Mmoar;
Xwgao.- amÌrMr Ka’$moS>r;
{Vgao.- Or B‘maV, V§~y qH$dm Oc`mZ ‘mUgm§Mo dg{VñWmZ qH$dm àmW©ZmñWi åhUyZ qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m A{âjoMo
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 51
ñWmZ åhUyZ dmnaco OmVo Aem H$moUË`mhr B‘maVrcm, V§~ycm qH$dm Oc`mZmcm AmJ cmdyZ qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmWm©À`m gmhmæ`mZo
AmJirH$ H$aUo;
MdWo.- ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm Agm h¸$ dmnacm Zmhr Va, ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV hmoB©c Aer Á`m‘wio dmOdr
YmñVr {Z‘m©U Pmcr Agoc Aem n[apñWVrV Mmoar, AmJirH$ qH$dm J¥h-A{VH«$‘U.
nmMdo.- AmJrÀ`m qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmWm©À`m gmhmæ`mZo AmJirH$ H$aUo qH$dm gaH$ma, ñWm{ZH$ àm{YH$aU qH$dm gaH$mar
‘§S>i qH$dm gaH$mar H§$nZr `mMr H$moUVrhr {‘iH$V VgoM gaH$mar aoëdo Q´>m‘do AJa H$moUVohr dmhZ Á`m‘YyZ ^mS>çmZo AJa
‘mo~Xë`mZo àdmem§Mr dmhVyH$ Ho$cr OmVo, `mV gXaMr {‘iH$V gaH$maV’}$ dmnacr OmV Agoc, AJa Vgm BamXm Agoc Var
nwaogo Amho.
104. Agm h¸$ ‘¥Ë`yhÿZ AÝ` Anm` H$aÊ`mBVnV Ho$ìhm ì`mnH$ AgVmo.- Omo AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amë`m‘wio qH$dm
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV Amë`m‘wio ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ dmnaÊ`mMm àg§J CX²^dVmo Vmo MmoarMm, AmJirH$
H$aÊ`mMm, qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘UmMm AnamY AgyZ cJVnyd© H$c‘mV Z‘yX Ho$coë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmMm Zgoc Va,
Vmo h¸$ BÀN>mnyd©H$ AnH¥$Ë`H$Ë`m©Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ ZgVmo,-nU H$c‘ 99 ‘Üò C„opIcoë`m {Z~ªYmÀ`m
AYrZVoZo, Vmo h¸$ AnH¥$Ë`H$Ë`m©cm ‘¥Ë`yhÿZ AÝ` H$moUVmhr Anm` BÀN>mnyd©H$ H$aÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ AgVmoM.
105. ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ gwê$ hmoUo d Mmcy amhUo.- ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm
h¸$ ‘mc‘Îmocm YmoH$m Agë`mMr dmOdr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoVo Voìhm gwê$ hmoVmo.
MmoarnmgyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImOJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ AnamYr hm ‘mc‘Îmogh H$mT>Vm nm` KoB©n`ªV AWdm EH$Va cmoH$
àm{YH$mè`m§Mo gmhmæ` {‘i{dÊ`mV òB©n`ªV qH$dm Aer ‘mc‘Îmm naV {‘i{dÊ`mV òB©n`ªV Mmcy amhVmo.
O~ar MmoarnmgyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImOJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ hm, Omon`ªV AnamYr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm {Vcm
XwImnV qH$dm J¡a {ZamoY H$arV Amho Vmon`ªV qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arV Amho Vmon`ªV AWdm Omon`ªV VËH$mi ‘¥Ë`yMo qH$dm
VmËH$mi XwImnVrMo qH$dm VËH$mi ì`pŠVJV {ZamoYmMo ^` AgVo Vmon`ªV Mmcy amhVmo.
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U qH$dm AmJirH$ `mnmgyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$, Omon`ªV AnamYr ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ
A{VH«$‘U H$aÊ`mMo Mmcy R>odVmo Vmon`ªV Mmcy amhVmo.
amÌrÀ`m Ka’$moS>rnmgyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$, Omon`ªV Aem Ka’$moS>r‘wio gwê$ Pmcoco J¥h-
A{VH«$‘U Mmcy AgVo Vmon`ªV Mmcy amhVmo.
106. {ZXm}f ì`ŠVrcm Anm` hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m Agoc Voìhm, àmUKmVH$ h‘ë`mnmgyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm
h¸$.- Á`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`yMr dmOdr YmñVr {Z‘m©U hmoVo Aem h‘ë`mVyZ ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ dmnaV AgVmZm Oa ~Mmd
H$ê$ nmhUmar ì`ŠVr {ZXm}f ì`ŠVrcm Anm` hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m nËH$aë`m{edm` Vmo h¸$ n[aUm‘H$maH$nUo dmnê$ eH$V Zmhr Aem
n[apñWVrcm gmnS>cr Va, ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm {VMm h¸$ Vmo YmoH$m nËH$aÊ`mBVnV ì`mnH$ AgVmo.
CXmhaU
"H$' da EH$ O‘md h„m H$aVmo d Ë`mMm IyZ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. O‘mdmda Jmoir~ma Ho$ë`m{edm` Vmo ImgJrarË`m
~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm Amncm h¸$ n[aUm‘H$nUo dmnê$ eH$V Zmhr d O‘mdmV {‘gicoë`m chmZ ‘wcm§Zm Anm` hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m
nËH$aë`m{edm` Vmo Jmoir~ma H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. `mà‘mUo Jmoir~ma Ho$ë`mZo Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUmhr ‘wcmcm Anm` Pmcm
Va, "H$' Zo AnamY Ho$cm Ago hmoV Zmhr.
52 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
àH$aU 5 do
AnàoaUm{df`r
107. EImÚm Jmoï>rMo AnàoaU.- Ooìhm EImXr ì`ŠVr-

(EH$) EImXr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {MWmdUr XoVo Voìhm; qH$dm
(XmoZ) AÝ` EH$ qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVt~amo~a Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$Q>mV gm‘rc Pmcr AgVm, Ë`m H$Q>mcm
AZwgê$Z Am{U Vr Jmoï> Ho$cr OmÊ`mgmR>r EImXr H¥$Vr qH$dm Ad¡Y AH¥$Vr KSy>Z òVo Voìhm; qH$dm
(VrZ) Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrÛmao {H$dm Ad¡Y H¥$VrÛmao CÔoenyd©H$ gmhmæ` H$aVo Voìhm,
{VZo Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm {Xcr Ago hmoVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- Or ì`ŠVr EImXo ‘hÎdmMo VÏ` àH$Q> H$aÊ`mg Vr ~Õ AgVmZm Ë`m~m~V ~wpÕnwañga AndoXZ H$ê$Z
AWdm Vo ~wpÕnwañga cndyZ BÀN>mnyd©H$ EImXr Jmoï> H$a{dVo qH$dm KS>dyZ AmUVo AWdm H$adÊ`mMm qH$dm KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm
à`ËZ H$aVo {VZo Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg {MWmdUr {Xcr Ago hmoVo.
CXmhaU
"H$' hm cmoH$ A{YH$mar "¶' cm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mg Ý`m`mc`mH$Sy>Z dm°a§Q>Ûmao àm{YH¥$V Pmcm Amho. "I' cm Vo VÏ` Am{U
VgoM "J' hm "¶' Zmhr hohr ‘mhrV AgVmZm, Vmo "J' hm "¶' Amho Ago "H$'$ cm ~wpÕnwa:ga AndoXZ H$aVmo, Am{U Ë`mÛmao "J'
cm CÔoenyd©H$ "H$'$ H$adr {Ja’$Xma H$adVmo `m~m~VrV "I' Zo "J'cm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r {MWmdUr XoD$Z AnàoaUm
{Xcr Ago hmoVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- Omo H$moUr, EImXr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mnydu qH$dm H$aVodoir, Vr H¥$Vr H$aUo gwH$a ìhmdo `mgmR>r EImXr Jmoï> H$aVmo
Am{U Ë`mÛmao Vr H¥$Vr H$aUo gwH$a H$aVmo Vmo Vr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r gmhmæ` H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
108. AnàoaH$.- Or ì`ŠVr EImXm AnamY H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoVo AWdm AnamY H$aÊ`mMr j‘Vm AgUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo
AnàoaH$mà‘mUo Ë`mM CÔoemZo qH$dm Om{UdoZo Ho$ë`mg Or H¥$Vr AnamY R>aoc Vr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo
AnamYmMo AnàoaU Ho$co Ago hmoVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.-AnàoaH$ ñdV: EImXr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg ~Õ Zgcm Varhr Vr H¥$Vr Ad¡YnUo Q>miÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo hm
AnamY R>ê$ eHo$c.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- AnàoaU ho AnamY R>aÊ`mgmR>r Anào[aV H¥$Ë` Ho$co Joco nm{hOo qH$dm AnamY R>aÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Vmo
n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUcm Jocm nm{hOo Aer Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ hm "I' cm "J' Mm IyZ H$aÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. "H$'$ hm "I' cm IyZ H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc Xmofr
Amho.
(b) "H$'$hm "I' cm "K' Mm IyZ H$aÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. "H$'$hm {MWmdUrà‘mUo "K'cm ^mogH$Vmo. "K' Mr OI‘
~ar hmoVo. "H$' hm "I' cm IyZ H$aÊ`mg {MWmdUr {Xë`m~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 3.- Anào[aV ì`ŠVrH$S>o AnamY H$aÊ`mMr {d{YV: j‘Vm Agcr nm{hOo AWdm {VÀ`m R>m`r AnàoaH$mMmM
JwÝhoJmar CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd AJa H$moUVmhr JwÝhoJmar CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd Agcr nm{hOo Aer Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 53
CXmhaUo
(a) AnamY H$aÊ`mMr {d{YV: j‘Vm AgUmè`m Am{U "H$'$gmaIm CÔoe AgUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo Or H¥$Vr Ho$ë`mg AnamY
hmoB©c Vr H¥$Vr Ho$ë`mg AnamY hmoB©c Vr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg "H$' hm JwÝhoJmar CÔoemZo EImÚm ~mcH$mcm qH$dm doS>çmcm
AnàoaUm XooVmo. òWo H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mV òdmo dm Z òdmo- "H$'$hm AnamYmg AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(b) "H$'$hm "¶' Mm IyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo, "¶' À`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maUr^yV hmoB©c Aer H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg "I' `m gmV df}
d`mImcrc ‘wcmcm {MWmdUr XoVmo. {MWmdUrMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ "H$'$À`m AZwnpñWVrV "I' Vr H¥$Vr H$aVmo Am{U
Ë`m‘wio "¶' À`m ‘¥Ë`ycm H$maU hmoVmo. òWo, "I'H$S>o AnamY H$aÊ`mMr {d{YV: j‘Vm ZìhVr Var OUy H$mhr
"I'H$S>o AnamY H$aÊ`mMr {d{YV: j‘Vm Agmdr Am{U Ë`mZo IyZ Ho$cocm Agmdm AemàH$mao Ë`mM arVrZo {ejm
hmoÊ`mg "H$'$nmÌ Amho Am{U åhUyZ Vmo ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Amho.
(c) "H$'$ hm "I' cm EH$m amhË`m Kamcm AmJ cmdÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. "I' Ë`mÀ`m ‘Zmo{dH$cVo‘wio Ë`m H¥$VrMo
ñdê$n H$m` Amho ho qH$dm AmnU MwH$sMr qH$dm H$m`Úm{déÕ Agcocr Jmoï> H$aV AmhmoV ho OmUÊ`mg Ag‘W©
AgyZ, "H$'$À`m {MWmdUrMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Kamcm AmJ cmdVmo. "I' Zo H$moUVmhr AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr, na§Vw
"H$'$hm amhË`m Kamcm AmJ cmdÊ`mÀ`m AnamYmcm AnàoaUm XoÊ`m~Ôc Xmofr Amho, Am{U Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m {ejog nmÌ Amho.
(d) "H$'$ hm Mmoar H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "¶' À`m ‘mcH$sMr ‘mc‘Îmm, "¶'À`m H$ãOmVyZ H$mTy>Z KoÊ`mg "I'cm {MWmdUr
XoVmo. "H$'$cm Vr ‘mc‘Îmm "H$'$À`m ‘mcH$sMr Amho Agm "I' Mm g‘O H$ê$Z XoVmo. Vr ‘mc‘Îmm "H$'$Mr Amho Ago
IamoIa g‘OyZ "I' Vr ‘mc‘Îmm "¶'À`m H$ãOmVyZ H$mTy>Z KoVmo. "¶' MwH$sÀ`m g‘OwVrZo H¥$Vr H$aV Agë`m‘wio,
Ë`mZo Vr ‘mc‘Îmm Aà‘m{UH$nUmZo H$mTy>Z KoVcr Ago hmoV Zmhr, Am{U åhUyZ Ë`mZo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoV Zmhr.
na§Vw "H$'$hm Mmoarg AnàoaUm XoÊ`m~Ôc Xmofr Amho d Vmo OUy H$mhr "I'Zo Mmoar Ho$cocr Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM
{ejocm nmÌ Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 4.- AnamYmg AnàoaUm XoUo hm AnamY Agë`m‘wio Aem AnàoaUmg AnàoaUm XoUo hmXoIrc AnamY Amho.
CXmhaU
"¶'Mm IyZ H$aÊ`mg "J' cm {MWmdUr XoÊ`mgmR>r "H$' hm "I'cm {MWmdUr XoVmo. Ë`mMà‘mUo "I' hm "¶'Mm IyZ
H$aÊ`mg "J'cm {MWmdUr XoVmo Am{U "I'À`m {MWmdUrÀ`m n[aUm‘r "J' Vmo AnamY H$aVmo. "I' hm Ë`mÀ`m AnamYm~Ôc
IwZmMr {ejm hmoÊ`mg nmÌ Amho, Am{U, "H$'Zo "I'cm AnamY H$aÊ`mg {MWmdUr {Xcocr Agë`m‘wio "H$'$XoIrc Ë`mM
{ejocm nmÌ Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 5 - H$Q> H$ê$Z AnàoaUm XoÊ`mMm AnamY KS>Ê`mgmR>r, Or ì`ŠVr AnamY H$aVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrer AnàoaH$mMm
EH${dMma Pmcm nm{hOo, Aer Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr, Á`m H$Q>mÀ`m AZwamoYmZo AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcm Ë`m‘Üò Vmo gm‘rc Agcm
Var nwaogo Amho.
CXmhaU
"H$' hm "I'er EH${dMmamZo "¶' da {dfà`moJ H$aÊ`mMr `moOZm AmIVmo "H$'$Zo {df Úmd`mMo `m~Ôc EH$‘V hmoVo. Z§Va
"I' hm EH$m {VèhmB©V ì`ŠVrZo {df Úmd`mMo Amho Ago gm§JyZ nU "H$'$ Mm C„oI Z H$aVm "J' cm Vr `moOZm g‘OmdyZ gm§JVmo.
"J' {df n¡Xm H$aÊ`mMo H$~yc H$aVmo Am{U gm§{JVcoë`m nÕVrZo Ë`mMm dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vo n¡Xm H$ê$Z "I' H$S>o gwnyX© H$aVmo.
"H$' {df XoVmo. n[aUm‘r "¶' ‘aVmo. òWo "H$'$ Am{U "J' `m§Zr {‘iyZ H$Q> Ho$cocm Zgcm Var Á`mÀ`m AZwamoYmZo "¶'Mm IyZ
Pmcm. Ë`m H$Q>m‘Üò "J' gm‘rc Pmcocm Amho. åhUyZ `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$cocm AnamY "J'Zo Ho$cocm Amho, Am{U Vmo
IwZm~ÔcÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Amho.
54 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
1
[108-A$. ^maVm~mhoarc AnamYm§Mo ^maVmV AnàoaU.- Or H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr 2[^maVmV]> Ho$cr Jocr Va AnamY R>aoc
Vr H¥$Vr 2[^maVm~mhoa]> Am{U Ë`mÀ`m ncrH$S>o H$aÊ`mg Or ì`ŠVr 2[^maVmV]> AgVmZm AnàoaUm XoVo Vr ì`ŠVr `m g§{hVoÀ`m
AWm©Zwgma AnamY H$aVo.
CXmhaU
^maVmV AgVmZm "H$' hm Jmoì`m‘Yrc "I' `m {dXoer ì`ŠVrcm Jmoì`m‘Üò IyZ H$aÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. "H$' hm IwZmcm
AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc Xmofr Amho.]>
109. AnàoaUm‘wio n[aUm‘V: Anào[aV H¥$Vr KS>cr AgyZ, Ë`m AnàoaUmH$aVm {ejoMm H$moUVmhr Cn~§Y Ho$cocm
Zgë`mg Ë`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr EImÚm AnamYmcm AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm, Oa AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Anào[aV
H¥$Vr KS>cr Am{U Vem AnàoaUmH$aVm `m g§{hVoÛmao {ejoMm H$moUVmhr ñnï> Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zgoc, Va Ë`m AnamYmH$aVm
Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr {ejm hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU.- EImXr H¥$Vr qH$dm AnamY AnàoaUmcm KQ>H$^yV Aem {MWmdUrMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ qH$dm Aem H$Q>mcm
AZwgê$Z qH$dm Aem gmhmæ`{Zer KS>Vmo Voìhm, Vo AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ KS>co Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm "I' `m cmoH$godH$mcm Vmo Amnco nXr` H$m`m©{YH$ma ~OmdV AgVmZm "H$'da ‘ohoa~mZr H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~jrg
åhUyZ cmM XoD$ H$aVmo. "I' cmM ñdrH$maVmo. H$c‘ 161 ‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m AnamYmcm "H$'Zo AnàoaUm {Xcr
Amho.
(b) "H$' hm "I'cm ImoQ>m nwamdm XoÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. {MWmdUrÀ`m n[aUm‘r "I' AnamY H$aVmo. Ë`m AnamYmcm
AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc "H$' Xmofr Amho Am{U "I' à‘mUo Ë`mM {ejocm nmÌ Amho.
(c) "H$' d "I' ho "`'cm {dfà`moJ H$aÊ`mMm H$Q> H$aVmV. H$Q>mZwgma "H$' {df n¡Xm H$aVmo Am{U "I'Zo Vo {df
"`'cm Úmdo åhUyZ Vo "I'H$S>o gwnyX© H$aVmo. H$Q>mZwgma "H$'À`m AZwnpñWVrV "I' Vo {df "`'cm XoVmo Am{U
Ë`mÛmao "`'Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUVmo. `m ~m~VrV "I' IwZm~Ôc Xmofr Amho. "H$' hm H$Q> H$ê$Z Ë`m AnamYmg
AnàoaUm XoÊ`m~Ôc Xmofr Amho, Am{U IwZm~ÔcÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Amho.
110. Anào[aV ì`ŠVrZo AnàoaH$mnojm doJiçm CÔoemZo H¥$Vr Ho$ë`mg AnàoaUm~Ôc {ejm.- Oa H$moUr AnamY
H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm {Xcr AgyZ Anào[aV ì`ŠVrZo AnàoaH$mnojm doJiçm CÔoemZo qH$dm Om{UdoZo Vr H¥$Vr Ho$cr Agoc Va,
AnàoaH$mcm AnàoaH$mgma»`mM CÔoemZo qH$dm Om{UdoZo- AÝ` H$moUË`mhr Zìho- Vr H¥$Vr Ho$cr Jocr AgVr Va Omo AnamY
KS>cm AgVm Ë`mH$aVm Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr {ejm {‘ioc.
111. Ooìhm EH$m H¥$Vrcm AnàoaUm {Xcr OmD$Z {Zamir H¥$Vr Ho$cr OmVo Voìhm AnàoaH$mMo Xm{`Ëd.- Ooìhm EImÚm
H¥$Vrg AnàoaUm {Xcr OmD$Z {Zamir H¥$Vr Ho$cr OmVo Voìhm, KS>coë`m H¥$Vr~Ôc AnàoaH$ OUy H$mhr Ë`mZo {Vcm àË`jnUo
Ë`mgmR>rM AnàoaUm {Xcocr Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM arVrZo d Ë`mM ì`márn`ªV Xm`r AgVmo :
na§Vw, KS>cocr H¥$Vr hm AnàoaUmMm g§^mì` n[aUm‘ Agcm nm{hOo, Am{U AnàoaUmcm KQ>H$^yV Aem {MWmdUrÀ`m
à^mdm‘wio qH$dm Aem gmhmæ`m‘wio qH$dm Aem H$Q>mZwgma Vr KS>cocr Agcr nm{hOo.
1. 1898 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 4 H$c‘ 3 Ûmao OmXm XmIc Ho$co.

2. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3 H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m'
`mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 55
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ EH$m ~mcH$mcm "¶'À`m AÞmV {df KmcÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo, Am{U Ë`mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o {df XoVmo.
{MWmdUrMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Vo ~mcH$ "¶'À`m AÞmOdi Agcoë`m "‘'À`m AÞmV ^ycMwH$sZo {df KmcVo.
`m~m~VrV Oa Vo ~mcH$ "H$'À`m {MWmdUrÀ`m à^mdm‘wio Vgo dmJco Agoc, Am{U KS>cocr H¥$Vr hr Ë`m
n[apñWVrV AnàoaUmMm g§^mì` n[aUm‘ Agoc Va "H$' hm OUy H$mhr Ë`mZo Ë`m ~mcH$mcm "¶' À`m AÞmV {df
KmcÊ`mg {MWmdUr {Xcocr Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM arVrZo d Ë`m ì`márn`ªV Xm`r Amho.
(b) "H$' hm "I' cm "¶'Mo Ka OmiÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. "I' Kamcm AmJ cmdVmo Am{U Ë`mM doir VoWrc ‘mc‘ÎmoMr
Mmoar H$aVmo. "H$'$ hm Kamcm AmJ cmdÊ`mg AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc Xmofr Agcm Varhr, Mmoarg AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc
Xmofr Zmhr; H$maU Mmoar hr {^Þ H¥$Vr AgyZ Vmo AmJrMm g§^mì` n[aUm‘ Zmhr.
(c) O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘ÜàmÌr EH$ dñVr Agcoco Ka ’$moS>Ê`mg "H$' hm "I' d "J' `m§Zm {MWmdUr XoVmo,
Am{U Ë`m à`moOZmgmR>r Ë`m§Zm eóo nwadVmo. "I' d "J' KamV KwgVmV Am{U AmV amhUmè`mn¡H$s "¶' Zo à{VH$ma
Ho$ë`m‘wio Vo Ë`mMm IyZ H$aVmV. `m~m~VrV Vmo IyZ Oa AnàoaUmMm g§^mì` n[aUm‘ Agoc Va, IwZmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m {ejog "H$'$ nmÌ Amho.
112. Anào[aV H¥$Vr~Ôc d Ho$coë`m H¥$Vr~Ôc AnàoaH$ g‘wƒ`r {ejog Ho$ìhm nmÌ AgVmo.- Á`m~Ôc AnàoaH$
cJVnyd© H$c‘mImcr {ejmnmÌ hmoVmo Vr H¥$Vr Anào[aV H¥$VrÀ`m OmoS>rcm H$aÊ`mV Amcr AgyZ, {VÀ`m‘wio {^Þ AnamY KS>V
Agoc Va, AnàoaH$ Ë`mn¡H$s àËòH$ AnamYm~Ôc {ejog nmÌ AgVmo.
CXmhaU
cmoH$godH$mH$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m AQ>H$mdUrg ~imZo à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mg "H$' hm "I' cm {MWmdUr XoVmo. "I' n[aUm‘r Ë`m
AQ>H$mdUrg à{VH$ma H$aVmo. à{VH$ma H$aVmZm "I' AQ>H$mdUr ~OmdÊ`mMr H$m`©dmhr H$aUmè`m A{YH$mè`mcm BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a
XwImnV H$aVmo. "I' Zo AQ>H$mdUrcm à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mMm d BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm Ago XmoÝhr AnamY Ho$coco
Agë`m‘wio, "I' `m XmoÝhr AnamYm§~ÔcÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Amho; Am{U Oa AQ>H$mdUrg à{VH$ma H$aVmZm "I' BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a
XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr "H$'$cm OmUrd hmoVr Ago Agoc Va, "H$'gwÕm Ë`mn¡H$s àËòH$ AnamYm~Ôc {ejog nmÌ
hmoB©c.
113. Anào[aV H¥$Vr‘wio KSy>Z Amcoë`m, nU AnàoaH$mcm CÔo{eV Agcoë`m H¥$VrhÿZ {^Þ Aem n[aUm‘m-~Ôc
AnàoaH$mMo Xm{`Ëd.- Ooìhm EImXm {d{eï> n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm AnàoaH$mMm CÔoe AgVmZm EImÚm H¥$Vrg AnàoaUm
{Xcr OmVo Am{U AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Á`m H¥$Vr~Ôc AnàoaH$ Xm`r hmoVmo {VÀ`m‘wio AnàoaH$mcm CÔo{eV Agcoë`m§nojm
{^Þ n[aUm‘ KSy>Z òVmo Voìhm, Anào[aV H¥$Vr‘wio Vmo n[aUm‘ KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Amho `mMr AnàoaH$mcm OmUrd hmoVr Ago
Agë`mg, KSy>Z Amcoë`m n[aUm‘m~Ôc, OUy H$mhr Vmo n[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZoM Ë`mZo Ë`m H¥$Vrg AnàoaUm {Xcr
Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mMarVrZo d Ë`mM ì`márn`ªV Vmo Xm`r hmoVmo.
CXmhaU
"¶' cm O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mg "H$'$hm "I'cm {MWmdUr XoVmo. {MWmdUrMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ "I' hm "¶' cm O~a XwImnV
H$aVmo. n[aUm‘r "¶' ‘aU nmdVmo. `m~m~VrV, O~a XwImnVrÀ`m Anào[aV H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Amho `mMr "H$'$
cm OmUrd hmoVr Ago Agoc Va, "H$'$ hm IwZmgmR>r Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m {ejog nmÌ Amho.
114. AnamY KS>cm Voìhm AnàoaH$ CnpñWV AgUo.- Or ì`ŠVr AZwnpñWV AgVr Va AnàoaH$ åhUyZ {ejmnmÌ
Pmcr AgVr Vr ì`ŠVr AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Á`m~Ôc {ejmnmÌ hmoD$ eH$Vo Vr H¥$Vr qH$dm Vmo AnamY KS>Vodoir Vr
CnpñWV Amho Ago Ooìhm Ho$ìhm hmoB©c Voìhm, Aer H¥$Vr qH$dm AnamY {VZo Ho$cm Agë`mMo ‘mZÊ`mV òB©c.
56 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
115. ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYmMo AnàoaU AnamY Z KS>ë`mg.- Omo
H$moUr ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mg, Oa Aem
AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Vmo AnamY KS>cm Zmhr, Am{U Aem AnàoaUm~Ôc {ejm XoÊ`mH$aVm ñnï> Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zgoc Va,
gmV df}n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
n[aUm‘r Anm` H$aUmar H¥$Vr Ho$cr Joë`mg.- Am{U AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Á`m~Ôc AnàoaH$Xm`r hmoVmo d Á`m‘wio
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV hmoVo Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mV Amcr Va, AnàoaH$ Mm¡Xm df}n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
CXmhaU
"¶' Mm IyZ H$aÊ`mg "H$'$ hm "I' cm {MWmdUr XoVmo. AnamY Ho$cm OmV Zmhr. "I'Zo "¶'Mm IyZ Ho$cm AgVm Va Vmo
‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> {ejog nmÌ Pmcm AgVm åhUyZ "H$'$gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog Am{U Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ Amho; Am{U Oa AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ "I'cm H$moUVrhr XwImnV Pmcr Va,
"H$' Mm¡Xm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmg Am{U Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
116. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYmMo AnàoaU AnamY Z KS>ë`mg.- Omo H$moUr H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog
nmÌ Aem EImÚm AnamYmg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mg, Oa AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ AnamY KS>cm Zgoc Am{U Aem
AnàoaUm~Ôc {ejm XoÊ`mH$aVm ñnï> Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zgoc Va, Ë`mcm Ë`m AnamYmH$aVm Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m
{Zåå`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ë`m AnamYmH$aVm Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m
Aem Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm Aem XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
AnàoaH$ qH$dm Anào[aV ì`ŠVr hr AnamY KS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Á`mMo H$V©ì` Amho Agm cmoH$godH$ Agë`mg.-
Am{U Oa AnàoaH$ qH$dm Aào[aV ì`ŠVr hr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ, Agm AnamY KS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Ë`mMo H$V©ì` Agoc Va,
AnàoaH$mg Ë`m AnamYmH$aVm Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr {ejm hmoB©c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "I' hm cmoH$godH$ Amnco nXr` H$m`m©{YH$ma ~OmdV AgVmZm Ë`mZo "H$'$ da ‘ohoa~mZr H$amdr `m~Ôc ~jrg
åhUyZ "H$'$ hm "I' cmM XoD$ H$aVmo. "I' cmM ñdrH$maÊ`mg ZH$ma XoVmo. "H$'$ `m H$c‘mImcr {ejog nmÌ Amho.
(b) "H$'$ hm "I' cm ImoQ>m nwamdm XoÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. `m~m~VrV, "I'Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcm Zmhr Varhr, `m
H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$cocm AnamY "H$'Zo Ho$cocm Amho, Am{U VX²Zwgma Vmo {ejog nmÌ Amho.
(c) "H$'$hm nmocrg A{YH$mar AgyZ O~ar Mmoarcm à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Ë`mMo H$V©ì` Amho d Vmo O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mg
AnàoaUm XoVmo. O~ar Mmoar KS>cr Zmhr Varhr, `m~m~VrV "H$' Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m
gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m {Zåå`m H$mamdmgmg d Ðì`X§S>mgXoIrc nmÌ Amho.
(d) "H$'$ hm nmocrg A{YH$mar AgyZ O~ar Mmoarcm à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Ë`mMo H$V©ì` AgVmZm "I' hm O~ar Mmoar
H$aÊ`mg Ë`mcm AnàoaUm XoVmo. O~ar Mmoar KS>cr Zmhr Varhr `m ~m~VrV "I' hm O~ar MmoarÀ`m AnamYmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m {Zåå`m H$mamdmgmg Am{U Ðì`X§S>mgXoIrc nmÌ Amho.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26 H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr ' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 57
117. OZVoH$Sy>Z qH$dm XhmhÿZ OmñV ì`ŠVtH$Sy>Z AnamY KSy>Z òÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo.- Omo H$moUr, Am‘ OZVoH$Sy>Z
qH$dm XhmhÿZ OmñV Aem {H$Vrhr ì`ŠVtH$Sy>Z qH$dm Aem H$moUË`mhr dJm©À`m ì`ŠVtH$Sy>Z AnamY KSy>Z òÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c
Ë`mg, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
CXmhaU
XhmhÿZ OmñV g^mgX AgUmè`m EH$m n§Wmcm, {déÕ n§WmMo g^mgX {‘adUwH$sZo OmV AgVm Ë`m§À`mda h„m H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{dd{jV doir d ñWir g^m KoÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoUmam KmofUm’$cH$ H$ gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr cmdVmo. "H$'Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m
H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cocm Amho.
118. ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mMm ~oV cndUo.- H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr
qH$dm Ad¡Y AH¥$Vr H$ê$Z Ë`mÛmao, ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY KS>Uo gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Vo gwH$a hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Agm AnamY H$aÊ`mMm ~oV ApñVËdmV
Agë`mMo BÀN>mnyd©H$ cndrc qH$dm Aem ~oVmg§~§Yr Oo ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Ago H$moUVohr A{^doXZ H$arc
Ë`mcm,
AnamY KS>ë`mg; AnamY Z KS>ë`mg.- Oa Vmo AnamY KS>cm Va, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, AWdm Oa Vmo AnamY KS>cm Zmhr Va, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c; Am{U XmoÝhr ~m~VrV, Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
CXmhaU
"I' `m {R>H$mUr XamoS>m KmVcm OmUma Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm {déÕ {Xeocm Agcoë`m "J' `m {R>H$mUr XamoS>m KmcÊ`mV
òUma Amho Ago "H$' X§S>m{YH$mè`mcm ImoQ>o H$idVmo, Am{U Ë`mÛmao Vmo AnamY gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo X§S>m{YH$mè`mMr
{Xem^yc H$aVmo. aMcoë`m ~oVmZwgma "I' òWo XamoS>m KmVcm OmVmo. "H$'$ `m H$c‘mImcr {ejog nmÌ Amho.
119. Á`mg à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Amnco H$V©ì` Amho Vmo AnamY H$aÊ`mMm ~oV cmoH$godH$mZo cndUo.- cmoH$godH$
Agcocm Omo H$moUr Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Á`m AnamYmg à{V~§Y H$aUo ho Ë`mMo H$V©ì` Amho Vmo AnamY KS>Uo gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Vo gwH$a hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm,
Agm AnamY Ho$cm OmÊ`mMm ~oV ApñVËdmV Agë`mMo H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrÀ`m qH$dm Ad¡Y AH¥$VrÀ`mÛmao BÀN>mnyd©H$ cndrc
qH$dm Aem ~oVmg§~§Yr Oo ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Ago H$moUVohr A{^doXZ H$arc Ë`mcm,-
AnamY KS>ë`mg. - Vmo AnamY KS>cm Va, Ë`m AnamYmH$[aVm Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr-
Ë`mMr ‘wXV Aem H$mamdmgmÀ`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m {Zåå`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c, qH$dm AnamYmH$[aVm Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m Aem
Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
‘¥Ë`y, BË`mXr {ejog AnamY nmÌ Agë`mg.- AWdm, AnamY ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> {ejog nmÌ
Agoc Va, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c;
AnamY Z KS>ë`mg.- qH$dm, Oa AnamY KS>cm Zmhr Va, Ë`m AnamYmH$[aVm Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr-Ë`mÀ`r ‘wXV Aem H$mamdmgmÀ`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m EH$-MVwWmªen`ªV Agy eHo$c-qH$dm Ë`m AnamYmH$[aVm
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m Aem Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26 H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
58 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
CXmhaU
O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`m~ÔcMo Oo Oo ~oV AmnUmg ‘mhrV hmoVrc Ë`m gdmªMr ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg ñdV: {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ Am{U
"I'Zo O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm ~oV aMcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZhr "H$' hm nmocrg A{YH$mar Vmo AnamY KS>Uo gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo Ver ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mMo MwH$dVmo. `m~m~VrV, "H$'Zo Ad¡Y AH¥$VrÛmao "I'À`m ~oVmMo ApñVËd cndco Amho, Am{U `m
H$c‘mÀ`m Cn~§YmZwgma Vmo {ejog nmÌ Amho.
120. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mMm ~oV cndUo.- H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY
KS>Uo gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Vo gwH$a hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm, Omo H$moUr Agm AnamY
H$aÊ`mMm ~oV ApñVËdmV Agë`mMo H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrÀ`m qH$dm Ad¡Y AH¥$VrÀ`m Ûmao cndrc qH$dm Aem ~oVmg§~§Yr Oo ImoQ>o
Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Ago H$moUVohr A{^doXZ H$arc Ë`mcm
AnamY KS>ë`mg, AnamY Z KS>ë`mg.- Oa Vmo AnamY KS>cm Va, Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr,-Ë`mMr ‘wXV Aem H$mamdmgmÀ`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m EH$-MVwWmªemn`ªV Agy eHo$c-Am{U Oa Vmo
AnamY KS>cm Zmhr Va, gXa ‘wXVrÀ`m EH$-Aï>‘m§emn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m Aem Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1
[àH$aU
5-A$>
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q>
120-A$. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q> `mMr ì`m»`m.- Ooìhm XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVr {‘iyZ-
(1) EImXr Ad¡Y H¥$Vr, qH$dm
(2) EImXr Ad¡Y Zgcocr H¥$Vr Ad¡Y gmYZm§{Zer
H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm H$ama H$aVmV Voìhm, Ë`m H$amamg ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q> Ago g§~moYco OmVo :
na§Vw, AnamY H$adÊ`mMm H$ama IoarOH$ê$Z H$moUVmhr H$ama, Aem H$amamÀ`m njm§n¡H$s EH$mZo qH$dm A{YH$m§Zr Ë`mZwgma
Aem H$amamì`{V[aŠV AmUIr EImXr H¥$Vr ì`ŠVnUo Ho$cr Agë`m{edm` ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q> `m gXamV ‘moS>Uma Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU-Vr Ad¡Y H¥$Vr ho Aem H$amamMo A§{V‘ C{Ôï> Amho H$s Ë`m C{Ôï>mg Vr ZwgVr AZwf§{JH$ Amho ho {~Z‘hÎdmMo
Amho.
120- -B. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q>m~Ôc {ejm.- (1) Omo H$moUr ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> AWdm XmoZ df} qH$dm
Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agm AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q>mVrc nj Agoc Ë`mcm,
Aem H$Q>m~ÔcÀ`m {ejoH$[aVm `m g§{hVoV ñnï> Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zgoc Voìhm, Ë`mZo OUy H$mhr Aem AnamYm§g AnàoaUm {Xcocr
Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo {ejm hmoB©c.
(2) Omo H$moUr nydm}ŠVmZwgma {ejmnmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q>mhÿZ AÝ` Aem EImÚm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ
H$Q>mVrc nj Agoc Ë`mcm OmñVrVOmñV ghm ‘{hZo BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr
qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.]
2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 16, H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr ' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 59
àH$aU 6 do
Xoe{damoYr AnamYm§{df`r
121. ^maV gaH$ma{déÕ `wÕ H$aUo qH$dm `wÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo qH$dm `wÕ H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo.- Omo H$moUr
1
[^maV gaH$ma]> {déÕ `wÕ H$arc qH$dm Ago `wÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc, qH$dm Ago `wÕ H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm,
‘¥Ë`yMr, qH$dm 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejm hmoB©c 3[Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c]>.
4
[CXmhaU]>
5
* * * "H$' 1[^maV gaH$ma]> {damoYr CR>mdmV gm‘rc hmoVmo. `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m Ho$cocm AnamY "H$' Zo Ho$cm Amho.
6
***
7
[121-A$. H$c‘ 121 AÝdò {ejmnmÌ Ago AnamY H$aÊ`mMm H$Q>.- Omo H$moUr H$c‘ 121 AÝdò {ejmnmÌ
Agcoë`m§n¡H$s H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mMm 8* * * H$Q> 9[^maVmÀ`m]> AmV qH$dm ~mhoa H$arc, AWdm 10[H|$Ð emgZmg qH$dm
H$moUË`mhr 11[amÁ`]> emgZmg 12* * * ]> ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJmÛmao qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~càXe©ZmÛmao XheV KmcÊ`mMm H$Q>
H$arc Ë`mcm 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
{ejm hmoB©c, 13[Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.]
ñnï>rH$aU.- H$Q>mMm AnamY KS>Ê`mH$[aVm, Ë`mcm AZwgê$Z EImXr H¥$Vr qH$dm Ad¡Y AH¥$Vr KSy>Z Amcr nm{hOo Aer
`m H$c‘mImcr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr.]>
122. ^maV gaH$ma{déÕ `wÕ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo eó, BË`mXr Jmoim H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr 1[^maV gaH$ma]> {déÕ
`wÕ H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm `wÕ H$aÊ`mgmR>r nyd©V`mar H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ‘mUgo, eóo qH$dm Xmê$Jmoim Jmoim H$arc AWdm AÝ`Wm
`wÕmMr nyd©V`mar H$arc Ë`mcm 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm OmñVrVOmñV Xhm dfm©BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c 13[Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c]>.
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "¹$sZ' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 Am{U AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm
(1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
3. 1921 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 16-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ""Am{U Ë`mcm Amncr gd© g§nÎmr J‘dmdr cmJoc'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
4. 1957 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36-H$c‘ 3 d 2 ar AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""CXmhaUo'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
5. 1957 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36-H$c‘ 3 d 2 ar AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""(a)'' ho Aja dJiÊ`mV Amco.
6. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao CXmhaU ""(b)'' dJiÊ`mV Amco.
8. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""qH$dm àm§Vm§À`m AWdm Ë`m§À`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJmÀ`m gmd©^m¡‘VonmgyZ ¹$sZcm d§{MV H$aÊ`mMm''
hm ‘OHy$a dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
9. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "{~«{Q>e
B§{S>`m' `mEodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
10. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao ""^maV gaH$mamg qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ñWm{ZH$ emgZmg'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
11. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""àm§{VH$'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
12. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao ""qH$dm ~‘m© emgZmg'' ho eãX Jmico.
13. 1921 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 16-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
60 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
123. `wÕ H$aÊ`mMm ~oV Vo gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cndUo.- Omo H$moUr 1[^maV gaH$ma]> {déÕ `wÕ H$aÊ`mMm ~oV
ApñVËdmV Agë`mMo cn{dco Am{U Aem cndUwH$sÛmao Ago `wÕ gwH$a H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Vgo
hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
124. H$moUVmhr H$m`Xoera A{YH$ma dmnaÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mÀ`m qH$dm {ZéÕ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo amï´>nVr, amÁ`nmc
BË`mXtda h‘cm H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr ^maVmMm 2[amï´>nVr]>, qH$dm H$moUË`mhr 3[amÁ`mMm]> 4[amÁ`nmc 5* * *]> `mcm, Agm
amï´>nVr qH$dm amÁ`nmc 6* * * 7* * * 8* * * åhUyZ Agcoë`mn¡H$s H$moUVohr H$m`Xoera A{YH$ma H$moUË`mhr arVrZo
dmnaÊ`mg qH$dm dmnaÊ`mMo Q>miÊ`mg Ë`mcm àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm ^mJ nmS>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo, Agm 9[amï´>nVr qH$dm 4[amÁ`nmc
5
* **]> `mÀ`mda h‘cm H$arc, AWdm Ë`mcm J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$arc AWdm J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc AWdm
’$m¡OXmanmÌ ~cà`moJ H$ê$Z qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~càXe©Z H$ê$Z Ë`mcm XheV Kmcrc AWdm `mà‘mUo XheV KmcÊ`mMm
à`ËZ H$arc, Ë`mcm gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U
Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
10
[124-A$. àOmjmo^Z.- Omo H$moUr 11 * * * 12[^maVmV]> 13* ** {d{YV: g§ñWm{nV Pmcoë`m emgZm~Ôc EH$Va
Vm|S>r qH$dm coIr eãXm§Ûmao AWdm IwUm§Ûmao AWdm Ñí` à{Vê$nUmÛmao AWdm AÝ` àH$mao ÛofmMr qH$dm VwÀN>VoMr ^mdZm {Z‘m©U
H$arc qH$dm {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc AWdm AàrVrMr ^mdZm MoVdrc AWdm MoVdÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, 14[AmOrd
H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejm hmoB©c d {VÀ`m OmoS>rcm Ë`mÀ`mda Ðì`X§S> cmXVm òB©c AWdm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d {VÀ`m OmoS>rcm Ë`mÀ`mda Ðì`X§S> cmXVm òB©c AWdm ZwgVr Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- AàrVr `m eãXà`moJmV Ðmoh^mdZoMm d eÌwËdmÀ`m ^mdZm§Mm g‘mdoe Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- emgZmÀ`m Cnm``moOZm§‘Üò H$m`Xoera ‘mJmªZr ’o$a~Xc KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo, ÛofmMr, VwÀN>VoMr
qH$dm AàVrMr ^mdZm Z MoVdVm qH$dm MoVdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Z H$aVm Ë`m§À`m~Ôc Zmng§Vr ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ho$cocr Q>rH$m `m
2. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "JìhZ©a OZac' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""àm§VmMm'' ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao ""ào{gS>oÝgr'' `m EodOr ""àm§VmMm'' hm eãX
XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
4. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3 H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "JìhZ©a' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
5. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1956 Ûmao ""qH$dm amOà‘wI'' ho eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco.
6. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao ""qH$dm coâQ>Z§Q> JìhZ©a'' ho eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco.
7. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao ""qH$dm ^maVmÀ`m JìhZ©a OZacÀ`m H$m¡pÝgcMm gXñ`'' hm ‘OHy$a dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
8. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao ""qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ào{gS>oÝgrÀ`m H$m¡pÝgcMm'' hm ‘OHy$a dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
9. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Am{U AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 `m§Ûmao ""JìhZ©a OZac, JìhZ©a, coßQ>Z§Q> JìhZ©a
qH$dm H$m¡pÝgcMm gXñ`'' ho ‘yi eãX darcà‘mUo {demo{YV H$aÊ`mV Amco AmhoV. `mEodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
10. 1898 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 4 H$c‘ 4 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘ 124 H$ EodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco. ho ‘yi H$c‘ 124 H$ 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 27-
H$c‘ 5 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo.
11. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "" ha ‘°OoñQ>r~Ôc qH$dm '' ho eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao ""‘°OoñQ>r~Ôc'' `m Z§Va
g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco "" qH$dm H«$mD$Z [aàoP|Q>o{Q>ìh ~Ôc '' ho eãX AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao dJiÊ`mV Amco hmoVo.
12. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao qH$dm "{~«{Q>e
B§{S>`mV ' `m EodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
13. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao KmVcoco ""qH$dm {~«{Q>e‘Üò'' ho eãX AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao dJiÊ`mV Amco.
14. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26--H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$miçm nmÊ`mMr qH$dm H$moUË`m H$‘r ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mi`m nmÊ`mMr''
`mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 61
H$c‘mImcr AnamYr R>aV Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU 3.- ÛofmMr, VwÀN>VoMr qH$dm AàrVrMr ^mdZm Z MoVdVm qH$dm MoVdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Z H$aVm emgZmÀ`m
àemgH$s` qH$dm AÝ` H$madmB©~Ôc Zmng§Vr ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ho$cocr Q>rH$m `m H$c‘mImcr AnamY R>aV Zmhr.]>
125. ^maV gaH$maer g»»`mMo g§~§Y Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Am{e`m`r gÎmo-{déÕ `wÕ H$aUo. - Omo H$moUr 1[^maV
gaH$maer]> g»`mMo qH$dm em§VVoMo g§~§Y Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Am{e`m`r gÎmoÀ`m emgZm{déÕ `wÕ H$arc qH$dm Ago `wÕ
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc qH$dm Ago `wÕ H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejm hmoB©c d {VÀ`m OmoS>rcm
Ë`mÀ`mda Ðì`X§S> cmXVm òB©c, qH$dm gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
hmoB©c d {VÀ`m OmoS>rcm Ë`mÀ`mda Ðì`X§S> cmXVm òB©c, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
126. ^maV gaH$maer em§VVoMo g§~§Y Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr gÎmoÀ`m amÁ`joÌmV cyQ>‘ma H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr 1[^maV
gaH$maer]> ‘¡ÌrMo qH$dm em§VVoMo g§~§Y Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr gÎmoÀ`m amÁ`joÌm‘Üò cyQ>‘ma H$arc qH$dm cyQ>‘ma H$aÊ`mMr
V`mar H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV df}n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U
Ðì`X§S> d Aer cyQ>‘ma H$aVmZm dmnacoë`m qH$dm dmnaÊ`mMo `moOcoë`m AWdm Aem cyQ>‘marV {‘imcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMo
g‘nhaU `mgXoIrc Vmo nmÌ Agoc.
127. 25 d 126 `m H$c‘m§‘Üò C„opIë`mà‘mUo `wÕmV qH$dm cwQ>‘marV hñVJV Pmcocr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maUo.- Omo
H$moUr EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm 125 d 126 `m H$c‘m§‘Üò C„opIcoë`m§n¡H$s H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aVmZm hñVJV H$aÊ`mV Amcocr Amho
ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm Vr ñdrH$marc Ë`mg, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
{ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Ðì`X§S> d `mà‘mUo ñdrH$macoë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMo g‘nhaU `m§Zmhr Vmo nmÌ hmoB©c.
128. amOH¡$Úmcm qH$dm `wÕH¡$Úmcm niyZ OmÊ`mg cmoH$ godH$mZo BÀN>mnyd©H$ ‘w^m XoUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ
Am{U ñdV:H$S>o H$moUË`mhr amOH¡$ÚmMr qH$dm `wÕH¡$ÚmMr hdmcmV AgVmZm, OoWo Aem H¡$Úmcm ~§{XdmgmV R>odco Agoc Aem
H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUmhÿZ Aem H¡$Úmcm niyZ OmÊ`mg BÀN>mnyd©H$ ‘w^m XoB©c Ë`mg, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
129. cmoH$godH$mZo h`J`rZo Aem H¡$Úmcm niyZ OmD$ XoUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ Am{U ñdV:H$S>o H$moUË`mhr
amOH¡$ÚmMr qH$dm `wÕH¡$ÚmMr hdmcmV AgVmZm, OoWo Aem H¡$Úmcm ~§{XdmgmV R>odco Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr ~§{XdmgmÀ`m
{R>H$mUmhÿZ Aem H¡$Úmcm h`J`rZo niyZ OmD$ XoB©c Ë`mg, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
130. Aem H¡$Úmcm niyZ OmÊ`mg ‘XV H$aUo qH$dm Ad¡YnUo gmoS>dUo qH$dm Amgam XoUo.- Omo H$moUr OmUrdnyd©H$
H$moUË`mhr amOH¡$Úmcm qH$dm `wÕH¡$Úmcm H$m`Xoera hdmcVrVyZ niyZ OmÊ`mg ‘XV H$arc qH$dm gmhmæ` XoB©c, AWdm Aem
H$moUË`mhr H¡$Úmcm Ad¡YnUo gmoS>drc qH$dm gmoS>dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc, AWdm H$m`Xoera hdmcVrVyZ nimcoë`m Aem H$moUË`mhr
H¡$Úmg Amgam XoB©c qH$dm cndrc, AWdm Agm H¡$Xr nwÝhm {Ja’$Xma hmoV AgVm Ë`mg à{VH$ma H$arc qH$dm à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mMm
à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mg, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU- Á`mcm 3[^maVmV]> {dd{jV gr‘m§À`m AmV ‘wŠV g§MmamgmR>r n°amocda nadmZJr XoÊ`mV Amcr Amho Vmo
amÁ`H¡$Xr qH$dm `wÕH¡$Xr Oa Ë`mcm Á`m gr‘m§À`m AmV ‘wŠV g§MmamMr ‘w^m Amho Ë`m§À`m ncrH$S>o Jocm Va, Vmo H$m`Xoera
hdmcVrVyZ nimcm Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 Am{U AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao " OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr ' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIcm H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
3. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1950 d 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao " {~«{Q>e B§{S>`m 'hm
eãXmocoI darcà‘mUo {demo{YV Ho$cm.
62 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
àH$aU 7 do
^ygoZm, 1[Zm¡goZm Am{U dm`wgoZm]> `mg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
131. bîH$ar ~§S>mg AnàoaUm XoUo AWdm ^yg¡{ZH$, Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$ `mcm Ë`mÀ`m H$V©ì`mnmgyZ {dM{cV
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr 2[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygZo Vo rc 1[Zm¡gZo Vo rc qH$dm dm`wgZo Vo rc]> A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg{¡ ZH$mcm,
1
[Zm¡g{¡ ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg{¡ ZH$mcm]> ~§S> H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoBc
© AWdm Aem H$moUË`mhr A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg{¡ ZH$mcm, 1[Zm¡g{¡ ZH$mcm
qH$dm dm`wg{¡ ZH$mcm]> Ë`mÀ`m {Zð>no mgyZ qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$V©ì`mnmgyZ {dM{cV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, 3[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>
{H$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
4
[ñnï>rH$aU.-`m H$c‘m§‘Üò, A{YH$mar 1[^yg¡{ZH$, 5[Zm¡g¡{ZH$]> Am{U, dm`wg¡{ZH$]> `m eãXm§‘Üò, àH$aUnaËdo,
6
[^ygoZm A{Y{Z`‘,]> 7[^ygoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1950 (1950 Mm 46)]>, 5[Zm¡goZm AZwemgZ A{Y{Z`‘]>, 8* ** 9[^maVr`
Zm¡goZm (AZwemgZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1934 (1934 Mm 34) 10* * * 11[dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘ qH$dm 12[dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1950
(1950 Mm 45)]> `mg AYrZ Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.]>
132. cîH$ar ~§S>mMo AnàoaU-Ë`mÀ`m n[aUm‘r ~§S> KSy>Z Amë`mg.- Omo H$moUr 13[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygoZoVrc 1[,
Zm¡goZoVrc qH$dm dm`wgoZoVrc]> A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, 1[Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm]> ~§S> H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c
Ë`mcm, Ë`m AnàoaUmMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ ~§S> H$aÊ`mV Amco Va, ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm 3[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {H$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
133. ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm, Ë`mMm d[að> A{YH$mar Amnco nXH$m`© ~OmdV AgVmZm
Ë`mÀ`mda h‘cm H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo.- Omo H$moUr 2[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygoZoVrc 1[Zm¡goZoVrc qH$dm dm`wgoZoVrc]>
A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, 1[Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm] H$moUVmhr d[að> A{YH$mar Amnco nXH$m`© ~OmdV AgVmZm
1. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 10-H$c‘ 2 d 1 cr AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ‘yi ‘OHw$amEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
2. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "¹$sZ' `mEodOr hm eãXmoëcoI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmoëcoI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
4. 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 27-H$c‘ 6 Ûmao g‘m{dï> Ho$co.
5. 1934 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 35-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao g‘m{dï> Ho$co.
6. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 10-H$c‘ 2 d 1 cr AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""ha ‘°OoñQ>rÀ`m ^ygoZoMo A{YH$ Mm§Jco {Z`‘Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r Agcocr `wÜX
{Z`‘mdcr qH$dm 1869 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$. 5 `m‘Üò A§V^y©V Agcocr `wÜX {Z`‘mdcr'' `mEodOr ho XmIc Ho$co.
7. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""^maVr` ^ygoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1911'' `mEodOr ho XmIc Ho$co.
8. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""qH$dm'' hm eãX dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
9. AmVm Zm¡goZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1957 (1957 Mm 62) nhm.
10. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""`mÛmao {demo{YV Ho$cocm Vmo A{Y{Z`‘,'' hm ‘OHy$a dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
11. 1932 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 14-H$c‘ 130 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""qH$dm dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘'' `mEodOr XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
12. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""^maVr` dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1932'' `mEodOr XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
13. H«$‘e : AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 d 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao "{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m' hm
eãXmo„oI darcà‘mUo {demo{YV Ho$cm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 63
Ë`mÀ`mda h‘cm H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
134. Agm h‘cm H$aÊ`mMo AnàoaU h‘cm KSy>Z Amë`mg.- Omo H$moUr 1[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygoZoVrc 2[Zm¡goZoVrc
qH$dm dm`wgoZoVrc]> A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, 2[Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm]> H$moUVmhr d[að> A{YH$mar Amnco nXH$m`©
~OmdV AgVmZm Ë`mÀ`mda h‘cm H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm, Ë`m AnàoaUmÀ`m n[aUm‘r h‘cm H$aÊ`mV Amcm Va, gmV
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
135. ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm MmH$ar gmoSy>Z niyZ OmÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoUo.- Omo H$moUr
1
[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygoZoVrc 2[Zm¡goZoVrc qH$dm dm`wgoZoVrc]> H$moUË`mhr A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg¡{ZH$mcm, 2[Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm
dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm]> MmH$ar gmoSy>Z niyZ OmÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
136. ncm{`Vmcm Amgam XoUo.- 1[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygoZoVrc 2[Zm¡goZoVrc qH$dm dm`wgoZoVrc]> EImXm A{YH$mar,
^yg¡{ZH$ 2[,Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$]> niyZ Amcocm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVm§Zm qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm, `mV
`mnwT>o Z‘yX Ho$coë`m AndmXmì`{V[aŠV Eaìhr Omo H$moUr Aem A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg¡{ZH$mcm 2[Zm¡g¡{ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mcm]>
Amgam XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
AndmX- nËZrZo {VÀ`m nVrcm Amgam {Xcocm Agoc Ë`m àH$aUmcm hm Cn~§Y cmJy hmoV Zmhr.
137. ì`mnmar Oc`mZmda Zm¡H$m{YnVrÀ`m h`J`r‘wio ncm{`V Bg‘ cnyZ amhUo.- 1[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygoZoVrc
2
[Zm¡goZoVrc qH$dm dm`wgoZoVrc]> H$moUVmhr ncm{`V Bg‘ Á`m ì`mnmar Oc`mZmda cncocm Agoc Ë`mMm Zm¡H$m{YnVr qH$dm
hþHy$‘VXma ì`ŠVr ho Aem cnyZ amhÊ`m~m~V AkmZr Agco Var, Agm Zm¡H$m{YnVr qH$dm hþHy$‘VXma åhUyZ Agcoë`m Amnë`m
H$V©ì`mV H$mhr hcJOunUm Pmcm ZgVm qH$dm Oc`mZmda AZwemgZmMr H$mhr CUrd amhÿZ Jocr ZgVr Va Ë`m§Zm Aem cnyZ
amhÊ`mMo d¥Îm H$ico AgVo Ago Agë`mg, Vmo/Vr OmñVrVOmñV nmMeo énò BVŠ`m X§S>mg nmÌ hmoB©c.
138. ^yg¡{ZH$mÀ`m, Zm¡g¡{ZH$mÀ`m qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$mÀ`m {eaOmoarÀ`m H¥$Vrg AnàoaUm XoUo.- Omo H$moUr 1[^maV
gaH$maÀ`m]> ^ygZo Vo rc 2[Zm¡gZo Vo rc qH$dm dm`wgZo Vo rc]> H$moUË`mhr A{YH$mè`mcm, ^yg{¡ ZH$mcm 2[Zm¡g{¡ ZH$mcm qH$dm dm`wg{¡ ZH$mcm]>
Or H¥$Vr {eaOmoarMr R>aoc ho ñdV:cm ‘mhrV AgyZ Aer H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm, Ë`m AnàoaUoÀ`m n[aUm‘r Aer
{eaOmoarMr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mV Amcr Va, ghm ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c. BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
138-A$. [nyd©dVu H$c‘o ^maVr` gmJar godocm cmJy hmoUo]>. {demoYZ A{Y{Z`‘, 1934 (1934 Mm 35)- H$c‘ 2 d
AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {Za{gV.
2. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 10-H$c‘ 2 d 1 cr AZwgyMr `mÛmao ‘yi ‘OHw$amEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
64 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
139. {dd{jV A{Y{Z`‘m§Zm AYrZ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVr.- 1[^ygoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 2[^ygoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1950 (1950 Mm
46)]>, Zm¡goZm AZwemgZ A{Y{Z`‘, 3[4* * * 5[^maVr` Zm¡goZm (AZwemgZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1934 (1934 Mm 34)]> 6* **
7
[dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘ qH$dm 8[dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1950 (1950 Mm 45)]> `mg AYrZ Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m
àH$aUmV ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr AnamYm§~Ôc `m g§{hVoImcr {ejog nmÌ hmoV Zmhr.
140. ^yg¡{ZH$, Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$ dmnaVmo Ver dXu n[aYmZ H$aUo AWdm Vgo AmoiI{MÝh Odi ~miJUo.-
ñdV: 9[^maV gaH$maÀ`m]> ^yg¡{ZH$s 10[Zm¡g¡{ZH$s qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$s]> godoVrc ^yg¡{ZH$ 10[Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$]> ZgVmZm
AmnU Agm ^yg¡{ZH$ 10[Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$]> AmhmoV Agm g‘O ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo Omo H$moUr Agm ^yg¡{ZH$ 10[Zm¡g¡{ZH$
qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$]> dmnaVmo VemgmaIm H$moUVrhr dXu n[aYmZ H$arc AWdm VemgmaIo H$moUVohr AmoiI{MÝh Odi ~miJrc
Ë`mcm VrZ ‘{hZon`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
àH$aU 8 do
gmd©O{ZH$ àem§VVoÀ`m {damoYr AnamYm§{df`r
141. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md.- nmM qH$dm Ë`mnojm A{YH$ ì`ŠVr EH$Ì O‘ë`m AgyZ Ë`m O‘mdmVrc KQ>H$ ì`ŠVtMo g‘mZ
C{Xï> nwT>rcà‘mUo Agoc Va, Ë`m O‘mdmg ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md Ago g§~moYÊ`mV òVo, Vo Ago :-
n{hco- 11[H|$Ðr` qH$dm H$moUVohr amÁ` emgZ AWdm g§gX qH$dm H$moUË`mhr amÁ`mMo {dYmZ‘§S>i]> `mg AWdm H$moUVmhr
cmoH$godH$ Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnë`m H$m`Xoera A{YH$mamMm dmna H$aV AgVm Ë`mg ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJmÛmao qH$dm
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~càXe©ZmÛmao XheV KmcUo qH$dm
Xwgao- H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÀ`m qH$dm H$moUË`mhr d¡Y AmXo{eHo$À`m A§‘c~OmdUrcm à{VH$ma H$aUo; qH$dm
{Vgao- H$moUVrhr AmJirH$ qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U qH$dm AÝ` AnamY H$aUo; qH$dm
MdWo- EImÚm ì`ŠVr~m~V ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$ê$Z qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~càXe©Z H$ê$Z Ë`mÛmao, {VÀ`mH$S>o Á`m
‘mc‘ÎmoMm H$ãOm Agoc {VMm H$ãOm {VÀ`mH$Sy>Z H$mTy>Z KoUo qH$dm {‘i{dUo AWdm {Vcm Agcocm qH$dm Vr Cn^moJV Agcocm
‘mJm©{YH$ma qH$dm nmUr-dmnamMm h¸$ qH$dm AÝ` A‘yV© h¸$ `mnmgyZ {Vcm d§{MV H$aUo AWdm H$moUVmhr h¸$ qH$dm ‘mZrd h¸$
~OmdUo; qH$dm
2. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 10-H$c‘ 2 d 1 cr AZwgyMr `mÛmao ‘yi ‘OHw$amEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
3. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 10-H$c‘ 2 d 1 cr AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""¹$sZÀ`m ^ygoZogmR>r qH$dm Zm¡goZogmR>r Agcocr AWdm Aem ^ygoZoÀ`m
qH$dm Zm¡goZoÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJmgmR>r Agcocr H$moUVrhr goZm {Z`‘mdcr'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
4. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""^maVr` ^ygoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1911'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
5. 1934 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 35-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
6. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""qH$dm'' hm eãX dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
7. AmVm, Zm¡goZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1957 (1957 Mm 62) nhm.
8. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""`mÛmao {demo{YV Ho$cocm Vmo A{Y{Z`‘,'' hm ‘OHy$a dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
9. 1932 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 14-H$c‘ 130 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""qH$dm dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘'' hm ‘OHy$a dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
10. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""^maVr` dm`wgoZm A{Y{Z`‘, 1932'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
11. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""H|$Ðr` qH$dm H$moUVohr àm§{VH$ emgZ qH$dm {dYmZ‘§S>i'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 65
nmMdo- ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$ê$Z qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~càXe©Z H$ê$Z Ë`mÛmao, H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm Vr Oo H$aÊ`mg
{d{YV: ~Õ Zmhr Vo H$aÊ`mg AWdm Vr Oo H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: h¸$Xma Amho Vo Q>miÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Uo.
ñnï>rH$aU- Omo O‘md, Vmo O‘cm Ë`mdoiog ~oH$m`Xoera ZìhVm Vmo ‘mJmhÿZ ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
142. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ AgUo.- Á`m‘wio H$moUVmhr O‘md ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md R>aVmo Ë`m VÏ`m§Mr OmUrd
AgVmZm Omo H$moUr CÔoenyd©H$ Ë`m O‘mdmV gm‘rc hmoVmo qH$dm Ë`mV Wm§~yZ amhVmo Vmo ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ Agë`mMo
åhQ>co OmVo.
143. {ejm. Omo H$moUr ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ hmoB©c Ë`mg, ghm ‘{hZon`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
144. àmUKmVH$ hË`mam-{Zer g‚m hmoD$Z ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmV gm‘rc hmoUo. - H$moUVohr àmUKmVH$ hË`ma qH$dm Or
dñVy hëë`mMo hË`ma åhUyZ dmnacr AgVm ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho Aer H$moUVrhr dñVy `m{Zer g‚m hmoD$Z Omo
H$moUr ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ hmoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
145. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmcm nm§JÊ`mMm AmXoe Pmcm Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZhr Ë`mV gm‘rc hmoUo qH$dm Wm§~yZ
amhUo.- EImÚm ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmg nm§JÊ`mMm AmXoe {d{YV: {d{hV Ho$coë`m [aVrZo XoÊ`mV Amcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm
Omo H$moUr Ë`mV gm‘rc hmoB©c qH$dm Ë`mV Wm§~yZ amhrc Ë`mg, XmoZ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
146. X§Jm H$aUo.- Ooìhm Ho$ìhm ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmH$Sy>Z qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$moUË`mhr KQ>H$mH$Sy>Z Aem O‘mdmMo g‘mZ C{Ôï>
gmYÊ`mgmR>r ~cà`moJ qH$dm qhgmMma hmoVmo Voìhm, Aem O‘mdmMm àËòH$ KQ>H$ X§½`mÀ`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr AgVmo.
147. X§Jm H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr X§Jm H$aÊ`m~Ôc Xmofr Agoc Ë`mg XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
148. àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer g‚m hmoD$Z X§Jm H$aUo.- EImÚm àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer qH$dm Or dñVy hëë`mMo hË`ma
åhUyZ dmnacr AgVm ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho, Aem H$moUË`mhr dñVw{Zer g‚m hmoD$Z X§Jm Ho$ë`m~Ôc Omo H$moUr Xmofr
Agoc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
149. g‘mZ C{Ôï> gmYÊ`mgmR>r Ho$coë`m AnamYm~Ôc ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm àËòH$ KQ>H$ Xmofr AgUo.- ~oH$m`Xoera
O‘mdmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr KQ>H$mH$Sy>Z Ë`m O‘mdmMo g‘mZ C{Ôï> gmYÊ`mgmR>r EImXm AnamY qH$dm Vo C{Ôï> gmYÊ`mgmR>r Omo
AnamY KS>Uo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`m O‘mdmVrc KQ>H$ ì`ŠVtZm OmUrd hmoVr Agm EImXm AnamY KS>cm Va, Vmo AnamY
KS>Ê`mÀ`m doir Or Or ì`ŠVr Ë`m O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ hmoVr, Aer àËòH$ ì`ŠVr Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr AgVo.
150. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmV gm‘rc hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^mS>moÌr ì`ŠVr Jmoim H$aUo qH$dm ^mS>moÌr ì`ŠVr Jmoim H$aÊ`mH$S>o
H$mZmS>moim H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmV gm‘rc hmoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ë`mMm KQ>H$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r
^mS>çmZo KoB©c, Ë`mgmR>r ~m§YyZ KoB©c qH$dm Ë`m H$m‘r cmdrc AWdm Ogo ^mS>çmZo KoUo qH$dm ~m§YyZ KoUo qH$dm H$m‘r cmdUo `mg
àmoËgmhZ XoB©c qH$dm Ë`mH$S>o H$mUmS>moim H$arc Vmo Aem ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ åhUyZ Am{U `mà‘mUo ^mS>çmZo KoVë`m‘wio,
~m§YyZ KoVë`m‘wio qH$dm H$m‘r cmdë`m‘wio Ë`mcm AZwgê$Z Aer H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Aem ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmMm KQ>H$ åhUyZ Omo
H$moUVmhr AnamY H$arc Agm AnamY Ë`mZo ñdV:M Ho$cocm Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`m~Ôc {ejmnmÌ hmoB©c.
^mX§g-5
66 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
151. nmM qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtÀ`m O‘mdmcm nm§JÊ`mMm AmXoe {‘imë`mZ§Va OmUrdnyd©H$ Ë`mV gm‘rc hmoUo qH$dm
Wm§~yZ amhUo.- Á`m‘wio gmd©O{ZH$ em§VVm {~KS>Uo g§^dZr` Amho Aem, nmM qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtÀ`m H$moUË`mhr O‘mdmcm
nm§JÊ`m~m~V {d{YV: AmXoe {‘imë`mZ§Va Omo H$moUr Aem O‘mdmV OmUrdnyd©H$ gm‘rc hmoB©c qH$dm Ë`mVM Wm§~yZ amhrc
Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hZon`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
ñnï>rH$aU- Oa Vmo O‘md H$c‘ 141 À`m AWm©Zwgma ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md Agoc Va, AnamYr H$c‘ 145 Imcr
{ejmnmÌ hmoB©c.
152. cmoH$godH$ X§Jm B. e‘drV AgVmZm Ë`mÀ`mda h‘cm H$aUo qH$dm Ë`mcm AQ>H$md H$aUo. - EImXm cmoH$godH$
~oH$m`Xoera O‘md nm§JdÊ`mMm AWdm X§Jm qH$dm X§Jc e‘dÊ`mMm à`mg H$ê$Z Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>V
AgVmZm, Omo H$moUr Ë`mÀ`mda h‘cm H$arc qH$dm h‘cm H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoB©c, AWdm AQ>H$md H$arc qH$dm AQ>H$md H$aÊ`mMm
à`ËZ H$arc, AWdm Aem cmoH$godH$m~m~V ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$arc, qH$dm H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoB©c, qH$dm Vgm à`ËZ
H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
153. X§Jm KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ~oNy>Q>nUo àjmo^Z H$aUo X§Jm KSy>Z Amë`mg; X§Jm KSy>Z Z Amë`mg.- Or
Ad¡Y Amho Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$ê$Z Ooìhm H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm àjmo{^V H$arc Am{U Aem àjmo^Zm‘wio X§½`mMm AnamY
KS>mdm Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Vgo KS>Uo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Voìhm, Aem àjmo^ZmMm n[aUm‘
åhUyZ X§½`mMm AnamY KS>cm Va, Ë`mcm EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr,
qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc Am{U Oa X§½`mMm AnamY KS>cm Zmhr Va Ë`mcm ghm ‘{hZon`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1
[153-A$. Y‘©, d§e, OÝ‘ñWmZ, {Zdmg, ^mfm, B. H$maUm§dê$Z {Za{Zamù`m JQ>m§‘Üò eÌwËd dmT>dUo Am{U
EH$monm {Q>H$Ê`mg ~mYH$ Aem H¥$Vr H$aUo.- (1) Oa H$moUr,-
(a) Vmo|S>r qH$dm coIr eãXm§Ûmao AWdm IwUm§Ûmao AWdm Ñí` à{Vê$nUm§Ûmao AWdm AÝ`àH$mao Y‘©, d§e, OÝ‘ñWmZ,
{Zdmg, ^mfm, OmV qH$dm OZg‘mO `m§À`m qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$maUmdê$Z {Za{Zamio Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$
qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ> AJa OmVr AJa OZg‘mO `m§À`m‘Üò VoT> AWdm eÌwËdmÀ`m, ÛofmÀ`m qH$dm Xwï>mì`mÀ`m ^mdZm
dmT>dë`m qH$dm dmT>dÊ`mMo à`ËZ Ho$co Va, AWdm
(b) {Za{Zamio Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$ qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ> AJa OmVr AJa OZg‘mO `m§À`m‘Üò EH$monm {Q>H$Ê`mg
~mYH$ Aer Am{U Á`m‘wio gmd©O{ZH$ àem§VVm {~KS>Vo qH$dm {~KS>Uo g§^dZr` AgVo Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr Ho$cr
Va, 2[AWdm]>
2
[(c) H$moUVohr Aä`gZ, hmcMmc, H$dmB©V qH$dm AÝ` VËg‘ {H«$`mì`mnma `m§Mo g§`moOZ Ho$co Am{U Aem {H«$`mì`mnmamV
^mJ KoUmè`m ì`ŠVtZr H$moUË`mhr Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$ qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ> AJa OmV AJa OZg‘mO
`m§À`m{déÕ ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ qH$dm qhgmMma H$amdm AJa Ë`m H$m‘r Ë`m {eHy$Z V`ma ìhmì`mV Agm Ë`mMm
CÔoe Agoc AJa Aem {H«$`mì`mnmamV ^mJ KoUmè`m ì`ŠVr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`m§À`m{déÕ ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ qH$dm
qhgmMma H$aVrc qH$dm Ë`m H$m‘r Ë`m {eHy$Z V`ma hmoVrc Aer Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, AWdm Ë`mà‘mUo
1. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 35-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao nyduÀ`m H$c‘mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 67
Ë`m§À`m{déÕ ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ qH$dm qhgmMma H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`m H$m‘r {eHy$Z V`ma hmoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
qH$dm Aem {H«$`m ì`mnmamV ^mJ KoUmè`m ì`ŠVr Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`m§À`m{déÕ ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ qH$dm qhgmMma
H$aVrc Agm g§^d Agë`mÀ`m Om{UdoZo Aem {H«$`mì`mnmamV ^mJ KoVcm Am{U H$moUË`mhr H$maUmñVd H$m hmoB©Zm,
Aem {H«$`mì`mnmam‘wio Agm Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$ qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ> AJa OmV AJa OZg‘mO `mÀ`m
gXñ`m§‘Üò ^rVr qH$dm K~amQ> qH$dm Agwa{jVVoMr ^mdZm {Z‘m©U Pmcr qH$dm {Z‘m©U hmoUo g§^dZr` Agoc Va,]>
Ë`mcm VrZ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
(2) CnmgZmñWmZ, B. {R>H$mUr Ho$cocm AnamY.- Omo H$moUr nmoQ>-H$c‘ (1) ‘Üò {d{Z{X©ï> Ho$cocm EImXm AnamY
EImÚm CnmgZmñWmZr AWdm Ym{‘©H$ CnmgZm qH$dm Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma{dYr H$aÊ`mV Jw§Vcoë`m EImÚm O‘mdm‘Üò H$arc Ë`mcm,
nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.]>
153-AA$.- {‘adUwH$sV OmUrdnyd©H$ eó ZoUo qH$dm geó gm‘y{hH$ H$dm`V qH$dm gm‘y{hH$ à{ejU g§K{Q>V
H$aUo, KoUo, gh^mJr hmoUo.- (2005 AÝdò gwYmaUm) Omo H$moUr ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm, 1973 (1974 Mma) `mÀ`m H$c‘
144-A AÝdò H$mT>coë`m qH$dm {Xcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Omhra Zmo{Q>erMm qH$dm AmXoemMm ^§J H$ê$Z H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$
{R>H$mUr H$moUË`mhr {‘adUwH$sV OmUrdnyd©H$ eó ZoB©c qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ OmJr OmUrdnyd©H$ eómóm§gh H$moUË`mhr MidirZo
g§`moOZ H$aVmo qH$dm H¥$VrV AmUVmo qH$dm H$moUË`mhr H$dm`VrV ^mJ KoVmo qH$dm eómgh H$dm`VrMo à{ejU XoVmo Ë`mg {ejm.
6 ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV H¡$X Am{U X§S> énò 2000 n`ªV.
1
[153-B. amï´>r` EH$mË‘Vocm ~mYH$ Ago Aä`mamon, àfmXZo.- (1) Vm|S>r qH$dm coIr eãXm§Ûmao AWdm IwUm§Ûmao AWdm
Ñí` à{Vê$nUm§Ûmao AWdm AÝ`àH$mao Oa H$moUr,-
(a) EImÚm dJm©Vrc ì`ŠVr EImÚm Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$ qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ>mÀ`m AJa OmVrÀ`m AJa OZg‘mOmMm
gXñ` Agë`mH$maUmZo Ë`m ì`ŠVr H$m`ÚmÛmao àñWm{nV Pmcoë`m Aem ^maVr` g§{dYmZm~m~V Iar lÛm d {Zð>m
~miJy eH$V ZmhrV AWdm ^maVmMr gmd©^m¡‘Îmm d EH$mË‘Vm CÞV amIy eH$V ZmhrV, Agm Aä`mamon Ho$cm qH$dm
àH$m{eV Ho$cm Va, AWdm
(b) EImÚm dJm©Vrc ì`ŠVr EImÚm Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$ qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ>mÀ`m AJa OmVrÀ`m AJa OZg‘mOmMm
gXñ` Agë`mH$maUmZo Ë`m§Zm ^maVmMo ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ Ë`m§Mo h¸$ ZmH$maco OmdoV qH$dm Ë`m§nmgyZ Ë`m§Zm d§{MV
H$amdo Ago ànmXZ Ho$co, Agm g„m {Xcm, CnXoe Ho$cm, àMma Ho$cm qH$dm Ago àH$m{eV Ho$co Va, AWdm
(c) EImÚm dJm©Vrc ì`ŠVr EImÚm Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$ qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ>mÀ`m AJa OmVrÀ`m AJa OZg‘mOmÀ`m
gXñ` Agë`mH$maUmZo Ë`m§À`mda Agcoë`m Am~§YZmg§~§Yr H$moUVohr ànmXZ, g„m, `wpŠVdmX qH$dm AmdmhZ
Ho$co qH$dm àH$m{eV Ho$co, Am{U Ago ànmXZ, g„m, `wpŠVdmX qH$dm AmdmhZ `m§‘wio Ago gXñ` d BVa ì`ŠVr
`m§À`m Xaå`mZ VoT> AWdm eÌwËdmÀ`m qH$dm ÛofmÀ`m qH$dm Xwï>mì`mÀ`m ^mdZm {Z‘m©U Pmë`m qH$dm {Z‘m©U hmoUo
g§^dZr` Agoc Va,
Ë`mcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
(2) Omo H$moUr nmoQ>-H$c‘ (1) ‘Üò {d{Z{X©ï> Ho$cocm Agm EImXm AnamY H$moUË`mhr CnmgZmñWmZr AWdm Ym{‘©H$
CnmgZm qH$dm Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma{dYr H$aÊ`mV Jw§Vcoë`m EImÚm O‘mdm‘Üò H$arc Ë`mcm, nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.

68 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
154. OoWo ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md O‘Vmo Ë`m O{‘ZrMm ‘mcH$ qH$dm Vm~mYmaH$.- Ooìhm Ho$ìhm H$moUVmhr ~oH$m`Xoera
O‘md O‘oc qH$dm X§Jm hmoB©c Voìhm, Á`m O{‘Zrda Agm O‘md O‘cm Agoc qH$dm X§Jm Pmcm Agoc {VMm ‘mcH$ qH$dm
Vm~mYmaH$ Am{U Aem O{‘ZrV {hVg§~§Y Agcocm qH$dm {hVg§~§Y Agë`mMm Xmdm gm§JUmam Bg‘ `m§Zm Oa Agm AnamY KS>V
Amho qH$dm KS>cocm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vmo KS>Uo g§^dZr` Amho Ago g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm Ë`mZo qH$dm Ë`mMm
A{^H$Vm© qH$dm ì`dñWmnH$ `m§Zr Ë`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`m§À`m eŠVrZwgma cdH$amV cdH$a gdm©V OdiÀ`m nmocrg R>mÊ`mdarc
àYmZ A{YH$mè`mcm Ë`mMr XIc {Xcr Zmhr Am{U Vmo KS>Ê`mÀ`m ~oVmV Amho Ago g‘OÊ`mg Ë`mcm qH$dm Ë`m§Zm H$maU Agoc
Ë`m ~m~VrV, Ë`mcm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`m§À`m eŠVrZwgma gJù`m H$m`Xoera gmYZm§Mm Adc§~ Ho$cm Zmhr
Am{U Vmo KSy>Z Amcm AgVm, X§Jm e‘dÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md nm§JdÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`m§À`m eŠVrZwgma
gJù`m H$m`Xoera gmYZm§Mm Adc§~ Ho$cm Zmhr Va, Vo OmñVrV OmñV EH$ hOma énò BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mg nmÌ hmoVrc.
155. {OÀ`m {hVmW© X§Jm KS>dyZ AmUcm Agoc Ë`m Bg‘mMr {ejmnmÌVm.- Á`m O{‘Zr~m~V X§Jm hmoVmo Aem
H$moUË`mhr O{‘ZrMm ‘mcH$ qH$dm Vm~mYmaH$ Agcoë`m Aem AWdm Aem O{‘ZrV qH$dm Á`m‘wio X§Jm Pmcm Aem H$moUË`mhr
V§Q>çmÀ`m {df`dñVyV H$moUVmhr {hVg§~§Y Agë`mMm Xmdm gm§JUmè`m AWdm Ë`mnmgyZ H$moUVmhr ’$m`Xm ñdrH$maUmè`m qH$dm
{‘iUmè`m Aem H$moUË`mhr Bg‘mÀ`m {hVmgmR>r qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m dVrZo Ooìhm-Ho$ìhm X§Jm hmoB©c Voìhm Agm Bg‘, Oa Agm X§Jm
hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho qH$dm Á`mZo Agm X§Jm Ho$cm Vmo ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md O‘Uo g§^dZr` Amho Ago g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm
Ë`mZo qH$dm Ë`mMm A{^H$Vm© qH$dm ì`dñWmnH$ `m§Zr AZwH«$‘o Agm O‘md O‘Ê`mcm qH$dm X§Jm hmoÊ`mcm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Am{U Vmo X§Jm e‘{dÊ`mgmR>r d O‘md nm§JdÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`m§À`m eŠVrZwgma gd© H$m`Xoera gmYZm§Mm Adc§~ Ho$cm
Zmhr Va, Ðì`X§S>mg nmÌ hmoB©c.
156. Á`mÀ`m {hVmW© X§Jm KS>dyZ AmUcm Ë`m ‘mcH$m§À`m qH$dm Vm~mYmaH$mÀ`m A{^H$Ë`m©Mr {ejmnmÌVm.- Á`m
O{‘Zr~m~V X§Jm hmoVmo Aem H$moUË`mhr O{‘ZrMm ‘mcH$ qH$dm Vm~mYmaH$ Agcoë`m Aem AWdm Aem O{‘ZrV qH$dm Á`m‘wio
X§Jm Pmcm Aem H$moUË`mhr V§Q>çmÀ`m {df`dñVyV H$moUVmhr {hVg§~Y Agë`mMm Xmdm gm§JUmè`m AWdm Ë`mnmgyZ H$moUVmhr
’$m`Xm ñdrH$maUmè`m qH$dm {‘iUmè`m Aem H$moUË`mhr Bg‘mÀ`m {hVmgmR>r qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m dVrZo Ooìhm Ho$ìhm X§Jm hmoB©c Voìhm,
Aem Bg‘mMm A{^H$Vm© qH$dm ì`dñWmnH$, Oa Agm X§Jm hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho qH$dm Á`mZo Agm X§Jm Ho$cm Vmo ~oH$m`Xoera
O‘md O‘Uo g§^dZr` Amho Ago g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm Aem A{^H$Ë`m©Zo qH$dm ì`dñWmnH$mZo Agm O‘md O‘Ê`mcm
qH$dm X§Jm hmoÊ`mcm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{U Vmo X§Jm e‘{dÊ`mgmR>r d O‘md nm§JdÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`m eŠVrZwgma gd© H$m`Xoera
gmYZm§Mm Adc§~ Ho$cm Zmhr Va, Ðì`X§S>mg nmÌ hmoB©c.
157. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmgmR>r Jmoim Ho$coë`m ^mS>moÌr ì`ŠVtZm Amgam XoUo.- Omo H$moUr ñdV:À`m ^moJdQ>çmVrc qH$dm
A{âjoVrc qH$dm ñdV:À`m {Z`§ÌUmImcrc H$moUË`mhr KamV qH$dm dmñVyV H$moUmhr ì`ŠVtZm, Aem ì`ŠVr EImÚm ~oH$m`Xoera
O‘mdmV gm‘rc hmoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ë`m O‘mdmVrc KQ>H$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^mS>çmZo KoVcoë`m AmhoV, ~m§YyZ KoVcoë`m AmhoV qH$dm
Ë`mH$m‘r cmdcoë`m AmhoV AWdm ^mS>çmZo KoVë`m OmÊ`mÀ`m, ~m§YyZ KoVë`m OmÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`mH$m‘r cmdë`m OmÊ`mÀ`m
~oVmV AmhoV ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm Aml` XoB©c, Ë`m§Mo ñdmJV H$arc qH$dm Ë`m§Zm O‘drc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hZon`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
158. ~oH$m`Xoera O‘mdmV qH$dm X§½`mV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^mS>moÌr hmoUo, qH$dm eóg‚m hmoD$Z OmUo.- Omo H$moUr
H$c‘ 141 ‘Üò {d{Z{X©ï> Ho$coë`m§n¡H$s H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r gmhmæ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñdV:cm
~m§YyZ KoB©c qH$dm ^mS>çmZo KoVcm OmB©c. AWdm Ë`mgmR>r ^mS>moÌr åhUyZ OmÊ`mMr qH$dm ñdV:cm ~m§YyZ KoÊ`mMr V`mar Xe©drc
qH$dm Vgm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 69
Am{U Omo H$moUr nydm}ŠVmà‘mUo ~m§Ycm Jocm qH$dm ^mS>çmZo KoVcm Jocm AgyZ, H$moUË`mhr àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer qH$dm
hëë`mMo hË`ma åhUyZ dmnacr AgVm ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr dñVy{Zer g‚m hmoD$Z OmVrc AWdm
Vgo g‚m hmoD$Z OmÊ`mg ñdV:cm ~m§YyZ KoB©c qH$dm Ë`mg V`mar Xe©drc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
159. X§Jc.- Ooìhm XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVr gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr ‘mam‘mar H$ê$Z gmd©O{ZH$ em§VVm {~KS>dVmV Voìhm,
Ë`m§Zr X§Jc Ho$cr Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
160. X§Jc H$aÊ`mÔc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr X§Jc H$arc Ë`mcm EH$m ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`m Var
àH$aU 9 do
cmoH$godH$m§H$Sy>Z qH$dm Ë`m§À`mg§~§Yr KS>Umè`m AnamYm§{df`r
H$c‘ 161 Vo 165 ^«ï>mMma à{V~§Y A{Y{Z`‘, 1988 A§‘cmV Amë`mZo aÔ H$aÊ`mV Amco.
161. cmoH$godH$mZo nXr` H$m`m©À`m ~m~VrV d¡Y nm[al{‘H$mhÿZ AÝ` n[aVmofU KoUo.
162. cmoH$godH$mda à^md nmS>Ê`mgmR>r ^«ï> qH$dm Ad¡Y ‘mJm©Zo n[aVmofU KoUo.
163. cmoH$godH$mda d¡`pŠVH$ à^md nmS>Ê`mgmR>r n[aVmofU KoUo.
164. H$c‘ 162 qH$dm 163 ‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m AnamYm§g cmoH$godH$mZo AnàoaUm {Xë`m~Ôc {ejm.
165. cmoH$godH$mZo Ho$coë`m H$m`©dmhrV qH$dm ì`dhmamV {Z~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z Aem cmoH$godH$mZo à{V’$cm{dZm
‘yë`dmZ dñVy {‘idUo.
165-A$. H$c‘ 161 qH$dm H$c‘ 165 ‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m AnamYm§Zm AnàoaUm XoÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.>
Q>rn - H$b‘ 161 Vo H$b‘ 165-A$ 1988 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 49, H$b‘ 31 Ûmao dJiÊ¶mV Ambo.
166. H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$ godH$mZo H$m`ÚmMr Adkm H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr
cmoH$godH$ AgyZ Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Ë`mZo ñdV: H$emàH$mao AmMaU H$amdo `m~m~VÀ`m H$moUË`mhr {dYr {ZXoemMr
OmUrdnyd©H$ Adkm Ho$cr Agoc Am{U Aem Adko‘wio H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmoMdUo Ë`mcm CÔo{eV Agoc qH$dm Vgo
hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoD$ `mMr Ë`mg OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr
qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaU
"H$'$ `m A{YH$mè`mcm Ý`m`mc`mZo "¶' À`m ~mOyZo A{YKmo{fV Ho$coë`m hþH$y ‘Zmå`mMr nyVu H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMr A§‘c~OmdUr
åhUyZ ‘mc‘Îmm Vmã`mV KoÊ`mg {d{YV: {ZXo{eV H$aÊ`mV Amco AgyZ, Ë`m {dYr {ZXoemMr Adkm Pmë`mg AmnUm§H$Sy>Z "¶'
cm jVr nmoMUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVm "H$' OmUrdnyd©H$ Adkm H$aVmo. "H$' Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm
AnamY Ho$cocm Amho.
1
[166-A. cmoH$godH$mZo, H$m`ÚmÝdò {Xcoë`m {ZXoem§Mr Adkm H$aUo.- (a) EImÚm AnamYmÀ`m AÝdofUmÀ`m qH$dm
BVa H$moUË`mhr ~m~rMm à`moOZmgmR>r EImÚm {R>H$mUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrg CnpñWV amhÊ`mg ’$‘m©dÊ`mg H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr
{ZXoemZwgma à{V~§Y AgVmZm OmUrdnyd©H$ Ë`m {ZXoemMr Adkm H$arc, qH$dm
1. gZ 2013 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.13 H$b‘ 3 AÝd¶o 166-A d 166-B hr H$b‘o g‘m{dï> H$aÊ¶mV Ambr. (3-2-2013 nmgyZ
A‘bmV.)
70 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(b) Vmo Á`m‘Üò Ago AÝdofU H$arc Ë`m~m~VrVcr arV {d{Z`{‘V H$aUmè`m H$m`ÚmÀ`m BVa H$moUË`mhr {ZXoemMr,
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm ~mYm nmohmoMdÊ`mgmR>r Adkm H$arc, qH$dm
(c) H$c‘ 326-A, H$c‘ 326-B, H$c‘ 354, H$c‘ 354-B, H$c‘ 370, H$c‘ 370-A, H$c‘ 376, H$c‘
376-A, H$c‘ 376-B, H$c‘ 376-C$, H$c‘ 376-D, H$c‘ 376-E qH$dm H$c‘ 509 AÝdò {ejm`mo½`
Agcoë`m XIcr AnamYmÀ`m g§~§YmV, ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm, 1973 (1974 Mm 2) `mÀ`m H$c‘ 154 À`m
nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) Ë`mcm {Xcocr ‘m{hVr Zm|XdyZ KoÊ`mV H$gya H$arc, Ë`mcm ghm ‘{hÝ`m§nojm H$‘r Zgoc na§Vw XmoZ
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm XoÊ`mV òB©c Am{U Vmo X§S> Ho$cm OmÊ`mghr nmÌ
Agoc.
166-B. nr{S>V ì`ŠVrda CnMma Z Ho$ë`mg {ejm.- Omo H$moUr, gaH$mar qH$dm ImgJr é½Umc`mMm, ‘J Vo H|$Ð
emgZmH$Sy>Z Mmc{dÊ`mV òV Agmo, amÁ` emgZmH$Sy>Z Mmc{dÊ`mV òV Agmo ñWm{ZH$ ‘§S>imH$Sy>Z Mmc{dÊ`mV òV Agmo qH$dm
BVa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z Mmc{dÊ`mV òV Agmo- à^mar AgVmZm, ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm, 1973 (1974 Mm 2) `mÀ`m
H$c‘ 357-H$ À`m VaVwXrMo C„§KZ H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm X§S>mMr XmoÝhr
{ejm XoÊ`mV òVrc.]>
167. jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$godH$mZo MwH$sÀ`m XñVEodOmMr ‘m§S>Ur H$aUo.- 1[Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ
Ë`mÑï>rZo H$moUVmhr XñVEodO AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© V`ma H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm Ë`mMm AZwdmX H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Ë`mÀ`mda Amho
Am{U Or arV MwH$sMr Amho Ë`mcm ‘m{hVr Amho qH$dm Vmo g‘OVmo Am{U `m nÕVrZo XñVEodO AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© V`ma
H$aVmo qH$dm AZwdmX H$aVmo]> Am{U Ë`mÛmao H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmoMmdr Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ver jVr Ë`m‘wio
AmnUm§H$Sy>Z nmoMUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mg VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
168. cmoH$godH$mZo ~oH$m`XoeranUo ì`mnmaY§Xm H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ Am{U Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ
ì`mnmaY§Xm Z H$aÊ`mg Vmo {d{YV: ~Õ AgVmZm ì`mnmaY§Xm H$arc Ë`mg, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m
169. cmoH$godH$mZo ~oH$m`XoeranUo ‘mc‘Îmm {dH$V KoUo qH$dm VrgmR>r ~mocr XoUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ Am{U
Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ {dd{jV ‘mc‘Îmm IaoXr Z H$aÊ`mg qH$dm VrgmR>r ~mocr Z XoÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ, ñdV:À`m ZmdmZo
qH$dm AÝ` ì`ŠVrÀ`m ZmdmZo AWdm BVam§gh g§`wŠVnUo qH$dm ^mJrV Vr IaoXr H$arc qH$dm VrgmR>r ~mocr XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc; Am{U ‘mc‘Îmm IaoXr
Ho$cr Agë`mg, Vr A{YhaU Ho$cr OmB©c.
170. cmoH$godH$mMr ~VmdUr H$ê$Z VmoVò{Jar H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr AmnU cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ H$moUVohr {d{eï> A{YH$manX
YmaU H$aV Zmhr ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm Ago A{YH$manX YmaU H$aÊ`mMm ~hmUm H$arc AWdm Ago A{YH$manX YmaU H$aUmè`m
AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMr ~VmdUr H$ê$Z VmoVò{Jar H$arc Am{U Aem ~ZmdQ> ^y{‘Ho$V AgVmZm Aem nXm{YH$mamÀ`m {‘fmZo
H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mg, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
171. cmoH$godH$ dmnaVmo Ver dXu qH$dm Vgo AmoiI{MÝh H$nQ>r CÔoemZo n[aYmZ H$aUo qH$dm Odi ~miJUo.-
ñdV: cmoH$godH$m§À`m {dd{jV dJm©n¡H$s ZgVmZm, AmnU cmoH$godH$m§À`m Ë`m dJm©n¡H$s AmhmoV Agm g‘O ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo qH$dm
1. ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ A{Y{Z¶‘, 2000 (gZ 2000 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 21) AÝdò ~XbrXmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambo. (17-10-2000 nmgyZ)
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 71
Vgm g‘O hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho `mMr OmUrd AgyZ Omo H$moUr, Ë`m dJm©Vrc cmoH$godH$ dmnaVmV VemgmaIr dXu n[aYmZ H$arc
qH$dm VemgmaIo AmoiI{MÝh Odi ~miJrc Ë`mcm, VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
1
[àH$aU
9-A$]>
{ZdS>UwH$s¨g§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
171-A$. C‘oXdma, {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$ `m§À`m ì`m»`m.- `m àH$aUmÀ`m à`moOZm§gmR>r-
2
[(a) C‘oXdma `mMm AW©, Á`m ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr {ZdS>UwH$sVrc C‘oXdma åhUyZ Zm‘{ZX}{eV H$aÊ`mV Amcoco Amho
Vr ì`ŠVr Agm Amho;]>
(b) {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$ `mMm AW©, {ZdS>UwH$sV C‘oXdma åhUyZ Cô amhÊ`mMm qH$dm Cô Z amhÊ`mMm AWdm Amncr
C‘oXdmar ‘mJo KoÊ`mMm AWdm ‘VXmZ H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm ‘VXmZ H$aÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm amhÊ`mMm EImÚm ì`ŠVrMm h¸$ Agm Amho.
171-B. cmMcwMnV.- (1) Omo H$moUr-
(i) H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm H$moUVmhr {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$ dmnaÊ`mgmR>r {Vcm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm àd¥Îm
H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm Agm H$moUVmhr h¸$ dmnaÊ`m~Ôc H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm ~{jgr XoÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo n[aVmofU XoVmo;
AWdm,
(ii) Agm H$moUVmhr h¸$ dmnaÊ`m~Ôc AWdm Agm H$moUVmhr h¸$ dmnaÊ`mgmR>r AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm àd¥Îm
H$aÊ`m~Ôc qH$dm àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aÊ`m~Ôc ~{jgr åhUyZ H$moUVohr n[aVmofU ñdV:H$[aVm qH$dm AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$[aVm ñdrH$maVmo,
Ë`mZo cmMcwMnVrMm AnamY Ho$cm Ago hmoVo :
na§Vw, cmoH$YmoaU Omhra H$aUo qH$dm cmoH$mon`moJr H$madmB©Mo dMZ XoUo hm `m H$c‘mImcr AnamY hmoUma Zmhr.
(2) Or ì`ŠVr EImXo n[aVmofU XoD$ H$arc qH$dm XoÊ`mMo H$~yc H$arc AWdm Vo {‘idyZ XoÊ`mMr V`mar Xe©drc, qH$dm
Vgm à`ËZ H$arc Vr n[aVmofU XoVo Ago ‘mZco OmB©c.
(3) Or ì`ŠVr EImXo n[aVmofU {‘idrc qH$dm ñdrH$maÊ`mMo H$~yc H$arc qH$dm {‘idÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Vr n[aVmofU
ñdrH$maVo Ago ‘mZco OmB©c, Am{U Or ì`ŠVr AmnUm§g Oo H$aUo CÔo{eV Zmhr Ë`mgmR>r àcmo^Z åhUyZ qH$dm AmnU Oo Ho$coco
Zmhr Ë`m~Ôc ~{jgr åhUyZ EImXo n[aVmofU ñdrH$maVo {VZo ~{jgr åhUyZ Vo n[aVmofU ñdrH$maco Amho Ago ‘mZco OmB©c.
171-C. {ZdS>UwH$m§‘Üò J¡admOdr à^md nmS>Uo.- (1) H$moUË`mhr {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$mÀ`m ‘wŠV dmnamg Omo H$moUr
BÀN>mnyd©H$ AS>Wim H$arc qH$dm AS>Wim H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mZo {ZdS>UwH$sV J¡admOdr à^md nmS>Ê`mMm AnamY Ho$cm
Ago hmoVo.
(2) nmoQ>-H$c‘ (1) À`m Cn~§Ym§À`m ì`mnH$Vocm ~mY Z òVm, Omo H$moUr-
(a) H$moUË`mhr C‘oXdmamcm qH$dm ‘VXmamcm AWdm C‘oXdma qH$dm ‘VXma {OÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr jVr nmoMdÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoB©c, AWdm
1. 1920 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 39-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao àH$aU 9-A g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
2. 1975 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 40-H$c‘ 9 Ûmao ‘yi I§S> (a) EodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
72 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(b) C‘oXdmamcm qH$dm ‘VXmamcm, Vmo qH$dm {OÀ`m‘Üò Vmo {hVg§~§{YV Amho Aer H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr X¡dr àH$monmMm
qH$dm nma‘m{W©H$ XyfUmMm {df` hmoB©c qH$dm Ho$cr OmB©c Agm g‘O H$ê$Z KoÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$arc qH$dm àd¥Îm
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc,
Vmo Aem C‘oXdmamÀ`m qH$dm ‘VXmamÀ`m {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$mÀ`m ‘wŠV dmnamg nmoQ>-H$c‘ (1) À`m AWm©Zwgma
AS>Wim H$aVmo Ago ‘mZco OmB©c.
(3) cmoH$YmoaU Omhra H$aUo qH$dm cmoH$mon`moJr H$madmB©Mo dMZ XoUo qH$dm {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$mg AS>Wim H$aÊ`mMm
CÔoe ZgVmZm d¡Y h¸$mMm ZwgVm dmna H$aUo hm `m H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma AS>Wim Agë`mMo ‘mZco OmUma Zmhr.
171-D. {ZdS>UwH$m§‘Üò VmoVò{Jar H$aUo.- (1) Omo H$moUr AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ZmdmZo--‘J Vr h`mV Agmo
dm ‘¥V Agmo-qH$dm H$pënV ZmdmZo {ZdS>UwH$s‘Üò ‘Vn{ÌH$m ‘mJVmo qH$dm ‘VXmZ H$aVmo AWdm Aem {ZdS>UwH$sV EH$Xm ‘VXmZ
Ho$co AgVm Omo Ë`mM {ZdS>UwH$sV ñdV:À`m ZmdmZo ‘Vn{ÌH$m ‘mJVmo, Am{U Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z AemàH$mao
‘VXmZ hmoÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoVmo qH$dm Vgo `moOyZ AmUVmo qH$dm `moOyZ AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo Ë`mZo {ZdS>UwH$sV VmoVò{Jar
H$aÊ`mMm AnamY Ho$cm Ago hmoVo.
171-E>. cmMcwMnVr~Ôc {ejm.- (1) Omo H$moUr cmMcwMnVrMm AnamY H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc :
na§Vw, ga~amB©Ûmao cmMcwMnVrMm AnamY H$aÊ`m~Ôc ’$ŠV Ðì`X§S>M R>moR>mdÊ`mV òB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU- ga~amB© `mMm AW©, Á`m ~m~VrV ImÚ, noò, H$a‘UyH$ qH$dm gm‘J«rnwadR>m `m ê$nmV n[aVmofU {Xco OmVo
Ë`m àH$maMr cmMcwMnV Agm Amho.
171-F. {ZdS>UwH$sV J¡admOdr à^md nmS>Ê`m~Ôc qH$dm VmoVò{Jar H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr {ZdS>UwH$sV
J¡admOdr à^md nmS>Ê`mMm qH$dm VmoVò{Jar H$aÊ`mMm AnamY H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
171-G>. {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m g§~§YmV ImoQ>o H$WZ.- {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m {ZH$mcmda n[aUm‘ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Omo H$moUr,
H$moUË`mhr C‘oXdmamMo ì`pŠVJV Mm[aÍ` qH$dm dV©Z `mg§~§YmV dñVwpñWVr-H$WZ dmQ>Umao Ago Oo H$WZ ImoQ>o AgyZ Am{U Vo
ImoQ>o Agë`mMo AmnUmg ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo AmnU g‘OV AgyZ AJa Vo Iao Amho Ago AmnU g‘OV ZgVmZm Ago
H$moUVohr H$WZ H$arc qH$dm àH$m{eV H$arc Ë`mcm, Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
171-H. {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m g§~§YmV Ad¡YnUo n¡go IM© H$aUo.- C‘oXdmamH$Sy>Z gd©gmYmaU qH$dm {deof coIr àm{YH$ma
ZgVmZm Omo H$moUr Aem C‘oXdmamÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$scm MmcZm XoÊ`mH$[aVm qH$dm Ë`mg {ZdSy>Z AmUÊ`mH$aVm H$moUVmhr gmd©O{ZH$
g^m âdÊ`mImVa AWdm H$moUVrhr Om{hamV, n[anÌH$ qH$dm àH$meZ `mda AWdm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr àH$mao IM© H$arc qH$dm
Ë`mg àm{YH¥$Vr XoB©c Ë`mcm, nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, {ejm hmoB©c.
na§Vw, Oa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo àm{YH$ma ZgVmZm OmñVrV OmñV Xhm én`m§n`ªV H$mhr a¸$‘ Aem arVrZo IM© Ho$ë`mZ§Va,
Agm IM© Ho$ë`mÀ`m {XZm§H$mnmgyZ Xhm {Xdgm§À`m AmV Ë`m IMm©g C‘oXdmamMr coIr ‘mÝ`Vm {‘idcr Va, {VZo C‘oXdmamÀ`m
àm{YH$mam{Zer Agm IM© Ho$cm Agë`mMo g‘OÊ`mV òB©c.
171-I. {ZdS>UwH$sMo {heo~ R>odÊ`mg MwH$Uo.- {ZdS>UwH$s‘Üò qH$dm {VÀ`m g§~§YmV hmoUmè`m IMm©Mo AmnU {heo~ R>odUo
Ë`m Ë`m H$mir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmZwgma qH$dm H$m`Úmà‘mUo à^mdr Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr {Z`‘mZwgma
Amdí`H$ AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Ago {heo~ R>odÊ`mg MwHo$c Ë`mcm, nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 73
àH$aU 10 do
cmoH$godH$m§À`m H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mamÀ`m Ad‘mZm§{df`r
172. g‘ÝgMr ~OmdUr qH$dm BVa H$m`©dmhr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r ’$amar hmoUo.- cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg qH$dm
AmXoe H$mT>Ê`mg {d{YV: gj‘ Agcoë`m Aem H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mH$Sy>Z {ZKmcoco Ago g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg qH$dm AmXoe `mMr
Amnë`mda hmoUmar ~OmdUr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Omo H$moUr ’$amar hmoB©c Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m
H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
qH$dm, Oa Vo g‘Ýg qH$dm ZmoQ>rg qH$dm AmXoe Ý`m`mc`mV OmVrZo qH$dm A{^H$Ë`m©‘m’©$V hOa amhÊ`m{df`r AWdm
XñVEodO qH$dm dñVy AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© Agoc Va Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m
H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
173.g‘ÝgMr ~OmdUr qH$dm BVa H$m`©dmhr `mg à{V~§Y H$aUo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m àH$meZmcm à{V~§Y H$aUo.- cmoH$godH$
åhUyZ g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg qH$dm AmXoe H$mT>Ê`mg {d{YV: gj‘ Agcoë`m Aem H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mH$Sy>Z {ZKmcoco Ago g‘Ýg,
ZmoQ>rg AJa AmXoe `mMr ñdV:da qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda ~OmdUr hmoÊ`mg Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao CÔoenyd©H$
à{V~§Y H$arc.
qH$dm, Ago H$moUVohr g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg AJa AmXoe H$moUË`mhr OmJr H$m`XoeranUo cmdÊ`mg CÔoenyd©H$ à{V~§Y H$arc
qH$dm, Ago H$moUVohr g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg AJa AmXoe OoWo Vo H$m`XoeranUo cmdcoco Agoc Ë`m OmJoVyZ CÔoenyd©H$ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$sc,
qH$dm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ H$moUVmhr OmhraZm‘m H$mT>Ê`mMm {ZX}e XoÊ`mg {d{YV: gj‘ Agcoë`m Aem H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mÀ`m
àm{YH$mamÝdò Agm H$moUVmhr OmhraZm‘m H$m`XoeranUo H$mT>Ê`mcm CÔoenyd©H$ à{V~§Y H$arc, Ë`mcm EH$ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc,
qH$dm, Oa g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg, AmXoe AJa OmhraZm‘m, Ý`m`mc`mV OmVrZo qH$dm A{^H$Ë`m©‘m’©$V hOa amhÊ`m{df`r AWdm
XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© Agoc Va Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
174. cmoH$godH$mZo {Xcoë`m AmXoemZwgma CnpñWV Z amhUo.- cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg, AmXoe AJa
OmhraZm‘m H$mT>Ê`mg {d{YV: gj‘ Agcoë`m Aem H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mH$Sy>Z Vo {ZKmco AgVm Ë`mÀ`m AZwnmcZmW© {dd{jV
ñWir Am{U doir OmVrZo qH$dm A{^H$Ë`m©‘m’©$V hOa amhÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcocm Omo H$moUr,
Ë`m ñWir qH$dm doir hOa amhÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>mirc qH$dm Á`m {R>H$mUr hOa amhÊ`mg Vmo ~Õ Amho VoWyZ Á`m doir
Ë`mZo {ZKyZ OmUo H$m`Xoera Amho Ë`m doionydu VoWyZ {ZKyZ OmB©c,
Ë`mcm EH$ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc,
qH$dm, Oa g‘Ýg, ZmoQ>rg, AmXoe AJa OmhraZm‘m, Ý`m`mc`mV OmVrZo qH$dm A{^H$Ë`m©‘m’©$V hOa amhÊ`m{df`r Agoc
Va, ghm ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc,
CXmhaUo
(a) H$mocH$mVm òWrc [Cƒ Ý`m`mc`mZo]> H$mT>coë`m gmjrg‘ÝgmÀ`m AZwnmcZmW© Ë`m Ý`m`mc`mg‘moa CnpñWV
1
hmoÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcocm H$ CnpñWV hmoÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miVmo. "H$' Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV
Amcocm AnamY Ho$cocm Amho.
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1950 Ûmao gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mc`mZo `m EodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
74 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(b) 1
[{Oëhm Ý`m`mYremZo] H$mT>coë`m g‘ÝgmÀ`m AZwnmcZmW© gmjrXma åhUyZ Ë`m 1[{Oëhm Ý`m`mYremg‘moa]>
CnpñWV hmoÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcocm "H$'$CnpñWV hmoÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miVmo. "H$'$Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m
H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cocm Amho.
174-A. gZ 1974 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.2 À`m H$c‘ 82 Imcrc CX²KmofUocm AZwgê$Z CnpñWV amhÊ`mMo Q>miUo.-
(2005 AÝdò gwYmaUm) ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVoÀ`m H$c‘ 82 (1) Imcr OmhraZm‘m Pmcocm AgVm, Vmo Ë`mà‘mUo Z‘yX
Ho$coë`m OmJr d doir hOa Z am{hë`mg Ë`mg VrZ dfmªn`ªV H¡$X qH$dm X§S> qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc Am{U CnH$c‘ 4 à‘mUo
’$ama Kmo{fV Ho$cm Agoc Va 7 dfmªn`ªV H¡$X Am{U X§S>.
175. cmoH$godH$mH$S>o XñVEodO hOa H$aÊ`mg ~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo Vmo hOa H$aÊ`mMo Q>miUo.- cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ
EImÚmH$S>o H$moUVmhr XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© H$aÊ`mg qH$dm ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vo hOa
H$aÊ`mMo qH$dm ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mMo Q>mirc Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm
nmMeo én`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
qH$dm, Oa XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© Ý`m`mc`mH$S>o hOa H$amd`mMr qH$dm ñdmYrZ H$amd`mM Agoc Va, ghm
‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
CXmhaUo
1
[{Oëhm Ý`m`mc`mg‘moa]> XñVEodO hOa H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcocm "H$'$Vmo XñVEodO gmXa H$aÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$
Q>miVmo. "H$'$Zo `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cocm Amho.
176. cmoH$godH$mcm XIc qH$dm ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo Vr XoÊ`mMo Q>miUo.- cmoH$godH$
åhUyZ EImÚmcm EImÚm {df`mg§~§Yr H$moUVrhr XIc XoÊ`mg qH$dm ‘m{hVr nwadÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ Omo H$moUr H$m`ÚmÛmao
Amdí`H$ Ho$coë`m Aem arVrZo d Vem doir Aer XIc XoÊ`mMo qH$dm ‘m{hVr nwadÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>mirc Ë`mcm, EH$
‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm
XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
qH$dm, Or XIc qH$dm ‘m{hVr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho Vr AnamY KS>Ê`mg§~§YrMr Agoc, AWdm, AnamY KS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y
H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm AnamÜ`mcm {Ja’$Vma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agoc Va, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
2
[qH$dm Or XIc qH$dm ‘m{hVr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho Vr ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm, 1898 *(1898 Mm 5)-H$c‘ 565-
nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) AÝdò H$mT>Ê`mV Amcoë`m AmXoemZwgma Amdí`H$ Agoc Va, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc,]>
177. ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr nwadUo.- cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ EImÚmcm H$moUË`mhr {df`mg§~§Yr ‘m{hVr nwadÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ
Agcocm Omo H$moUr Ë`m {df`mg§~§YrMr Or ‘m{hVr ImoQ>r Agë`mMo AmnUmg ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg AmnUm§g H$maU
Amho Aer ‘m{hVr Iar åhUyZ nwadrc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVtÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm EH$
hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1950 Ûmao {Oëhm Ý`m`mYre `m EodOr hm eãXmoëcoI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. 1939 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 22-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao OmXm XmIc Ho$co.
* AmVm "’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm, 1973' (1974 Mm 2) nhm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 75
qH$dm, Or ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg Vmo {d{YV: ~Õ Amho Vr AnamY KS>{dÊ`m{df`r Agoc, AWdm AnamY KS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y
H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm AnamÜ`mcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agoc Va, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$hm O‘rZYmaH$ Ë`mÀ`m O{‘ZrÀ`m hÔtÀ`m AmV EImÚmMm IyZ KS>ë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm, gmn Mmdë`mÀ`m
n[aUm‘r AnKmVmZo Ë`mMm ‘¥Ë`y Pmcocm Amho Aer MwH$sMr ‘m{hVr {OëømÀ`m X§S>m{YH$mè`mcm ~wpÕnwañga XoVmo.
"H$' `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(b) "H$'$hm JmdmMm amIUXma am‘moer AgyZ eoOmaÀ`m JmdmV amhUmam lr‘§V ì`mnmar "¶' `mÀ`m Kam‘Üò XamoS>m
KmcÊ`mgmR>r AZmoiIr ‘mUgm§Mr EH$ Q>moir OmVmZm Ë`mÀ`m Jmdm‘YyZ Jococr Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm Am{U gdm©V
ZOrH$À`m nmocrg R>mÊ`mÀ`m A{YH$mè`mH$S>o darc Jmoï>rMr ‘m{hVr Ëd[aV d doiÀ`m doir XoÊ`mg Vmo ~§Jmc {dYr
g§{hVm 1[{d{Z`‘ 3 am, 1821-H$c‘ 7 do I§S> 5 `mAÝdò ~Õ AgVmZm nmocrg A{YH$mè`mcm ~wpÕnwañga Aer
MwH$sMr ‘m{hVr XoVmo H$s, doJi`mM {Xeocm Agcoë`m EH$m {dd{jV XyaÀ`m {R>H$mUr XamoS>m KmcÊ`mgmR>r g§e`mñnX
Bg‘m§Mr EH$ Q>moir Jmdm‘YyZ Jococr Amho. `m ~m~VrV "H$' `m H$c‘mÀ`m CÎma ^mJm‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV
Amcoë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
2
[ñnï>rH$aU- H$c‘ 176 ‘Üò Am{U `m H$c‘m‘Üò AnamY `m eãXmV, 3[^maVm~mhoarc]> H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUr H$aÊ`mV
Amcocr Or H¥$Vr 3[^maVmV]> Ho$cr Jocr AgVr Va nwT>rc åhUOo 302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397,
398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459 d 460 `m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$c‘mImcr {ejmnmÌ R>acr
AgVr Aem H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrMm g‘mdoe Amho, Am{U AnamYr `m eãXmV, Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr Ho$ë`m~Ôc Or Xmofr Agë`mMo
A{^H$WZ H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm g‘mdoe Amho.]>
178. enW KoÊ`mg qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$aÊ`mg cmoH$godH$mZo [aVga ’$‘m©{dco AgVm Ë`mg ZH$ma XoUo.- Omo H$moUr,
Ë`mZo gË` H$WZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñdV:cm enWoZo 4[qH$dm ÑT>H$WZmZo]> ~m§§YyZ ¿`mdo Ago ’$‘m©dÊ`mg {d{YV: gj‘ Agcoë`m
cmoH$godH$mZo `mà‘mUo ~m§YyZ KoÊ`mg ’$‘m©dco AgVm Ë`mà‘mUo ñdV:cm ~m§YyZ KoÊ`mg ZH$ma XoB©c Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
179. àíZ {dMmaÊ`mg àm{YH¥$V Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mcm CÎma XoÊ`mg ZH$ma XoUo.- H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mcm
H$moUË`mhr {df`mg§~§Yr gË` H$WZ H$aÊ`mg ñdV: {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ Omo H$moUr Ë`mcm Aem cmoH$godH$mZo Agm cmoH$godH$
åhUyZ Amnë`m d¡Y A{YH$mam§Mm dmna H$ê$Z Ë`m {df`mg§~§Yr {dMmacoë`m H$moUË`mhr àíZmcm CÎma XoÊ`mg ZH$ma XoB©c Ë`mcm,
ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr,
qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
180. H$WZ ñdmj[aV H$aÊ`mg ZH$ma XoUo.- Omo H$moUr ñdV: Ho$coco H$moUVohr H$WZ, Ë`mZo Vo ñdmj[aV H$amdo Ago
’$‘m©dÊ`mg {d{YV: gj‘ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mZo Vgo H$aÊ`mV ’$‘m©{dco AgVm ñdmj[aV H$aÊ`mg ZH$ma XoB©c Ë`mcm, VrZ
1. 1862 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 17 Ûmao {Za{gV.
2. 1894 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 5 Ûmao â KmVcr.
3. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e
B§{S>`m'' `mEodOr darc eãXmo„oI KmVcm.
4. 1873 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10 H$c‘ 15 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
76 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm
181. enW KoÊ`mg qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mg àm{YH¥$V Agcocm cmoH$godH$ qH$dm AÝ` ì`ŠVr `m§À`mg‘moa
enW KoD$Z qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$ê$Z ImoQ>o H$WZ H$aUo.- enW KoÊ`mg 1[qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ]> H$ê$Z KoÊ`mg {d{YV: àm{YH¥$V
Agm H$moUVmhr cmoH$godH$ qH$dm AÝ` ì`ŠVr `m§À`mg‘moa H$moUË`mhr {df`mg§~§Yr gË` H$WZ H$aÊ`mg ñdV: Aem enWoZo
1
[qH$dm ÑT>H$WZmZo]> {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ Omo H$moUr Ë`m {df`mg§~§Yr Oo ImoQ>o Amho AWdm Oo ImoQ>o Agë`mMo Ë`mcm ‘mhrV Amho
qH$dm Vgo Vmo g‘OV Amho AWdm Oo Iao Amho Ago Vmo g‘OV Zmhr Ago H$moUVohr H$WZ nydm}ŠV Agm cmoH$godH$ qH$dm AÝ`
ì`ŠVr `m§À`mg‘moa H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
2
[182. cmoH$godH$mcm Amnë`m H$m`Xoera A{YH$mamMm dmna Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmohmoMoc AemàH$mao H$am`cm
cmdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoUo.- Or ‘m{hVr ImoQ>r Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo ñdV: g‘OV Amho Aer
H$moUVrhr ‘m{hVr Oa H$moUr EImÚm cmoH$godH$mcm {Xcr Am{U Ë`m‘wio Aem cmoH$godH$mcm
(a) Á`m~m~V Aer ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mV Amcr Amho Ë`m~m~VMr Iar dñVwpñWVr Ë`mcm kmV AgVm Oo Aem cmoH$godH$mZo
H$aVm H$m‘m Zò qH$dm H$aÊ`mMo Q>mico nm{hOo Ago H$mhrhr H$aUo qH$dm Q>miUo, qH$dm,
(b) Aem cmoH$godH$mcm Agcocm H$m`Xoera A{YH$ma EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmohmoMoc qH$dm Ìmg hmoB©c AemàH$mao
dmnaUo,
ho ^mJ nS>mdo Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Vgo KS>Ê`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr OmUrd Agoc
Va, Ë`mcm ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.]
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' EH$m X§S>m{YH$mè`mcm, Aem X§S>m{YH$mè`mÀ`m hmVmImcrc EH$ nmocrg A{YH$mar "¶' hm H$V©ì`mMr Cnojm
H$aÊ`m~Ôc qH$dm J¡adV©Zm~Ôc Xmofr Amho Aer ‘m{hVr, Vr ImoQ>r Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZhr Am{U Ë`m ‘m{hVr‘wio
"¶' cm nXÀ`wV H$aUo X§S>m{YH$mè`mcm ^mJ nS>oc Agm g§^d AgÊ`mMr OmUrd AgyZhr XoVmo. "H$'$Zo `m H$c‘mV
ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
(b) "H$'$EH$m cmoH$godH$mcm, "¶' Odi à{V{gÕ ‘rR> AgyZ Vo Jwá {R>H$mUr R>odco Amho. Aer ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr, Vr ImoQ>r
Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZhr Am{U Ë`m ‘m{hVrÀ`m n[aUm‘r "¶' À`m OmJoMr PS>Vr KoVcr OmD$Z "¶' cm Ìmg
hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr OmUrd AgyZhr XoVmo. "H$'$Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
(c) EH$m {d{eï> JmdmÀ`m AmgnmgÀ`m ^mJmV Amnë`mda h„m hmoD$Z O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mV Amcr Aer ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr
"H$'$EH$m nmo{cgmcm XoVmo. Amnë`mda h„m H$aÊ`mè`m§n¡H$s åhUyZ Vmo H$moUmMohr Zmd gm§JV Zmhr, nU `m ‘m{hVrMm
n[aUm‘ åhUyZ nmocrg Mm¡H$er MmcdyZ PS>Ë`m KoÊ`mg gwédmV H$aVrc d Ë`m`moJo JmdH$è`m§Zm qH$dm Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s
H$mhtZm Ìmg hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Amho. "H$'$Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY
Ho$cm Amho.

2. 1895 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 1 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 77
183. cmoH$godH$mÀ`m H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mamÝdò ‘mc‘Îmm Vmã`mV KoVcr OmÊ`mg à{VH$ma H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr
cmoH$godH$mÀ`m H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mamÝdò ‘mc‘Îmm Vmã`mV KoVcr OmV AgVm Vmo Agm cmoH$godH$ Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm
Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao à{VH$ma H$arc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
184. cmoH$godH$mÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò {dH«$sg H$mT>coë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m {dH«$scm AQ>H$md H$aUo.- cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ
EImÚmcm Agcoë`m H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mamÝdò {dH«$sg H$mT>coë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m {dH«$scm Omo H$moUr CÔoenyd©H$ AQ>H$md
H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
185. cmoH$godH$mÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò ‘mc‘Îmm {dH«$sg H$mT>cr AgVm Ad¡YnUo Vr IaoXr H$aUo qH$dm VrgmR>r ~mocr
~mocUo.- cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ EImÚmcm Agcoë`m H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mamÝdò ‘mc‘ÎmoMm H$moUVmhr {dH«$s ì`dhma hmoV AgVm Oa
H$moUr, Ë`m {dH«$sÀ`m doir Vr ‘mc‘Îmm {dH$V KoÊ`mg Or {d{YV: Aj‘ Agë`mMo Ë`mg ‘mhrV Amho- ‘J Vr ì`ŠVr åhUOo
Vmo ñdV:Mm Agmo dm AÝ` H$moUr Agmo-Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$aVm Vr IaoXr Ho$cr AWdm Aem ‘mc‘ÎmoH$[aVm ~mocr ~moccm
d Aer ~mocr ~mocë`m‘wio Vmo ñdV:da Or Am~§YZo cmXyZ KoVmo Vr nmiÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Zgoc Va, Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr
186. cmoH$godH$ gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`} nma nmS>rV AgVm Ë`mcm AQ>H$md H$aUo.- H$moUVmhr cmoH$godH$ Amncr gmd©O{ZH$
H$m`} nma nmS>rV AgVm Omo H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ Ë`mg AQ>H$md H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
187. cmoH$godH$mcm gmhmæ` XoUo {d{YV: ~§YZH$maH$ AgVmZm gmhmæ` XoÊ`mMo Q>miUo.- H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mcm
Ë`mMo gmd©O{ZH$ H$V©ì` ~OmdÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r gmhmæ` H$aÊ`mg qH$dm nwadÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ Omo H$moUr Ago gmhmæ`
XoÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>mirc Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm
XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
Am{U Oa Ý`m`mc`mZo H$m`XoeranUo H$mT>coë`m H$moUË`mhr AmXo{eHo$Mr A§‘c~OmdUr H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm AnamY KS>Ê`mg
à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm X§Jm qH$dm X§Jc e‘dÊ`mÀ`m AWdm AnamY Ho$ë`mMm Xmofmamon Agcoë`m AJa Ë`m~Ôc qH$dm
H$m`Xoera hdmcVrVyZ niyZ Joë`m~Ôc Xmofr Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© gmhmæ` ‘mJÊ`mg {d{YV:
gj‘ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mZo Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Ago gmhmæ` ‘m{JVco Agoc Va, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
188. cmoH$godH$mZo arVga Omar Ho$coë`m AmXoemMr Adkm.- EImXm AmXoe Omar H$aÊ`mg H$m`XoeranUo A{YH$ma
àXmZ Pmcoë`m cmoH$godH$mZo Omar Ho$coë`m Aem AmXoemÛmao, {dd{jV H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm amhÊ`mMm AWdm ñdV:À`m
H$ãOmVrc qH$dm ñdV:À`m ì`dñWmnZmImcrc {dd{jV ‘mc‘Îmo~m~V {dd{jV ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mMm AmnUmg {ZXoe {‘imcm Amho
ho ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr Aem {ZXoemMr Adkm H$arc Ë`mcm,-
Oa H$m`XoeranUo {Z`wŠV Pmcoë`m EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Aem Adko‘wio AQ>H$md, Ìmg qH$dm jVr Pmcr AWdm AQ>H$md,
Ìmg qH$dm jVr `m§Mm YmoH$m CËnÞ Pmcm AWdm Vo hmoÊ`mH$S>o Ë`m AdkoMm amoI Agoc Va, EH$ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
Am{U Oa Aem Adko‘wio ‘mZdr Or{dV, Amamo½`, qH$dm gwa{jVVm `m§Zm YmoH$m nmoMcm qH$dm nmoMÊ`mH$S>o {VMm amoI Agoc
78 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
AWdm Vr‘wio X§Jm qH$dm X§Jc KSy>Z Amcr qH$dm KSy>Z òÊ`mH$S>o {VMm amoI Agoc Va, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
ñnï>rH$aU- Anm` KS>dyZ AmUUo AnamÜ`mcm CÔo{eV Agco nm{hOo qH$dm AmnU Adkm Ho$ë`mZo Anm` KS>Uo g§^dZr`
Amho `mMr Ë`mcm nyd©H$ënZm Agcr nm{hOo Aer Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. Vmo Á`mMr Adkm H$aVmo Ë`m AmXoemMr Ë`mcm ‘m{hVr hmoVr,
Am{U Ë`mÀ`m Adko‘wio Anm` KS>cm qH$dm KS>Uo g§^dZr` Amho, EdT>o nwaogo Amho.
CXmhaU
EH$m {d{eï> añË`mdê$Z Ym{‘©H$ {‘adUyH$ OmVm H$m‘m Zò Agm AmXoe Omar H$aÊ`mg H$m`XoeranUo A{YH$ma àXmZ
Pmcoë`m cmoH$godH$mZo Agm AmXoe Omar Ho$cm Amho. H$ OmUrdnyd©H$ Ë`m AmXoemMr Adkm H$aVmo, Am{U Ë`m‘wio X§½`mMm YmoH$m
CËnÞ hmoVmo. H$ Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
189. cmoH$godH$mcm jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mMm YmH$.- Amnë`m gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`m©{YH$mam§À`m dmnamer {ZJ{S>V Aer H$moUVrhr
H¥$Vr H$aÊ`m~Ôc qH$dm Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm amhÊ`m~Ôc, qH$dm {Vcm {dc§~ cmdÊ`m~Ôc H$moUË`mhr
cmoH$godH$mMo ‘Z didÊ`mgmR>r Omo H$moUr Aem cmoH$godH$mcm AJa Vmo cmoH$godH$ Amnë`m g‘OwVrà‘mUo {OÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~{§ YV
Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmoMdÊ`mMm Ë`mcm YmH$ Kmcrc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
190. cmoH$godH$mH$S>o g§ajUmgmR>r AO© H$aÊ`mnmgyZ EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm namd¥Îm amhÊ`m~Ôc ‘Z didÊ`mH$aVm
jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mMm YmH$.- H$moUË`mhr jVrnmgyZ g§ajU XoÊ`mg qH$dm Ago g§ajU XoÊ`mg {d{YV: A{YH$ma àXmZ Pmcoë`m
H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mH$S>o Aem g§ajUmgmR>r H$m`Xoera AO© H$aÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm amhÊ`m~Ôc qH$dm {Zd¥Îm hmoÊ`m~Ôc EImÚm
ì`ŠVrMo ‘Z didÊ`mgmR>r Omo H$moUr Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmoMdÊ`mMm YmH$ XmIdrc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
àH$aU 11 do
ImoQ>m nwamdm Am{U gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`m`mÀ`m {damoYr AnamY `m§{df`r
191. ImoQ>m nwamdm XoUo. ñdV: gË` H$WZ H$aÊ`mg enWo‘wio qH$dm H$m`ÚmÀ`m EImÚm ñnï> Cn~§Ym‘wio {d{YV: ~Õ
AgyZ AWdm H$moUË`mhr {df`mg§~§Yr EImXo A{YH$WZ H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ AgyZ Oa H$moUr Oo ImoQ>o Amho AJa Oo ImoQ>o
Agë`mMo Ë`mg ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo Vmo g‘OVmo Ago AJa Oo Iao Amho Ago Vmo g‘OV Zmhr Ago H$moUVohr H$WZ Ho$co Va,
Ë`mZo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcm Ago åhQ>co OmB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- H$WZ eãXê$nmZo Ho$coco Agmo dm AÝ`Wm Ho$coco Agmo, Vo `m H$c‘mÀ`m AW©H$joV òVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- gmjm§H$Z H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrMo Amnë`m g‘OwVr~m~VMo ImoQ>o H$WZ ho `m H$c‘mÀ`m AW©H$joV òVo, Am{U
Á`m Jmoï>rda Amncm {dœmg Zmhr Vr Ver Agë`mMo AmnU g‘OVmo Ago H$WZ H$aÊ`mZo, VgoM Or Jmoï> Amnë`mcm ‘mhrV Zmhr
Vr AmnUm§g ‘mhrV Amho Ago H$WZ H$aÊ`mZohr EImXr ì`ŠVr ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xë`m~Ôc Xmofr hmoD$ eHo$c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "I' cm "¶' {déÕ EH$ hOma én`m§~m~V Omo Ý`mæ` ‘mJUrh¸$ Amho Ë`mcm nmqR>~m XoÊ`mgmR>r g§narjoÀ`m doir
"H$'$ hm, "I'À`m h¸$mMm Ý`mæ`nUm "¶' H$~yc H$aV AgVmZm AmnU Vo EoH$co Ago enWoda ImoQ>o gm§JVmo. "H$'$Zo
ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Amho.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 79
(b) gË` H$WZ H$aÊ`mg enWoZo ~Õ AgyZ "H$'$hm, {dd{jV ñdmjar hr "¶' À`m hñVmjamV Amho Ago Vmo g‘OV
ZgVmZm Vo "¶' Mo hñVmja Amho Ago AmnU g‘OVmo Ago H$WZ H$aVmo. `m ~m~VrV, "H$'$ñdV:cm Oo ImoQ>o
Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Amho Vo H$WZ H$aVmo, Am{U åhUyZ Ë`mZo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Amho.
(c) "¶' À`m hñVmjamMo EH§$Xa diU ‘mhrV AgVmZm "H$'$ hm, {dd{jV ñdmjar "¶' À`m hñVmjamV Amho Aem
àm‘m{UH$ g‘OwVrZo, Vr "¶'À`m hñVmjamV Agë`mMo AmnU g‘OVmo Ago H$WZ H$aVmo `m~m~VrV, "H$'$Mo H$WZ
ho ’$ŠV Ë`mÀ`m g‘OwVrg§~§Yr Amho Am{U Ë`mÀ`m g‘OwVrnwaVoM gË` Amho, Am{U åhUyZ Vr ñdmjar Oar "¶'
À`m hñVmjamVrc Zgcr Varhr, "H$'$Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Zmhr.
(d) gË` H$WZ H$aÊ`mg enWoZo ~Õ AgVmZm d Ë`m{df`r H$mhr ‘m{hVr ZgVmZm "H$'$hm, {d{eï> {Xder "¶' {d{eï>
{R>H$mUr hmoVm ho AmnUm§g ‘mhrV Amho Ago H$WZ H$aVmo. "¶' hm {Z{X©ï> {Xder Am{U Ë`m {R>H$mUr Agmo dm Zgmo-
"H$'$ Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Amho.
(e) AW©{ddaUH$ma qH$dm ^mfm§VaH$ma H$ Á`mMo `WmW© AW©{ddaU qH$dm ^mfm§Va H$aÊ`mg Vmo enWoZo ~Õ Amho Ë`m
H$WZmMo qH$dm XñVEodOmMo Oo AW©{ddaU qH$dm ^mfm§Va Iao ZgyZ Oo Iao Amho Ago Vmo g‘OV Zmhr Vo AW©{ddaU
qH$dm ^mfm§Va `WmVÏ` åhUyZ XoVmo qH$dm à‘m{UV H$aVmo. "H$' Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Amho.
192. ImoQ>m nwamdm aMUo.- Oa H$moUr EImXr {d{eï> n[apñWVr KS>dyZ AmUcr, 1[AJa H$moUË`mhr nwñVH$m‘Üò qH$dm
A{^coImV AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coImV ImoQ>r Zm|X Ho$cr AJa ImoQ>o H$WZ Agcocm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$
A{^coI Ho$cm Amho]> Am{U Ë`m‘mJo Agm n[apñWVr{deof, ImoQ>r Zm|X qH$dm ImoQ>o H$WZ EImÚm Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhr‘Yrc AWdm
EImÚm cmoH$godH$mg‘moa Ë`m ZmË`mZo qH$dm cdmXmg‘moa AmUcoë`m H$m`©dmhrVrc nwamì`m‘Üò `mdo Am{U Agm n[apñWVr {deof,
ImoQ>r Zm|X qH$dm ImoQ>o H$WZ `mà‘mUo nwamì`mV òÊ`m‘wio Ë`m H$m`m©Vrc Á`m ì`ŠVrZo Ë`m nwamì`mdê$Z Amnco ‘V ~Zdmd`mMo
Agoc {Vcm Aem H$m`©dmhrÀ`m {ZH$mcmÀ`m Ñï>rZo ‘hÎdmÀ`m Aem H$moUË`mhr ‘wÚmg§~§Yr EImXo MwH$sMo ‘V ~ZdUo ^mJ nS>mdo
Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va, Ë`mZo ImoQ>m nwamdm aMcm Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ hm "¶' À`m noQ>r‘Üò aËZo R>odVmo, CÔoe hm H$s, Vmo Ë`m noQ>rV gmnS>mdrV, Am{U Ë`m {d{eï> n[apñWVr‘wio
"¶' hm Mmoar~Ôc {gÕXmof R>amdm. "H$'$ Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm aMcocm Amho.
(b) "H$'$ Amnë`m XwH$mZmÀ`m {heo~dhrV ImoQ>r Zm|X H$aVmo, à`moOZ Ago H$s, Ý`m`mc`mV Vr n[anmofH$ nwamdm åhUyZ
dmnaVm `mdr. "H$' Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm aMcocm Amho.
(c) ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q>m~Ôc "¶'Mr Xmof{gÕr KS>dmdr `m CÔoemZo "H$'$hm "¶'À`m hñVmjamMr Z¸$c H$ê$Z, ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ
H$Q>mVrc ghAnamÜ`mg CÔoeyZ {c{hco Agë`mMo {XgUmao Ago EH$ nÌ {c{hVmo, Am{U Vo nÌ nmocrg A{YH$mar
OoWo PS>Vr KoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Amho Ë`m OmJr R>odVmo. "H$'$Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm aMcocm Amho.
193. ImoQ>çm nwamì`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr, Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrÀ`m H$moUË`mhr Q>ßß`mcm CÔoenyd©H$ ImoQ>m nwamdm XoB©c
qH$dm Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrÀ`m H$moUË`mhr Q>ßß`mcm dmnacm Omdm `mgmR>r ImoQ>m nwamdm aMoc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc;
Am{U Omo H$moUr AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ~m~VrV, CÔoenyd©H$ ImoQ>m nwamdm XoB©c qH$dm aMoc Ë`mcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
1. ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ A{Y{Z¶‘, 2000 (gZ 2000 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 21) AÝdò ~XbrXmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambo. (17-10-2000 nmgyZ)
80 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- cîH$ar Ý`m`mc`mnwT>rc 1* * * g§narjm hr Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhr hmo`.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- Ý`m`mc`rZ H$m`©dmhrnydu H$amd`mMo åhUyZ {d{YV: {d{hV Ho$coco AÝdofU ho Oar Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m nwT>o hmoV
Zgco Varhr, Vmo Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrVrc Q>ßnm hmo`.
CXmhaU
"¶' `mg g§narjmW© gwnyX© H$aÊ`mV `mdo qH$dm H$go ho {d{ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r X§S>m{YH$mè`mg‘moa Mmccoë`m Mm¡H$er‘wio
"H$'$ Oo H$WZ ImoQ>o Agë`mMo AmnUmg ‘mhrV Amho Vo enWnyd©H$ H$aVmo. hm Mm¡H$er Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrVrc Q>ßnm Agë`m‘wio
"H$'$Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcm Ago {XgVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 3.-Oo AÝdofU H$aÊ`m{df`r Ý`m`mc`mZo H$m`ÚmZwgma {ZXoe {Xcocm AgyZ Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò
Mmcdco OmB©c Vo Oar Ý`m`mc`mnwT>o hmoV Zgco Varhr, Vmo Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrVrc Q>ßnm hmo`.
CXmhaU
O{‘ZrÀ`m gr‘maofm OmJÀ`m OmJr {d{ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ý`m`mc`mZo à{V{Z`wŠV Ho$coë`m A{YH$mè`mnwT>rc Mm¡H$er‘Üò
"H$' Oo H$WZ ImoQ>o Agë`mMo AmnUm§g ‘mhrV Amho Vo enWnyd©H$ H$aVmo. hr Mm¡H$er Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrVrc Q>ßnm Agë`m‘wio
"H$'Zo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcm Ago hmoVo.
194. XohmÝVX§S> AnamYm~Ôc Xmof{gÕr KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ImoQ>m nwamdm XoUo qH$dm aMUo.- Oa H$moUr ImoQ>m
nwamdm {Xcm qH$dm aMcm Am{U Ë`m`moJo, 2[3[^maVmV]> Ë`m-Ë`m H$mir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m H$m`ÚmZwgma]> Omo AnamY XohmÝVX§S>
Amho Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {gÕXmof R>adÊ`mV `mdo Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m`moJo Ver Xmof{gÕr
hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`mg OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm 4[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
Oa Ë`m`moJo {ZanamY ì`ŠVr {gÕXmof R>acr Am{U ’$mer Jocr Va.- Am{U Oa Aem ImoQ>çm nwamì`m‘wio EImXr
{ZanamY ì`ŠVr {gÕXmof R>acr Am{U ’$mer Jocr Va, Á`m ì`ŠVrZo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcm {Vcm ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm `mV `mnydu dU©Z
Ho$cocr {ejm hmoB©c.
195. AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmof{gÕr KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo ImoQ>m nwamdm XoUo qH$dm aMUo.- Oa H$moUr ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcm qH$dm aMcm Am{U Ë`m`moJo 2[3[^maVmV]> Ë`m-Ë`m H$mir
A§‘cmV Agcoë`m H$m`ÚmZwgma]> Omo AnamY XohmÝVX§S> Zmhr, nU 4[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm gmV df} AJa Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$
‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Amho Aem AnamYm~Ôc H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {gÕXmof R>adÊ`mV `mdo Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe
Agoc qH$dm Ë`m`moJo Ver Xmof{gÕr hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`mg OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm Ë`m
AnamYm~Ôc {gÕXmof R>acocr ì`ŠVr OemàH$mao {ejm hmoÊ`mg nmÌ hmoD$ eHo$c VemàH$mao {ejm hmoB©c.
CXmhaU
"H$'$ Ý`m`mc`mnwT>o ImoQ>m nwamdm XoVmo. CÔoe Agm H$s, Ë`m`moJo "¶' hm XamoS>çm~Ôc {gÕXmof R>amdm. XamoS>çmcm 4[AmOrd
H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm Zo‘cocr
Amho. åhUyZ "H$'$ 4[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm nmÌ Amho.
1. 1889 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 13-H$ 2 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""qH$dm {‘{cQ>ar H$moQ>© Am°’$ [a¹o$ñQ>nwT>rc'' ho eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco.
2. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`mÀ`m qH$dm B§½c§S>À`m H$m`ÚmZwgma'' `mEodOr XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
3. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "amÁò' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
4. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 81
1
[195-A. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm ImoQ>m nwamdm XoÊ`mgmR>r Y‘H$s XoUo qH$dm àd¥Îm H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr, EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm
ImoQ>m nwamdm XoÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m earamg qH$dm cm¡{H$H$mg qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmog hmZr nmohmoMÊ`mMr qH$dm
Ë`m ì`ŠVrMo {OÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~§Y AmhoV, Aem ì`ŠVrÀ`m earamg qH$dm cm¡{H$H$mg hmZr nmohmoMÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoB©c {Vcm
H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmMr gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhrhr {ejm hmoVrc.
Am{U Oa, Aem ImoQ>çm nwamì`mÀ`m n[aUm‘r {ZanamY ì`ŠVrcm Xmofr R>a{dÊ`mV Amco Am{U {Vcm ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm gmV
dfmªnojm OmñV H$mcmdYrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm Pmcr Va, Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Y‘H$s {Xcr Agoc {Vcm Aem {ZanamY ì`ŠVrcm
Pmcr Agoc {VM {ejm Ë`mM [aVrZo Ë`mM ì`márZo XoÊ`mV òB©c.]
196. ImoQ>m Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Agcocm nwamdm dmnaUo.- Oa H$moUr Omo ImoQ>m qH$dm aMcocm Agë`mMo ñdV:g ‘mhrV
Amho Agm H$moUVmhr nwamdm Iam qH$dm Añgc nwamdm åhUyZ ^«ï>Vmnyd©H$ dmnacm qH$dm dmnaÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Va Ë`mcm, OUy
H$mhr Ë`mZoM ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm qH$dm aMcocm Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM arVrZo {ejm hmoB©c.
197. ImoQ>o à‘mUnÌ XoUo qH$dm ñdmj[aV H$aUo.- Oo à‘mUnÌ XoUo qH$dm ñdmj[aV H$aUo {d{YV: Amdí`H$ Amho AWdm
Oo EImÚm VÏ`m~Ôc nwamdm åhUyZ ñdrH$m`© Agë`mZo Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§{YV Amho Ago H$moUVohr à‘mUnÌ, Vo EImÚm ‘hÎdmÀ`m
‘wÚm~m~V ImoQ>o Amho ho ñdV: cm ‘mhrV AgVmZm qH$dm Vgo ñdV: g‘O AgVmZm, Omo H$moUr XoB©c qH$dm ñdmj[aV H$arc
Ë`mcm, OUy H$mhr Ë`mZo ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM [aVrZo {ejm hmoB©c.
198. ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Agcoco à‘mUnÌ Iao åhUyZ dmnaUo. - Ago H$moUVohr à‘mUnÌ, Vo EImÚm ‘hÎdmÀ`m
‘wÚm~m~V ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm Iao à‘mUnÌ åhUyZ Omo H$moUr ^«ï>Vmnyd©H$ dmnarc qH§$dm dmnaÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc
Ë`mcm, OUy H$mhr Ë`mZoM ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM [aVrZo {ejm hmoB©c.
199. Oo A{YH$WZ {d{YV: nwamdm åhUyZ ñdrH$m`© Amho Ë`mV Ho$coco ImoQ>o H$WZ.- Oo A{YH$WZ H$moUË`mhr VÏ`mMm
nwamdm åhUyZ ñdrH$maÊ`mg {d{YV: H$moUVohr Ý`m`mc` qH$dm H$moUrhr cmoH$godH$ qH$dm H$moUrhr ì`ŠVr ~Õ qH$dm àm{YH¥$V
Agoc Ago H$moUVohr A{YH$WZ H$ê$Z qH$dm ñdmjarV H$ê$Z Oa H$moUr, Á`mgmR>r Vo A{YH$WZ H$aÊ`mg qH$dm dmnaÊ`mV Amco
Ë`m C{Ôï>mÀ`m Ñï>rZo EImÚm ‘hÎdmÀ`m ‘wÚm~m~V Oo ImoQ>o Amho AWdm Oo ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo ñdV:
g‘OVmo qH$dm Oo Iao Amho Ago ñdV: g‘OV Zmhr Ago H$moUVohr H$WZ Ë`mV Ho$co Va Ë`mcm, OUy H$mhr Ë`mZo ImoQ>m nwamdm
{Xcocm Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM [aVrZo {ejm hmoB©c.
200. Ago A{YH$WZ ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm Vo Iao åhUyZ dmnaUo.- Omo H$moUr Ago H$moUVohr A{YH$WZ
EImÚm ‘hÎdmÀ`m ‘wÚm~m~V ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm Vo Iao åhUyZ ^«ï>Vmnyd©H$ dmnarc qH$dm dmnaÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc
Ë`mcm, OUy H$mhr Ë`mZoM ImoQ>m nwamdm {Xcocm Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mM [aVrZo {ejm hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU :- Ho$di H$mhr CnMmamMr CUrd Agë`mÀ`m H$maUmdê$Z Oo AñdrH$m`© AgVo Vo A{YH$WZ H$c‘o 199 d
200 `m§À`m AWm©Zwgma A{^H$WZ Amho.
201. AnamÜ`mcm dmMdÊ`mgmR>r AnamYmMm nwamdm Zmhrgm hmoÊ`mMr VOdrO H$aUo {H$dm ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoUo.- Omo
H$moUr AnamY KS>cm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ AnamÜ`mcm d¡Y {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo, Vmo AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amë`mMm H$moUVmhr nwamdm Zmhrgm hmoÊ`mMr VOdrO H$arc AWdm Ë`m CÔoemZo, Or ImoQ>r
Agë`mMo ñdV:g ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo ñdV: g‘OVmo Aer Ë`m AnamYm{df`r ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoB©c Ë`mcm,
AnamY XohmÝVX§S> Agë`mg.- Omo AnamY KS>ë`mMo Ë`mg ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo Vmo g‘OVmo Vmo AnamY ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m
{ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U
Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
1. gZ 2006 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.2 AÝd¶o 195-A ho H$b‘ g‘m{dï> H$aÊ¶mV Ambo. (16-4-2006 nmgyZ A‘bmV.)
^mX§g-6
82 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg.- Am{U AnamY Oa 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> {ejog qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmg nmÌ Agoc Va, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
Xhm dfmªhÿZ H$‘r H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg.- Am{U AnamY Oa Xhm dfmªn`ªV Zgcoë`m BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m {ejoÀ`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m EH$-MVwWmªemn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaU
"I' Zo "¶'Mm IyZ Ho$cm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ "I'cm {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' hm "I'cm Vmo ‘¥VXoh
cndÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r ‘XV H$aVmo. "H$' gmV df} ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmg Am{U Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ Amho.
202. AnamYmMr ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miUo.- AnamY KS>cm
Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ, Omo H$moUr Ë`m AnamYm{df`r Or ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg Vmo {d{YV: ~Õ Amho
Aer H$moUVrhr ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>mirc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hZon`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
203. KS>coë`m AnamYm~m~V ImoQ>r ‘m{hVr XoUo.- AnamY KS>cm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ, qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU
AgyZ, Omo H$moUr Ë`m AnamYm{df`r Or ‘m{hVr ImoQ>r Agë`mMo Ë`mcm ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo Vmo g‘OVmo Aer H$moUVrhr
‘m{hVr XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
2
[ñnï>rH$aU- H$c‘o 201 d 202 Am{U ho H$c‘ `m§‘Yrc AnamY `m eãXm‘Üò, 3[^maVm~mhoarc]> H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUr
H$aÊ`mV Amcocr Or H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr 3[^maVmV]> Ho$cr Va nwT>rcn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$c‘mImcr {ejog nmÌ R>ê$ eHo$c, Ë`m
H¥$VrMm g‘mdoe Amho Vr H$c‘o Aer-
302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458,
459 Am{U 460.]>
204. H$moUVmhr XñVEodO nwamdm åhUyZ hOa Ho$cm OmD$ Zò `mgmR>r Vmo Zï> H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr Ý`m`mc`mV, qH$dm
cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ EImÚmg‘moa H$m`XoeranUo Mmccoë`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`©dmhrV Omo H$moUVmhr XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>©
nwamdm åhUyZ hOa H$aUo ñdV:cm H$m`XoeranUo ^mJ Agoc Vmo XñVEodO nydm}ŠVmà‘mUo Aem Ý`m`mc`mg‘moa qH$dm cmoH$godH$mg‘moa
AWdm Ë`m à`moOZmgmR>r ñdV:cm H$m`XoeranUo g‘Ýg nmR>dÊ`mV òB©c Voìhm qH$dm Vmo hOa H$aÊ`mg ’$‘m©dÊ`mV òB©c Voìhm
nwamdm åhUyZ hOa Ho$cm OmD$ Zò qH$dm dmnacm OmD$ Zò `m CÔoemZo, Agm XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© g§nyU©V: qH$dm
Ë`mMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ {XgoZmgm H$arc qH$dm Xwdm©À` H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
205. Xmì`mVrc qH$dm IQ>ë`mVrc H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrÀ`m qH$dm H$m‘H$mOmÀ`m à`moOZmW© VmoVò{Jar H$aUo.- Omo
H$moUr H$moUË`mhr Xmì`mV qH$dm ’$m¡OXmar IQ>ë`mV Xwgè`mMr ~VmdUr H$ê$Z VmoVò{Jar H$arc, Am{U Aem ~ZmdQ> ^y{‘Ho$V
2. 1894 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 6 Ûmao â KmcÊ`mV Amcr.
3. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e
B§{S>`m'' `mEodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 83
H$moUVrhr H$~wcr XoB©c qH$dm H$WZ H$arc, AWdm Ý`m`{ZU©`mg H$~wcrO~m~ XoB©c, AWdm H$moUVrhr AmXo{eH$m H$mT>drc,
AWdm Om‘rZXma ~Zoc AJa Om‘rZ amhrc, AWdm AÝ` H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
206. g‘nöV åhUyZ qH$dm hþH$y ‘Zmå`mMr A§‘c~OmdUr åhUyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMo A{^J«hU hmoD$ Zò `mgmR>r Vr H$nQ>rnUmZo
hcdUo qH$dm cndUo.- Oa H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm hcdcr, cndcr AJa Vr qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc {hVg§~§Y `m§Mo
hñVm§VaU Ho$co qH$dm gwnyX©Jr Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m`moJo Vr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc {hVg§~§Y Ý`m`mc` qH$dm AÝ` gj‘ àm{YH$mar
`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z Omo A{YKmo{fV H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho qH$dm A{YKmo{fV hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd Amho Aem EImÚm
Ý`m`{ZU©`mAÝdò g‘nöV åhUyZ qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr nyVu H$aÊ`mgmR>r KoVco OmD$ Zò AWdm EImÚm {XdmUr Xmì`mV EImÚm
Ý`m`mc`mH$Sy>Z Omo H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm Amho qH$dm H$mT>cm OmUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd Amho Aem hþHy$‘Zmå`mÀ`m
qH$dm AmXoemÀ`m A§‘c~OmdUrV KoVco OmD$ Zò Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
207. g‘nöV åhUyZ qH$dm hþHy$‘Zmå`mMr A§‘c~OmdUr åhUyZ ‘mc‘ÎmoMo A{^J«hU hmoD$ Zò `mgmR>r H$nQ>rnUmZo
{VÀ`m da Xmdm gm§JUo.- Oa H$moUr EImÚm ‘mc‘Îmoda qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc {hVg§~§Ymda Amncm h¸$ qH$dm gm{YH$ma ‘mJUrh¸$
Zmhr ho ‘mhrV AgyZ H$nQ>rnUmZo Vo ñdrH$maoc, KoVco qH$dm Ë`mda Xmdm gm§{JVcm AWdm H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc
{hVg§~§Y `mdarc h¸$mg§~§Yr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao ’$gdUyH$ Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m`moJo Vr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc {hVg§~§Y Ý`m`mc`
qH$dm AÝ` gj‘ àm{YH$mar `mÀ`mH$Sy>Z Omo A{YKmo{fV Pmcm Amho, qH$dm A{YKmo{fV hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr ñdV:cm
OmUrd Amho Aem EImÚm Ý`m`{ZU©`mAÝdò g‘nöV åhUyZ qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr nyVu H$aÊ`mgmR>r KoVco OmD$ Zò AWdm EImÚm
{XdmUr Xmì`mV EImÚm Ý`m`mc`mH$Sy>Z Omo H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm Amho qH$dm H$mT>cm OmUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd Amho
Aem hþHy$‘Zmå`mÀ`m qH$dm AmXoemÀ`m A§‘c~OmdUrV KoVco OmD$ Zò Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va, Ë`mcm XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
208. Xo` Zgcoë`m aH$‘ogmR>r H$nQ>rnUmZo hþHy$‘Zm‘m hmoD$ XoUo.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m Xmì`m‘Üò Omo H$moUr Aem
ì`ŠVrcm Xo` Zgcoë`m aH$‘ogmR>r qH$dm Aem ì`ŠVrcm Xo` Agcoë`mhÿZ A{YH$ aH$‘ogmR>r, AWdm Á`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘Îmocm
qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc Á`m {hVg§~§Ymcm Aer ì`ŠVr h¸$Xma Zmhr Ë`mgmR>r ñdV:{déÕ H$nQ>rnUmZo EImXm hþHy$‘Zm‘m qH$dm AmXoe
H$adrc qH$dm hmoD$ XoB©c, AWdm EImÚm hþHy$‘Zmå`mMr qH$dm AmXoemMr nyVu H$aÊ`mV Amë`mZ§Va qH$dm Á`m g§~§YmV Ë`mMr nyVu
H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho Ë`m Jmoï>r~m~V ñdV:{déÕ H$nQ>rnUmZo Ë`m hþHy$‘Zmå`mMr qH$dm AmXoemMr A§‘c~OmdUr H$aoc qH$dm hmoD$
XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaU
"H$'$ hm "¶' {déÕ Xmdm cmdVmo. "H$'$ Amnë`m{déÕ hþHy$‘Zm‘m {‘idÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "¶'
ñdV:{déÕ Á`mcm Ý`mæ` ‘mJUr h¸$ Zmhr Aem "I'À`m Xmì`mV H$nQ>rnUmZo Amnë`m{déÕ A{YH$ ‘moR>çm aH$‘oMm Ý`m`{ZU©`
hmoD$ XoVmo, OoUoH$ê$Z "H$'$À`m hþHy$‘Zmå`mAÝdò "¶'À`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Or {dH«$s hmoB©c {VÀ`mnmgyZÀ`m {‘iUmè`m CËnÞmV
"I'cm ñdV:H$aVm qH$dm "¶'À`m ’$m`ÚmgmR>r {hñgm KoVm `mdm. "¶'Zo `m H$c‘mImcr AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
209. Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Ý`m`mc`mV ImoQ>m ‘mJUrh¸$ gm§JUo.- EImXm ‘mJUr h¸$ ImoQ>m Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV
AgyZ Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo AWdm EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ìmg XoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
Ý`m`mc`m‘Üò Vmo h¸$ gm§Joc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
84 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
210. Xo` Zgcoë`m aH$‘ogmR>r H$nQ>rnUmZo hþHy$‘Zm‘m {‘i{dUo.- Omo H$moUr Xo` Zgcoë`m aH$‘ogmR>r qH$dm Xo`
Agcoë`mhÿZ A{YH$ aH$‘ogmR>r, AWdm Á`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘Îmocm qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc {hVg§~§Ymcm AmnU h¸$Xma Zmhr Ë`mgmR>r
EImÚm ì`ŠVr{déÕ H$nQ>rnUmZo EImXm hþHy$‘Zm‘m qH$dm AmXoe {‘idrc, AWdm EImÚm hþHy$‘Zmå`mMr qH$dm AmXoemMr nyVu
H$aÊ`mV Amë`mZ§Va qH$dm Á`mg§~§YmV Ë`mMr nyVu H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho Ë`m Jmoï>r~m~V EImÚm ì`ŠVr{déÕ H$nQ>rnUmZo Ë`m
hþHy$‘Zmå`mMr qH$dm AmXoemMr A§‘c~OmdUr H$adrc qH$dm hmoD$ XoB©c, AWdm H$nQ>rnUmZo ñdV:À`m Zmdmda Aer H$moUVrhr
H¥$Vr hmoD$ XoB©c qH$dm Ë`mg nadmZJr XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
211. jVr nmohMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AnamYmMm ImoQ>m Xmofmamon H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr, EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmohMdÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo, Ë`m ì`ŠVr{déÕ ’$m¡OXmar H$m`©dmhr H$aÊ`mg AJa Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo AnamY Ho$cocm Amho Agm Xmofmamon H$aÊ`mg Ý`mæ`
qH$dm H$m`Xoera AmYmaH$maU Zmhr ho ‘mhrV AgyZ Ë`m ì`ŠVr{déÕ Aer H$moUVrhr H$m`©dmhr gwê$ H$arc qH$dm gwê$ H$adrc,
AWdm Ë`m ì`ŠVrda Agm ImoQ>m Xmofmamon H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
Am{U Oa ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm gmV df} AJa Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Aem
AnamYmÀ`m ImoQ>çm Xmofmamonmdê$Z Aer ’$m¡OXmar H$m`©dmhr gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amcr, Va Ë`mcm gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmMm H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ Amho.
212. AnamÜ`mcm Amgam XoUo- Ooìhm-Ho$ìhm EImXm AnamY KS>cm Agoc Voìhm, EImXr ì`ŠVr AnamYr Amho ho
ñdV:cm ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ {Vcm d¡Y {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mgmR>r Omo H$moUr {Vcm Amgam XoB©c
qH$dm cn{dc Ë`mcm,
AnamY XohmÝV X§S> Agë`mg- Oa Vmo AnamY ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg.- Am{U Oa Vmo AnamY 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>
qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c,
Am{U Oa Vmo AnamY EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c nU Xhm dfmªn`ªV Zìho BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`m
AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m§n¡H$s gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m EH$MVwWmªemn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
2
[`m H$c‘m‘Üò AnamY `m eãXmV 3[^maVm~mhoarc]> H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUr H$aÊ`mV Amcocr Or H¥$Vr 3[^maVmV]> Ho$cr Va,
nwT>rcn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$c‘mImcr {ejog nmÌ R>ê$ eHo$c {VMm g‘mdoe Amho, Vr H$c‘o Aer-302, 304, 382, 392, 393,
394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459, d 460; Am{U Aer àËòH$ H¥$Vr
OUy H$mhr Amamonr ì`ŠVrZo Vr H¥$Vr 3[^maVmV] Ho$ë`m~Ôc Vmo Xmofr Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo {ejog nmÌ, Amho Ago `m H$c‘mÀ`m
à`moOZmW© ‘mZco OmB©c.]>
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar,
1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
3. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m''
`mEodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 85
AndmX- Á`m àH$aUmV AnamYr ì`ŠVrcm {VMm nVr qH$dm nËZr `m§Zr Amgam {Xcocm Agoc qH$dm cndco Agoc Aem
H$moUË`mhr àH$aUmV hm Cn~§Y cmJy hmoUma Zmhr.
CXmhaU
"I'Zo XamoS>m KmVcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ, "H$' hm "I' cm d¡Y {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mgmR>r OmUrdnyd©H$ Ë`mcm cndVmo.
`m~m~VrV "I' 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>{ejog nmÌ Agë`mZo "H$' OmñVrV OmñV VrZ df} BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmg nmÌ Amho Am{U Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ Amho.
213. AnamÜ`mcm {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mgmR>r XoUJr KoUo, B.- AnamY KS>ë`mMo AmnU cndyZ R>ody qH$dm EImÚm
ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr AnamYm~ÔcÀ`m d¡Y {ejonmgyZ AmnU dmMdy qH$dm {Vcm d¡Y {ejm KS>dÊ`mgmR>r {VÀ`m{déÕ H$amd`mMr
H$m`©dmhr AmnU H$aUma Zmhr `m à{V’$cmXmIc Omo H$moUr ñdV:H$aVm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$[aVm H$moUVohr n[aVmofU
ñdrH$marc qH$dm {‘idÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc, qH$dm ñdrH$maÊ`mMo H$~yc H$arc AWdm ñdV:cm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm
H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm naV {‘idyZ KoB©c Ë`mcm;
AnamY XohmÝVX§S> Agë`mg- Oa AnamY ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg; - Am{U Oa AnamY 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> qH$dm
Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
Am{U Oa AnamY Xhm dfmªn`ªV Zgcoë`m BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, `m AnamYmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m EH$-MVwWmªemn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV
Ho$coë`m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
214. AnamÜ`mcm {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m à{V’$cmXmIc XoUJr XoD$ H$aUo qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aUo.- EImÚm
ì`ŠVrZo AnamY KS>ë`mMo cndyZ R>odmd`mMo qH$dm {VZo AmnUmg d¡Y {ejonmgyZ dmMdmd`mMo qH$dm AmnUmg d¡Y {ejm
KS>dÊ`mgmR>r AmnUm§{déÕ H$amd`mMr H$m`©dmhr {VZo H$amd`mMr Zmhr `m à{V’$cmXmIc Omo H$moUr Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm H$moUVohr
n[aVmofU XoB©c AJa Xoddrc AWdm XoÊ`mMr qH$dm XoddÊ`mMr V`mar Xe©drc qH$dm Vgo H$~yc H$arc AWdm H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrcm H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm 2[naV H$arc qH$dm naV H$adrc]> Ë`mcm,
AnamY XohmÝVX§S> Agë`mg- Oa AnamY ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejocm nmÌ Agoc Va, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg- Am{U Oa AnamY 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> qH$dm
Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
Am{U Oa AnamY Xhm dfmªn`ªV Zgcoë`m BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, `m AnamYmgmR>r
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar,
2. 1953 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 42 H$c‘ 4 d 3 Mr AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""naV H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm naV H$adÊ`mMr V`mar Xe©drc qH$dm Vgo H$~wc
H$arc'' `mEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
86 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m EH$-MVwWmªemn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV
Ho$coë`m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1
[AndmX.- Á`m H$moUË`mhr ~m~VrV AnamY H$m`XoeranUo AmngmV {‘Q>dVm òVmo Ë`m ~m~VrV, 213 d 214 `m
H$c‘m§Mo Cn~§Y cmJy hmoV ZmhrV.]>
215. Mmoarcm Jococr ‘mc‘Îmm naV {‘iÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r ‘XV H$aÊ`m~Ôc XoUJr KoUo, B.- `m g§{hVoImcr {ejmnmÌ
Agcoë`m EImÚm AnamYm‘wio Á`m H$moUË`mhr O§J‘ ‘mc‘ÎmonmgyZ EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm d§{MV ìhmdo cmJco Vr naV {‘idÊ`mÀ`m
H$m‘r {Vcm ‘XV H$aÊ`mMo {Z{‘Îm H$ê$Z qH$dm ‘XV H$aÊ`mImVa Omo H$moUr H$moUVohr n[aVmofU KoB©c, KoÊ`mMo H$~yc H$arc
qH$dm Ë`mg g§‘Vr XoB©c Ë`mcm, Ë`mZo AnamYr {Ja’$Xma hmoD$Z AnamYm~Ôc {gÕXmof R>amdm `mgmR>r Amnë`m eŠVrZwgma gd©
gmYZm§Mm Adc§~ Ho$cm Zmhr Va, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
2
***
216. hdmcVrVyZ nimcoë`m qH$dm Á`mÀ`m {Ja’$XmarMm AmXoe XoÊ`mV Amcm Amho Aem AnamÜ`mcm Amgam XoUo.-
Ooìhm-Ho$ìhm EImÚm AnamYm~Ôc {gÕXmof R>acocr qH$dm Ë`mMm Xmofmamon Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc H$m`Xoera
hdmcVrV AgVm Aem hdmcVrVyZ niyZ Jocr Agoc, qHo$dm O|ìhmH|$ìhm EImÚm cmoH$godH$mZo Aem cmoH$godH$mÀ`m H$m`Xoera
A{YH$mam§Mm dmna H$ê$Z, EImÚm AnamYm~Ôc EImÚm {dd{jV ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe {Xcm Agoc Voìhm, Aem
ncm`ZmMr qH$dm {Ja’$XmarÀ`m AmXoemMr ‘m{hVr AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vr ì`ŠVr {Ja’$Xma hmoD$ Zò `m CÔoemZo {Vcm Amgam XoB©c
qH$dm cndrc Ë`mcm nwT>rcàH$mao {ejm hmoB©c, åhUOo-
AnamY Xohm§VX§S> Agë`mg- Á`m AnamYm~Ôc Vr ì`ŠVr hdmcVrV hmoVr qH$dm {Vcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe XoÊ`mV
Amcm Vmo AnamY ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
AnamY AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m, qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agë`mg.- AnamY 3[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> qH$dm
Xhm dfmªÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm hmoB©c;
Am{U AnamY EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c nU Xhm dfmªn`ªV Zìho BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`m
AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m gdm©{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejoÀ`m EH$-MVwWmªemBVH$s Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV
Ho$coë`m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XomÝhr {ejm hmoVrc,
4
[`m H$c‘m‘Yrc AnamY `m eãXmV, Or H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr qH$dm AH¥$Vr 5[^maVm~mhoa]> Ho$ë`m~Ôc EImXr ì`ŠVr Xmofr
Agë`mMo A{^H$WZ H$aÊ`mV Amco AgyZ Vr 5[^maVmV]> Ho$cr AgVr Va, Vr AnamY åhUyZ {ejmnmÌ hmoÊ`mgmaIr Agoc Va
Am{U Á`mgmR>r àË`mn©Umg§~§YrÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmImcr 6* * * qH$dm Eaìhr Vr ì`ŠVr Ë`m~Ôc 5[^maVmV]> {Ja’$Xma
hmoÊ`mg qH$dm hdmcVrV ñWmZ~Õ hmoÊ`mg nmÌ Agoc Va, Aer H¥$Vr qH$dm AH¥$VrXoIrc g‘m{dï> Amho; Am{U Aer àËòH$
1. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 6 Ûmao ‘yi AndmXmEodOr ho XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
2. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10-H$c‘ 2 d 1 Mr AZwgyMr `mÛmao CXmhaUo {Za{gV H$aÊ`mV Amcr.
3. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr
d VoìhmnmgyZ).
4.. 1886 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10-H$c‘ 23 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
5. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m'' `mEodOr darc
eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho.
6. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao qH$dm ncm{`V AnamYr A{Y{Z`‘, 1981 `mImcr hm ‘OHy$a dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 87
H¥$Vr {H$dm AH¥$Vr `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmW© Amamonr ì`ŠVr OUy H$mhr Vr 1[^maVmV]> Ho$ë`m~Ôc Xmofr Agmdr Ë`mà‘mUo {ejog
nmÌ Agë`mMo ‘mZÊ`mV òB©c.]>
AndmX- Á`m ~m~VrV {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mÀ`m ì`ŠVrMm nVr qH$dm nËZr `m§Zr Amgam {Xcocm Agoc qH$dm cndcoco Agoc
Ë`m ~m~VrV, hm Cn~§Y cmJy hmoV ZmhrV.
2
[216-A$. cwQ>mê$ qH$dm XamoS>oImoa `m§Zm Amgam {Xë`m~Ôc X§S>. - H$mhr ì`ŠVr O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm XadS>m
KmcÊ`mÀ`m ~oVmV AmhoV AWdm Ë`m§Zr AcrH$S>oM O~ar Mmoar Ho$cocr Amho qH$dm XamoS>m KmVcocm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm
g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ Omo H$moUr Aer O~ar Mmoar H$aUo qH$dm XamoS>m KmcUo gwH$a H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm Ë`m§Zm qH$dm Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s
H$moUmcmhr d¡Y {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ë`m§Zm qH$dm Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s H$moUmcmhr Amgam XoB©c Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU- `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmW©, O~ar Mmoar qH$dm XamoS>m 1[^maVmV]> H$s, 1[^maVm~mhoa]> KS>cm qH$dm KS>dÊ`mMm
CÔoe hmoVm hm ‘wÔm Jm¡U Amho.
AndmX- `m ~m~VrV AnamYr ì`ŠVrMm nVr qH$dm nËZr `m§Zr Amgam {Xcm Agoc Ë`m~m~VrV, hm Cn~§Y cmJy hmoV
Zmhr.Q>
3
[216-B. [ H$c‘o 212, 216 Am{U]> 216-H$ `m‘Yrc Amgam XoUo `mMr ì`m»`m.]> ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm ({demoYZ)
A{Y{Z`‘, 1942 (1942 Mm 8) H$c‘ 3 Ûmao {Za{gV.]>
217. ì`ŠVrcm {ejonmgyZ qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmocm g‘nhaUmnmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$godH$mZo H$m`ÚmÀ`m {ZX}emMr
Adkm H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ H$go dVm©do `m{df`r H$m`ÚmZo {Xcoë`m {ZX}emMr Ë`mZo
OmUrdnyd©H$ Adkm Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m`moJo EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm d¡Ú {ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m`moJo Vr
dmMÊ`mg qH$dm Vr ì`ŠVr Á`m {ejocm nmÌ Agoc Ë`m {ejohÿZ H$‘r {ejog Vr nmÌ R>aÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoD$ Aer Ë`mg
OmUrd Agoc AWdm EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm {d{YV: Á`mg Xm`r Agoc Ë`m g‘nhaUmnmgyZ qH$dm AÝ` à^mamnmgyZ Vr dmMdÊ`mMm
Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m`moJo Vr dmMÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoD$ `mMr Ë`mg OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
218. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm {ejonmgyZ qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmocm g‘nhaUmnmgyZ dmMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo cmoH$ godH$mZo MwH$sÀ`m
A{^coImMr qH$dm coImMr ‘m§S>Ur H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ Am{U Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ EImXm A{^coI qH$dm
AÝ` coI V`ma H$aÊ`mMr Ë`mÀ`mda O~m~Xmar AgyZ, Or arV MwH$sMr Agë`mMo ñdV:g ‘mhrV Amho Ë`m [aVrZo Ë`mZo Ë`m
A{^coImMr qH$dm coImMr ‘m§S>Ur Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m`moJo cmoH$m§Zm qH$dm EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm hmZr qH$dm jVr nmoMdÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe
Agoc AJa Vr nmoMÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoUo g§^dZr` Aer Ë`mg OmUrd Agoc Va, AWdm Ë`m`moJo EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm d¡Y
{ejonmgyZ dmMdÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va AJa Vr dmMÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd
à^mamnmgyZ Vr dmMdÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Vr dmMÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoUo g§^dZr` Aer Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd
Agoc Va, Ë`mcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
2. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m''
`mEodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. ho H$c‘ 1894 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 35 H$c‘ 8 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo.
88 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
219. Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrV cmoH$godH$mZo ^«ï>Vmnyd©H$ ~oH$m`Xm Ahdmc XoUo, B.- cmoH$godH$ AgyZ Omo H$moUr Ý`m{`H$
H$m`©dmhrÀ`m H$moUË`mhr Q>ßß`mcm ~oH$m`Xm Agë`mMo ñdV:g ‘mhrV Amho Agm H$moUVmhr Ahdmc, AmXoe, A{Y{ZU©` qH$dm
{ZU©` ^«ï>Vmnyd©H$ qH$dm Xw^m©dnyd©H$ H$arc qH$dm A{YKmo{fV H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
220. àm{YH$ma Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo AmnU ~oH$m`Xm dmJV Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm g§narjogmR>r gwnyX© H$aUo qH$dm
~§{XdmgmV nmR>dUo.- Á`m‘wio ì`ŠVtZm g§narjogmR>r qH$dm ~§{XdmgmV nmR>dÊ`mMm AJa ì`ŠVt§Zm ~§{XdmgmV R>odÊ`mMm d¡Y
àm{YH$ma ñdV:cm {‘iVmo Ë`m nXmda AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Ë`m àm{YH$mamMm dmna H$ê$Z ^«ï>Vmnyd©H$ qH$dm Xw^m©dnyd©H$ EImÚm
ì`ŠVrcm g§narjogmR>r qH$dm ~§{XdmgmV nmR>drc, qH$dm EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm ~§{XdmgmV R>odrc, Am{U Ago H$aVmZm AmnU
~oH$m`Xm dmJV AmhmoV `mMr Ë`mg OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
221. {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mg ~Õ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mZo {Ja’$Xmar H$aÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$
AgyZ, EImÚm AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Agcoë`m qH$dm Ë`m~Ôc {Ja’$Xma hmoÊ`mg nmÌ Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mg
qH$dm ~§{XdmgmV R>odÊ`mg Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Vmo {d{YV: ~Õ AgVmZm, Aem ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$
Q>mirc AJa CÔoenyd©H$ Aem ì`ŠVrcm niyZ OmD$ XoB©c AJa CÔoenyd©H$ Aem ì`ŠVrcm ~§{XdmgmVyZ niyZ OmÊ`mMm à`ËZ
H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r ‘XV H$arc Ë`mcm, nwT>rcà‘mUo {ejm hmoB©c, åhUOo-
Oa ~§{XdmgmVrc ì`ŠVrda qH$dm {Ocm {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo Aem ì`ŠVrda ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m
AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Agoc qH$dm Vem AnamYm~Ôc {Ja’$Xma hmoÊ`mg Vr nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm, hmoB©c; qH$dm
Oa ~§{XdmgmVrc ì`ŠVrda qH$dm {Ocm {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo Aem ì`ŠVrda 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> qH$dm Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$madmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Agoc qH$dm Vem AnamYm~Ôc
{Ja’$Xma hmoÊ`mg Vr nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`mcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
{ejm Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm hmoB©c; qH$dm
Oa ~§{XdmgmVrc ì`ŠVrda qH$dm {Ocm {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo Aem ì`ŠVrda Xhm dfmªnojm H$‘r ‘wXVrÀ`m
H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoë`m AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Agoc qH$dm Vem AnamYm~Ôc {Ja’$Xma hmoÊ`mg Vr nmÌ Agoc Va,
Ë`mcm XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm, Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm hmoB©c.
222. {ejmXoemYrZ Agcoë`m qH$dm H$m`XoeranUo hdmcVrV nmR>dcoë`m ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mg ~Õ Agcoë`m
cmoH$godH$mZo {Ja’$Xmar H$aÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>miUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ, EImÚm AnamYm~Ôc Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m
{ejmXoemg AYrZ Agcoë`m 2[qH$dm H$m`XoeranUo hdmcVrV nmR>dcoë`m]> EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mg qH$dm ~§{XdmgmV
R>odÊ`mg Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Vmo {d{YV: ~Õ AgVmZm, Aem ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ Q>mirc, AJa
CÔoenyd©H$ Aem ì`ŠVrcm niyZ OmD$ XoB©c, AJa CÔoenyd©H$ Aem ì`ŠVrcm ~§{XdmgmVyZ niyZ OmÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm niyZ
OmÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r ‘XV H$arc Ë`mcm nwT>rcà‘mUo {ejm hmoB©c, åhUOo :-
Oa ~§{XdmgmVrc ì`ŠVr qH$dm {Ocm {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo Aer ì`ŠVr ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejmXoemg AYrZ Agoc Va,
Ë`m cmoH$godH$mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Mm¡Xm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm, hmoB©c qH$dm
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
2. 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 27-H$c‘ 8 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 89
Oa ~§{XdmgmVrc ì`ŠVr qH$dm {Ocm {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo Aer ì`ŠVr Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m {ejmXoemZwgma, qH$dm Aem
{ejoÀ`m n[adV©Zm‘wio 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmg]> 2* ** 3* * * 4* * * 5* * * qH$dm Xhm df} AJa Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m
H$mamdmgmg nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`m cmoH$godH$mcm gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm Ðì`X§S>mg{hV qH$dm Ë`m{dZm, hmoB©c qH$dm
Oa ~§{XdmgmVrc ì`ŠVr qH$dm {Ocm {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo Aer ì`ŠVr Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m {ejmXoemZwgma Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Zgcoë`m BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmg AYrZ Agoc 6[qH$dm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm H$m`XoeranUo hdmcVrV nmR>dÊ`mV Amco
Agoc]> Va, Ë`m cmoH$godH$mcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm
223. cmoH$godH$mZo h`J`rZo ~§{XdmgmVyZ qH$dm hdmcVrVyZ niyZ OmD$ XoUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ, EImÚm
AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Agcoë`m qH$dm Ë`m~Ôc {gÕXmof R>acoë`m 6[qH$dm H$m`XoeranUo hdmcVrV nmR>dÊ`mV Amcoë`m]> EImÚm
ì`ŠVrcm ~§{XdmgmV R>odÊ`mg Vmo Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ {d{YV: ~Õ AgVmZm h`J`rZo Aem ì`ŠVrcm ~§{XdmgmVyZ niyZ
OmD$ XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
224. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo Amnë`m H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmarcm à{VH$ma qH$dm AQ>H$md H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr ñdV:da Á`m
AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Amho qH$dm Á`m~Ôc ñdV: {gÕXmof R>acm Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr AnamYm~Ôc Amncr H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmar
hmoÊ`mg CÔoenyd©H$ H$moUË`mhr àH$mao à{VH$ma H$arc qH$dm Ad¡Y AQ>H$md H$arc, AWdm Aem EImÚm AnamYm~Ôc AmnUmg
H$m`XoeranUo OoWo ñWmZ~Õ H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr hdmcVrVyZ niyZ OmB©c qH$dm niyZ OmÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc
Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
ñnï>rH$aU- `m H$c‘mVrc {ejm hr {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mMr qH$dm hdmcVrV ñWmZ~Õ Ho$cocr ì`ŠVr Á`m AnamYmMm
{VÀ`mda Xmofmamon hmoVm qH$dm Á`m~Ôc Vr {gÕXmof R>acr Ë`m AnamYm~Ôc Á`m {ejocm nmÌ Agoc {VÀ`m ì`{V[aŠV Zo‘cocr
Amho.
225. Xwgè`m ì`ŠVtÀ`m H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmarcm à{VH$ma qH$dm AQ>H$md H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr Bg‘ EImÚm AnamYm~Ôc
AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVtMr H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmar hmoÊ`mg CÔoenyd©H$ à{VH$ma qH$dm Ad¡Y AQ>H$md H$arc, AWdm EImÚm
AnamYm~Ôc AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm OoWo H$m`XoeranUo ñWmZ~Õ H$aÊ`mV Amco Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVtMr hdmcVrVyZ
Ad¡YnUo gwQ>H$m H$arc qH$dm gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`m Bg‘mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
qH$dm, Oa {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mÀ`m ì`ŠVrda AWdm {OMr Ad¡YnUo gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mV Amcr qH$dm gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ
H$aÊ`mV Amcm Ë`m ì`ŠVrda 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26, H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ‘yi ‘OHy$amEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar, 1956
2. 1949 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 17-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao qH$dm ""AmOrd gŠV‘Owarg'' ho eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco (6 E{àc, 1949 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
3. 1957 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 36-H$c‘ 3 d 2 ar AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao AWdm hm eãX Jmicm.
4. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""H$miçm nmÊ`mg''hm ‘OHy$a Jmicm. (1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d
VoìhmnmgyZ).
5. 1949 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 17-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ""qH$dm gŠV‘Owarg'' ho eãX Jmico (6 E{àc, 1949 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
6. 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 27-H$c‘ 8 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
90 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
nmÌ Aem AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Agoc qH$dm Vem AnamYm~Ôc {Ja’$Xma hmoÊ`mg Vr nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`m Bg‘mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
H$aÊ`mV Amcm Ë`m ì`ŠVrda ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Aem AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Agoc qH$dm Vem AnamYm~Ôc {Ja’$Xma hmoÊ`mg
Vr nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`m Bg‘mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
H$aÊ`mV Amcm Vr ì`ŠVr Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m {ejmXoemAÝdò, qH$dm Aem {ejoÀ`m n[adV©Zm‘wio 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmg]> 2* * *
3
* * * 4* * * qH$dm Xhm df} AJa Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmg nmÌ Agoc Va, Ë`m Bg‘mcm gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
qH$dm, Oa {Ja’$Xma H$amd`mMr ì`ŠVr AWdm {OMr Ad¡YnUo gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mV Amcr qH$dm gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ
H$aÊ`mV Amcm Vr ì`ŠVr ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejmXoemg AYrZ Agoc Va, Ë`m Bg‘mcm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm OmñVrV OmñV
Xhm df} BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
5
[225-A$.Á`m§À`mgmR>r AÝ`Wm Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zmhr Aem àH$aUmV, cmoH$godH$mZo {Ja’$Xmar H$aÊ`mMo Q>miUo
qH$dm niyZ OmD$ XoUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$ AgyZ, H$c‘ 221, H$c‘ 222 qH$dm H$c‘ 223 `m‘Üò, qH$dm Ë`m-Ë`m
H$mir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$m`Úm‘Üò Á`mgmR>r Cn~§Y H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Zmhr Aem H$moUË`mhr àH$aUm‘Üò,
EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm {Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mg qH$dm ~§{XdmgmV R>odÊ`mg Vmo Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ {d{YV: ~Õ AgVmZm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm
{Ja’$Xma H$aÊ`mMo Q>mirc qH$dm {Vcm ~§{XdmgmVyZ niyZ OmD$ XoB©c Ë`mcm--
(a) Oa Ë`mZo Vgo CÔoenyd©H$ Ho$co Agoc Va, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc Am{U
(b) Oa Ë`mZo Vgo h`J`rZo Ho$co Agoc Va, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmYm H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm
Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
225-B.Á`mgmR>r AÝ`Wm Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zmhr Aem àH$aUm§V, H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmarcm à{VH$ma H$aUo qH$dm niyZ
OmUo qH$dm Ad¡YnUo gwQ>H$m H$aUo.- H$c‘ 224, qH$dm H$c‘ 225 `m‘Üò qH$dm Ë`m-Ë`m H$mir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr H$m`Úm‘Üò Á`mgmR>r Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zmhr Aem H$moUË`mhr àH$aUm‘Üò, Omo H$moUr Bg‘ ñdV:À`m qH$dm AÝ`
EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$m`Xoera {Ja’$Xmarcm CÔoenyd©H$ à{VH$ma qH$dm Ad¡Y AQ>H$md H$arc, AWdm Ë`mg OoWo H$m`XoeranUo
ñWmZ~Õ H$aÊ`mV Amco Aem H$moUË`mhr hdmcVrVyZ niyZ OmB©c qH$dm niyZ OmÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc, AWdm AÝ` EImÚm
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26, H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ‘yi ‘OHy$amEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar, 1956
2. 1957 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 36-H$c‘ 3 d 2 Mr AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""qH$dm'' hm eãX JmiÊ`mV Amcm.
3. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""H$mi`m nmÊ`mg'' ho eãX JmiÊ`mV Amco. (1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d
VoìhmnmgyZ).
4. 1949 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 17-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ""gŠV‘Owarg'' ho eãX JmiÊ`mV Amco (6 E{àc, 1949 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
5. 1886 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10-H$c‘ 24(1) Ûmao 225-A EodOr H$c‘o 225-A$ d 225-B hr XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ‘yi H$c‘
225 A$ ho 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 27-H$c‘ 9 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 91
ì`ŠVrcmhr OoWo H$m`XoeranUo ñWmZ~Õ H$aÊ`mV Amco Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr hdmcVrVyZ {VMr Ad¡YnUo gwQ>H$m H$arc qH$dm
gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`m Bg‘mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.]
226. [H$miçm nmÊ`mdê$Z ~oH$m`XoeranUo naVUo.]> ’$m¡OXmar à{H«$`m g§{hVm ({demoYZ) A{YZ`‘, 1955 (1955 Mm
26) H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {Za{gV (1 OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
227. {ejm-‘m’$sÀ`m eVuMm ^§J.- H$moUË`mhr geV© {ejm-‘m’$s ñdrH$maë`mZ§Va Omo H$moUr Á`m eVuda Aer ‘m’$s
XoÊ`mV Amcr Aem H$moUË`mhr eVuMm OmUrdnyd©H$ ^§J H$arc Ë`mcm ‘wimV Or {ejm XoÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr Vr Ë`mZo Ë`mAmYr
A{O~mV ^moJcocr Zgoc Va VodT>r {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vr {ejm Ë`mZo H$mhr A§er ^moJcr Agoc Va, Ë`mZo Ë`mAmYr OodT>r {ejm
^moJcocr Zgoc VodT>r {ejm hmoB©c.
228. Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrV nrR>mgrZ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mMm CÔoenyd©H$ An‘mZ H$aUo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$m‘mV ì`Ë``
AmUUo. EImÚm cmoH$godH$ Ý`m{`H$ H$m`©dmhrÀ`m H$moUË`mhr Q>ßß`mcm nrR>mgrZ AgVmZm Omo H$moUr CÔoenydH© $ Aem cmoH$godH$mMm
H$moUË`mhr àH$mao An‘mZ H$arc, qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$m‘mV ì`Ë`` AmUrc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1
[228-A$. {dd{jV AnamYm§Zm ~ir nS>cocr ì`ŠVr H$moU Vo CKS> H$aUo, BË`mXr.- (1) H$c‘ 376, H$c‘ 376-
A, H$c‘ 376-B, H$c‘ 376-C$, H$c‘ 376-D> qH$dm H$c‘ 376-E `m Imcr Á`m ì`ŠVr{déÕ AnamY KS>ë`mMo
A{^H$WZ H$aÊ`mV Amco Agoc qH$dm Vgo AmT>ico Agoc Vr ì`ŠVr H$moU (`m H$c‘mV `mnwT>o ~ir nS>cocr ì`ŠVr åhUyZ
{Z{X©ï>), ho Á`mdê$Z kmV hmoB©c Ago Zmd qH$dm ‘OHy$a Omo H$moUr ‘w{ÐV qH$dm àH$m{eV H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
(2) ~ir nS>cocr ì`ŠVr H$moU Vo Á`mdê$Z kmV hmoD$ eHo$c Ago Zmd qH$dm ‘OHy$a `mMo ‘wÐU qH$dm àH$meZ ho Oa,-
(a) nmocrg R>mÊ`mÀ`m A§‘cXma A{YH$mè`mZo qH$dm Aem AnamYm~m~V AÝdofU H$aUmè`m nmocrg A{YH$mè`mZo gX²^mdnydH© $
Aem AÝdofUmÀ`m à`moOZmW©, AWdm Ë`mÀ`m coIr AmXoemZwgma Ho$coco Agoc Va; AWdm
(b) ~ir nS>coë`m ì`ŠVrZo qH$dm {VÀ`m coIr àm{YH$mamÝdò Ho$coco Agoc Va; AWdm
(c) ~ir nS>cocr ì`ŠVr ‘aU nmdcr Agoc qH$dm AkmZ Agoc qH$dm ‘Zmo{dH$c Agoc Ë`m~m~VrV, ~ir nS>coë`m
ì`ŠVrÀ`m {ZH$Q> Amág§~§YrZo AWdm Ë`mÀ`m coIr àm{YH$mamÝdò Ho$coco Agoc Va,
Aem ‘wÐUmcm qH$dm àH$meZmcm nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) ‘Yrc H$mhrhr cmJy hmoV Zmhr.
na§Vw, {ZH$Q> Amág§~§YrZo Ago àm{YH$manÌ H$moUË`mhr ‘mÝ`Vmàmá H$ë`mUH$mar g§ñWoMm qH$dm g§KQ>ZoMm AÜ`j qH$dm
g{Md-‘J Ë`mMo Zm‘m{^YmZ H$mhrhr Agmo--`mÀ`m{edm` AÝ` H$moUmhr ì`ŠVrg XoVm H$m‘m Zò.
ñnï>rH$aU- `m nmoQ>H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmW©, ‘mÝ`Vmàmá H$ë`mUH$mar g§ñWm qH$dm g§KQ>Zm åhUOo H|$Ð emgZmZo qH$dm
amÁ` emgZmZo `mÛmao ‘mÝ`Vm {Xcocr gm‘m{OH$ H$ë`mUH$mar g§ñWm qH$dm g§KQ>Zm hmo`.
(3) Omo H$moUr nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) ‘Üò {ZX}{ecoë`m AnamYmÀ`m g§~Y§ mV Ý`m`mc`mg‘moa Mmccoë`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`©dmhr~m~V
Aem Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m nyd©nadmZJr{edm` H$moUVmhr ‘OHy$a ‘w{ÐV qH$dm àH$m{eV H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmMr H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
1. ’$m¡OXmar {dYr ({demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1983 1983 Mm 43-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao g‘m{dï> Ho$co (25 {S>g|~a, 1983 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
92 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
ñnï>rH$aU- H$moUË`mhr Cƒ Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m qH$dm gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m Ý`m`{ZU©`mMo ‘wÐU qH$dm àH$meZ ho `m H$c‘mÀ`m
AWm©Zwgma AnamY åhUyZ JUco OmUma Zmhr.
229. Á`war-gXñ`mMr qH$dm Ý`m`-ghm`H$mMr ~VmdUr H$ê$Z VmoVò{Jar H$aUo.- AmnU Á`war-gXñ` qH$dm
Ý`m`ghm`H$ åhUyZ {ZdSy>Z òÊ`mg, Zm{‘H$mà{dï> hmoÊ`mg qH$dm enW {Xcr OmÊ`mg {d{YV: h¸$Xma Zmhr ho ñdV:g ‘mhrV
Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr àH$aUr VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z qH$dm AÝ`Wm Omo H$moUr AemàH$mao ñdV: {ZdSy>Z òÊ`mMr, Zm{‘H$m à{dï>
hmoÊ`mMr qH$dm ñdV:g enW {Xcr OmÊ`mMr CÔoenyd©H$ ì`dñWm H$arc AWdm OmUrdnyd©H$ Vgo hmoD$ XoB©c AWdm Vmo ñdV:
Aem [aVrZo ~oH$m`Xm {ZdSy>Z Amcocm Amho, Zm{‘H$mà{dï> Pmcocm Amho qH$dm AmnUmg Ver enW {Xcr Jococr Amho ho ‘mhrV
AgyZ Aem Á`warda qH$dm Agm Ý`m`ghm`H$ åhUyZ BÀN>mnyd©H$ H$m‘ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
1
[229-A. Om{‘Zmda qH$dm ~§YnÌmda gmoS>coë`m ì`ŠVrZo Ý`m`mc`mV CnpñWV amhÊ`mg H$gya H$aUo.- Á`mg
Om{‘Zmda qH$dm d¡`pŠVH$ OmV‘wMcŠ`mda gmoS>co AgVm Vmo H$moQ>m©V òÊ`mMo g~i H$maUm{edm` Q>mioc Ë`mg EH$ dfm©n`ªV
H¡$X qH$dm X§S> qH$dm XmoÝhr.
ñnï>rH$aU - `m H$c‘mImcrc {ejm hr -
(a) AnamÜ`mda Á`m AnamYmMm Amamon R>odÊ`mV Amcm Agoc Vmo {gÕ Pmë`mda Ë`mcm Or {ejm hmoB©c Ë`m
ì`{V[aŠV; Am{U
(b) ~§YnÌ g‘nöV H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe XoÊ`mÀ`m Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m A{YH$mamg ~mYm Z AmUUmar Agoc.]
àH$aU 12 do
ZmUr d emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ `mg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
230. ZmUr `mMr ì`m»`m. 2[ZmUr åhUOo Ë`m-Ë`m H$mir n¡gm åhUyZ dmnacm OmUmam Am{U Ë`mà‘mUo dmnacm Omdm
åhUyZ EImÚm XoemÀ`m qH$dm gmd©^m¡‘ gÎmoÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò N>mn ‘macocm d McZmV AmUcocm YmVy hmo`. ]>
^maVr` ZmUo.- 3[^maVr` ZmUo åhUOo n¡gm åhUyZ dmnacm Omdm `mgmR>r Omo ^maV gaH$maÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò N>mn
‘macocm d McZmV AmUcocm Agoc Vmo YmVy hmo`; Am{U Aem [aVrZo N>mn ‘macocm d McZmV AmUcocm YmVy, Vmo n¡gm åhUyZ
dmnaÊ`mMo ~§X Pmcoco Agco Var, `m àH$aUmÀ`m à`moOZm§nwaVm ^maVr` ZmUo AgÊ`mMo Mmcy amhrc.]>
CXmhaUo
(a) H$dS>çm hr ZmUr ZìhoV.
(b) N>mn Zgcoco Vm§ã`mMo VwH$S>o n¡gm åhUyZ Oar dmnaco Var Vr ZmUr ZìhoV.
(c) nXHo$ hr n¡gm åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mMm CÔoe ZgVmo, åhUyZ Vr ZmUr ZìhoV.
(d) Á`m ZmÊ`mcm H§$nZrMm én`m Ago åhQ>co OmVo Vo 4[^maVr` ZmUo]> hmo`.
5
[(e) ^maV gaH$maÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò nydu Omo n¡gm åhUyZ dmnacm OmV hmoVm Vmo ’$éIm~mXr én`m hm AmVm Vgm
dmnaÊ`mV òV Zgcm Var Vo 4[^maVr` ZmUo]> Amho.
1. gZ 2005 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.25, H$b‘ 44 AÝd¶o ho H$b‘ g‘m{dï> H$aÊ¶mV Ambo.
2. 1872 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 19-H$c‘ 1 Ûmao ‘yi n{hë`m n[aÀN>oXmEodOr hm n[aÀN>oX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. ZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao nyduÀ`m n[aÀN>oXmEodOr hm n[aÀN>oX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
4. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1950 Ûmao "¹$sZMo ZmUo' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
5. 1896 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 6-H$c‘ 1(2) Ûmao `m I§S>mMr â KmcÊ`mV Amcr.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 93
231. ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo- Omo H$moUr H$moUVohr ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$arc qH$dm OmUrdnyd©H$ Ë`mÀ`m ZH$crH$aUmÀ`m
à{H«$òVrc H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma nmS>rc Ë`mcm gmV dfmªn`©ÝV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
{ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU- ’$gJV H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Ë`m‘wio ’$gJV hmoUo g§^dZr` Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm Or ì`ŠVr Añgc
ZmUo ho doJiçm ZmÊ`mgmaIo {XgÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$arc Vr ì`ŠVr hm AnamY H$aVo.
232. ^maVr` ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo- Omo H$moUr 1[^maVr` ZmUo]> ZH$cr V`ma H$arc qH$dm OmUrdnyd©H$ Ë`mÀ`m
ZH$crH$aUmÀ`m à{H«$òVrc H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma nmS>rc Ë`mcm 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
233. ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mMo gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm {dH$Uo- Omo H$moUr EImXm gmMm qH$dm gmYZ ho, ZmUo ZH$cr
V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm dmna ìhmdm `mgmR>r qH$dm Vgm dmna hmoÊ`mMo CÔo{eV Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg
H$maU AgVmZm ~Zdoc qH$dm ZrQ> H$arc AWdm Vo ~ZdÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm ZrQ> H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òVrc H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma nmS>oc
AWdm Vo {dH$V KoB©c, {dHo$c qH$dm Ë`mMr dmgcmV cmdcr Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
234. ^maVr` ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mMo gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm {dH$Uo.- Omo H$moUr EImXm gmMm qH$dm gmYZ ho
1
[^maVr` ZmUo] ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm dmna ìhmdm `mgmR>r qH$dm Vgm dmna hmoÊ`mMo CÔo{eV Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm
qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm ~Zdoc qH$dm ZrQ> H$arc AWdm Vo ~ZdÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm ZrQ> H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òVrc
H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma nmS>oc AWdm, Vo {dH$V KoB©c, {dHo$c qH$dm Ë`mMr dmgcmV cmdVrc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
235. ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r dmnaÊ`mH$aVm gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo- Omo H$moUr EImXm
gmYZ qH$dm gm‘wJ«r ZmUo ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r dmnaÊ`mH$aVm AWdm Ë`m§Mm Vgm dmna hmoÊ`mMo CÔo{eV Amho ho ‘mhrV
AgVmZm qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c Am{U ZH$cr V`ma H$amd`mMo ZmUo 1[^maVr` ZmUo]>
Agoc Va Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
236. ^maVm~mhoa ZmÊ`mMo ZH$crH$aU H$aÊ`mg ^maVm‘Üò AnàoaUm XoU.o - Omo H$moUr 3[^maVmV]> AgVmZm 3[^maVm~mhoa]>
ZmÊ`mMo ZH$crH$aU H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm, OUy H$mhr Ë`mZo 3[^maVmV]> Aem ZmÊ`mMo ZH$crH$aU H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm
{Xcocr Agmdr AemàH$mao {ejm hmoB©c.
237. ZH$cr ZmÊ`mMr Am`mV qH$dm {Z`m©V H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr H$moUVohr ZH$cr ZmUo, Vo ZH$cr Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm
qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm 3[^maVmV]> Am`mV H$arc AWdm VoWyZ {Z`m©V H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`©ÝV Agy eHo$c
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe 1950 Ûmao "¹$sZMo ZmUo' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ‘yi "OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
3. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 d 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmaoo "{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m'
94 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
238. ZH$cr ^maVr` ZmÊ`mMr Am`mV qH$dm {Z`m©V.- Omo H$moUr H$moUVohr ZH$cr ZmUo, Vo 1[^maVr` ZmÊ`mMr]> Z¸$c
Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm 2[^maVmV]> Am`mV H$arc AWdm VoWyZ {Z`m©V H$arc Ë`mcm,
3
[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c,
d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
239. H$moUVohr ZmUo ZH$cr Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Vo gwnyX© H$aUo.- ñdV:À`m H$ãOmV Agcoco H$moUVohr ZH$cr
ZmUo Á`mdoir Amnë`m H$ãOmV Amco Ë`mdoir Vo ZH$cr ZmUo Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ> H$aUo
eŠ` ìhmdo `m CÔoemZo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o Vo gwnyX© H$arc qH$dm Vo ñdrH$maÊ`mg H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ
H$arc Ë`mcm, nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo
240. ^maVr` ZmUo ZH$cr Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Vo gwnyX© H$aUo.- ñdV:À`m H$ãOmV Agcoco H$moUVohr
1
[^maVr` ZmÊ`mMr]> Z¸$c Agcoco ZH$cr ZmUo Á`mdoir Amnë`m H$ãOmV Amco Ë`mdoir Vo 1[^maVr` ZmÊ`mMr]> Z¸$c
Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ> H$aVm `mdo `m CÔoemZo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o Vo gwnyX© H$arc qH$dm
Vo ñdrH$maÊ`mg H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
241. EImXo ZmUo Iao åhUyZ gwnyX© H$aUo- Vo Ooìhm àW‘ H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm gwnyX©H$mamcm Vo ZH$cr Agë`mMo
‘mhrV Zgë`mg.- Oo H$moUVohr ZH$cr ZmUo ZH$cr Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho, nU Oo Amnë`m H$ãOmV KoVco Voìhm Vo
ZH$cr Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV ZìhVo Ago H$moUVohr ZH$cr ZmUo Omo H$moUr AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o Añgc åhUyZ gwnyX©
H$arc qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg Vo Añgc åhUyZ ñdrH$maÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`©ÝV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm ZH$crH$aU Ho$coë`m ZmÊ`mÀ`m ‘yë`m§À`m Xhm nQ>rn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m aH$‘oÀ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaU
"H$' hm ZmUoH$ma H§$nZrMo ZH$cr énò MmcdÊ`mgmR>r Vo "I' `m Amnë`m ghmnamÜ`mH$S>o gwnyX© H$aVmo. "I' Vo énò "J'
`m Xwgè`m ZmUr MmcdUmè`m ‘mUgmcm {dH$Vmo d Vmo Vo ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm {dH$V KoVmo. "J' ‘mcmMo n¡go åhUyZ
Vo énò "K' cm XoD$Z Q>mH$Vmo d Vmo Vo ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV ZgVmZm ñdrH$maVmo. Vo ñdrH$maë`mZ§Va "K' cm Vo ZH$cr
Agë`mMo cjmV òVo Am{U Vo OUy H$mhr {d{YJ«mø AgmdoV Ë`mà‘mUo Vmo XoD$Z Q>mH$Vmo. `m ~m~VrV "K' ’$ŠV `m H$c‘mImcr
{ejmnmÌ Amho, nU "I' d "J' ho, H$c‘ 239 qH$dm, àH$aUnaËdo, 240 Imcr {ejmnmÌ AmhoV.
242. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo ZH$cr ZmUo H$ãOmV ~miJUo- Vo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Vo ZH$cr Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV
Agë`mg.- Oo ZH$cr ZmUo H$moUË`mhr ZmÊ`mMr Z¸$c Agoc Vo H$ãOmV Amco Ë`m doiog Vo ZH$cr hmoVo ho ñdV:cm ‘mhrV
AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vo ZH$cr ZmUo H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ> H$aVm `mdo `m CÔoemZo H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "¹$sZMo ZmUo' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 d 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m''
3. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 95
243. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo ^maVr` ZmUo H$ãOmV ~miJUo- Vo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Vo ZH$cr Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV
Agë`mg.- Oo ZH$cr ZmUo 1[^maVr` ZmÊ`mMr]> Z¸$c Agoc Vo H$ãOmV Amco Ë`mdoiog Vo ZH$cr hmooVo ho ñdV:cm ‘mhrV
AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vo ZH$cr ZmUo H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ> H$aVm `mdo `m CÔoemZo H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy
244. Q>mH$gmirV H$m‘mcm Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo H$m`ÚmZwgma R>acoë`mhÿZ {Zamù`m dOZmMo qH$dm {‘lUmMo ZmUo
KS>dUo.- Omo H$moUr 2[^maVmV] H$m`XoeranUo ñWmnZ Pmcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Q>mH$gmirV H$m‘mcm AgyZ, Ë`m Q>mH$gmirVyZ
{ZKUmè`m H$moUË`mhr ZmÊ`mgmR>r H$m`ÚmZo R>acoë`mhÿZ {Zamù`m dOZmMo qH$dm {‘lUmMo H$moUVohr ZmUo KS>dÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc qH$dm H$aÊ`mg Vmo {d{YV: ~Õ Amho Vo H$aÊ`mMo Q>mirc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ª§V Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
245. ZmUr ~ZdÊ`mMo gmYZ ~oH$m`XoeranUo Q>mH$gmirVyZ KoD$Z OmUo.- Omo H$moUr 2[^maVmV]> H$m`XoeranUo ñWmnZ
Pmcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Q>mH$gmirVyZ H$moUVohr ZmUr ~ZdÊ`mMo hË`ma qH$dm gmYZ H$m`Xoera àm{YH$mam{dZm KoD$Z OmB©c Ë`mcm,
gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
246. H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ZmÊ`mMo dOZ H$‘r H$aUo qH$dm {‘lU ~XcUo.- Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo
qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo H$moUË`mhr ZmÊ`mda, Á`m‘wio Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo dOZ H$‘r hmoVo qH$dm {‘lU ~XcVo Aer H$moUVrhr {H«$`m
H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo
ñnï>rH$aU.-Or ì`ŠVr ZmÊ`mMm EImXm ^mJ nmoIê$Z Ë`m nmoH$irV AÝ` H$moUVmhr nXmW© âVo {VZo Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo {‘lU
~Xcco Ago hmoVo.
247. H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ^maVr` ZmÊ`mMo dOZ H$‘r H$aUo qH$dm {‘lU ~XcUo.- Omo H$moUr
H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo 3[H$moUË`mhr ^maVr` ZmÊ`mda]> Á`m‘wio Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo dOZ H$‘r hmoVo qH$dm {‘lU ~XcVo
Aer H$moUVrhr {H«$`m H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
248. EImXo ZmUo {Zamù`m dU©ZmMo åhUyZ InyZ Omdo `m CÔoemZo Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo ê$n ~XcUo.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr
ZmÊ`mda, CŠV ZmUo {Zamù`m dU©ZmMo ZmUo åhUyZ InyZ Omdo `m CÔoemZo Ë`mda Á`m‘wio Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo ê$n ~Xcoc, Aer
H$moUVrhr {H«$`m H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`m EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d
Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
249. ^maVr` ZmUo {Zamù`m dU©ZmMo ZmUo åhUyZ InyZ Omdo `m CÔoemZo Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo ê$n ~XcUo.- Omo H$moUr
3
[H$moUË`mhr ^maVr` ZmÊ`mda], CŠV ZmUo {Zamù`m dU©ZmMo ZmUo åhUyZ InyZ Omdo `m CÔoemZo Ë`mda Á`m‘wio Ë`m ZmÊ`mMo
ê$n ~Xcoc, Aer H$moUVrhr {H«$`m H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao "¹$sZMo ZmUo' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 d 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m''
3. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""¹$sZÀ`m ZmÊ`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr ZmÊ`mda'' `mEodOr KmVco.
96 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
250. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm H$ãOmV ~miJcoco ZmUo gwnyX© H$aUo.- Á`mÀ`m~m~V H$c‘ 246
qH$dm 248 ‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$cocm AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Amho Vo ZmUo ñdV:À`m H$ãOmV AgyZ Am{U Ago ZmUo Ooìhm H$ãOmV
Amco Voìhm Ë`m~m~V Agm AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcm Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ> H$aVm `mdo `m
CÔoemZo Ago ZmUo AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o gwnyX© H$arc qH$dm Vo ñdrH$maÊ`mg AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMm
à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
251. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm H$ãOmV ~miJcoco ^maVr` ZmUo gwnyX© H$aUo.- Á`mÀ`m~m~V
H$c‘ 247 qH$dm 249 ‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$cocm AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Amho Vo ZmUo ñdV:À`m H$ãOmV AgyZ Am{U Ago ZmUo
Ooìhm H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Ë`m~m~V Agm AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcm Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>
H$aVm `mdo `m CÔoemZo Ago ZmUo AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o gwnyX© H$arc qH$dm Vo ñdrH$maÊ`mg AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm àd¥Îm
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c
252. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcoco ZmUo EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo H$ãOmV ~miJUo-Vo ZmUo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Ë`mV ~Xc Ho$cm
Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV Agë`mg.- Á`mÀ`m~m~V H$c‘ 246 qH$dm 248 `m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$cocm
AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho Vo ZmUo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Aem ZmÊ`m~m~V Agm AnamY KS>cm Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV AgyZ
Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ> H$aVm `mdo `m CÔoemZo Vo H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
253. ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amcoco ^maVr` ZmUo EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo H$ãOmV ~miJUo-Vo ZmUo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Ë`mV ~Xc
Ho$cm Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV Agë`mg.- Á`mÀ`m~m~V H$c‘ 247 qH$dm 249 `m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m Ho$cocm
AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho Vo ZmUo H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Aem ZmÊ`m~m~V Agm AnamY KS>cm Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV AgyZ
Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm H$nQ> H$aVm `mdo `m CÔoemZo Vo H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
254. EImXo ZmUo Añgc åhUyZ gwnyX© H$aUo-Vo ZmUo n{hë`m§Xm H$ãOmV Amco Voìhm Ë`mV ~Xc H$aÊ`mV Amë`mMo
gwnyX©H$mamcm ‘mhrV Zgë`mg.- Á`mÀ`m~m~V H$c‘ 246, 247, 248 qH$dm H$c‘ 249 ‘Üò C„opIcocr Aer H$moUVrhr
{H«$`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocr Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho, nU Oo Amnë`m H$ãOmV KoVco Voìhm Aer {H«$`m Ho$cr hmoVr ho ñdV:cm
‘mhrV ZìhVo Ago H$moUVohr ZmUo Omo H$moUr AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o Añgc åhUyZ qH$dm Vo Ogo Amho Ë`mhÿZ {Zamù`m
dU©ZmMo ZmUo åhUyZ gwnyX© H$arc AWdm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg Vo Iao åhUyZ qH$dm Vo Ogo Amho Ë`mhÿZ {Zamù`m àH$maMo ZmUo
åhUyZ ñdrH$maÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm ~Xccoco ZmUo Á`mÀ`m ~Xcr IndÊ`mV Amco qH$dm IndÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV Amcm Ë`m ZmÊ`mÀ`m
‘yë`mÀ`m Xhm nQ>rn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m aH$‘oÀ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
255. emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao nwa:g¥V Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$
ZH$cr V`ma H$arc qH$dm OmUrdnydH© $ Ë`mÀ`m ZH$crH$aUmÀ`m à{H«$òMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma nmS>rc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>
qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao "OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 97
ñnï>rH$aU- Or ì`ŠVr EH$m A{^YmZmMm Añgc ‘wÐm§H$ {Zamù`m A{^YmZmÀ`m Añgc ‘wÐm§H$mgmaIm {Xgoc Ago H$aVo
Vr hm AnamY H$aVo.
256. emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW©
emgZmÛmao nwa:g¥V Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVohr gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r dmnaÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© AWdm
Vgm dmna hmoÊ`mMo CÔo{eV Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vo H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, gmV
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
257. emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm {dH$Uo.- ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao
nwa:g¥V Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVohr gmYZ dmnaÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© AWdm Vgm dmna hmoÊ`mMr
CÔo{eV Amho ho ‘mhrV AWdm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vo ~Zdrc qH$dm ~ZdÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma
nmS>rc qH$dm Vo {dH$V KoB©c qH$dm {dHo$c qH$dm Ë`mMr dmgcmV cmdrc Ë`mcm, gmV df}n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
258.ZH$cr emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$mMr {dH«$s.- Omo ‘wÐm§H$ ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao nwa:g¥V Agm H$moUË`mhr ‘wÐm§H$mMr
Z¸$c Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU Amho Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ Omo H$moUr {dHo$c qH$dm {dH$V
XoD$ H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
259. ZH$cr emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- Omo ‘wÐm§H$ ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao nwa:g¥V Aem H$moUË`mhr
‘wÐm§H$mMr Z¸$c Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ Añgc ‘wÐm§H$ åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`mMr Ver
dmgcmV cmdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm Vmo Añgc åhUyZ dmnacm Omdm `mgmR>r Omo H$moUr H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
260. Omo ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Amho Agm emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ Añgc åhUyZ dmnaUo.- H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ ‘hgwcmÀ`m
à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao H$mT>coë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘wÐm§H$mMr Z¸$c Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vmo Añgc åhUyZ dmnarc
Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
261. emgZmg hmZr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo, emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ cmdcoë`m nXmWm©darc coI nwgyZ Q>mH$Uo qH$dm EImÚm
XñVEodOm-gmR>r dmnacocm ‘wÐm§H$ Ë`mdê$Z H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo.- H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm emgZmg hmZr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Omo
H$moUr ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao nwa:g¥V Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ cmdcoë`m H$moUË`mhr nXmW©dê$Z Á`mÀ`mgmR>r Agm
‘wÐm§H$ dmnaÊ`mV Amcm Amho Agm H$moUVmhr coI qH$dm XñVEodO H$mTy>Z Q>mH$sc qH$dm nwgyZ Q>mH$sc AWdm H$moUË`mhr
coImgmR>r qH$dm XñVEodOmgmR>r Omo ‘wÐm§H$ dmnacm Agoc Vmo doJiçm coImgmR>r qH$dm XñVEodOmgmR>r dmnaVm `mdm åhUyZ
Aem coImdê$Z qH$dm XñVEodOmdê$Z Vmo ‘wÐm§H$ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$sc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
262. Omo AmYr dmnaÊ`mV Amcocm Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Amho Agm emgH$s` ‘wÐm§H$ dmnaUo.- H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm
emgZmg hmZr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Omo H$moUr ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao nwa:g¥V Agm Omo ‘wÐm§H$ AmYr dmnaÊ`mV
Amcocm Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Vmo ‘wÐm§H$ H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmW© dmnarc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
^mX§g-7
98 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
263. ‘wÐm§H$ dmnaÊ`mV Amcocm Agë`mMo Xe©dUmar IyU ImoS>y Z Q>mH$Uo.- H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm emgZmg hmZr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo Omo H$moUr ‘hgwcmÀ`m à`moOZmW© emgZmÛmao nwa:g¥V Agm ‘wÐm§H$ dmnaÊ`mV Amcocm Amho ho Xe©dÊ`mgmR>r Aem
‘wÐm§H$mda Or H$moUVrhr IyU cmdcr Agoc qH$dm {OMm R>gm ‘macm Agoc Vr Ë`mdê$Z ImoSy>Z qH$dm H$mTy>Z Q>mH$sc AWdm
Á`mÀ`mdê$Z Aer IyU ImoS>Ê`mV qH$dm H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV Amcocr Amho Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ OmUrdnyd©H$ Amnë`m H$ãOmV
~miJrc AWdm Omo dmnaÊ`mV Amcm Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr ‘wÐm§H$mMr {dH«$s H$arc qH$dm dmgcmV
cmdrc, Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
1
[263-A. ImoQ>çm ‘wÐm§H$m§Zm ‘ZmB©.- (1) Omo H$moUr,-
(a) H$moUVmhr ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ ~Zdrc, OmUrdnyd©H$ Mmcdrc, Ë`mMm ì`dhma H$arc qH$dm Ë`mMr {dH«$s H$arc, AWdm
Agm H$moUVmhr ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ OmUrdnyd©H$ H$moUË`mhr S>mH$ à`moOZmW© dmnarc qH$dm
(b) H$moUVmhr ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ H$m`Xoera g~~r{edm` Amnë`m H$ãOmV ~miJrc, qH$dm
(c) H$moUVmhr ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ ~ZdÊ`mMm H$moUVmhr gmMm, ‘wÐmnÅ>, gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r ~Zdrc qH$dm H$m`Xoera g~~r{edm`
H$ãOmV ~miJrc,
Ë`mcm XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
(2) H$moUVmhr ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ ~ZdÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo H$ãOmV ~miJcocm Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$, gmMm, ‘wÐmnÅ>,
gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r 2[A{^J«hU H$aVm òB©c d A{^J«hU Ho$co Agë`mg]> Vo g‘nöV H$aÊ`mV òB©c.
(3) `m H$c‘mV ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ `mMm AW©, Omo ‘wÐm§H$ Q>nmcmMm Xa Xe©dÊ`mgmR>r ^maVmÀ`m qH$dm EImÚm naH$s` XoemÀ`m
gaH$maZo nwa:g¥V Ho$cm Agë`mMm ImoQ>m ^mg {Z‘m©U hmoVmo Agm H$moUVmhr ‘wÐm§H$ qH$dm Ë`m à`moOZmW© Aem gaH$maZo nwa:g¥V
Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘wÐm§H$mMo H$moUVohr à{Vê$n qH$dm AZwH¥$Vr qH$dm à{Vê$nU Agm Amho-‘J Vo H$mJXmdarc Agmo dm AÝ`
àH$maMo Agmo.
(4) `m H$c‘m‘Üò d H$c‘o 255 Vo 263 (XmoÝhr Yê$Z) `m§‘Üò, Q>nmchercmMm Xa Xe©dÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r nwa:g¥V
Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘wÐm§H$mÀ`m g§~§YmV qH$dm Ë`mg AZwcjyZ emgZ/gaH$ma hm eãX dmnaÊ`mV òB©c Voìhm, H$c‘ 17 ‘Üò
H$mhrhr A§V^y©V Agco Var Ë`m eãXm‘Üò, ^maVmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJm‘Üò, Am{U ha ‘°OoñQ>rÀ`m S>mo{‘{ZAÝgÀ`m H$moUË`mhr
^mJm‘Üò qH$dm H$moUË`mhr naH$s` Xoem‘ÜòXoIrc H$m`©H$mar emgZmMo àemgZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r {d{YV: àm{YH¥$V Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrMm
qH$dm ì`ŠVtMm g‘mdoe Agë`mMo ‘mZÊ`mV òB©c>.]
1. 1885 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao `m H$c‘mMr â KmcÊ`mV Amcr.

2. 1953 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 42-H$c‘ 4 d 3 Mr AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""A{^J«hU H$aVm òB©c d'' `m ‘OHw$amEodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV
Amcm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 99
àH$aU 13 do
dOZo d ‘mno `m§g§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
264. dOZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ImoQ>çm gmYZmMm H$nQ>nyU© dmna.- dOZ H$aÊ`mMo Oo H$moUVohr gmYZ ImoQ>o Agë`mMo
ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Vo Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo dmnarc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
265. ImoQ>o dOZ qH$dm ‘mn `mMm H$nQ>nyU© dmna.- Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo H$moUVohr ImoQ>o dOZ AJa cm§~r-é§XrMo qH$dm
YmaH$VoMo ImoQ>o ‘mn dmnarc AWdm H$moUVohr dOZ qH$dm H$moUVohr cm§~r-é§XrMo qH$dm YmaH$VoMo ‘mn Vo Ogo Amho Ë`mhÿZ {Zamio
dOZ qH$dm ‘mn åhUyZ dmnarc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
266. ImoQ>o dOZ qH$dm ‘mn H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- Oo H$moUVohr VmocÊ`mMo gmYZ qH$dm H$moUVohr dOZ qH$dm H$moUVohr
cm§~r-é§XrMo AJa YmaH$VoMo ‘mn ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho 1* * * Vo H$nQ>rnUmZo dmnaco Omdo Aem CÔoemZo Omo
H$mooUr Vo H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
267. ImoQ>o dOZ qH$dm ‘mn ~ZdUo d {dH$Uo.- Oo H$moUVohr VmocÊ`mMo gmYZ qH$dm H$moUVohr dOZ qH$dm H$moUVohr
cm§~r-é§XrMo AJa YmaH$VoMo ‘mn ImoQ>o Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho Vo Iao åhUyZ dmnaco Omdo `mgmR>r qH$dm Vo Iao åhUyZ
dmnaco OmUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr OmUrd AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vo ~Zdrc, {dHo$c qH$dm Ë`mMr dmgcmV cmdrc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
àH$aU 14 do
gmd©O{ZH$ Amamo½`, gwa{jVVm, gmo`, gä`Vm d Zr{V‘Îmm `m§Zm ~mYH$ Aem AnamYm§{df`r
268. gmd©O{ZH$ CnÐd.- {OÀ`m‘wio OZVocm AWdm Oo AmOy~mOycm amhmVmV qH$dm VoWrc ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m {R>H$mUr Á`m§Mr
d{hdmQ> Amho Aem gagH$Q> gd© cmoH$m§Zm gm‘m{`H$nUo hmoUmar jVr, YmoH$m qH$dm Ìmg hmoVmo AWdm Á`m§Zm H$moUVmhr gmd©O{ZH$
h¸$ dmnaÊ`mMm àg§J òB©c Ë`m ì`ŠVtZm jVr, AQ>H$md, YmoH$m qH$dm Ìmg hmoUo An[ahm`© Amho Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aUmar
qH$dm Aem H$moUË`mhr, Ad¡Y AH¥$Vr~Ôc Xmofr AgUmar ì`ŠVr gmd©O{ZH$ CnÐdm~Ôc Xmofr AgVo. gm‘m{`H$ CnÐdm‘wio
H$mhr gmo` qH$dm ’$m`Xm hmoVmo `m H$maUmdê$Z Vmo ‘m’$ hmoV Zmhr.
269. Or{dVmg YmoH$mXm`H$ Agcoë`m amoJmMm g§gJ© ngadÊ`mMm g§^d Agcocr h`J`rMr H¥$Vr.- {OÀ`m‘wio
Or{dVmg YmoH$mXm`H$ Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr amoJmMm g§gJ© ngaÊ`mMm g§^d AgyZ Vo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg
H$maU Amho Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr Omo H$moUr ~oH$m`XoeranUo qH$dm h`J`rZo H$arc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
270. Or{dVmg YmoH$mXm`H$ Agcoë`m amoJmMm g§gJ© ngadÊ`mMm g§^d Agcocr KmVH$s H¥$Vr.- {OÀ`m‘wio Or{dVmg
YmoH$mXm`H$ Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr amoJmMm g§gJ© ngaÊ`mMm g§^d AgyZ Vo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU
Amho Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr Omo H$moUr KmVH$snUmZo H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
1. 1953 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 42-H$c‘ 4 d 3 Mr AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""Am{U'' hm eãX dJiÊ`mV Amcm.
100 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
271. n¥WH²$dmgmÀ`m {Z`‘mMr Adkm.- H$moUVohr Oc`mZ n¥WH$dmgpñWVrV R>odÊ`mgmR>r AWdm n¥WH$dmgpñWVrVrc
Oc`mZm§Mo {H$Zmè`mer qH$dm BVa Oc`mZm§er Oo XiUdiU amhVo Ë`mÀ`m {d{Z`‘ZmgmR>r AWdm Á`m {R>H$mUr gm§g{J©H$ amoJ
’¡$cmdcm Amho Vr {R>H$mUo Am{U BVa {R>H$mUo `m§À`m‘Yrc XiUdiUmMo {d{Z`‘Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1[2* ** emgZmZo 3* * *
Q>Ho$coë`m d Omar Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr {Z`‘mMr Omo H$moUr OmUrdnyd©H$ Adkm H$arc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c
272. {dH«$sgmR>r Agcoë`m ImÚ-nXmWm©V qH$dm no`mV ôgi.- Oa H$moUr H$moUVmhr ImÚnXmW© qH$dm no`nXmW© AÞ
qH$dm no` åhUyZ Anm`H$maH$ hmoB©c AemàH$mao Aem nXmWm©V ôgi Ho$cr d Agm nXmW© AÞ qH$dm no` åhUyZ {dH$Ê`mMm Ë`mMm
CÔoe Agoc AWdm Vmo AÞ qH$dm no` åhUyZ {dH$cm OmUo g§^dZr` Amho `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va Ë`mcm, ghm
‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
273. Anm`H$maH$ ImÚnXmWm©Mr qH$dm no`mMr {dH«$s.- Omo H$moUVmhr nXmW© Anm`H$maH$ H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho qH$dm
Pmcm Amho AWdm ImÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm {nÊ`mgmR>r A`mo½` Aem pñWVrV Amho Vmo AÞ qH$dm no` åhUyZ Anm`H$maH$ Amho ho
ñdV:cm ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vmo nXmW© AÞ qH$dm no` åhUyZ {dHo$c qH$dm {dH$V XoD$
H$arc qH$dm {dH«$sgmR>r ‘m§S>rc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
274. Am¡fYrÐì`m§‘Üò ôgi.- Oa H$moUr H$moUVohr Am¡fYrÐì` qH$dm Am¡fYr` {gÕnXmW© `mMr JwUH$m[aVm H$‘r hmoB©c
qH$dm Ë`mMo H$m`© ~Xcoc Aem arVrZo Aem Am¡fYrÐì`mV qH$dm Am¡fYr` {gÕnXmWm©V ôgi Ho$cr Am{U Ë`mV OUy H$mhr Aer
ôgi Pmcocr Zgmdr Ë`mà‘mUo H$moUË`mhr Am¡fYmonMmamÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r Vmo {dH$cm Omdm qH$dm dmnacm Omdm Agm Ë`mMm
CÔoe Agoc AWdm Ë`mgmR>r Vmo {dH$cm OmUo qH$dm dmnacm OmUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va Ë`mcm, ghm
‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c
275. ôgi`wŠV Am¡fYrÐì`m§Mro {dH«$s.- H$moUVohr Am¡fYrÐì` qH$dm Am¡fYr` {gÕnXmW© `mMr JwUH$m[aVm H$‘r hmoB©c
qH$dm Ë`mMo H$m`© ~Xcoc qH$dm Vo Anm`H$maH$ hmoB©c Aem arVrZo Ë`mV ôgi H$aÊ`mV Amcocr Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr
Vo {dHo$c qH$dm {dH$V XoD$ H$arc qH$dm {dH«$sgmR>r ‘m§S>rc qH$dm Vo {Z^}i åhUyZ Am¡fYmonMmamÀ`m à`moOZm§gmR>r EImÚm
XdmImÝ`m‘m’©$V XoB©c qH$dm ôgi Pmë`mMo ‘mhrV Zgcoë`m EImÚm ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z Am¡fYmonMmamÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r Ë`m§Mm Cn`moJ
H$adrc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma
én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
276. EImXo Am¡fYrÐì` doJio Am¡fYrÐì` qH$dm {gÕnXmW© åhUyZ {dH$Uo.- H$moUVohr Am¡fYrÐì` qH$dm Am¡fYr`
{gÕnXmW© Omo H$moUr doJio Am¡fYrÐì` qH$dm {gÕnXmW© åhUyZ OmUrdnyd©H$ {dHo$c qH$dm {dH$V XoD$ H$arc qH$dm {dH«$sgmR>r
‘m§S>rc qH$dm Am¡fYmonMmamÀ`m à`moOZm§gmR>r EImÚm XdmImÝ`m‘m’©$V XoB©c Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao ""^maV gaH$maZo qH$dm H$moUË`mhr emgZmZo'' `mEodOr ho eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
2. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""H|$Ðr` qH$dm H$moUË`mhr àm§{VH$'' ho eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco.
3. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948 Ûmao ""qH$dm H«$mD$Z [aàoP|Q>o{Q>ìhZo'' ho eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 101
277. gmd©O{ZH$ Pè`mMo qH$dm Ocme`mMo nmUr KmU H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$ Pè`mMo qH$dm Ocme`mMo nmUr
gd©gm‘mÝ`nUo Á`mgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV òVo Ë`m à`moOZmW© Ë`mMr `mo½`Vm H$‘r hmoB©c AemàH$mao Omo H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ Vo Xy{fV
H$arc qH$dm KmU H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
278. dmVmdaU Amamo½`mg Anm`H$maH$ H$aUo.- EImÚm {R>H$mUMo dmVmdaU Amgnmg amhUmè`m qH$dm H$m‘Y§Xm
H$aUmè`m qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ añË`mdê$Z OmUmè`m gagH$Q> gd© ì`ŠVtÀ`m Amamo½`mg Anm`H$maH$ hmoB©c Aem àH$mao Omo H$moUr
BÀN>mnyd©H$ Vo Xy{fV H$arc Ë`mcm, nmMeo én`m§n`§©V Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
279. gmd©O{ZH$ añË`mda ~oXaH$manUo dmhZ hmH$Uo qH$dm gdmar H$aUo.- OoUoH$ê$Z ‘mZdr Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òB©c
AWdm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV AJa jVr nmoMÊ`mMm g§^d Agoc BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo Omo H$moUr
H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$ añË`mdê$Z EImXo dmhZ hmH$sc qH$dm gdmar H$arc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
280. Oc`mZ ~oXaH$manUo MmcdUo.- OoUoH$ê$Z ‘mZdr Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òB©c AWdm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm
XwImnV qH$dm jVr nmoMÊ`mMm g§^d Agoc BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo Omo H$moUr EImXo Oc`mZ Mmcdrc Ë`mcm, ghm
‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`§©V Agy eHo$c
281. ’$gdm àH$me, {MÝh qH$dm ~mo`m XmIdUo.- Oa H$moUr H$moUVmhr ’$gdm àH$me, {MÝh qH$dm ~mo`m XmIdcm Am{U
Vgo H$aÊ`m‘mJo EImÚm Zm{dH$mMr {Xem^yc ìhmdr Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Vgo hmoUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd
Agoc Va Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
282. ^mS>o KoD$Z EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Agwa{jV qH$dm OmXm ~moOm cmXcoë`m Oc`mZmVyZ Oc‘mJ} ZoUo.- OoUoH$ê$Z
EImÚm ì`ŠVrMo Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òB©c Aem pñWVrV EImXo Oc`mZ AgVmZm qH$dm Ë`mda BVH$m ~moOm cmXcocm AgVmZm Omo
H$moUr Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm ^mS>çmXmIc Ë`m Oc`mZmVyZ Oc‘mJ} OmUrdnyd©H$ qH$dm h`J`rZo ZoB©c qH$dm Zoddrc Ë`mcm, ghm
‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c
283. gmd©O{ZH$ añË`mVrc qH$dm Zm¡H$mZ`Z ‘mJm©Vrc YmoH$m qH$dm AQ>H$md.- Omo H$moUr, EImXr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z AWdm
Amnë`m H$ãOmV Agcoë`m qH$dm hþHy$‘VrImcr Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mMo Q>miyZ H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$
añË`mdarc AWdm gmd©O{ZH$ Zm¡H$mZ`Z ‘mJm©darc H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm YmoH$m, AQ>H$md qH$dm BOm H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZeo
én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
284. {dfmar nXmWm©~m~V h`J`rMo dV©Z.- OoUoH$ê$Z ‘mZdr Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òB©c AWdm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm
XwImnV qH$dm jVr nmohmoMÊ`mMm g§^d Agoc BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr {dfmar nXmWm©~m~V
H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc,
AWdm Amnë`m H$ãOmVrc H$moUË`mhr {dfmar nXmWm©‘wio ‘mZdr Or{dVmg nmoMUmè`m H$moUË`mhr g§^mì` YmoŠ`mnmgyZ
gwa{jV amhÊ`mg nwaogm BVH$m ~§Xmo~ñV Aem {dfmar nXmWm©~m~V H$aÊ`mMo OmUrdnyd©H$ qH$dm h`J`rZo Q>mirc,
Ë`mcm ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
102 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
285. AmJ qH$dm ÁdmcmJ«mhr nXmW© `m§À`m~m~V h`J`rZo dV©Z.- OoUoH$ê$Z ‘mZdr Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òB©c AWdm AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV qH$dm jVr nmoMÊ`mMm g§^d Agoc BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo Omo H$moUr AmJr~m~V qH$dm
H$moUË`mhr ÁdmcmJ«mhr nXmWm©~m~V H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc,
AWdm Amnë`m H$ãOmVrc H$moUË`mhr AmJr‘wio qH$dm ÁdmcmJ«mhr nXmWm©‘wio ‘mZdr Or{dVmg nmoMUmè`m H$moUË`mhr
g§^mì` YmoŠ`mnmgyZ gwa{jV amhÊ`mg nwag o m BVH$m ~§Xmo~ñV Aem AmJr~m~V qH$dm ÁdmcmJ«mhr nXmWm©~m~V H$aÊ`mMo OmUrdnydH© $
qH$dm h`J`rZo Q>mirc,
Ë`mcm ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`§©V
286. ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmWmªÀ`m~m~V h`J`rZo dV©Z.- OoUoH$ê$Z ‘mZdr Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òB©c AWdm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV qH$dm jVr nmoMÊ`mMm g§^d Agoc BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ñ’$moQ>H$
nXmWm©~m~V H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc,
AWdm Amnë`m H$ãOmVrc H$moUË`mhr ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmWm©‘wio ‘mZdr Or{dVmcm nmoMUmè`m H$moUË`mhr g§^mì` YmoŠ`mnmgyZ
gwa{jV amhÊ`mg nwaogm BVH$m ~§Xmo~ñV Ë`m nXmWm©~m~V H$aÊ`mMo OmUrdnyd©H$ qH$dm h`J`rZo Q>mirc,
287. `§Ìgm‘J«r~m~V h`J`rZo dV©Z.- OoUoH$ê$Z ‘mZdr Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òB©c qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm
XwImnV qH$dm jVr nmoMÊ`mMm g§^d Agoc BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr `§Ìgm‘J«r~m~V H$moUVrhr
H¥$Vr H$arc,
AWdm Amnë`m H$ãOmVrc qH$dm XoIaoIrImcrc H$moUË`mhr `§Ìgm‘J«r‘wio ‘mZdr Or{dVmcm nmoMUmè`m H$moUË`mhr g§^mì`
YmoŠ`mnmgyZ gwa{jV amhÊ`mg nwaogm BVH$m ~§Xmo~ñV Aem `§Ìgm‘J«r~m~V H$aÊ`mMo OmUrdnyd©H$ qH$dm h`J`rZo Q>mirc,
288. B‘maVr nmS>Ê`m~m~V qH$dm XwéñV H$aÊ`m~m~V h`J`rZo dV©Z.- H$moUVrhr B‘maV nmS>VmZm qH$dm XwéñV
H$aVmZm Omo H$moUr Vr B‘maV qH$dm {VMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ nS>Ê`m‘wio ‘mZdr Or{dVmcm nmoMUmè`m H$moUË`mhr g§^mì` YmoŠ`mnmgyZ
gwa{jV amhÊ`mg nwaogm BVH$m ~§Xmo~ñV Ë`m B‘maVr~m~V H$aÊ`mMo OmUrdnyd©H$ qH$dm h`J`rZo Q>mirc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
289.àmÊ`m~m~V h`J`rZo dV©Z.- Omo H$moUr Amnë`m H$ãOmVrc H$moUË`mhr àmÊ`m‘wio ‘mZdr Or{dVmg nmoMUmè`m
H$moUË`mhr g§^mì` YmoŠ`mnmgyZ qH$dm O~a XwImnVrÀ`m H$moUË`mhr g§^mì` YmoŠ`mnmgyZ gwa{jV amhÊ`mg nwaogm BVH$m
~§Xmo~ñV Aem àmÊ`m~m~V H$aÊ`mMo OmUrdnyd©H$ qH$dm h`J`rZo Q>mirc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
290. Á`m§~m~V AÝ`Wm Cn~§Y Ho$cocm Zmhr Ë`m àH$aUr gmd©O{ZH$ CnÐdm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr `m g§{hVoAÝdò
AÝ`Wm {ejmnmÌ Zgcoë`m àH$aUr gmd©O{ZH$ CnÐd H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm
hmoB©c.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 103
291. CnÐd Wm§~dÊ`m~m~VÀ`m ì`mXoemZ§Vahr Vmo Mmcy R>odUo.- gmd©O{ZH$ CnÐdmMr nwZamd¥Îmr Z H$aÊ`m{df`r qH$dm
Vmo Mmcy Z R>odÊ`m{df`r ì`mXoe H$mT>Ê`mMm H$m`Xoera àm{YH$ma Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mZo Agm ì`mXoe {Xcocm AgVm
Omo H$moUr Aem CnÐdmMr nwZamd¥Îmr H$arc qH$dm Vmo Mmcy R>odrc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m
1
[292. Aícrc nwñVHo$, B. Mr {dH«$s, B.- 2[(1) nmoQ>H$c‘ (2) À`m à`moOZmW©, Oa EImXo nwñVH$, nÌH$, H$mJX,
{cImU, aoIZ, a§J{MÌ, à{Vê$nU, AmH¥$Vr qH$dm AÝ` H$moUVrhr dñVy H$m‘wH$ Agoc AWdm {df`cmocwnVocm AmdmhZ H$aV
Agoc AWdm gd© g§~Õ n[apñWVr nmhVm, Á`m ì`ŠVr Ë`mV A§V^y©V Agcoco qH$dm gmH$macoco gm{hË` dmMÊ`mMm, nmhÊ`mMm
qH$dm EoH$Ê`mMm g§^d Amho Ë`m§Zm Zr{V^«ï> H$aÊ`mg qH$dm {~KS>dÊ`mg gmYH$ Agm gmH$ëòH$ê$Z Ë`mMm n[aUm‘ qH$dm
(Á`m‘Üò XmoZ qH$dm A{YH$ ~m~tMm g‘mdoe Agoc Ë`m~m~VrV) Ë`m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr ~m~rMm n[aUm‘ Agoc Va, Vo Aícrc
Agë`mMo ‘mZco OmB©c.]>
2
[(2)]> Omo H$moUr-
(a) H$moUVohr Aícrc nwñVH$, nÌH$, H$mJX, {cImU, aoIZ, a§J{MÌ, à{Vê$nU qH$dm AmH¥$Vr qH$dm AÝ` H$moUVrhr
Aícrc dñVy {dHo$c, ^mS>çmZo XoB©c, {dV[aV H$arc, OmhranUo àX{e©V H$arc qH$dm H$moUË`mhr [aVrZo àg¥V
H$arc AWdm {dH«$s, ^mS>çmZo XoUo, {dVaU, Omhra àXe©Z qH$dm àgmaU `m à`moOZm§H$[aVm Vr ~Zdrc, {Z‘m©U
H$arc qH$dm Amnë`m H$ãOmV ~miJrc, AWdm
(b) H$moUVohr Aícrc dñVy nwdm}ŠV Aem§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmH$[aVm AJa Aer dñVy {dH$cr OmB©c, ^mS>çmZo {Xcr
OmB©c, {dV[aV Ho$cr OmB©c qH$dm OmhranUo àX{e©V Ho$cr OmB©c qH$dm H$moUË`mhr [aVrZo àg¥V Ho$cr OmB©c `mMr
OmUrd AgVmZm qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm Am`mV H$arc, {Z`m©V H$arc qH$dm {VMr Zo-AmU H$arc,
AWdm
(c) Á`m Y§ÚmÀ`m AmoKmV Aem H$moUË`mhr dñVy nydm}ŠV Aemn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmH$[aVm ~Zë`m OmVmV, {Z{‘©ë`m
OmVmV, IarXë`m OmVmV, R>odë`m OmVmV, Am`mV Ho$ë`m OmVmV, {Z`m©V Ho$ë`m OmVmV qH$dm Ë`m§Mr Zo-AmU
Ho$cr OmVo, Ë`m OmhranUo àX{e©V Ho$ë`m OmVmV qH$dm H$moUË`mhr arVrZo àg¥V Ho$ë`m OmVmV ho ñdV:cm ‘mhrV
Amho qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU Amho Ë`m Y§ÚmV ^mJ KoB©c qH$dm Ë`mVyZ Z’$m {‘idrc, AWdm
(d) `m H$c‘mImcr AnamY Agcocr H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`m‘Üò EImXr ì`ŠVr Jw§Vcocr Amho qH$dm Jw§VÊ`mg V`ma
Amho AJa Aer H$moUVrhr Aícrc dñVy EImÚm ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z qH$dm {VÀ`m‘m’©$V n¡Xm H$aVm òVo Aer Om{hamV
H$arc qH$dm H$moUË`mhr gmYZmÛmao {d{hV H$arc, AWdm
(d) `m H$c‘mImcr AnamY Agcocr H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mMr V`mar XmIdrc qH$dm H$aÊ`mg à`ËZ H$arc,
Ë`mcm 3[n{hë`m Xmof{gÕrA§Vr, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
XmoZ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, Am{U Xwgè`m§Xm qH$dm Ë`mZ§Va Xmof{gÕr Pmë`mg, nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm nmM hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr
{ejm hmoB©c]>.
1. 1925 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr ho H$c‘ XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
2. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ho nmoQ>H$c‘ g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco d ‘yi H$c‘ 292 `mcm Ë`m H$c‘mMo nmoQ>H$c‘ Agm ZdrZ
H«$‘m§H$ XoÊ`mV Amcm.
3. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao {dd{jV eãXm§EodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
104 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
1
[AndmX.-(a) Oo H$moUVohr nwñVH$, nÌH$, H$mJX, {cImU, aoIU, a§J{MÌ, à{Vé{nV qH$dm AmH¥$Vr-
(i) emó, dmL²>‘` H$cm qH$dm {dÚm qH$dm gd©gmYmaU ñdmañ`mMo AÝ` {df` `m§Zm CnH$maH$ Amho `m
H$maUmdê$Z Ago nwñVH$, nÌH$, H$mJX, {cImU, aoIZ, a§J{MÌ, à{Vê$nU qH$dm AmH¥$Vr `mMo àH$meZ
cmoH${hVmW© åhUyZ g‘W©Zr` Agë`mMo em~rV Ho$co OmVo Vr, qH$dm
(ii) Ym{‘©H$ à`moOZm§H$aVm gX²^mdZmnyd©H$ R>odcr OmVo qH$dm dmnacr OmVo Vr,
(b) (i) àmMrZ ñ‘maHo$ Am{U nwamVËdr` ñWio d Adeof A{Y{Z`‘, 1958, (1958 Mm 24) `mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma Oo
H$moUVohr àmMrZ ñ‘maH$ Agoc, qH$dm
(ii) H$moUVohr ‘§{Xa qH$dm ‘yVuMr Zo-AmU H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnacr OmUmar AWdm H$moUË`mhr Ym{‘©H$ à`moOZmñVd
R>odcocr qH$dm dmnacr OmUmar H$moUVrhr JmS>r,
`mdarc qH$dm `m§‘Yrc {epënV, H$moard, qH$dm a§J{M{ÌV qH$dm AÝ`Wm à{Vê${nV Ago H$moUVohr à{Vê$nU, `mg ho H$c‘
cmJy hmoV Zmhr.]>
2
[293. Aícrc dñVy VéU ì`ŠVrcm {dH$Uo.- Omo H$moUr cJVnyd© H$c‘mV {ZÐo{ecocr Aer H$moUVrhr Aícrc dñVy
drg df} d`mImcrc H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {dHo$c, ^mS>çmZo XoB©c, {dV[aV H$arc, àX{e©V H$arc qH$dm {VÀ`mH$S>o àg¥V H$arc
Ë`mcm, 3[n{hë`m Xmof{gÕrAÝVr VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, Am{U
XmoZ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, Am{U Xwgè`m§Xm qH$dm Ë`mZ§Va Xmof{gÕr Pmë`mg, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr Am{U nmM hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr
{ejm hmoB©c.]>
4
[294. Aícrc H¥$Vr d JmUr.- Omo H$moUr, BVam§Zm Ìmg hmoB©c AemàH$mao-
(a) H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr H$moUVrhr Aícrc H¥$Vr H$arc, qH$dm
(b) H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr qH$dm Odinmg H$moUVohr Aícrc JmUo, cmdUr, nmodmS>m qH$dm eãX JmB©c, nmR>
åhUoc qH$dm Cƒmarc,
Ë`mcm VrZ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm
5
[294-A$.cm°Q>ar H$m`m©c` R>odUo.- Omo H$moUr, 6[ [7amÁ` cm°Q>ar]> qH$dm 8[amÁ`]> emgZmZo àm{YH¥$V Ho$cocr Aer
cm°Q>ar gmoSy>Z AÝ`]> H$moUË`mhr cm°Q>arMr gmoS>V H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r H$moUVohr H$m`m©c` qH$dm {R>H$mU R>odrc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`m Var EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ‘yi AndmXmEodOr hm AndmX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 36-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao {dd{jV eãXm§EodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
5. 1870 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 27-H$c‘ 10 Ûmao ho H$c‘ g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
6. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1937 Ûmao emgZmZo àm{YH¥$V Z Ho$coë`m `m ‘OHw$amEodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
7. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""H|$Ð emgZmZo qH$dm ^mJ H$ amÁ`mÀ`m AWdm ^mJ B amÁ`mÀ`m emgZmZo
Am`mo{OV Ho$cocr cm°Q>ar'' `m ‘OHw$amEodOr ho eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
8. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""àm§{VH$'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 105
Am{U Omo H$moUr, Aem H$moUË`mhr cm°Q>ar‘Üò H$moUVohr {VH$sQ>, {MÆ>çm, H«$‘m§H$ qH$dm AmH$S>m H$mT>Ê`mer g§~§{YV Agcocr
qH$dm Ë`mg cmJy hmoUmar H$moUVrhr KQ>Zm qH$dm àg§J KS>ë`mg, H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ’$m`ÚmgmR>r H$moUVrhr a¸$‘ XoÊ`mMm
qH$dm H$moUVmhr ‘mc ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm Vr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mnmgyZ namd¥V amhÊ`mMm H$moUVmhr
àñVmd àH$m{eV H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.]>
àH$aU 15 doo : Y‘mªg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
295. H$moUË`mhr dJm©À`m Y‘m©Mm An‘mZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo CnmgZmñWmZmMo ZwH$gmZ H$aUo qH$dm Vo An{dÌ
H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr Bg‘mZo H$moUVohr CnmgZmñWmZ qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrdJm©Zo n{dÌ ‘mZcocr H$moUVrhr dñVy Zï> Ho$cr,
Ë`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Ho$co qH$dm Vr An{dÌ Ho$cr d Ë`m`moJo H$moUË`mhr ì`pŠVdJm©À`m Y‘m©Mm An‘mZ H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc
AWdm `mà‘mUo Zme qH$dm ZwH$gmZ H$aUo qH$dm An{dÌ H$aUo hm Amnë`m Y‘m©Mm An‘mZ Amho Ago EImÚm ì`ŠVrdJm©cm dmQ>Uo
g§^dZr` Agë`mMr Ë`m Bg‘mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
1
[295-A$. H$moUË`mhr dJm©À`m Y‘m©Mm qH$dm Ym{‘©H$ lÕm§Mm An‘mZ H$ê$Z Ym{‘©H$ ^mdZm§da AË`mMma H$aÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo ~w{Õnwañga d Xwï> CÔoemZo H¥$Vr H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr 2[^maVmÀ`m ZmJ[aH$m§n¡H$s]> H$moUË`mhr dJm©À`m Ym{‘©H$ ^mdZm§da
AË`mMma H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~w{Õnwañga d Ñï> CÔoemZo, 3[Vm|S>r qH$dm coIr eãXm§Zr, AWdm {MÝhm§Ûmao AWdm Ñí` à{Vê$nUm§Ûmao qH$dm
AÝ`Wm]> Ë`m dJm©À`m Y‘m©Mm qH$dm Ym{‘©H$ lÕm§Mm An‘mZ H$arc qH$dm An‘mZ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc, 4[VrZ dfmªn`ªV]> Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.]>
296. Ym{‘©H$ O‘mdmg, ì`Ë`` AmUUo.- Omo H$moUr Ym{‘©H$ CnmgZm qH$dm Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV H$m`XoeranUo
Jw§Vcoë`m O‘mdmg, ì`Ë`` AmUrc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
297. nwaÊ`mÀ`m OmJm, BË`mXr {R>H$mUr A{VH«$‘U.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ^mdZm XwImdÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m Y‘m©Mm An‘mZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ^mdZm XwImdë`m OmÊ`mMm g§^d Amho
qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m Y‘m©Mm An‘mZ hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `m Om{UdoZo,
H$moUË`mhr CnmgZmñWmZr qH$dm H$moUË`mhr X’$ZmÀ`m OmJr qH$dm A§Ë`g§ñH$ma nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r AJa ‘¥VmÀ`m Adeofm§Mo
{ZjonñWmZ åhUyZ AcJ amIcoë`m H$moUË`mhr OmJr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao A{VH«$‘U H$arc qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ‘mZdr edmMr H$emhr
àH$mao Aà{Vð>m H$arc qH$dm A§Ë`g§ñH$ma nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r O‘coë`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVtZm ì`Ë`` AmUrc.
Ë`mcm EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
298. Ym{‘©H$ ^mdZm XwImdÊ`mÀ`m ~w{Õnwañga CÔoemZo eãX CƒmaUo B.- Omo H$moUr, H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m Ym{‘©H$
^mdZm XwImdÊ`mÀ`m ~¥{Õnwañga CÔoemZo, Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$mZmda nS>oc Aem VèhoZo H$moUVmhr eãX Cƒmarc qH$dm H$moUVmhr
AmdmO H$mT>rc AWdm Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ZOaog nS>oc Aem VèhoZo H$moUVohr hmd^md H$arc qH$dm Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ZOaog CÔoemZo
eãX nS>oc Aem VèhoZo H$moUVrhr dñVy R>odrc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m

2. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""{hO ‘±OoñQ>rÀ`m àOmOZm§n¡H$s'' `m eãXm§EodOr ho eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
3. 1961 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 41-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao {dd{jV eãXm§EodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
4. 1961 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 41-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao ""XmoZ df}'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
106 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
àH$aU 16 do
‘mZdr earamg ~mYH$ hmoUmè`m AnamYm§{df`r Or{dVmg ~mYH$ hmoUmè`m AnamYm§{df`r
299. gXmof ‘Zwî` dY.- ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {OÀ`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Amho Aer emar[aH$ jVr
nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm EImÚm H¥$Vr‘wio AmnU ‘¥Ë`yg H$maUr^yV hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Omo H$moUr
Aer H¥$Vr H$ê$Z ‘¥Ë`yg H$maUr^yV hmoVmo Vmo gXmof ‘Zwî`dYmMm AnamY' H$aVmo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ EH$m IÈ>çmda H$mS>çm d JdV Q>mHy$Z R>odVmo, Ë`m`moJo ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUmdm Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Amho qH$dm ‘¥Ë`y
KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Amho `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Amho, O‘rZ n¸$s Amho Ago g‘OyZ "¶' Ë`mdê$Z MmcV OmVmo Am{U
Ë`mV nSy>Z ‘aVmo. "H$'$ Zo gXmof ‘Zwî`dYmMm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
(b) "¶' PwS>nm§À`m ‘mJo Agë`mMo "H$'$cm ‘mhrV Amho. "I' cm Vo ‘mhrV Zmhr. "¶'Mm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo qH$dm Vmo KS>dyZ òÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "H$'$hm "I' cm PwS>nmda Jmoir PmS>Ê`mg
àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "I' Jmoir PmS>Vmo d "¶' cm ‘maVmo. `m~m~VrV "I' hm H$moUË`mhr AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Zgoc, nU
"H$'$ Zo ‘mÌ gXmof ‘Zwî`dYmMm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
(c) "H$'$ Zo EH$m nú`mcm ‘maÊ`mÀ`m d Mmoê$Z ZoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Jmoir PmS>ë`m‘wio PwS>nmAmS> Agcocm "I' ‘macm
OmVmo. Vmo {VH$S>o Agë`mMo "H$'$cm ‘mhrV ZìhVo. `m~m~VrV, Oa "H$'$ ~oH$m`Xoera H¥$Ë` H$aV Agcm Var Vmo
‘Zwî`dYmMm Xmofr ZìhVm, H$maU Ë`mMm "I' cm ‘maÊ`mMm qH$dm Á`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMo
AmnUm§g ‘mhrV Amho Aer H¥$Vr H$ê$Z ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe ZìhVm.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- Or ì`ŠVr EImXm {dH$ma, amoJ qH$dm emar[aH$ Xw~©cVm `m§Zr nN>mS>coë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrcm emar[aH$ jVr
nmohmoMdrc, d Ë`m`moJo Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y A{YH$ cdH$a KS>dyZ AmUrc {VZo Ë`m ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUcm Ago
‘mZco OmB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- emar[aH$ jVr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òB©c Ë`m~m~VrV, `mo½` BcmO d CnMma H$m¡eë` `m§Mm Adc§~ Ho$cm AgVm
Va ‘¥Ë`y Q>icm AgVm Ago Agco Var, Aer jVr nmoMdUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUcm Ago ‘mZco OmB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU 3.- ‘mVoÀ`m J^m©Vrc {OdmMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUUo hm ‘Zwî`dY Zmhr. nU Ë`m {OdmMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ ~mhoa
H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm Agoc Va, Ë`mZo ídmgmoÀN>dmg Ho$cm Zgcm qH$dm Vmo nyU©nUo OÝ‘mcm Amcm Zgcm Var Ë`m {Od§V ~mcH$mMm
‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUUo ho gXmof ‘Zwî`dY `m gXamV ‘moSy> eHo$c.
300. IyZ.- `mV `mnwT>o dJicocr àH$aUo IoarOH$ê$Z Eaìhr,-
EH$ :-Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Vr H¥$Vr ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cocr Agoc Va, qH$dm
XmoZ :-{Ocm Anm` H$aÊ`mV Amcm Ë`m ì`ŠVrMm Or‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr AnamÜ`mcm OmUrd Amho
Aer emar[aH$ jVr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Vr H¥$Vr Ho$cr Agoc Va, qH$dm
VrZ :-Vr H¥$Vr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg emar[aH$ jVr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cocr AgyZ Or emar[aH$ jVr nmoMdÊ`mMm
CÔoe Amho Vr ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mg gm‘mÝ` Z¡g{J©H$ H«$‘mZwgma nwaoer Agoc Va, qH$dm
Mma :-Ë`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo qH$dm Or‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aer emar[aH$ jVr nmoMUo ho gd©Wm
g§^dZr` Amho BVH$s Vr ^`§H$a YmoŠ`mMr Amho, `m~Ôc H¥$Vr H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrcm OmUrd Agoc Am{U ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm
nydm}ŠV Aer jVr KS>Ê`mMm YmoH$m AmoT>dyZ KoÊ`mg H$moUVohr {Z{‘Îm ZgVmZm {VZo Aer H¥$Vr Ho$cr Agoc Va,
gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm IyZ AgVmo.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 107
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ hm "¶' cm ‘maÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ë`mÀ`mda Jmoir PmS>Vmo. n[aUm‘r "¶' ‘aVmo. "H$'$ IyZ H$aVmo.
(b) EImÚm R>moemZo "¶' Mm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aem amoJmZo Vmo nN>mS>cocm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm "H$'
Ë`mcm emar[aH$ jVr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo R>mogm hmUVmo. Ë`m R>moímm‘wio "¶' ‘¥Ë`y nmdVmo. gm‘mÝ` Z¡g{J©H$
H«$‘mZwgma Vmo R>mogm EImÚm YS>YmH$Q> àH¥$VrÀ`m ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mg nwaogm Zgcm Varhr, "H$'$ hm
IwZm~Ôc Xmofr Amho. nU Oa "¶' hm EImÚm amoJmZo nN>mS>cocm Amho ho ‘mhrV ZgVmZm "H$' Zo gm‘mÝ` Z¡g{J©H$
H«$‘mZwgma Á`m‘wio YS>YmH$Q> àH¥$VrÀ`m ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>Uma Zmhr Agm R>mogm hmUcm Am{U Aem ~m~VrV ‘¥Ë`y
qH$dm gm‘mÝ` Z¡g{J©H$ H«$‘mZwgma Or‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òD$ eHo$c Aer emar[aH$ jVr nmohmoMdÊ`mMm "H$'$ Mm CÔoe
Zgoc Va, emar[aH$ jVr nmoMdÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agcm Var, Vmo IwZm~Ôc Xmofr hmoV Zmhr.
(c) gm‘mÝ` Z¡g{J©H$ H«$‘mZwgma ‘mUgmMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mBVnV nwaogo hmoB©c AemàH$mao "H$'$ hm "¶' da
VcdmarMm dma H$aVmo qH$dm Ë`mcm X§Sw>Š`mZo OI‘ H$aVmo. n[aUm‘r "¶' ‘aU nmdVmo. `m ~m~VrV, "¶' Mm ‘¥Ë`y
KS>dyZ AmUmdm Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe Zgcm Varhr Vmo IwZm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(d) H$moUVohr {Z{‘Îm ZgVmZm "H$'$‘mUgm§À`m g‘wXm`mda âcocr ~§XyH$ CS>dVmo d Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s EH$OU ‘macm OmVmo.
H$moUË`mhr {d{eï> ‘mUgmcm ‘mamdo Agm "H$'$ Mm nyd©g§H$pënV ~oV Zgcm Varhr, Vmo IwZm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm Ho$ìhm IyZ Zìho.- AndmX 1.- J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$ H$maUm‘wio ñdV:daMm Vm~m gwQ>cm
AgVm AnamYr Oa, Á`m ì`ŠVrZo àjmo{^V Ho$co {VÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maUr^yV Pmcm AWdm MwH$sZo qH$dm AnKmVmZo AÝ` H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maUr^yV Pmcm Va, gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm IyZ hmoV Zmhr.
darc AndmX hm nwT>rc na§VwH$m§Zm AYrZ Amho:-
n{hco- àjmo^H$maU ho AnamÜ`mZo EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm R>ma ‘maÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm {Vcm Anm` H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Z{‘Îm åhUyZ
emoYcoco Zgmdo qH$dm BÀN>mnyd©H$ CH$ê$Z H$mT>coco Zgmdo.
Xwgao- H$m`ÚmMo nmcZ åhUyZ Ho$coë`m qH$dm EImÚm cmoH$godH$mZo Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnë`m A{YH$mamMm H$m`Xoera
dmna H$ê$Z Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>r‘wio àjmo^Z Pmcoco Zgmdo.
{Vgao- ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m h¸$mMm H$m`Xoera dmna H$aVmZm Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>r‘wio àjmo^Z Pmcoco
Zgmdo.
ñnï>rH$aU.-AnamY hm IyZ `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Ê`mBVnV Vo àjmo^H$maU J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ hmoVo qH$dm H$m` hm
VÏ`{df`H$ àíZ Amho.
CXmhaUo
(a) "¶'Zo àjmo{^V Ho$ë`m‘wio g§Vá hmoD$Z H«$moYmÀ`m âmV "H$'hm "¶'Mo ‘yc "‘'`mcm CÔoenyd©H$ R>ma ‘maVmo. hm IyZ
Amho, H$maU ‘wcmZo àjmo{^V Ho$coco Zmhr d àjmo^Zm‘wio CX²^dcoco H¥$Ë` H$aVmZm AnKmVmZo qH$dm XwX£dmZo ‘wcmMm
‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcocm Zmhr.
(b) "‘'hm "H$'cm J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ H$maUmZo àjmo{^V H$aVmo. "H$'`m àjmo^Zm‘wio "‘da {nñVyc PmS>Vmo d Ë`mÀ`m
Odinmg Agcoë`m nU ZOaoÀ`m Q>ßß`m~mhoa Agcoë`m "¶'cm ‘maÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe ZgVmZm, VgoM Amnë`m
hmVyZ Vmo ‘macm OmÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMrhr OmUrd ZgVmZm Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z "¶'‘macm OmVmo. `m ~m~VrV, "H$'Zo
IyZ Ho$cocm Zmhr, nU ’$ŠV gXmof ‘Zwî`dY Ho$cocm Amho.
108 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(c) "H$'cm "¶'`m ~o{c’$mH$Sy>Z H$m`XoeranUo AQ>H$ Pmcr Amho. "H$'AQ>Ho$‘wio AmH$pñ‘H$nUo d H«$moYmdoJmZo g§Vá
hmoD$Z "¶'cm R>ma ‘maVmo. hm IyZ Amho, H$maU cmoH$godH$mZo Amnë`m A{YH$mam§Mm dmna H$aVmZm Ho$coë`m Jmoï>r‘wio
àjmo^Z Pmco hmoVo.
(d) "H$'hm "¶'øm X§S>m{YH$mè`mnwT>o gmjrXma åhUyZ CnpñWV hmoVmo. "¶'Ago åhUVmo H$s, ""H$'À`m O~mZrVrc H$moUË`mhr
eãXmda ‘mPm {dœmg Zmhr d "H$'Zo enWoda ImoQ>r gmj {Xcr Amho.'' `m eãXm‘wio "H$'cm AmH$pñ‘H$nUo MrS>
òD$Z Vmo "¶'cm R>ma ‘maVmo. hm IyZ Amho.
(e) "H$'hm "¶'Mo ZmH$ AmoT>Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo, Vgo H$aÊ`mg Ë`mcm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r "¶'ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd
H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ dmnê$Z "H$'cm nH$S>rV YaVmo. n[aUm‘r, AmH$pñ‘H$nUo "H$'cm H«$moYmdoJ òD$Z Vmo "¶'cm R>ma
‘maVmo. hm IyZ Amho, H$maU ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ ~OmdV AgVmZm Ho$coë`m Jmoï>r‘wio àjmo^Z Pmco
hmoVo.
(f) "¶'hm "~' cm VS>mIm hmUVmo, `m àjmo^H$maUm‘wio "I' cm ^`§H$a g§Vmn òVmo. ~mOycm C^m Agcocm "H$'hm "I'
À`m g§VmnmMm ’$m`Xm KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`mH$adr "¶'cm R>ma ‘maÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo, Ë`mgmR>r "I' À`m hmVmV MmHy$ XoVmo.
"I' hm "¶'cm MmHy$Zo ^mogHy$Z R>ma ‘maVmo. `m ~m~VrV "I' Zo ’$ŠV gXmof ‘Zwî`dY Ho$cm Agoc, nU "H$'hm
IwZm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
AndmX 2.- earamMm qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ gX²^mdnyd©H$ ~OmdV AgVmZm Oa AnamÜ`mZo
AmnUm§g H$m`ÚmZo {Xcoë`m A{YH$mamMm A{VH«$‘ Ho$cm d {OÀ`m{déÕ Vmo Agm ~MmdmMm h¸$ ~OmdV Amho {VÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg Vmo,
Vgo nyd©{Z`mo{OV ZgVmZm d Aem ~MmdmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agoc Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ Anm` H$aÊ`mMm CÔoe ZgVmZm H$maUr^yV Pmcm
Va, gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm IyZ hmoV Zmhr.
CXmhaU
"¶' hm "H$'$ cm KmoS>çmÀ`m Mm~H$mZo ‘maÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo, nU "H$'$ cm O~a XwImnV hmoB©c Aem arVrZo Zìho. "H$'$
{nñVyc ~mhoa H$mT>Vmo. "¶' h‘cm ZoQ>mZo Mmcy R>odVmo. AmnU AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ‘mJm©Zo Mm~H$mMm ‘ma MwH$dy eH$V Zmhr Ago
gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OyZ "H$' hm "¶' cm Jmoir KmcyZ ‘maVmo. "H$'$ Zo IyZ Ho$cocm Zmhr, Va ZwgVm gXmof ‘Zwî`dY Ho$cocm Amho.
AndmX 3.- gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`m`mÀ`m A{^d¥ÕrH$aVm H$m`© H$aUmam Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ qH$dm Aem cmoH$godH$mcm
gmhmæ` H$aV AgVmZm Oa AnamÜ`mZo AmnUm§g H$m`ÚmZo {Xcoë`m A{YH$mam§Mm A{VH«$‘ Ho$cm Am{U Or H¥$Vr H$m`Xoera d
Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` `Wm`mo½`nUo nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Amho Ago Vmo gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OVmo Vr H¥$Vr
Ho$ë`mZo Vmo EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg, {VÀ`m{df`r Xwï>^md ZgVmZm H$maUr^yV Pmcm Va, gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm IyZ hmoV Zmhr.
AndmX 4.- AmH$pñ‘H$ ^m§S>UmVyZ g§VmnmÀ`m âmV AmH$pñ‘H$nUo ‘mam‘mar gwê$ Pmcr AgVm nyd©{Z`mo{OV ZgVmZm d
AnamÜ`mZo J¡a’$m`Xm KoVcocm ZgVmZm qH$dm Vmo H«y$anUo d AdmOdr arVrZo dmJcocm ZgVmZm gXmof ‘Zwî`dY Pmcm Va, Vmo IyZ
hmoV Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU :-Aem àH$aUr, H$moUË`m njmZo àjmo^Z Ho$co qH$dm H$moUr àW‘ h‘cm Ho$cm hr ~m~ Jm¡U Amho.
AndmX 5.- {OMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Vr ì`ŠVr AR>am dfm©darc d`mMr AgyZ {VZo ñdV:À`m g§‘VrZo ‘¥Ë`y nËH$acm Agoc
qH$dm ‘¥Ë`yMm YmoH$m nËH$acm Agoc Va, gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm IyZ hmoV Zmhr.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 109
CXmhaU
"H$'$ BÀN>mnyd©H$ 18 dfm©Imcrc d`mÀ`m "¶' øm ì`ŠVrcm {MWmdUr XoD$Z AmË‘hË`m H$am`cm cmdVmo. `m ~m~VrV "¶'
Aënd`rZ Agë`m‘wio ñdV:À`m ‘¥Ë`ycm g§‘Vr XoÊ`mg Vmo Aj‘ Amho. åhUyZ "H$'$Zo IwZmcm AnàoaUm {Xcr Ago hmoVo.
301. Á`m ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUUo CÔo{eV hmoVo Ë`mhÿZ AÝ` ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mZo gXmof
‘Zwî`dY.- Á`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z `mdm Agm ñdV:Mm CÔoe Amho qH$dm Vgo g§^dZr` Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd Amho Aer
H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$ê$Z Oa EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo, {OMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUUo ñdV:cm CÔo{eV Zmhr qH$dm AmnU Ë`mg H$maU hmoÊ`mMm
g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd Zmhr Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoD$Z gXmof ‘Zwî`dY Ho$cm Va, AnamÜ`mZo
Ho$cocm gXmof ‘Zwî`dY hm, AnamÜ`mcm {OMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dUo CÔo{eV hmoVo qH$dm AmnU Ë`mg H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr
Ë`mcm OmUrd hmoVr {VMm ‘¥Ë`y Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z KS>cm AgVm Va Á`m dU©ZmMm Pmcm AgVm Ë`m dU©ZmMm Vmo R>aVmo.
302. IwZm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr IyZ H$arc Ë`mcm, ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo
303. OÝ‘R>on H¡$Úm§Zr Ho$coë`m IwZm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejmXoemg AYrZ AgyZ IyZ
H$arc Ë`mcm, ‘¥Ë`yMr {ejm hmoB©c.
304. IyZ `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umè`m gXmof ‘Zwî`dYm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr IyZ `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umam gXmof
‘Zwî`dY H$arc Ë`mcm, Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Agoc Vr H¥$Vr ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Á`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z
òÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aer emar[aH$ jVr H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$cr Agoc Va, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`©V Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
qH$dm, Ë`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òÊ`mMm g§^d Amho hr OmUrd AgyZ, nU ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm qH$dm Or ‘¥Ë`ycm H$maU
hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aer emar[aH$ jVr KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm CÔoe ZgVmZm Vr H¥$Vr Ho$cocr Agoc Va, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
2
[304-A h`J`rZo ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoUo.- Omo H$moUr gXmof ‘Zwî`dY `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umar H$moUVrhr ~oXaH$ma qH$dm
h`J`rMr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoB©c Ë`mcm XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.]>
3
[304-B. hþ§S>m~ir.- (1) {ddmh Pmë`mnmgyZ gmV dfmªÀ`m AmV EImÚm órMm ‘¥Ë`y, ^mOyZ AJa ‘aUmg H$maU
emar[aH$ OI‘m§‘wio gd©gmYmaU n[apñWVrnojm doJù`m n[apñWVrV KS>cm Amho Am{U Ago XmI{dÊ`mV Amco H$s, {VÀ`m
‘¥Ë`ynydu {Vcm {VÀ`m Zdè`mH$Sy>Z AJa Zdè`mMo H$moUË`mhr ZmVodmB©H$m§H$Sy>Z H«y$anUo dmJ{dÊ`mV òV hmoVo AJa Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z
OmM hmoV Ago Am{U Ë`mMo H$maU hþ§S>çmMr ‘mJUr nyU© H$amdr, ho hmoVo Va Aem ‘¥Ë`yg hþ§S>m~ir Ago åhUmdo Am{U Aem Zdè`mZo
d ZmVodmB©H$m§ZrM {VMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>{dcm Ago åhUVm òB©c.
Iwcmgm - darc nmoQ>H$c‘ 1 H$[aVm hþ§S>m `mMm AW© hw§S>m à{V~§YH$ H$m`Xm, 1961 ‘Yrc H«$‘m§H$ 2 à‘mUo Amho.
(2) Omo H$moUr hþ§S>m~ir KS>{dc Ë`mcm gmV dfmªnojm H$‘r Zmhr BVH$s H¡$XoMr {ejm hmoB©c, na§Vw Aer {ejm AmOÝ‘
H$mamdmg Agy eHo$c.]
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26, H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
OmZodmar 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
3. 1986 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 43, H$c‘ 10 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco. (19-11-1986 nmgyZ A‘bmV)
110 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
305. ~mcH$mÀ`m qH$dm ^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVrÀ`m AmË‘hËòcm AnàaoUm XoUo.- Oa H$moUVrhr AR>am dfm©Imcrc d`mMr
ì`ŠVr, H$moUVrhr ^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVr, H$moUVrhr CÝ‘mXdm`y Pmcocr ì`ŠVr, H$moUVrhr {Z~w©Õ ì`ŠVr, qH$dm H$moUVrhr ZeoÀ`m
AdñWoVrc ì`ŠVr {hZo AmË‘hË¶m Ho$cr Va, Á`m H$moUr Aer AmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mg AnàoaUm {Xcr Agoc Ë`mcm ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm
1
[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm OmñVrV OmñV Xhm df} BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
306. AmË‘hËòcm AnàoaUm XoUo.- Oa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo AmË‘hË`m Ho$cr Va, Á`m H$moUr Aer AmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mcm
AnàoaUm {Xcr Agoc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c,
Am{U Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
307. IwZmMm à`ËZ H$aUo.- Á`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Om{UdoZo Am{U Á`m n[apñWVrV H$moUr EImXr H¥$Vr Ho$cr AgVm ‘¥Ë`y
KSy>Z Amcm Va Vmo IwZm~Ôc Xmofr R>aoc Vem CÔoemZo qH$dm Om{UdoZo Am{U Vem n[apñWVrV, Omo H$moUr Vr H¥$Vr H$arc Ë`mcm,
Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c
Am{U Aem H¥$Vr‘wio H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV Pmcr Va, AnamYr 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmg]>, qH$dm `mV `mnydu C„opIcoë`m
Aem {ejog nmÌ hmoB©c.
OÝ‘R>on H¡$Úm§Zr {gÕ Ho$coco à`ËZ.- 2[`m H$c‘mImcrc AnamY H$aUmar EImXr ì`ŠVr 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejm
^moJV Agoc Ë`m àH$aUr, Oa XwImnV KSy>Z Amcr Va Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm ‘¥Ë`yMr {ejm hmoD$ eHo$c.]>
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm " ` ' cm R>ma ‘maÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ë`mÀ`mda Aem n[apñWVrV Jmoir PmS>Vmo H$s, Oa Ë`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z
Amcm Va "H$' IwZm~Ôc Xmofr hmoD$ eHo$c. "H$' `m H$c‘mImcrc {ejog nmÌ Amho.
(b) H$modù`m d`mÀ`m ~mcH$mMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' Ë`mcm EH$m {ZO©Z {R>H$mUr CKS>çmda Q>mH$Vmo.
Ë`m‘wio ~mcH$mMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Zmhr Var, `m H$c‘mÛmao ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY "H$' Zo Ho$cm Amho.
(c) "`' Mm IyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' EH$ ~§XyH$ IaoXr H$aVmo d VrV ~ma âVmo. "H$' Zo AÚmn AnamY Ho$cocm
Zmhr. "H$' hm "`' da ~§XyH$ PmS>Vmo. `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ë`mZo Ho$cocm Amho, Am{U Oa
Aem Jmoir~mamV Ë`mZo "`' cm OI‘r Ho$co Va `m H$c‘mÀ`m 3[ n{hë`m n[aÀN>oXmÀ`m ] Z§VaÀ`m ^mJmÛmao Cn~§{YV
Ho$coë`m {ejog Vmo nmÌ Amho.
(d) "H$' hm "`' cm {df XoD$Z Ë`mMm IyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {df IaoXr H$ê$Z Vo AÞmV {‘giVmo. Vo AÞ "H$' H$S>o
amhVo. `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY "H$' Zo AÚmn Ho$cocm Zmhr. "H$' Vo AÞ "`' À`m Q>o~cmda
R>odVmo qH$dm Vo "`' À`m Q>o~cmda R>odÊ`mgmR>r "`' À`m ZmoH$amÀ`m ñdmYrZ H$aVmo. `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV
Amcocm AnamY "H$' Zo Ho$cocm Amho.
308. gXmof ‘Zwî`dY H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo.- Á`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Om{UdoZo Am{U Á`m n[apñWVrV H$moUr EImXr H¥$Vr
Ho$cr AgVm, ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Va Vmo IyZ `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umè`m gXmof ‘Zwî`dYm~Ôc Xmofr R>aoc Vem CÔoemZo qH$dm Om{UdoZo
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm. (1
OmZodmar 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ)
3. 1891 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 12- H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr XmoZ `mÛmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 111
Am{U Vem n[apñWVrV Omo H$moUr Vr H¥$Vr H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc Am{U Aem H¥$Vr‘wio H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV Pmcr Va, Ë`mcm
gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaU
"H$' J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$maUm‘wio "¶' da Aem n[apñWVrV {nñVyc PmS>Vmo H$s, Oa Vmo Ë`m‘wio ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU
Pmcm Va, Vmo IyZ `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umè`m gXmof ‘Zwî`dYm~Ôc Xmofr hmoD$ eHo$c. `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm
AnamY "H$' Zo Ho$cocm Amho.
309. AmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr AmË‘hËòMm à`ËZ H$arc Am{U Agm AnamY KS>Ê`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo
H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, 1[qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc]>.
310. R>J- IwZmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo qH$dm IwZmVrc O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm ‘wco Mmoê$Z ZoÊ`mMm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r Omo
H$moUr hm A{Y{Z`‘ nm[aV Pmë`mZ§Va Ho$ìhmhr AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrer qH$dm ì`ŠVter Zoh‘r g§JV R>odrc Vmo R>J hmo`.
311. {ejm.- Omo H$moUr R>J Agoc Ë`mcm 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUUo, AOmV J^© {Odm§Zm jVr nmoMdUo, A^©H$m§Zm CKS>çmda Q>mH$Uo Am{U
AnËÒÝ‘mMr cndUyH$ H$aUo
312. J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUUo.- Omo H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ EImÚm J^©dVr órMm J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUrc, Ë`mZo Oa Agm
J^©òmd Ë`m órMm Ord dmMdÊ`mgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ KS>dyZ AmUcocm Zgoc Va, VrZ df} n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc, Am{U Oa Vr ór ñn§{XVJ^m© Agoc Va,
gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU- Or ór ñdV:Mm J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUVo Vr `m H$c‘mÀ`m AW©H$joV òVo.
313. órÀ`m g§‘Vr{edm` J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUUo.- Omo H$moUr cJVnyd© H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY
Ë`m órÀ`m-‘J Vr ór ñn§{XVJ^m© Agmo dm Zgmo-g§‘Vr{edm` H$arc Ë`mcm, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
314. J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$coë`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo.- Oa H$moUr EImÚm J^©dVr órcm
J^©òmd KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr Ho$cr d {VÀ`m‘wio Aem órMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Va Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c;
Vr H¥$Vr órÀ`m g§‘Vr{emdm` Ho$cr Agë`mg.- Am{U Oa Vr H¥$Vr Ë`m órÀ`m g§‘Vr{edm` Ho$cocr Agoc Va, Ë`mcm
EH$ Va 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm da Z‘yX Ho$cocr {ejm hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU.- `m AnamYmgmR>r, Ë`m H¥$Vr‘wio ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òUo ho g§^dZr` Amho `mMr AnamÜ`mcm OmUrd Agcr nm{hOo
Aer Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr.
1. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 7 Ûmao ""Am{U VgoM Ðì`X§S>mMrhr {ejm hmoB©c'' `m ‘OHw$amEodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV
Amcm.
2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
112 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
315. ‘yc {Od§V OÝ‘mcm òÊ`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm OÝ‘mZ§Va Ë`mMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
Ho$cocr H¥$Vr.- EImÚm ‘wcmÀ`m OÝ‘mnydu, Omo H$moUr Vo ‘yc {Od§V OÝ‘Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m OÝ‘mZ§Va
Ë`mMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc Am{U Aem H¥$Vr‘wio Ë`m ‘wcmcm {Od§V OÝ‘Ê`mcm à{V~§Y
H$arc qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m OÝ‘mZ§Va Ë`mMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUrc Ë`mcm, Oa Vr H¥$Vr AmB©Mm Ord dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$
Ho$cocr Zgoc Va, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr {§H§$dm
316. gXmof ‘Zwî`dY `m gXamV ‘moS>Umè`m H¥$VrÛmao, ñn§XZ nmdUmè`m AOmV J^©OrdmMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUUo.- Oa
H$moUr Aem n[apñWVrV EImXr H¥$Vr H$arc H$s, Ë`m‘wio Oa Vmo ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU Pmcm Va Vmo gXmof ‘Zwî`dYm~Ôc Xmofr hmoD$
eHo$c, Am{U Aem H¥$Vr‘wio, ñnX§Z nmdUmè`m J^©OrdmMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Va Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
CXmhaU
AmnU J^©dVr órÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "H$' Aer H¥$Vr H$aVmo H$s, Ë`m‘wio Ë`m
órMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z Amcm Va Vmo gXmof ‘Zwî`dY `m gXamV ‘moS>oc. Ë`m órcm BOm nmohmoMVo, nU {VMm ‘¥Ë`y hmoV Zmhr, nU
Ë`m‘wio {VÀ`m J^m©Vrc ñn§XZ nmdUmè`m AOmV J^©OrdmMm ‘¥Ë`y KSy>Z òVmo. "H$' hm `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcoë`m
AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
317. ~mam dfmªImcrc ‘wcmcm Ë`mÀ`m AmB©-dm-~mnmZo qH$dm {OÀ`mH$S>o Ë`mMr XoI^mc Amho Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo CKS>çmda
Q>mH$Uo Am{U Ë`mMm n[aË`mJ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr, ñdV: ~mam dfmªImcrc ‘wcmMm ~mn qH$dm AmB© AgyZ, qH$dm ñdV:H$S>o Aem
‘wcmMr XoI^mc AgyZ, Aem ‘wcmMm g§nyU©V: n[aË`mJ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ë`m ‘wcmcm H$moUË`mhr OmJr CKS>çmda Q>mH$sc qH$dm
Ë`mcm gmoSy>Z XoB©c Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr
ñnï>rH$aU- `mà‘mUo CKS>çmda Q>mH$ë`mMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ Vo ‘yc ‘¥Ë`y nmdco Va IwZm~Ôc qH$dm àH$aUnaËdo, gXmof
‘Zwî`dYm~Ôc AnamÜ`mMr g§narjm hmoÊ`mcm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r ho H$c‘ `moOcoco Zmhr.
318. ‘¥VXohmMr JwánUo {dëhodmQ> cmdyZ AnËÒÝ‘mMr cndUyH$ H$aUo.- EImÚm ‘wcmMm ‘¥VXoh ‘J Vo ‘yc Ë`mÀ`m
OÝ‘mÀ`m nydu ‘ococo Agmo qH$dm OÝ‘mZ§Va Agmo qH$dm OÝ‘ hmoV AgVmZm ‘ococo Agmo JwánUo nwê$Z qH$dm Ë`mMr AÝ`àH$mao
{dëhodmQ> cmdyZ, Omo H$moUr Aem ‘wcmMm OÝ‘ Pmë`mMo CÔoenyd©H$ cndyZ R>odrc qH$dm cn{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
XwImnVr{df`r
319. XwImnV.- Omo H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m R>m`r emar[aH$ doXZm, amoJ qH$dm {dH$cVm {Z‘m©U H$aVmo Vmo XwImnV
nmoMdVmo Ago åhUVmV.
320. O~a XwImnV.- nwT>rc àH$maÀ`m XwImnVr `mM ’$ŠV O~a åhUyZ {ZX}{eV H$aÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV :
n{hcr - nw§ñËdhaU.
Xwgar - H$moUË`mhr S>moiçmÀ`m ÑH$eŠVrMm H$m`‘Mm {dÀN>oX H$aUo.
{Vgar - H$moUË`mhr H$mZmÀ`m ldUeŠVrMm H$m`‘Mm {dÀN>oX H$aUo.
MdWr - H$moUVmhr Ad`d qH$dm gm§Ym `m§nmgyZ {dÀN>oX H$aUo.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 113
nmMdr - H$moUVmhr Ad`d qH$dm gm§Ym `m§Mm eŠVtMm Zme qH$dm Ë`mV H$m`‘Mm {~KmS> H$aUo.
ghmdr - ‘ñVH$ qH$dm Moham H$m`‘Mm {dÐyn H$aUo.
gmVdr - hmS> qH$dm XmV ‘moS>Uo qH$dm {ZIidUo.
AmR>dr - Á`m XwImnVr‘wio Or{dV YmoŠ`mV òVo AWdm nr{S>V ì`ŠVrcm drg {Xdg BVH$m H$mi Xw:gh emar[aH$ doXZm
ghZ H$amdr cmJVo qH$dm {VMo Zoh‘rMo ì`dgm` Mmcy R>odUo AeŠ` hmoVo Aer H$moUVrhr XwImnV.
321. BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdUo - Oa H$moUr EImXr H¥$Vr Ho$cr AgyZ Ë`m`moJo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV ìhmdr
Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m`moJo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV nmoMÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Aer Ë`mcm
OmUrd Agoc Am{U Ë`m`moJo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV nmoMÊ`mg Vmo H$maU Pmcm Agoc Va, Vmo BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdVmo
Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
322. BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdUo.- Omo H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdVmo Ë`mMm Or XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm CÔoe
Amho qH$dm Or XwImnV hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Amho Vr Oa O~a XwImnV Agoc Am{U
Vmo Á`m XwImnVrg H$maU hmoVmo Vr O~a XwImnV Agoc Va, Vmo BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU - Á`m ~m~VrV EImXm Bg‘ O~a XwImnV nmoMÊ`mg H$maU Pmcm Amho Am{U O~a XwImnV nmoM{dÊ`mMm
Ë`mMm CÔoe Amho qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrdhr Amho `m XmoÝhr Jmoï>r AgVrc VodT>o
IoarOH$ê$Z Eaìhr, Vmo BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdVmo Ago åhQ>co OmV Zmhr. nU Oa EH$m àH$maMr O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm
ñdV:Mm CÔoe AgVmZm qH$dm Ver XwImnV hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm àË`jmV
Ë`mÀ`m hmVyZ Xwgè`m àH$maMr O~a XwImnV Pmcr Agoc Va, Vmo BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaU
"¶' Mm Moham H$m`‘Mm {dÐyn H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm
OmUrd AgVm§Zm "H$'$ hm "¶' cm R>mogm ‘maVmo, Ë`m‘wio "¶' Mm Moham H$m`‘Mm {dÐyn hmoV Zmhr, nU Ë`mcm drg {Xdg BVH$m
H$mi Xw:gh emar[aH$ doXZm ghZ H$amì`m cmJVmV. "H$' Zo BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdcr Amho.
323. BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- H$c‘ 334 ‘Üò Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr ~m~ IoarOH$ê$Z Eaìhr, Omo H$moUr
BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm
EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
324. KmVH$ hË`mam§Zr qH$dm gmYZm§Zr BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdUo- H$c‘ 334 ‘Üò Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr ~m~
IoarOH$ê$Z Eaìhr, Jmoir KmcÊ`mMo, ^mogH$Ê`mMo qH$dm H$mnÊ`mMo H$moUVohr gmYZ qH$dm hëë`mMo hË`ma åhUyZ dmnaco AgVm
Oo ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Ago H$moUVohr gmYZ `mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm AmJ qH$dm H$moUVmhr Vá nXmW© `mÀ`m
gmhmæ`mZo AWdm H$moUVohr {df qH$dm H$moUVmhr j`H$maH$ nXmW© `mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm H$moUË`mhr ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmWm©À`m
gmhmæ`mZo AWdm Omo nXmW© ídmgm~amo~a AmV OmUo, {Jicm OmUo qH$dm aŠVmV nmoMUo ho ‘mZdr earamcm Anm`H$maH$ Amho Aem
H$moUË`mhr nXmWm©À`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm H$moUË`mhr àmÊ`mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Omo H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, VrZ
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
325. BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdÊ`m~Ôc {ejm. - H$c‘ 335 Ûmao Cn~§{YV Ho$cocr ~m~ IoarOH$ê$Z Eaìhr, Omo
H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
^mX§g-8
114 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
326. KmVH$ hË`mam§Zr qH$dm gmYZm§Zr BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdUo.- Omo H$moUr, H$c‘ 335 Ûmao Cn~§{YV
Ho$cocr ~m~ IoarOH$ê$Z Eaìhr, Jmoir KmcÊ`mMo, ^mogH$Ê`mMo qH$dm H$mnÊ`mMo H$moUVohr gmYZ qH$dm hëë`mMo hË`ma åhUyZ
dmnaco AgVm Oo ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Ago H$moUVohr gmYZ `mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm AmJ qH$dm H$moUVmhr Vá
nXmW© `mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm H$moUVohr {df qH$dm H$moUVmhr j`H$maH$ nXmW© `mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm H$moUË`mhr ñ’$moQ>H$
nXmWm©À`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm Omo nXmW© ídmgm~amo~a AmV OmUo, {Jicm OmUo qH$dm aŠVmV nmoMUo ho ‘mZdr earamcm Anm`H$maH$
Amho, Aem H$moUË`mhr nXmWm©À`m gmhmæ`mZo AWdm H$moUË`mhr àmÊ`mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm,
1
[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c
d Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
2
[326-A. A°{gS> B. Mm dmna H$ê$Z BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr, EImÚm ì`ŠVrda A°{gS> ’o$Hy$Z
qH$dm {Vcm A°{gS> XoD$Z qH$dm {Vcm BOm qH$dm XwImnV H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Aer BOm qH$dm XwImnV hmoB©c ho ‘mhrV
AgVmZm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm H$m`‘ñdê$nr qH$dm Am§{eH$ hmZr nmohmoMdrc qH$dm ì`§J {Z‘m©U H$arc qH$dm {VÀ`m earamMm EImXm ^mJ
qH$dm earamMo AZoH$ ^mJ Omirc qH$dm n§Jy H$arc qH$dm {dÐyn H$arc qH$dm {Vcm An§J H$arc qH$dm O~a BOm nmohmoMdrc
Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc na§Vw AmOrd H$mamdmgmn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr Am{U
X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c :
na§Vw, Ago H$s, Agm X§S> hm nr{S>V ì`ŠVrÀ`m CnMmam§Mm d¡ÚH$s` IM© ^mJ{dÊ`mg nwaogm Am{U dmOdr Agoc.
na§Vw, AmUIr Ago H$s, `m H$c‘mÝdò AmH$macocm X§S> nr{S>V ì`ŠVrcm XoÊ`mV òB©c.
326-B. ñdoÀN>oZo A°{gS> ’o$H$Uo qH$dm ’o$H$Ê`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr, EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm H$m`‘ñdê$nr qH$dm
Am§{eH$ hmZr nmohmoMdÊ`mÀ`m, ì`§J {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm ^mOÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm n§Jy H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm {dÐyn
H$aÊ`mÀ`m, An§J H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm O~a hmZr nmohmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo EImÚm ì`ŠVrda A°{gS> ’o$H$sc qH$dm ’o$H$Ê`mMm à`ËZ
H$arc qH$dm EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm A°{gS> XoB©c qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr gmYZmMm dmna H$arc Ë`mcm, nmM dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc na§Vw
gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d VgoM Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
ñnï>rH$aU 1 : H$c‘ 326-A Am{U ho H$c‘ `m§À`m à`moOZmgmR>r "A°{gS>' `m eãXmV, Oo AmåcY‘u qH$dm jmaH$
(MaUmè`m) ñdê$nmMo AmhoV d Ë`m‘wio emar[aH$ BOm, d«U qH$dm {dÐznVm qH$dm VmËnwaVo qH$dm H$m`‘ñdê$nr An§JËd {Z‘m©U
H$aÊ`mg gj‘ AmhoV Aem nXmWmªMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2 : H$c‘ 326-A Am{U ho H$c‘ `m§À`m à`moOZmgmR>r H$m`‘ñdê$nr qH$dm Am§{eH$ hmZr qH$dm n§JwËd ho nwÝhm
‘yi ñdê$n àmá Z hmoUmaoM Agco nm{hOo Ago Zmhr.]>
327. ‘mc‘Îmm O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ad¡Y H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV
nmoMdUo.- Oa H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV nmoMdcr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo Vr nr{S>V ì`ŠVr qH$dm Ë`m nr{S>V
ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§Y Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm O~arZo KoÊ`mMm AWdm
Oo Ad¡Y Amho qH$dm Á`m‘wio AnamY H$aUo gwH$a hmoD$ eHo$c Ago H$mhrVar H$aÊ`mg nr{S>V ì`ŠVrcm qH$dm Aem nr{S>V
ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§Y Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mMm BamXm Agoc Va, Ë`mcm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
2. gZ 2013 Mm ’$m¡OXmar H$m`Xo (gwYmaUm) A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.13, H$b‘ 5 AÝd¶o 326-A d 326-B hr H$b‘o g‘m{dï> H$aÊ¶mV Ambr.
(3-2-2013) nmgyZ
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 115
328. AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {df, BË`mXtÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo XwImnV nmoMdUo.- AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo qH$dm
AnamY H$aUo gwH$a ìhmdo `m CÔoemZo qH$dm AmnU Ë`m‘wio XwImnVrg H$maU hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Omo
H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm H$moUVohr {df qH$dm H$moUVohr ‘yÀN>m©H$maH$, ZemH$maH$ qH$dm AnÏ`H$maH$ Am¡fYr Ðì` qH$dm AÝ` nXmW©
godZ H$aÊ`mg XoB©c qH$dm godZ H$adrc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
329. ‘mc‘Îmm O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ad¡Y H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV
nmoMdUo.- Oa H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm O~a XwImnV nmoMdcr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo Vr nr{S>V ì`ŠVr qH$dm Ë`m nr{S>V
ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§Y Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm O~arZo KoÊ`mMm AWdm
Oo Ad¡Y Amho qH$dm Á`m‘wio AnamY H$aUo gwH$a hmoD$ eHo$c Ago H$mhrVar H$aÊ`mg nr{S>V ì`ŠVrcm qH$dm Aem nr{S>V
ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§Y Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mMm BamXm Agoc Va, Ë`mcm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>
qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
330. H$~wcrO~m~ O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r AWdm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV
nmoMdUo.- Oa H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdcr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo, EImÚm AnamYmMm qH$dm J¡adV©UwH$sMm
Á`m‘wio Vcme cmJy eHo$c Agm H$moUVmhr H$~wcrO~m~ qH$dm ‘m{hVr nr{S>V ì`ŠVr qH$dm {VÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~§Y Agcocr
H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§À`mH$Sy>Z O~arZo KoÊ`mMm BamXm Agoc AWdm H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoI naV H$aÊ`mg qH$dm
naV H$adÊ`mg AJa H$moUVrhr h¸$‘mJUr qH$dm ‘mJUr nyU© H$aÊ`mg AJa Á`m‘wio H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm
naV {‘iy eHo$c Aer ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg nr{S>V ì`ŠVr qH$dm {VÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~§Y Agcocr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm O~arZo ^mJ
nmS>Ê`mMm BamXm Agoc Va, Ë`mcm gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm nmocrg A{YH$mar, "`' cm Ë`mZo AnamY Ho$cm Ago H$~yc H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm N>i H$aVmo.
"H$' `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(b) "H$' hm nmocrg A{YH$mar, {dd{jV MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm H$moR>o R>odcr Amho ho XmIdyZ XoÊ`mg "I' cm àd¥Îm
H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Ë`mMm N>i H$aVmo. "H$' hm `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(c) "H$' hm ‘hgyc A{YH$mar, "`' H$Sy>Z òUo Agcoë`m ‘hgwcmMr {dd{jV WH$~mH$s MwH$Vr H$aÊ`mg "`' cm ^mJ
nmS>Ê`mH$[aVm Ë`mMm N>i H$aVmo. "H$' hm `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(d) "H$' hm O‘rZXma, Amncm I§S> XoÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r a`VmMm N>i H$aVmo. "H$' hm `m H$c‘mImcrc
AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
331. H$~wcrO~m~ O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r AWdm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a
XwImnV nmoMdUo.- Oa H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdcr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo, EImÚm AnamYmMm qH$dm
J¡adV©UwH$sMm Á`m‘wio Vcme cmJy eHo$c Agm H$moUVmhr H$~wcrO~m~ qH$dm ‘m{hVr nr{S>V ì`ŠVr qH$dm {VÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV
Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§À`mH$Sy>Z O~arZo KoÊ`mMm BamXm Agoc AWdm H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm naV
116 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
H$aÊ`mg AJa H$moUVrhr h¸$‘mJUr qH$dm ‘mJUr nyU© H$aÊ`mg AJa Á`m‘wio H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm naV {‘iy
eHo$c Aer ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg nr{S>V ì`ŠVr qH$dm {VÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§Zm O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mMm
BamXm Agoc Va Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
332.cmoH$godH$mcm Ë`mÀ`m H$V©ì`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdUo.- cmoH$godH$
Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>rV AgVmZm AWdm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm qH$dm AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mcm Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo
namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>VmZm Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Ho$coë`m qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm
à`ËZ Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rÀ`m n[aUm‘r Omo H$moUr {Vcm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
333. cmoH$godH$mcm Ë`mÀ`m H$V©ì`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mgmR>r BÀN>mnyd©H$ O~a XwImnV nmoMdUo.- cmoH$godH$
Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>rV AgVmZm AWdm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm qH$dm AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mcm Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo
namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>VmZm Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Ho$coë`m qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm
à`ËZ Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rÀ`m n[aUm‘r Omo H$moUr {Vcm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
334. àjmo^H$maUm‘wio BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV nmoMdUo.- Omo H$moUr J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$maUm‘wio BÀN>mnyd©H$
XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, Á`m ì`ŠVrZo àjmo{^V Ho$co Aem ì`ŠVrhÿZ AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe
Zgoc d VgoM, XwImnV hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Zgoc Va Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
335. àjmo^H$maUm‘wio BÀN>mnydH© $ O~a XwImnV nmoMdUo.- Omo H$moUr J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$maUm‘wio 1[BÀN>mnydH© $]>
O~a XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, Á`m ì`ŠVrZo àjmo{^V Ho$co Aem ì`ŠVrhÿZ AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg O~a XwImnV nmoMdÊ`mMm
Ë`mMm CÔoe Zgoc qH$dm O~a XwImnV hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Zgoc Va Ë`mcm, Mma
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm XmoZ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
ñnï>rH$aU.- cJVnyduMr XmoZ H$c‘ohr H$c‘ 300 À`m AndmX 1 à‘mUo Ë`mM na§VwH$m§g AYrZ AmhoV.
336. BVam§Mr Or{dV qH$dm ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV AmUUmar H¥$Vr.- Omo H$moUr ‘mZdr Or{dV qH$dm BVam§Mr
ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV òB©c BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm XmoZeo nÞmg én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr
337. BVam§Mo Or{dV qH$dm ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV AmUUmè`m H¥$VrZo XwImnV nmoM{dUo.- Omo H$moUr ‘mZdr
Or{dV qH$dm BVam§Mr ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV òB©c BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z H$moUË`mhr
1. 1882 À`m A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 8 Ûmao hm eãX g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcm.

^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 117
ì`ŠVrg XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm
nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
338. BVam§Mo Or{dV qH$dm ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV AmUUmè`m H¥$VrZo O~a XwImnV nmoM{dUo.- Omo H$moUr
‘mZdr Or{dV qH$dm BVam§Mr ì`pŠVJV gwa{jVVm YmoŠ`mV òB©c BVŠ`m ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo EImXr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg XwImnV nmoMdrc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr,
qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
J¡a {ZamoY Am{U J¡a n[aamoY `m§{df`r
339. J¡a {ZamoY.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg Á`m {XeoZo OmÊ`mMm h¸$ Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr {XeoZo OmÊ`mg {Vcm Omo H$moUr
BÀN>mnyd©H$ AQ>H$md H$aVmo Vmo Ë`m ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
AndmX- O‘rZ qH$dm nmUr `mdarc Á`m ImgJr ‘mJm©V Agm AQ>H$md H$aÊ`mMm AmnUm§g H$m`Xoera h¸$ Amho Ago
EImXr ì`ŠVr gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OV Agoc Ë`m ‘mJm©‘Üò Agm AQ>H$md H$aUo hm `m H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma AnamY Zmhr.
CXmhaU
"¶' cm Á`m ‘mJm©dê$Z OmÊ`mMm h¸$ Amho Vmo ‘mJ© ~§X H$aÊ`mMm AmnUmg h¸$ Amho Ago "H$'$gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OV
ZgVmZm Vmo ‘mJ© AS>dVmo. Ë`m‘wio "¶' cm Ë`m ‘mJm©Zo OmÊ`mg à{V~§Y hmoVmo. "H$' hm "¶' cm J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$aVmo.
340. J¡a n[aamoY.- Omo H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrg {dd{jV doT>Umè`m gr‘m§À`m ncrH$S>o OmÊ`mg à{V~§Y hmoB©c Aem arVrZo
{Vcm J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$aVmo Vmo Ë`m ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ hm "¶' cm q^VtZr ~m§Ycoë`m AmdmamV Om`cm cmdVmo Am{U Hw$cyn cmdyZ "¶' cm AmV H$m|S>Vmo. AemàH$mao
doT>Umè`m q^VtÀ`m ‘`m©XoncrH$S>o H$moUË`mhr {XeoZo OmÊ`mg "¶' cm à{V~§Y hmoVmo. "H$'$ Zo "¶' cm J¡anUo n[aéÕ
Ho$co Ago hmoVo.
(b) B‘maVr‘YyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mÀ`m ‘mJm©da "H$'$Xmê$Jmoim hË`mam§{Zer g‚m Agcoë`m ‘mUgm§Zm Cô H$aVmo Am{U "¶'
Zo B‘maVrVyZ {ZKyZ OmÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`mg Vr ‘mUgo "¶' da Jmoir PmS>Vrc Ago "¶' cm gm§JVmo. "H$'$ hm "¶'
cm J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$aVmo.
341. J¡a {ZamoYm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
342. J¡a n[aamoYm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
343. VrZ {Xdg qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi J¡a n[aamoY.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg VrZ {Xdg qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ
A{YH$ H$mi J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr,
344. Xhm {Xdg qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi J¡a n[aamoY.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg Xhm {Xdg qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ
A{YH$ H$mi J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
{ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
118 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
345. {OÀ`m ‘wŠVVogmR>r àm{YcoI H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm Agoc Aem ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$ê$Z R>odUo.- EImÚm
ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘wŠVVoH$[aVm arVga àm{YcoI H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$ê$Z
R>odrc Ë`mcm, `m àH$aUmVrc AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$c‘mÝdò Vmo Á`mg nmÌ Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmì`{V[aŠV
AmUIr XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c.
346. Jwá ñWir J¡a n[aamoY.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm n[aéÕ Ho$ë`mg `mà‘mUo n[aéÕ hmoUmè`m ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV
Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg qH$dm H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mg Vo H$iy Zò AWdm `mV `mnydu {Z{X©ï> Ho$coë`m Aem H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrg qH$dm cmoH$godH$mg Aem n[aamoYmMr OmJm H$iy Zò qH$dm emoYVm òD$ Zò Agm CÔoe gy{MV hmoB©c Aem arVrZo Omo
H$moUr {Vcm J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$arc Ë`mcm Aem J¡a n[aamoYm~Ôc Vmo Á`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr {ejog nmÌ Agoc {VÀ`m ì`{V[aŠV
AmUIr XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c.
347. ‘mc‘Îmm O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ad¡Y H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r J¡a n[aamoY.- Oa H$moUr
EImÚm ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo n[aéÕ Ho$co Am{U Ë`m‘mJo, Ë`m n[aéÕ ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z qH$dm n[aéÕ ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV Agcoë`m
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm O~arZo KoÊ`mMm AWdm Ad¡Y Ago H$mhrVar H$aÊ`mg qH$dm
Á`m‘wio AnamY H$aUo gwH$a hmoD$ eHo$c Aer H$moUVrhr ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg n[aéÕ ì`ŠVr qH$dm Aem ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV
Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§Zm O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mMm Ë`mMm BamXm Agoc Va, Ë`mcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
348. H$~wcrO~m~ O~arZo KoÊ`mgmR>r AWdm ‘mc‘Îmm naV H$aÊ`mg O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r J¡a n[aamoY.- Oa
H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrg J¡anUo n[aéÕ Ho$co Am{U Ë`m‘mJo, EImÚm AnamYmMm qH$dm J¡adV©UwH$sMm Á`m‘wio Vcmg cmJy eHo$c
Agm H$moUVmhr H$~wcrO~m~ qH$dm H$moUVrhr ‘m{hVr n[aéÕ ì`ŠVr qH$dm n[aéÕ ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV Agcocr H$moUVrhr
ì`ŠVr `m§À`mH$Sy>Z O~arZo KoÊ`mMm Ë`mMm BamXm Agoc AWdm H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm naV H$aÊ`mg qH$dm
naV H$adÊ`mg AJa H$moUVrhr h¸$‘mJUr qH$dm ‘mJUr nyU© H$aÊ`mg AJa Or‘wio H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm naV
{‘iy eHo$c Aer ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg n[aéÕ ì`ŠVr qH$dm {VÀ`m‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§Zm O~arZo ^mJ
nmS>Ê`mMm Ë`mMm BamXm Agoc Va, Ë`mcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Am{U h‘cm `m§{df`r
349. ~cà`moJ.- EImÚmZo Oa AÝ` ì`ŠVrÀ`m R>m`r JVr {Z‘m©U Ho$cr qH$dm J{V~Xc AJa J{V{dam‘ KS>dyZ AmUcm
AWdm Á`m`moJo EImÚm nXmWm©À`m Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrÀ`m earamÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJmer qH$dm Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrZo n[aYmZ Ho$coë`m
qH$dm Odi ~miJcoë`m H$moUË`mhr dñVyer g§nH©$ KS>oc qH$dm Aem g§nH$m©‘wio Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrÀ`m ñne©-g§doXZoda n[aUm‘
hmoB©c AemàH$mao pñWV Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr dñVy§er g§nH©$ KS>oc Aem VèhoZo Ë`m nXmWm©À`m R>m`r Aer JVr {Z‘m©U Ho$cr qH$dm
Agm J{V~Xc AJa J{V{dam‘ KS>dyZ AmUcm Va, Vmo Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmar nmÌ ~c à`moJ H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co
OmVo: ‘mÌ, JVr {Z‘m©U H$aUmè`m qH$dm J{V~Xc AJa J{V{dam‘ KS>dyZ AmUUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo, `mV `mnwT>o dU©Z H$aÊ`mV
Amcoë`m VrZ àH$mam§n¡H$s EH$m àH$mao JVr {Z‘m©U Ho$cr Agcr nm{hOo qH$dm J{V~Xc AJa J{V{dam‘ KS>dyZ AmUcm Agcm
nm{hOo.
EH$ : ñdV:Mo emar[aH$ gm‘Ï`© dmnaUo.
XmoZ : EImXm nXmW© Aem pñWVrV R>odUo H$s, OoUoH$ê$Z ñdV:cm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm AmUIr H$mhr H¥$Vr
H$amdr Z cmJVm JVr {Z‘m©U hmoB©c qH$dm J{V~Xc AJa J{V{dam‘ KSy>Z òB©c.
VrZ : H$moUË`mhr àmÊ`mcm J{V‘mZ hmoÊ`mg, J{V~Xc H$aÊ`mg qH$dm J{V{dam‘ H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aUo.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 119
350. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ.- Oa H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~m~VrV, Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m g§‘Vr{edm` CÔoenyd©H$
~cà`moJ Ho$cm Am{U Vmo H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© Agoc AWdm Á`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~m~VrV ~cà`moJ H$aÊ`mV
Amcm, Ë`m ì`ŠVrg Aem ~cà`moJmÛmao jVr nmoMmdr qH$dm ^rVr dmQ>mdr qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc AWdm Aem
~cà`moJm‘wio Vgo hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Vmo Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~m~VrV
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "`' hm ZXr{H$Zmè`mcm XmoamZo ~m§YyZ R>odcoë`m ZmdoV ~gcocm Amho. "H$' Xmoa gmoSy>Z Q>mH$Vmo Am{U AemàH$mao
CÔoenyd©H$ Zmdocm àdmhm‘Üò dmhV Om`cm cmdVmo. `m~m~VrV "H$' CÔoenyd©H$ "`' À`m R>m`r JVr {Z‘m©U H$aVmo,
Am{U Vmo nXmWmªZm Aem arVrZo {d{eï> pñWVrV R>odyZ hr Jmoï> H$aVmo H$s, H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm AÝ` H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr
H$amdr Z cmJVm JVr {Z‘m©U hmoVo. åhUyZ "H$' Zo "`' À`m ~m~VrV CÔoenyd©H$ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho Am{U Oa
H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm `m ~cà`moJm‘wio "`' cm jVr nmoMmdr, ^rVr dmQ>mdr qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm Aem
CÔoemZo qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "H$' Zo "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vgo Ho$co Agoc Va,
"H$ ' Zo "`' À`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cocm Amho.
(b) "` ' aWmda Amê$T> Pmcm Amho. "H$' hm "`' À`m KmoS>çm§Zm Mm~yH$ ‘maVmo d Ë`mÛmao Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Mm doJ dmT>dm`cm
^mJ nmS>Vmo. `m ~m~VrV "H$' Zo àmÊ`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m JVrV ~Xc H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$ê$Z "`' À`m JVr‘Üò ~Xc
KS>dcm Amho. Ë`mAWu, "H$' Zo "`' da ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho Am{U Oa "`' cm Ë`m‘wio jVr nmoMmdr, ^rVr dmQ>mdr
qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "H$' Zo
"`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ ho Ho$co Agoc Va, "H$' Zo "`' À`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho.
(c) "`' nmcIr‘YyZ OmV Amho. "`' Mr O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' nmcIrMm Xm§S>m YaVmo d nmcIr Wm§~dVmo.
`m ~m~VrV "H$' Zo "`' À`m R>m`r J{V{dam‘ KS>dyZ AmUcm AgyZ Ë`mZo ho Amnë`m emar[aH$ gm‘Ï`m©Zo Ho$co Amho.
Ë`mAWu, "H$' Zo "¶' À`m ~m~VrV ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho Am{U "H$' Zo AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r CÔoenyd©H$ "`' À`m
g§‘VrdmMyZ ho Ho$co Agë`m‘wio, "H$' Zo "`' À`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho.
(d) "H$' hm "`' cm añË`m‘Üò CÔoenyd©H$ Y¸$m ‘maVmo. `m ~m~VrV "H$' Zo ñdV:À`m emar[aH$ gm‘Ï`m©Mm dmna H$ê$Z
"`' er g§nH©$ hmoB©c AemàH$mao ñdV:À`m earamcm JVr {Xcr Amho. Ë`mAWu, "H$' Zo "`' À`m ~m~VrV CÔoenyd©H$
~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho, Am{U Oa Ë`m‘wio "`' cm jVr nmoMmdr ^rVr dmQ>mdr qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo qH$dm Vgo
hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "H$' Zo "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vgo Ho$co Agoc
Va, Ë`mZo "`' À`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho.
(e) "H$' EH$ XJS> ’o$H$Vmo, Ë`m XJS>mMm Aem àH$mao "`' er qH$dm "`' À`m nmoemImer qH$dm "`' Zo Odi ~miJcoë`m
H$moUË`mhr dñVyer g§nH©$ KS>mdm AWdm qH$dm Vmo XJS> nmÊ`mV nSy>Z "`' À`m H$nS>çm§da qH$dm "`' Zo Odi
~miJcoë`m H$moUË`mhr dñVyda nmUr CS>mdo Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe Amho qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm
OmUrd Amho. `m~m~VrV, Oa XJS>’o$H$s‘wio n[aUm‘r EImÚm nXmWm©Mm "`' er qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$nS>çm§er g§nH©$
KSy>Z Amcm Agoc Va, "H$' Zo "`' À`m ~m~VrV ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho, Am{U Oa Ë`m‘wio "`' cm jVr nmoMmdr,
^rVr dmQ>mdr qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm Aem CÔoemZo "H$' Zo "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vgo Ho$co Agoc Va, "H$' Zo "`' À`m
~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho.
(f) "H$' EH$m órMm ~waIm CÔoenyd©H$ AmoT>Vmo. `m~m~VrV, "H$' {VÀ`m ~m~VrV CÔoenyd©H$ ~cà`moJ H$aVmo, Am{U Oa
120 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
Ë`m‘wio {Vcm jVr nmoMmdr, ^rVr dmQ>mdr qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm Aem CÔoemZo qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr
OmUrd AgVmZm Ë`mZo {VÀ`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vgo Ho$co Agoc Va, Ë`mZo {VÀ`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm
Amho.
(g) "`' ñZmZ H$arV Amho. "H$' Am§KmoirÀ`m nmÊ`m‘Üò CH$iVo nmUr, Vo CH$iVo Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ AmoVVmo.
`m~m~VrV, "H$' CÔoenyd©H$ ñdV:À`m emar[aH$ gm‘Ï`m©Zo CH$iË`m nmÊ`m‘Üò AemàH$mao JVr {Z‘m©U H$aVmo H$s,
Á`m‘wio Ë`m nmÊ`mMm ‘`’ er g§nH©$ KS>Vmo qH$dm Aem g§nH$m©‘wio ‘`’ À`m ñne©-g§doXZoda Z¸$sM n[aUm‘ hmoB©c
Aem {R>H$mUr Agcoë`m Xwgè`m nmÊ`mer g§nH©$ KS>Vmo. Ë`mAWu, "H$' Zo "`' À`m ~m~VrV CÔoenyd©H$ ~cà`moJ
Ho$cm Amho, Am{U Oa Ë`m‘wio "`' cm jVr nmoMmdr qH$dm ^rVr dmQ>mdr qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo qH$dm Vgo
hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd AgVmZm "H$' Zo "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vgo Ho$co Agoc Va, Ë`mZo
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Amho.
(h) "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ "H$' hm Hw$Í`mcm "`' À`m A§Jmda YmdyZ OmÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoVmo. `m~m~VrV, "`' cm jVr
nmoMmdr, ^rVr dmQ>mdr qH$dm Ìmg ìhmdm Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe Agoc Va, Vmo "`' À`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ
H$aVmo.
351. h‘cm.- Oa H$moUr H$moUVmhr hmd^md qH$dm H$gcrhr V`mar Ho$cr Am{U Agm hmd^md qH$dm V`mar `m‘wio, Omo
H$moUr Vmo hmd^md qH$dm V`mar H$arc Vmo g‘j hOa Agcoë`m ì`ŠVtÀ`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ñdê$nmMm ~cà`moJ H$aÊ`mÀ`m
~oVmV Amho Aer YmñVr Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘ZmV {Z‘m©U ìhmdr Agm Ë`m‘mJo Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d
Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Vmo h‘cm H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU- Ho$di Cƒmacoco eãX ho h‘cm `m gXamV ‘moS>V ZmhrV. nU EImXr ì`ŠVr Oo eãX Cƒmarc Ë`m§‘wio,
Á`m`moJo {VMo hmd^md qH$dm V`mar hr h‘cm åhUyZ JUVm òB©c Aem àH$maMm AW© Ë`m hmd^mdm§Zm qH$dm V`marcm àmá hmoD$
eHo$c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm "`' da ‘yR> CJmaVmo, "H$' hm "`' da àhma H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~oVmV Amho Aer Ë`m‘wio "`' Mr g‘OyV ìhmdr
Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe Amho qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Amho. "H$' Zo h‘cm Ho$cm Amho.
(b) "H$' EH$m Mmdè`m Hw$Í`mMr ‘wgH$s gmoSy> cmJVmo, "H$' hm Hw$Í`mcm "`' da h„m MT>dm`cm cmdÊ`mÀ`m ~oVmV Amho
Aer "`' Mr g‘OyV ìhmdr Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe Amho qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Amho. "H$'
Zo "`' da h‘cm Ho$cm Amho.
(c) " "‘r AmVm Vwcm PmoS>nyZ H$mT>rZ'' Ago "`' cm åhUV AgVm "H$' hmVmV H$mR>r KoVmo, `m~m~VrV, H$mhr Pmco Var
"H$' Zo Cƒmacoë`m ZwgË`m eãXmMr JUZm h‘ë`m‘Üò hmoD$ eH$cr ZgVr Am{U AÝ` H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVr
{deofmÀ`m A^mdr ZwgË`m hmd^mdmMr JUZm h‘ë`m‘Üò hmoD$ eH$cr ZgVr Varhr, Cƒmacoë`m eãXm§Zr Á`mMm
Iwcmgm Pmcm Vmo hmd^md "h‘cm' `m gXamV ‘moSy> eHo$c.
352. J§^ra àjmo^H$maU ZgVmZm Eaìhr h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z
J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$maU KS>co ZgVmZm Eaìhr, Omo H$moUr {VÀ`mda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$arc Ë`mcm,
VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm nmMeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m Ðì`-X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 121
ñnï>rH$aU- àjmo^H$maU ho AnamÜ`mZo AnamYmgmR>r {Z{‘Îm åhUyZ emoYcoco qH$dm BÀN>mnyd©H$ CH$ê$Z H$mT>coco Agoc
Va qH$dm
H$m`ÚmMo nmcZ åhUyZ Ho$coë`m qH$dm EImÚm cmoH$godH$mZo Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnë`m A{YH$mamMm H$m`Xoera dmna
H$ê$Z Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>r‘wio àjmo^Z Pmcoco Agoc Va, qH$dm
ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mÀ`m h¸$mMm H$m`Xoera dmna H$aVmZm Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>r‘wio àjmo^Z Pmcoco Agoc Va,
J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$maUm‘wio `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYmMr {ejm gm¡å` hmoUma Zmhr.
àjmo^H$maU ho AnamY gm¡å` R>adÊ`mBVnV J§^ra d AmH$pñ‘H$ hmoVo qH$dm H$go hm VÏ`{df`H$ àíZ Amho.
353. cmoH$godH$mcm Ë`mMo H$V©ì` nma nmS>Ê`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mgmR>r h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ
H$aUo.- cmoH$godH$ Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` ~OmdV AgVmZm AWdm Agm cmoH$godH$
åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` nma nmS>Ê`mg Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Ë`mnmgyZ YmH$mZo namd¥Îm H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm
Agm cmoH$godH$ åhUyZ Amnco H$V©ì` H$m`XoeranUo nma nmS>rV AgVmZm Aem ì`ŠVrZo Ho$coë`m qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$coë`m
H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rÀ`m n[aUm‘r, Omo H$moUr {VÀ`mda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
354. órMm {dZ`^§J H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {VÀ`mda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr H$moUË`mhr
órda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm Am{U {VMm {dZ`^§J H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m‘mJo CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Amnë`mH$Sy>Z
Vgm {dZ`^§J hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va Ë`mcm, 1[EH$ dfm©nojm H$‘r Zmhr na§Vw nmM dfmªn`ªV dmT>{dVm
òB©c Aer, H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm XoÊ`mV òB©c Am{U Ðì`X§S>mÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc.]>
2
[354-A. c¢{JH$ gVmdUyH$ d c¢{JH$ gVmdUwH$sgmR>r {ejm.- (1) EImXm nwéf, nwT>rcn¡H$s H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc
Va Vmo, c¢{JH$ gVmdUwH$sÀ`m AnamYmgmR>r Xmofr R>aoc -
(i) emar[aH$ OdirH$ d ZH$mo Agcocr d CKS>CKS> c¢{JH$ Jmoï>rMr ‘mJUr H$aUmar ‘¡Ìr; qH$dm
(ii) c¢{JH$ g§~§YmMr ‘mJUr qH$dm {dZ§Vr H$aUo; qH$dm
(iii) órÀ`m BÀN>o{déÕ, ~cnyd©H$ g§^moJXe©H$ XoImdo XmIdUo, qH$dm
(iv) c¢{JH$ ñdê$n {Xcoco eoao ‘maUo.
(2) Or nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) Mm I§S> (i) qH$dm I§S> (ii)qH$dm I§S> (iii) ‘Üò {d{Z{X©ï> Ho$cocm AnamY H$arc Aem H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrcm VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm X§S>mMr qH$dm `m XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
(3) Or, nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) À`m I§S> (iv) ‘Üò {d{Z{X©ï> Ho$cocm AnamY H$arc Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm EH$ dfm©n¶ªV Agy
eHo$b EdT>çm H$mamdmgmMr {ejm qH$dm X§S> qH$dm `m XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
354-B. órcm {ddó H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo {VÀ`mda h„m H$aUo qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo.-órcm {ddó
H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Z¾ hmoÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo H$moUVmhr nwéf {VÀ`mda h„m H$arc qH$dm {VÀ`mda ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ
1. gZ 2013 Mm ’$m¡OXmar H$m`Xo (gwYmaUm) A{Y{Z`‘ H«$. 13, H$b‘ 6 AÝd¶o ""XmoZ dfm©n¶ªV Agy eHo$b BV³¶m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË¶mhr
EH$m dU©ZmÀ¶m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì¶X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrb'' ¶m ‘OHw$amEodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambm.m
(3.2.2013 nmgyZ)
2. gZ 2013 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 13, H$b‘ 7 AÝd¶o 354-A, 354-B, 354-C d 354-D> hr H$b‘o g‘m{dï> H$aÊ¶mV Ambr.
122 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
~cà`moJmMm dmna H$arc qH$dm Ver H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$arc Ë`mcm VrZ dfmªnojm H$‘r Zmhr; na§Vw gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
Aer H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ R>aoc.
354-C$. Mmoê$Z Aícrc {MÌU H$aUo.- EImXr ór, Á`m n[apñWVrV, EImXm {MÌU H$aUmam qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m AmkoZo
H$m‘ H$aUmam H$moUr gd©gm‘mÝ`nUo nmhÿ eH$Uma Zmhr Aer {VMr Anojm Agcoë`m {R>H$mUr EH$mÝVdmgmVrc H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mV
Jw§Vcocr AgVmZm Omo H$moUVmhr nwéf {Vcm nmhrc qH$dm {VMo {MÌU H$arc, qH$dm Ago {MÌU àgm[aV H$arc Ë`mcm Vmo àW‘V:
{gÕXmof R>aë`mda, EH$ dfm©nojm H$‘r Zmhr, na§Vw VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aem ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc, Am{U Xwgè`m§Xm qH$dm Ë`mZ§Va {gÕXmof R>aoc Voìhm VrZ dfmªnojm H$‘r
Zmhr; na§Vw gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr
nmÌ Agoc.
ñnï>rH$aU 1 : `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r "EH$mÝVdmgmVrc H¥$Vr' `m‘Üò Á`m OmJoV Ë`m n[apñWVrV dmOdr EH$mÝVVm
nwa{dÊ`mV òB©c Aer Anojm Agoc Am{U OoWo nr{S>V ì`ŠVrMo Jwám§J, {ZV§~ qH$dm ñVZ CKS>o Ho$coco AgVrc qH$dm ’$ŠV
AmVë`m H$nS>çm§Zr PmH$coco AgVrc qH$dm nr{S>V ì`ŠVr, em¡Mmc`mMm dmna H$arV Agoc, qH$dm nr{S>V ì`ŠVr gd©gmYmaUnUo
gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr H$arV ZgVmV Aer c¢{JH$ H¥$Vr H$arV Agoc Aem {R>H$mUr Mmoê$Z nmhmÊ`mÀ`m H¥$VrMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2 : Ooìhm H$moUVohr N>m`m{MÌ KoÊ`mg qH$dm H$moUË`mhr H¥$VrMo {MÌU H$aÊ`mg Ë`m nr{S>V ì`ŠVrZo g§‘Vr
{Xcr Agoc; na§Vw {VMo Ì`ñW ì`ŠVtZm àgmaU H$aÊ`mg g§‘Vr {Xcr Zgoc Am{U Ago N>m`m{MÌU qH$dm H¥$VrMo {MÌU
àgm[aV H$aÊ`mV Amco Agoc Voìhm, Ago àgmaU ho `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamY ‘mZÊ`mV òB©c.
354-D>. Nw>nm nmR>cmJ H$aUo.- (1) Omo H$moUVmhr nwéf -
(i) EImÚm órMm Nw>nm (Mmoê$Z) nmR>cmJ H$arc Am{U Aem órZo nañna OdirH$ gmYmdr åhUyZ {Vcm CÎmoOZ
XoÊ`mgmR>r, Ë`m órZo BÀN>m Zgë`mMo ñnï>nUo Xe©dco AgyZhr dma§dma {VÀ`m Odi OmB©c qH$dm Odi OmÊ`mMm
à`ËZ H$arc; qH$dm
(ii) Ë`m órÀ`m B§Q>aZoQ>, B©‘oc qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ gmYZmÀ`m dmnamda ~marH$ cj R>odrc,
Vmo Nw>nm (Mmoê$Z) nmR>cmJ H$aÊ`mMm AnamY H$aVmo Ago ‘mZÊ`mV òB©c;
na§Vw Ago H$s, Oa Á`mZo nmR>cmJ Ho$cm hmoVm Ë`mZo
(i) JwÝhm KS>Ê`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm JwÝhçmMm Vnmg H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmR>cmJ Ho$cm hmoVm Am{U Á`mÀ`mda
nmR>cmJ Ho$ë`mMm Amamon Agoc Ë`m ‘mUgmH$S>o JwÝhçmcm à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mMr Am{U JwÝhçmMm Vnmg H$aÊ`mMr
O~m~Xmar amÁ`mZo gmondcr hmoVr; qH$dm
(ii) Vo, H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÝdò EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÝdò cmXcoë`m H$moUË`mhr eVuMo qH$dm Amdí`H$
~m~rMo AZwnmcZ åhUyZ H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo; qH$dm
(iii) {d{eï> n[apñWVrV Ago dV©Z dmOdr d Ý`mæ` hmoVo.
Ago {gÕ Ho$co Va, Aer dV©UyH$ hr Nw>nm (Mmoê$Z) nmR>cmJ `m gXamV O‘m hmoUa Zmhr.
(2) Omo H$moUr Nw>nm (Mmoê$Z) nmR>cmJ H$aÊ`mMm AnamY H$arc Ë`mcm n{hë`m doiog Xmof{gÕ R>aë`mda, VrZ dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c Aer, H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U VgoM, Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ R>aoc; Am{U Xwgè`m§Xm
Am{U Ë`mZ§Va {gÕXmof R>acm Va Ë`mcm nmM dfmªnojm Agy eHo$c Aer, H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c
Am{U VgoM Vmo, X§S>mghr nmÌ R>aoc.]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 123
355. J§^ra àjmo^H$maU ZgVmZm Eaìhr EImÚm ì`ŠVrMr ‘mZhmZr H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ
~cà`moJ H$aUo.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z J§^ra Am{U AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$maU KS>co ZgVmZm Eaìhr, Oa H$moUr {VÀ`mda h‘cm
qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ Ho$cm d Ë`m`moJo Ë`m ì`ŠVrMr ‘mZhmZr H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
356. EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo Odi ~miJcoë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmZm h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ
~cà`moJ H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo Ë`m-Ë`m doir n[aYmZ Ho$coë`m qH$dm Odi ~miJcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Mmoar
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmZm Omo H$moUr {VÀ`mda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
357. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmZm h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo.-
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmZm Omo H$moUr {VÀ`mda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$arc
Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
358. J§^ra àjmo^- H$maUmdê$Z h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z J§^ra d
AmH$pñ‘H$ àjmo^H$maU KS>ë`m‘wio Omo H$moUr {VÀ`mda h‘cm qH$dm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
ñnï>rH$aU- cJVnyd© H$c‘ ho H$c‘ 352 à‘mUo Ë`mM ñnï>rH$aUmg AYrZ Amho.
AnZ`Z, AnhaU, Jwcm‘{Jar d doR>{~Jma `m§{df`r
359. AnZ`Z.- AnZ`Z XmoZ àH$maMo AgVo. 1[^maVmVyZ]> AnZ`Z H$aUo Am{U H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ
AnZ`Z H$aUo.
360. ^maVmVyZ AnZ`Z H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg {VÀ`m, qH$dm Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m dVrZo g§‘Vr XoÊ`mg
{d{YV: àm{YH¥$V Agcoë`m ì`ŠVtÀ`m g§‘VrdmMyZ 1[^maVmÀ`m]> gr‘o~mhoa ZoVmo Vmo Ë`m ì`ŠVrMo 1[^maVmVyZ]> AnZ`Z H$aVmo
Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
361. H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ AnZ`Z H$aUo.- Or AkmZ ì`ŠVr nwéf Agë`mg, 2[gmoim]> df} d`mImcrc
Agoc qH$dm Vr ór Agë`mg 3[AR>am]> df} d`mImcrc Agoc {Vcm AWdm H$moUË`mhr ‘Zmo{dH$c ì`ŠVrcm Omo H$moUr Aem
AkmZ ì`ŠVrÀ`m qH$dm ‘Zmo{dH$c ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ Aem nmcH$mÀ`m g§‘VrdmMyZ KoD$Z OmB©c qH$dm
^wai nmSy>Z ZoB©c Vmo Aem AkmZ qH$dm ‘Zmo{dH$c ì`ŠVrMo H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ AnZ`Z H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU- `m H$c‘mVrc H$m`Xoera nmcH$ `m eãXà`moJmV, {OÀ`mH$S>o Aem AkmZ ì`ŠVrMr qH$dm AÝ` ì`ŠVtMr
XoI^mc qH$dm A{âjm Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
AndmX- Or H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr AmnU EImÚm AZm¡ag ~mcH$mMm {nVm Agë`mMo gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OV Agoc qH$dm Aem
~mcH$mÀ`m H$m`Xoera A{âjocm AmnU h¸$Xma Agë`mMo gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OV Agoc {VZo Ho$cocr H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr Oa AZ¡{VH$
d Ad¡Y à`moOZmW© H$aÊ`mV Amcocr Zgoc Va, Aem H¥$Vrcm ho H$c‘ cmJy hmoV Zmhr.
1. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3, H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""{~«{Q>e
B§{S>`m"' `m EodOr darc eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. 1949 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 42-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ""Mm¡Xm'' `m EodOr hm eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. 1949 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 42, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ""gmoim'' `mEodOr hm eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
124 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
362. AnhaU.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg, EImÚm {R>H$mUmhÿZ Xya OmÊ`mg ~cà`moJmZo ^mJ nmS>Vmo AWdm Vgo
H$aÊ`mg H$moUË`mhr ’$gdUwH$sÀ`m Cnm`m§Zr àd¥Îm H$aVmo Vmo Ë`m ì`ŠVrMo AnhaU H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
363. AnZ`Zm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMo, 1[^maVmVyZ]> qH$dm H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ
AnZ`Z H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d
2
[363-A. ^rH$ ‘mJÊ`mgmR>r AkmZ ì`ŠVrMo AnZ`Z H$aUo qH$dm {Vcm {dH$cm§J H$aUo.- (1) H$moUË`mhr AkmZ
ì`ŠVrg ^rH$ ‘mJÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r Zo‘Vm `mdo qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna H$aVm `mdm `mH$[aVm Omo H$moUr Aem AkmZ ì`ŠVrMo
AnZ`Z H$arc qH$dm AmnU AkmZ ì`ŠVrMm H$m`Xoera nmcH$ ZgVmZm Ë`m AkmZ ì`ŠVrMr A{âjm {‘idrc Vmo, Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
(2) H$moUË`mhr AkmZ ì`ŠVrg ^rH$ ‘mJÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r Zo‘Vm `mdo qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna H$aVm `mdm `mH$[aVm Omo
H$moUr Aem AkmZ ì`ŠVrcm {dH$cm§J H$arc Vmo AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agoc, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
(3) AmnU AkmZ ì`ŠVrMm H$m`Xoera nmcH$ ZgVmZm Oa H$moUr ^rH$ ‘mJÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r Aem AkmZ ì`ŠVrMr Zo‘UyH$
Ho$cr qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna Ho$cm Va Ë`m~m~VrV, {déÕ em~rV Z Pmë`mg, Ë`m AkmZ ì`ŠVrcm ^rH$ ‘mJÊ`mgmR>r Zo‘Vm
`mdo qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna H$aVm `mdm `mH$[aVm Ë`mZo AkmZ ì`ŠVrMo AnZ`Z Ho$co qH$dm AÝ`Wm {VMr A{âjm {‘idcr
Ago J¥hrV YaÊ`mV òB©c.
(4) `m H$c‘mV,-
(a) ^rH$ ‘mJUo `mMm AW© nwT>rcà‘mUo Amho :-
(i) JmÊ`mMm, ZmM H$aÊ`mMm, ^{dî` gm§JÊ`mMm, H$am‘Vr H$ê$Z XmIdÊ`mMm qH$dm dñVyMr {dH«$s H$aÊ`mMm
qH$dm AÝ` àH$maMm ~hmUm H$ê$Z gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr {^Ho$Mr `mMZm H$aUo Vr ñdrH$maUo;
(ii) {^Ho$Mr `mMZm H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ^rH$ ñdrH$maÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr ImgJr n[admñVy‘Üò àdoe H$aUo;
(iii) ^rH$ {‘idÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm CH$iÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo, ñdV:Mo qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMo qH$dm EImÚm
àmÊ`mMo H$moUVohr jV, OI‘, BOm, {dÐxnVm qH$dm amoJ CKS>m H$aUo qH$dm Ë`mMo àXe©Z H$aUo;
(iv) {^Ho$Mr `mMZm H$aUo qH$dm ^rH$ {‘idUo `mgmR>r àXe©Zr` dñVy åhUyZ AkmZ ì`ŠVrMm dmna H$aUo;
(b) AkmZ ì`ŠVr `mMm AW© nwT>rcà‘mUo Amho :-
(i) nwéfmÀ`m ~m~VrV, gmoim df} d`mImcr ì`ŠVr; Am{U
(ii) órÀ`m ~m~VrV, AR>am df} d`mImcr ì`ŠVr.]>
364. IyZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r AnZ`Z H$aUo qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrMm IyZ H$aVm `mdm qH$dm IyZ hmoÊ`mÀ`m
g§H$Q>mV Vr ì`ŠVr gmnS>oc AemàH$mao {VMr dmgcmV cmdVm `mdr åhUyZ Omo H$moUr Aem ì`ŠVrMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU
H$arc Ë`mcm, 3[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr] qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
1. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3, H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""{~«{Q>e
B§{S>`m'' `m EodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. 1959 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 52-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ho H$c‘ g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco (15 OmZodmar, 1960 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
3. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmocoI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 125
CXmhaUo
(a) "¶' cm EH$m ‘yVug‘moa ~ir XoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "H$'$ hm "¶'
1
[^maVmVyZ]> Mo AnZ`Z H$aVmo. "H$'$ Zo `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
(b) "I' Mm IyZ H$aVm `mdm åhUyZ "H$'$hm "I' cm ~iO~arZo Ë`mÀ`m KamnmgyZ Xya KoD$Z OmVmo qH$dm Ë`mcm ^wai
nmSy>Z ZoVmo. "H$'$ Zo `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
2
[364-A. I§S>Ur dJ¡aoH$[aVm Mmoê$Z ZoUo.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm Mmoê$Z ZoVmo åhUOo Ë`mMo AnZ`Z H$aVmo
AJa nidyZ ZoVmo åhUOo AnhaU H$aVmo AJa Ago Ho$ë`mda Ë`m ì`ŠVrg H¡$XoV S>m§~yZ R>odco Am{U ‘J Ë`mcm R>ma ‘maÊ`mMr
AJa XwImnV H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoVmo, AJa Aem àH$maMr dmJUyH$ XoVmo H$s, Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm dmOdr arVrZo ^rVr dmQ>Vo H$s, Ë`mMm
‘¥Ë`y hmoB©c AJa Ë`mcm XwImnV hmoB©c AJa Ë`m ì`ŠVrg XwImnV H$aVmo AJa R>ma ‘maVmo Am{U Ago H$aÊ`m‘mJo gaH$mada
AJa 3[H$moUË`mhr naH$s` gaH$mada AJa Am§VaXoer` Am§VagaH$mar g§ñWoda AJa BVa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda] gŠVr Ho$cr
OmVo H$s, Ë`m§Zr EImXo H¥$Ëò H$amdo AJa EImXo H¥$Ë` H$ê$ Zò AJa I§S>Ur Úmdr Ago Ho$ë`mg ‘¥Ë`yMr AJa AmOrd
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm Am{U X§S>mghr nmÌ.]
365. JwánUo d J¡anUo EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm n[aéÕ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm {VMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo.- EImXr ì`ŠVr
JwánUo d J¡anUo n[aéÕ ìhmdr `m CÔoemZo Omo H$moUr Ë`m ì`ŠVrMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
366. {ddmh, BË`mXrMr gŠVr H$aÊ`mgmR>r órMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo qH$dm {Vcm àcmo{^V H$aUo.-
H$moUË`mhr órcm {VÀ`m BÀN>o{déÕ H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrer {ddmh H$aÊ`mMr gŠVr H$aVm `mdr `m CÔoemZo qH$dm {VÀ`mda Ver
gŠVr hmoB©c Agm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm, AWdm {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJmH$[aVm {VÀ`mda ~iO~ar H$aVm `mdr
qH$dm {Vcm Ver ’y$g cmdVm `mdr `m CÔoemZo AJa {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJmH$aVm {VÀ`mda ~iO~ar hmoB©c qH$dm {Vcm Ver ’y$g
cmdÊ`mV òB©c Agm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm Omo H$moUr AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c; 4[Am{U `m
g§{hVo‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amë`mZwgma ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>emÀ`m ‘mJm©Zo qH$dm gÎmoMm Xwén`moJ H$ê$Z qH$dm gŠVrÀ`m
AÝ` H$moUË`mhr Cnm`mZo Omo H$moUr EImÚm órcm Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrer {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ H$aÊ`mMr {VÀ`mda ~iO~ar H$aVm `mdr
qH$dm {Vcm ’y$g cmdVm `mdr, `m CÔoemZo AWdm Ë`mH$aVm {VÀ`mda ~iO~ar hmoB©c qH$dm {Vcm Ë`mgmR>r ’y$g cmdÊ`mV òB©c
`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm EImÚm {R>H$mUmhÿZ Xya OmÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$arc Vmo XoIrc nydm}ŠVmà‘mUo {ejog nmÌ Agoc. ]>
5
[366-A.AkmZ ‘wcJr AZ¡{VH$ H¥$Ë`mgmR>r {‘idUo.- AR>am df} d`mImcrc H$moUË`mhr AkmZ ‘wcrda Xwgè`m
ì`ŠVrer {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ H$aÊ`mMr ~iO~ar H$aVm `mdr qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {Vcm Ver ’y$g cmdVm `mdr, `m CÔoemZo AWdm
{VÀ`mda Ver ~iO~ar hmoB©c qH$dm {Vcm Ë`mgmR>r ’y$g cmdÊ`mV òB©c Agm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm,
H$moUË`mhr Cnm`m§Zr Omo H$moUr Aem ‘wcrcm EImÚm {R>H$mUmhÿZ Xya OmÊ`mg qH$dm H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$arc Ë`mcm,
Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
1. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Am{U 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3, H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m''
`m EodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. gZ 1993 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 42, H$b‘ 2 AÝd¶o ho H$b‘ XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambo. (22-5-1993 nmgyZ A‘bmV)
3. gZ 1995 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 24 AÝd¶o ""BVa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda'' ¶m ‘OHw$amEodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambm. (26-5-
4. 1923 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 20-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao `m ‘OHw$amMr â KmcÊ`mV Amcr.
5. 1923 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 20-, H$c‘ 3 Ûmao H$c‘o 366-A$ d 366-B hr g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amc1995 nmgyZ A‘bmV)
126 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
366-B. naH$s` XoemVyZ ‘wcrMr Am`mV H$aUo.- EH$drg df} d`mImcrc H$moUË`mhr ‘wcrda Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrer
{d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ H$aÊ`mMr ~iO~ar H$aVm `mdr qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {Vcm ’y$g cmdVm `mdr `m CÔoemZo AWdm {VÀ`mda Ver
~iO~ar hmoB©c qH$dm {Vcm Ë`mgmR>r ’y$g cmdÊ`mV òB©c Agm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm, 1* * * Omo H$moUr
^maVmÀ`m ~mhoarc H$moUË`mhr XoemVyZ 2[qH$dm Oå‘y d H$mí‘ra `m amÁ`mVyZ]> 3[^maVmV]> {VMr Am`mV H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
367. EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm O~a XwImnV nmoMdUo, {Vcm Jwcm‘ ~ZdUo, BË`mXtgmR>r {VMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU
H$aUo.- H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr O~a XwImnV qH$dm Jwcm‘{Jar qH$dm EImÚm ì`ŠVrMr AZ¡g{J©H$ H$m‘V¥îUm `m§Zm ~ir nS>mdr AWdm
Vr Aem àH$maÀ`m g§H$Q>mV nS>oc Aer {VMr dmgcmV cmdVm `mdr åhUyZ AWdm Aer ì`ŠVr `mà‘mUo ~ir nS>oc qH$dm Ver
{VMr dmgcmV cmJoc Agm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Aem ì`ŠVrMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$arc
Ë`mcm, Xhm df}n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
368. AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo cndUo qH$dm n[aéÕ H$ê$Z R>odUo.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMo
AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr Aem ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo cndrc qH$dm n[aéÕ H$arc
Ë`mcm, Á`m CÔoemZo qH$dm Á`m Om{UdoZo qH$dm Á`m à`moOZmgmR>r Vmo Aem ì`ŠVrcm cndrV Agoc qH$dm n[aéÕ H$ê$Z R>odV
Agoc Ë`mM CÔoemZo qH$dm Ë`mM Om{UdoZo qH$dm Ë`mM à`moOZmgmR>r OUy H$mhr Ë`mZo Aem ì`ŠVrMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU
Ho$coco Agmdo Aem àH$mao {ejm hmoB©c.
369. Xhm dfmªImcrc ~mcH$mÀ`m A§Jmdarc ‘mc‘Îmm MmoaÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ë`mMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$aUo.-
Xhm dfmªImcrc H$moUË`mhr ~mcH$mÀ`m A§Jmdarc H$moUVrhr O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo {hamdyZ KoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Omo
H$moUr Aem ~mcH$mMo AnZ`Z qH$dm AnhaU H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
4
[370. ì`ŠVtMm Anì`mnma H$aUo. (1) Omo H$moUr {nidUyH$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r :
n{hco - Y‘Š`m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z qH$dm
Xwgao - ~imMm qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr O~aXñVrMm dmna H$ê$Z, qH$dm
{Vgao - AnhaU H$ê$Z, qH$dm
Mm¡Wo - c~mS>r H$ê$Z qH$dm ’$gdUyH$ H$ê$Z, qH$dm
nmMdo - A{YH$mamMm J¡admna H$ê$Z, qH$dm
ghmdo - âVr Ho$coë`m, dmhVyH$ Ho$coë`m, Amgam {Xcoë`m, ñWmZm§VaU Ho$coë`m qH$dm ñdrH$ma Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrda
{Z`§ÌU AgUmè`m ì`ŠVrMr g§‘Vr {‘idÊ`mgmR>r àcmo^Z XmIdyZ VgoM, àXmZo qH$dm cm^ XoD$Z qH$dm KoD$Z,
1. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {dd{jV eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco.

2. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3, H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao hm ‘OHy$a g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3. H«$‘e: AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 d 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {~«{Q>e B§{S>`m `mEodOr
hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
4. gZ 2013 Mm ’$m¡OXmar H$m`Xo (gwYmaUm) A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.13, H$b‘ 8 Ûmao ‘yi H$b‘ 370 EodOr 370 d 370- A hr H$b‘o XmIb
H$aÊ¶mV Ambr. (3-2-2013 nmgyZ A‘bmV)
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 127
EImÚm qH$dm AZoH$ ì`ŠVtMr (A) âVr H$arc, (~) dmhVyH$ H$arc, (H$) Amgam XoB©c, (S>) ñWmZm§VaU H$arc qH$dm
(B©) ñdrH$ma H$arc Va {VZo Anì`mnmamMm AnamY Ho$cm Ago hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU 1 : ""{nidUyH$'' `m g§ko‘Üò, emar[aH$ {nidUwH$sMr H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr qH$dm c¢{JH$ {nidUwH$sMm, Jwcm‘{JarMm
qH$dm Jwcm‘{JargÑe àWoMm, Xmñ`mMm H$moUVmhr àH$ma qH$dm O~aXñVrZo Ad`d H$mTy>Z KoUo `m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2 : Anì`mnmamMm AnamY Pmë`mMo {ZYm©[aV H$aVmZm nr{S>V ì`ŠVrMr g§‘Vr ‘hÎdmMr Zmhr.
(2) Omo H$moUr Anì`mnmamMm AnamY H$arc Ë`mcm gmV dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc; na§Vw Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer gl‘
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo, X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
(3) AnamYmV EH$mnojm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtMm Anì`mnma H$aÊ`mMm A§V^m©d Agoc Aem ~m~VrV, Ë`mcm Xhm dfmªnojm H$‘r
Zgoc; na§Vw Or AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmn`ªVMr Agy eHo$c Aer gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
(4) AnamYm‘Üò AkmZ ì`ŠVrMm Anì`mnma H$aÊ`mMm A§V^m©d Agoc Aem ~m~VrV, Ë`mcm Xhm dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc;
na§Vw Or AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmn`ªVMr Agy eHo$c Aer gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
(5) AnamYm‘Üò EH$mnojm A{YH$ AkmZ ì`ŠVtMm Anì`mnma H$aÊ`mMm A§V^m©d Agoc Aem ~m~VrV, Ë`mcm Mm¡Xm
dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc; na§Vw Or AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmn`ªVMr Agy eHo$c Aer gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo, X§S>mghr
nmÌ Agoc.
(6) Oa EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm AkmZ ì`ŠVrMm Anì`mnma H$aÊ`mÀ`m AnamYmgmR>r EH$mnojm A{YH$ doim {gÕXmof R>adco
Agoc Va {Vcm AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, `mMm AW© Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ Am`wî`mÀ`m Cd©[aV H$mcmdYrgmR>r
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vr X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
(7) Ooìhm EImÚm cmoH$godH$mMm qH$dm nmocrg A{YH$mè`mMm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m Anì`mnmam‘Üò gh^mJ Agoc Va,
Agm cmoH$godH$ qH$dm nmocrg A{YH$mar `mcm AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c `mMm AW© Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ Am`wî`mÀ`m
Cd©[aV H$mcmdYrgmR>r H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
370-A. Anì`mnma Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrMr {nidUyH$. - (1) Omo H$moUr, EImÚm AkmZ ì`ŠVrcm Anì`mnma H$ê$Z
AmUco Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm qH$dm Vgm {dídmg R>odÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm Aem AkmZ ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr arVrZo {VMo
c¢{JH$ emofU hmoB©c Aem [aVrZo H$m‘mda R>odrc Ë`mcm, nmM dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc, na§Vw Or gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aem
‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
(2) Omo H$moUr EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Anì`mnma H$ê$Z AmUco Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm qH$dm Vgm {dídmg R>odÊ`mg H$maU
AgVmZm Aem ì`ŠVrcm, H$moUË`mhr [aVrZo {VMo c¢{JH$ emofU hmoB©c Aem arVrZo H$m‘mda R>odrc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªnojm H$‘r
Zgoc, na§Vw Or nmM dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aem ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc. ]>
371. Jwcm‘m§Mm {ZËè: ì`dhma H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr {ZËè: Jwcm‘m§Mr Am`mV H$arc, {Z`m©V H$arc Ë`m§Zm AÝ` OmJr
ZoB©c, Ë`m§Mr IaoXr-{dH«$s, ì`mnma qH$dm ì`dhma H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm OmñVrV OmñV Xhm df} BVŠ`m
372. doí`mì`dgm`, BË`mXr à`moOZmW© AkmZ ì`ŠVrMr {dH«$s H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr 2[AR>am df} d`mImcrc ì`ŠVrcm,
doí`mì`dgm`mÀ`m qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrer {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ~oH$m`Xoera Am{U
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mionmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
2. 1924 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 18-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao {dd{jV ‘yi eãXm§EodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
128 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
AZ¡{VH$ à`moOZmW© H$moUË`mhr d`mcm H$m‘r cmdco Omdo qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna Ho$cm Omdm `m CÔoemZo AWdm Aer ì`ŠVr
Vem H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmW© H$moUË`mhr d`mcm H$m‘r cmdÊ`mV òB©c qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna H$aÊ`mV òB©c Agm g§^d
Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm]> Omo H$moUr Aem ì`ŠVrMr {dH«$s H$arc, {Vcm ^mS>çmZo XoB©c qH$dm {VMr AÝ`àH$mao
dmgcmV cmdrc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
1
[ñnï>rH$aU EH$ - AR>am df} d`mImcrc ór EImÚm doíòcm qH$dm doí`mJ¥h ~miJUmè`m qH$dm Ë`mMr ì`dñWm nmhUmè`m
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {dH$cr OmB©c, ^mS>çmZo {Xcr OmB©c qH$dm {VMr AÝ`Wm dmgcmV cmdcr OmB©c Ë`m~m~VrV, Aem órMr
AemàH$mao dmgcmV cmdUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo, Ë`m órMm doí`mì`dgm`mgmR>r dmna H$aÊ`mV `mdm, `m CÔoemZo {VMr dmgcmV cmdcr
Ago, Ë`m{déÕ em~rV H$aÊ`mV òB©n`ªV, J¥hrV Yaco OmB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU XmoZ- `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmW© {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ `mMm AW©, Á`m ì`ŠVr {ddmhmÛmao qH$dm {ddmh `m gXamV
O‘m hmoÊ`mgmaIo Zgco Var Á`mcm, Ë`m ì`ŠVr Á`m g‘mOmVrc AmhoV Ë`m g‘mOmMm qH$dm Ë`m ì`ŠVr {Za{Zamiçm
g‘mOmVrc AgVrc Va Aem XmoÝhr g‘mOm§Mm ì`pŠV{df`H$ H$m`Xm qH$dm ê$T>r `m§Zr Á`mg Ë`m§À`m‘Yrc Xm§nË`dV g§~§Y
åhUyZ ‘mÝ`Vm {Xcr Amho Agm H$moUVmhr g§`moJ qH$dm ~§YZ `mÛmao EH$Ì Amcoë`m ZgVrc Ë`m ì`ŠVt‘Yrc c¢{JH$ g§^moJ Agm
Amho.]>
373. doí`mì`dgm`, BË`mXr à`moOZmW© AkmZ ì`ŠVrMr IaoXr H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr 2[AR>am df} d`mImcrc ì`ŠVrcm
doí`mì`dgm`mÀ`m qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrer {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ~oH$m`Xoera Am{U
AZ¡{VH$ à`moOZmW© H$moUË`mhr d`mcm H$m‘r cmdco Omdo qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna Ho$cm Omdm `m CÔoemZo AWdm Aer ì`ŠVr
Aem H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmW© H$moUË`mhr d`mcm H$m‘r cmdÊ`mV òB©c qH$dm Ë`mgmR>r {VMm dmna H$aÊ`mV òB©c Agm g§^d
Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd AgVmZm]> Omo H$moUr Aem ì`ŠVrMr IaoXr H$arc, {Vcm ^mS>çmZo KoB©c qH$dm {VMm AÝ`Wm H$ãOm
{‘idrc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
1
[ñnï>rH$aU EH$.- Or H$moUVrhr doí`m ì`ŠVr qH$dm doí`mJ¥h ~miJUmar qH$dm Ë`mMr ì`dñWm nmhUmar H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr
AR>am df} d`mImcrc órMr IaoXr H$arc, {Vcm ^mS>çmZo KoB©c qH$dm {VMm AÝ`Wm H$ãOm {‘idrc Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo, doí`m
ì`dgm`mgmR>r Aem órMm Cn`moJ Ho$cm Omdm Aem CÔoemZo {VMm H$ãOm {‘idcm Ago, Ë`m{déÕ em~rV H$aÊ`mV òB©n`ªV,
J¥hrV YaÊ`mg òB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU XmoZ- {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ `mcm H$c‘ 372 ‘Üò {Xë`mà‘mUo VmoM AW© Agoc.]>
374. ~oH$m`Xoera ~oR>{~Jmar.- Omo H$moUr ~oH$m`XoeranUo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda, {VÀ`m BÀN>o{déÕ l‘ H$aÊ`mMr gŠVr
H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
1. 1924 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 18, H$c‘ 3 Ûmao hr ñnï>roH$aUo g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcr.

2. 1924 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 18, H$c‘ 2 Ûmao {dd{jV ‘yi eãXm§EodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 129
c¢{JH$ AnamYm§{df`r
1
[375. ~cmËH$ma .- EImXm nwéf Oa -
(a)Amnco {eíZ EImÚm órÀ`m `moZr‘mJm©V, Vm|S>mV, ‘yÌ‘mJm©V qH$dm JwXÛmamV H$moUË`mhr à‘mUmV Kwgdrc qH$dm
{Vcm Ë`mÀ`mer qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrer qH$dm Vgo H$aÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>rc qH$dm
(b) H$moUVrhr dñVy qH$dm {eíZ Zgoc Agm earamMm EImXm ^mJ EImÚm órÀ`m `moZr‘mJm©V, ‘yÌ‘mJm©V qH$dm JwXÛmamV
H$moUË`mhr à‘mUmV Kwgdrc qH$dm {Vcm Ë`mÀ`mer qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrer Vgo H$aÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>rc;
qH$dm
(c) EImÚm órÀ`m earamMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ Aem arVrZo hmVmirc H$s Vmo {VÀ`m `moZr‘mJm©V, ‘yÌ‘mJm©V qH$dm JwXÛmamV
Kwgdcm OmB©c qH$dm {Vcm Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVr~amo~a Vgo H$aÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>rc; qH$dm
(d) Amnco Vm|S> EImÚm órÀ`m `moZr‘mJm©cm, JwXÛmamcm, ‘yÌ‘mJm©cm cmdrc qH$dm {Vcm Ë`mÀ`mer qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVr~amo~a Vgo H$aÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>rc Va, -
n{hco - {VÀ`m BÀN>o{déÕ.
Xwgao - {VÀ`m g§‘Vr{dZm,
{Vgao - Ooìhm {Vcm qH$dm {VMo {hVg§~§Y {OÀ`m‘Üò Jw§Vcoco AgVrc Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm
OI‘r H$aÊ`mÀ`m ^rVrImcr R>odyZ {VMr g§‘Vr {‘idcr Agoc Aem~m~VrV, {VÀ`m g§‘VrZo,
Mm¡Wo - Ooìhm Ë`m nwéfmcm, AmnU {VMm nVr Zmhr Am{U {VMm Á`mÀ`mer {ddmh Pmcm Amho Vmo AÝ` nwéf AmnU
AmhmoV `m {dídmgmZo qH$dm {VMm Ë`mÀ`mer {d{Y`wŠV {ddmh Pmcocm Amho `m {dídmgmZo {VZo g§‘Vr {Xcr
Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm {VÀ`m g§‘VrZo,
nmMdo - g§‘Vr XoÊ`mÀ`mdoir, ‘Zmo{dH$cVo‘wio qH$dm ZeoV Agë`m‘wio qH$dm Ë`mZo ñdV: qH$dm AÝ` ì`ŠVr‘m’©$V
H$moUVohr ‘Vr Jw§J H$aUmao qH$dm AnÏ`H$maH$ nXmW© godZ H$aÊ`mg {Xë`m‘wio Vr Á`m Jmoï>rgmR>r g§‘Vr XoV
Amho Ë`mMo ñdê$n d n[aUm‘ OmUÊ`mg Vr Ag‘W© AgVmZm {VÀ`m g§‘VrZo,
ghmdo - Vr AR>amnojm H$‘r d`mMr AgVmZm {VÀ`m g§‘VrZo qH$dm {VÀ`m g§‘Vr{dZm.
gmVdo - Vr g§‘Vr gy{MV H$aÊ`mg Ag‘W© AgVmZm, `mn¡H$s H$moUVrhr n[apñWVr AgVmZm Ë`mZo darc H¥$Vr
Ho$cr Agë`mg Ë`mZo "~cmËH$ma' Ho$cm Ago åhUÊ`mV òB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU 1 : `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r, ""`moZr‘mJ©'' `m g§koV ~¥hV ^Jmoð> (cm°{~`m ‘Omoam) Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2 : g§‘Vr åhUOo, Ooìhm ór, eãXm§Ûmao, hmd^mdmÛmao qH$dm empãXH$ qH$dm eãXm{dZm g§gy{MV H$aÊ`mÀ`m
H$moUË`mhr àH$mamÛmao {d{eï> c¢{JH$ H¥$Vr‘Üò gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMr Amncr BÀN>m Xe©drc Aer Ag§{X½Y ñdoÀN>mnyd©H$ gh‘Vr.
na§Vw Ago H$s, EImÚm órZo Aem A§Vd}eZmcm (AmV KwgÊ`mcm) earamZo à{V~§Y Ho$cm Zmhr Va Ho$di Ë`m H$maUmgmR>r
Vr c¢{JH$ H¥$VtZm g§‘Vr XoVo Ago ‘mZÊ`mV òUma Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU 1 : d¡ÚH$s` à{H«$`m qH$dm A§Vd}eZ ho ~cmËH$ma AgUma Zmhr.
ñnï>rH$aU 2 : nwéfmZo Amnë`m ñdV:À`m n§Yam dfmªnojm H$‘r d`mÀ`m Zgoc Aem nËZr~amo~a Ho$cocm g§^moJ qH$dm c¢{JH$
H¥$Vr hm ~cmËH$ma AgUma Zmhr.]
1. gZ 2013 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.13 H$b‘ 9 AÝd¶o ‘yi H$b‘o 375, 376, 376-A, 376-B, 376-C$ d 376-D> EodOr 375,
376, 376-A, 376-B, 376-C$, 376-D> d 376-E hr H$b‘o g‘m{dï> H$aÊ¶mV Ambr. (3-2-2013 nmgyZ A‘bmV.)
^mX§g-9
130 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
376. ~cmËH$mamgmR>r {ejm.- (1) Omo H$moUr, nmoQ>H$c‘ (2) ‘Üò VaVyX H$aÊ`mV Amcocr àH$aUo dJiyZ AÝ`
~m~VrV, ~cmËH$ma H$arc Ë`mcm gmV dfmªnojm H$‘r Zmhr; na§Vw AmOrd H$mamdmgmn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer H$moUË`mhr EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
(2) Omo H$moUr -
(a) nmocrg A{YH$mar AgVmZm, -
(i) Aem nmocrg A{YH$mè`mMr Á`m nmocrg R>mÊ`mV Zo‘UyH$ H$aÊ`mV Amcr Agoc Ë`m nmocrg R>mÊ`mÀ`m
hÔr‘Üò; qH$dm
(ii) H$moUË`mhr R>mUoJ¥hmÀ`m n[admñVyV qH$dm
(iii) Aem nmocrg A{YH$mè`mÀ`m qH$dm Aem nmocrg A{YH$mè`mcm Xwæ`‘ Agcoë`m nmocrg A{YH$mè`mÀ`m
Vmã`mVrc órda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(b) cmoH$godH$ AgVmZm, Aem cmoH$godH$mÀ`m qH$dm Aem cmoH$godH$mcm Xwæ`‘ Agcoë`m cmoH$godH$mÀ`m Vmã`mV
Agcoë`m órda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(c) H|$Ð qH$dm amÁ` emgZmZo EImÚm joÌmV V¡ZmV Ho$cocm geó XcmVrc gXñ` AgVmZm Aem joÌmV ~cmËH$ma
H$arc; qH$dm
(d) Vwé§J, gwYmaJ¥h, qH$dm Ë`m-Ë`mdoir A‘cmV Agcoë`m H$m`ÚmÛmao qH$dm Ë`mAÝdò ñWmnZ Ho$cocr BVa H$moUVrhr
hdmcV qH$dm ‘{hcm§À`m qH$dm ‘wcm§À`m g§ñWoÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmda qH$dm H$‘©MmardJm©V AgVmZm Aem Vwé§JmVrc,
gwYmaJ¥hmVrc, {R>H$mUmVrc qH$dm g§ñWoVrc H$moUË`mhr A§Vdm©grda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(e) é½Umc`mÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmda qH$dm H$‘©MmardJm©V AgVmZm é½Umc`mVrc ‘{hcoda ~cmËH$ma H$arc qH$dm,
(f) EImÚm ‘{hcoMm ZmVodmB©H$, nmcH$ qH$dm {ejH$ AgVmZm qH$dm Ë`m ‘{hcoMm {dídñV qH$dm àm{YH$mar `m
pñWVrVrc ì`ŠVr AgVmZm Aem ‘{hcoda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(g) OmVr` qH$dm gm§àXm{`H$ X§Jcr‘Üò ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(h) EImXr ór JamoXa Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm Ë`m órda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(i) EImXr ór gmoim dfmªnojm H$‘r d`mMr AgVmZm {VÀ`mda ~cmËH$ma H$arc;
(j) g§‘Vr XoÊ`mg Aj‘ Agcoë`m órda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(k) EImÚm órda {Z`§ÌU qH$dm dM©ñd R>odÊ`mÀ`m pñWVrV AgVmZm Aem órda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(l) ‘mZ{gH$ qH$dm emar[aH$Ñï>çm An§J Agcoë`m órda ~cmËH$ma H$arc; qH$dm
(m) ~cmËH$ma H$aVmZm Ë`m órcm J§^ra emar[aH$ XwImnV H$arc qH$dm n§Jy H$arc qH$dm {dÐzn H$arc qH$dm EImÚm
órÀ`m OrdZmg YmoH$m {Z‘m©U H$arc; qH$dm
(n) EH$mM ‘{hcoda dma§dma ~cmËH$ma H$arc,
Ë`mcm Xhm dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc; na§Vw AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer åhUOo, Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$
Am`wî`mÀ`m Cd©[aV ^mJmgmR>r gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 131
ñnï>rH$aU - `m nmoQ>H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r-
(a) ""geó Xc-- åhUOo, Zm¡Xc, goZm d dm`wXc Am{U Ë`mV Ë`m Ë`m doir A‘cmV Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr
H$m`ÚmÛmao K{Q>V Ho$coë`m geó XcmMm VgoM, Oo H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m qH$dm amÁ` emgZmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmImcr AgVo
Ago g§gXr` Xc d H$moUVohr ghm`H$ Xc `m§Mmhr g‘mdoe hmoVmo;
(b) ""é½Umc`'' åhUOo é½Umc`mMr àgr‘m Am{U Ë`mV, ì`ŠVtZm XwIÊ`mV ~ao hmoV AgVmZm CnMmamgmR>r qH$dm
d¡ÚH$s` XoI^mc qH$dm nwZd©gZmMr JaO AgUmè`m§Zm XmIc H$ê$Z KoUmè`m g§ñWm§À`m àgr‘m§Mmhr g‘mdoe hmoVmo;
(c) ""nmocrg A{YH$mar'' `m g§kocm, nmocrg A{Y{Z`‘, 1861 ‘Üò ""nmocrg'' `m g§kocm Omo AW© Zo‘yZ {Xcm Amho
VmoM AW© Agoc;
(d) ""‘{hcm§Mr qH$dm ‘wbm§Mr g§ñWm'' åhUOo, AZmWmc`, Cno{jV ‘{hcm§gmR>r qH$dm ‘wcm§gmR>r J¥h qH$dm {dYdm J¥h
`mn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr ZmdmZo g§~moYÊ`mV òUmar g§ñWm qH$dm ‘{hcm qH$dm ‘wcm§Mm ñdrH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{U H$miOr
KoÊ`mgmR>r Or ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amcocr Amho Am{U {OMr ì`dñWm nmhÊ`mV òV Amho Aer BVa H$moUË`mhr ZmdmZo
g§~moYÊ`mV òUmar g§ñWm.
376-A. nr{S>V ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg H$maU R>aUo qH$dm {VMr {Q>Hy$Z amhUmar dZñnVrdV AdñWm hmoÊ`mV n`©dgmZ
hmoUo `mgmR>r {ejm.- Omo H$moUr H$c‘ 376 Mo nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) qH$dm nmoQ>H$c‘ (2) AÝdò {ejm`mo½` Agcocm AnamY H$arc
Am{U Aer H¥$Vr H$aVmZm Ë`m ‘{hcocm Aem OI‘m H$arc H$s Ë`m‘wio {VMm ‘¥Ë`y hmoB©c qH$dm Ë`m ‘{hcoMr gVV {Q>Hy$Z
amhUmar dZñnVrdV AdñWm hmoB©c, Ë`mcm drg dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc, na§Vw AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmn`ªV Agy eHo$c åhUOoM Ë`m
ì`ŠVrÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ OrdZmÀ`m Cd©[aV H$mimn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘XVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm XohmÝVmMr {ejm hmoB©c.
376-B. ’$maH$VrÀ`m H$mimV nVrMm nËZrer c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘.- Omo H$moUr, Or {dcJrH$aUmÀ`m hþHy$‘Zmå`m‘wio qH$dm
AÝ` H$maUmZo doJir amhVo Aem Amnë`m nËZrer {VÀ`m g§‘Vr{dZm c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘ H$arc Ë`mcm XmoZ dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc; na§Vw
gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U Vmo, X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
ñnï>rH$aU : `m H$c‘mV, ""c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘'' åhUOo, H$c‘ 375 I§S> (A) Vo (S>) ‘Üò Z‘yX Ho$cocr H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr.
H$c‘ 376-C$. àm{YH$mar ì`ŠVrZo c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr,
(a) àm{YH$mar XOm©V qH$dm {dídmgm{lV ZmVog§~§YmV AgVmZm qH$dm
(b) cmoH$godH$ AgVmZm, qH$dm
(c) Vwé§J, gwYmaJ¥h qH$dm Ë`m Ë`m doir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÛmao qH$dm Ë`mAÝdò g§ñW{nV Ho$cocr
hdmcVrMr H$moUVrhr OmJm qH$dm ‘{hcm§Mr qH$dm ‘wcm§Mr g§ñWm `m§Mm AYrjH$ qH$dm ì`dñWmnH$ AgVmZm qH$dm
(d) é½Umc`mÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmda AgVmZm qH$dm é½Umc`mÀ¶m H$‘©Mmar dJm©V AgVmZm,
Ë`mÀ`m Vmã`mVrc qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m à^mamImcrc qH$dm Ë`m n[admñVyV CnpñWV Agcoë`m EImÚm ‘{hcoZo Ë`m§À`mer
c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘ H$amdm `mgmR>r {Vcm àcmo^Z XmIdÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ’y$g cmdÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m Aem XOm©Mm qH$dm {dídmgm{lV
ZmË`mMm J¡admna H$arc Va ~cmËH$mamMm AnamY R>aV ZgUmam c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘mgmR>r Ë`mcm nmM dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc, na§Vw Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c Aer H$moUË`mhr EH$m dU©ZmMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, Am{U Vmo X§S>mghr nmÌ Agoc.
132 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
ñnï>rH$aU 1 : `m H$c‘mV ""c¢{JH$ g‘mJ‘'' åhUOo, H$c‘ 375 À`m I§S> (a) Vo (d) ‘Üò Z‘yX Ho$cocr H$moUVrhr
H¥$Vr.
ñnï>rH$aU 2 : `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZm§gmR>r H$c‘ 375 Mo ñnï>rH$aU 1 gwÕm cmJy Agoc.
ñnï>rH$aU 3 : Vwé§J, gwYmaJ¥h qH$dm hdmcVrMr BVa H$moUVrhr OmJm `m§À`m g§~§YmVrc ""AYrjH$'' `m g§koV, Aem
Vwé§JmV, gwYmaJ¥hmV, OmJoV qH$dm g§ñWoV EImXr ì`ŠVr BVa H$moUVohr nX YmaU H$arV Agoc Am{U Ë`m nXm‘wio Aem
ì`ŠVrcm VoWrc A§Vdm©gtda àm{YH$ma qH$dm {Z`§ÌU R>odVm òV Agoc Va Aem ì`ŠVrMmhr g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 4 : ""é½Umc`'' Am{U ""‘{hcm§Mr qH$dm ‘wcm§Mr g§ñWm'' `m g§km§Zm, H$c‘ 376 À`m nmoQ>H$c‘ (2) ‘Üò
Omo AW© {Xcm Agoc VmoM AW© Agoc.
376-D. gm‘y{hH$ ~cmËH$ma.- Ooìhm EImÚm órda Á`m§Mm {‘iyZ JQ> hmoVmo qH$dm Oo g‘mZ CÔoemÀ`m nwï>çW© H¥$Vr
H$aVmV Aer EH$ qH$dm AZoH$ ì`ŠVr ~cmËH$ma H$aVrc Voìhm Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s àËòH$mZo ~cmËH$mamMm AnamY Ho$cm Agë`mMo
‘mZÊ`mV òB©c Am{U Ë`mcm (àËòH$mcm) drg dfmªnojm H$‘r Zgoc; na§Vw AmOrdZ åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ Am`wî`mÀ`m Cd©[aV
H$mcmdYrgmR>r gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Am{U X§S>hr hmoB©c.
na§Vw Ago H$s, Agm X§S> hm nr{S>VoMm d¡ÚH$s` IM© ^mJdÊ`mgmR>r Am{U {VÀ`m nwZd©gZmgmR>r `mo½` d dmOdr Agoc BVH$m
Agoc.
na§Vw AmUIr Ago H$s, `m H$c‘mÝdò cmXcocm H$moUVmhr X§S> hm nr{S>Vocm XoÊ`mV òB©c.
376-E. AnamYmMr nwZamd¥Îmr Pmë`mg {ejm.- Á`m H$moUmcm H$c‘ 376 qH$dm H$c‘ 376-A qH$dm H$c‘
376-D> Imcrc AnamYmgmR>r {gÕXmof R>adco Agoc, Ë`mZo CŠV H$c‘m§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr H$c‘mÝdò {ejm`mo½` AnamY
Ho$ë`m~Ôc Ë`mcm nwÝhm {gÕXmof R>adco Agoc Va Ë`mcm AmOrdZ H$mamdmgmMr åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ Am`wî`mÀ`m Cd©[aV
H$mcmdYrgmR>r H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm XohmÝVmMr {ejm hmoB©c.]>
AZ¡g{J©H$ AnamYm§{df`r
377. AZ¡g{J©H$ AnamY.- Omo H$moUr, {ZgJ©H«$‘m{déÕ H$moUË`mhr nwéfmer qH$dm órer qH$dm àmÊ`mer BÀN>mnyd©H$
earag§^moJ H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU- `m H$c‘m‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coë`m AnamYmH$[aVm Amdí`H$ Vmo earag§^moJ KS>Ê`mg `moZràdoe nwaogm Amho.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§ìXmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mionmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 133
àH$aU 17 do
‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m {damoYr AnamYm§{df`r
Mmoar{df`r
378. Mmoar.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$ãOmVyZ H$moUVrhr O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm, Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Aàm‘m{UH$nUo
KoD$Z OmÊ`mMm CÔoemZo, Ver Vr KoVm `mdr `mgmR>r ñWmZ^«ï> H$aVmo, Vmo Mmoar H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm Zgcocr EImXr dñVy ^y‘rer g§c¾ AgoVmon`ªV MmoarMr {df`dñVy ZgVo; nU Vr
^y‘rnmgyZ {dcJ H$aÊ`mV Amcr H$s cJoM MmoarMr {df`dñVy hmoD$ eH$Vo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio {dcJrH$aU hmoB©c Vr`moJo KS>Umar ñWmZ^«ï>Vm hr Mmoar Agy eHo$c.
ñnï>rH$aU 3.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo EImXr dñVy ñWmZ^«ï> hmoÊ`mg à{V~§Y H$aUmam AS>Wim Xya Ho$ë`mg qH$dm Vr AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr dñVynmgyZ doJir Ho$ë`mg d Ë`mMà‘mUo Vr àË`jnUo hcdë`mg Ë`m‘wio Vr dñVy ñWmZ^«ï> hmoÊ`mg Vr ì`ŠVr
H$maU Pmcr Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 4.- Or ì`ŠVr H$moUË`mhr gmYZmìXmao EImÚm àmÊ`mg ñWmZ^«ï> H$aVo Vr Ë`m àmÊ`mg ñWmZ^«ï> H$aVo, d
AemàH$mao {Z‘m©U Pmcoë`m JVrÀ`m n[aUm‘r Ë`m àmÊ`mH$Sy>Z Or dñVy hc{dÊ`mV òVo Ë`m àËòH$ dñVycm Vr ì`ŠVr ñWmZ^«ï>
H$aVo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 5.- ì`m»ò‘Üò {Z{X©ï> Ho$cocr g§‘Vr ñnï> qH$dm Cnc{jV Agy eHo$c, Am{U Á`m ì`ŠVrH$S>o H$ãOm Agoc
Vr ì`ŠVr qH$dm Ë`m à`moOZmW© ñnï> qH$dm Cnc{jV àm{YH$ma Agcocr H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Vr g§‘Vr XoD$ eHo$c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "`' À`m O{‘ZrVrc PmS> "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Aàm‘m{UH$nUo "`' À`m H$ãOmVyZ KoD$Z OmÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$'
Vo PmS> VmoS>Vmo. `m~m~VrV, PmS> AemàH$mao ZoVm `mdo `mgmR>r "H$' Zo Vo VmoS>co H$s, cJoM "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago
hmoVo.
(b) Hw$Í`m§Zm Am{‘f XmIdÊ`mgmR>r "H$' ñdV:À`m pIemV H$mhr dñVy R>odVmo, d AemàH$mao "`' À`m Hw$Í`mcm ‘mJmo‘mJ
òÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aVmo. `m ~m~VrV "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo "`' À`m H$ãOmVyZ Hw$Ìm KoD$Z OmÊ`mMm
"H$' Mm CÔoe Agë`mg, "`' Mm Hw$Ìm "H$' À`m ‘mJmo‘mJ OmD$ cmJcm H$s, "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoVo.
(c) "H$' cm EodOmZo âcocr noQ>r dmhÿZ ZoV Agcocm ~¡c {XgVmo, Vmo EodO Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo KoD$Z OmÊ`mgmR>r Vmo
Ë`m ~¡cmcm {d{eï> {XeoZo hmH$Vmo. ~¡c Mmcy cmJcm H$s, "H$' Zo EodOmMr Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoVo.
(d) "H$' hm "`' Mm ZmoH$a AgyZ "`' Mr ‘yë`dmZ² ^m§S>r gm§^miÊ`mMo H$m‘ "`' Zo "H$' H$S>o gmon{dco AgyZ, "H$' hm
"`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ‘yë`dmZ ^m§S>r KoD$Z niyZ OmVmo. "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Amho.
(e) "`' àdmgmcm {ZKmcm AgyZ, Vmo "H$' `m dIma‘mcH$mH$S>o Amncr ‘yë`dmZ ^m§S>r AmnU àdmgmhÿZ naV òB©n`ªV
gm§^miÊ`mgmR>r XoVmo. "`' Vr ‘yë`dmZ² ^m§S>r gmoZmamH$S>o ZoD$Z {dH$Vmo. `m~m~VrV, Vr ‘yë`dmZ ^m§S>r "`' À`m
H$ãOmV ZìhVr. Ë`mAWu Vr "`' À`m H$ãOmVyZ KoVcr OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm ZìhVr Am{U åhUyZ "H$' Zo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ
Ý`mg^§J Ho$cocm Agcm Var Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoV Zmhr.
(f) "H$' cm "`' À`m Vmã`mVrc Kam‘Üò Q>o~cmda "`' Mr A§JR>r {‘iVo. `m~m~VrV A§JR>r "`' À`m H$ãOmV Amho
Am{U "H$' Zo Vr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo hcdcr Agoc Va, "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoVo.
134 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(g) "H$' cm â añË`mda Hw$UmÀ`mhr H$ãÁ`mV Zgcocr A§JR>r nS>cocr {‘iVo. Vr "H$' Zo KoVë`m‘wio Ë`mZo
‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Anhma Ho$cocm Agcm Var Ë`mZo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoV Zmhr.
(h) "`' À`m Kam‘Üò "`' Mr A§JR>r Q>o~cmda Agë`mMo "H$' nhmVmo. Amncr PS>Vr KoVcr Joë`mg AmnU gmnSy> `m
^rVrZo "H$' cm A§JR>rMm Vm~S>Vmo~ Anhma H$aÊ`mMo YmS>g Z Pmë`m‘wio Vmo Vr A§JR>r Aem {R>H$mUr cndVmo H$s
Vmo "`' cm Ho$ìhmhr gmnS>Uo AË`§V Ag§^dZr` Amho. CÔoe hm H$s, Vr hadë`mMm {dga nS>ë`mZ§Va A§JR>r OoWo
cn{dcr Ë`m OmJo‘YyZ Vr A§JR>r H$mTy>Z {dH$mdr. `m ~m~VrV "H$' Zo A§JR>r àW‘ Á`mdoir hcdcr Ë`mdoir Ë`mZo
Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoVo.
(i) "H$' hm "`' øm Odm{hè`mH$S>o Amnco KS>çmi {Z`{‘V H$aÊ`mgmR>r XoVmo. "`' Vo Amnë`m XwH$mZmV ZoVmo. Á`m~Ôc
Odm{hè`mcm VmaU åhUyZ Vo KS>çmi H$m`XoeranUo R>odyZ KoVm òB©c AemàH$mao H$moUVohr F$U "H$' H$Sy>Z Xo` ZgyZ
Vmo XwH$mZmV CKS>nUo {eaVmo d "`' À`m hmVmVyZ KS>çmi {hgH$mdyZ KoD$Z {ZKyZ OmVmo. `m~m~VrV, "H$' Zo
’$m¡OXmanmÌ A{VH«$‘U d h‘cm Ho$cocm Agcm Var Ë`mZo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoV Zmhr, H$maU Ë`mZo Oo H$mhr Ho$co
Vo Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Ho$coco Zmhr.
(j) KS>çmiçmMr XwéñVr Ho$ë`m~Ôc "H$' hm "`' Mo H$mhr n¡go XoUo cmJV AgyZ "`' Zo Ë`m F$Um~Ôc VmaU åhUyZ
H$m`XoeranUo KS>çmi R>odyZ KoVco d Amnë`m F$Um~ÔcMo VmaU åhUyZ Agcocr ‘mc‘Îmm "`' H$Sy>Z H$mTy>Z
KoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' Zo Vo KS>çmi KoVco Va, "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoVo, H$maU Vo Ë`mZo Aàm‘m{UH$nUo KoVco
Amho.
(k) VgoM "H$' Zo Amnco KS>çmi "`' H$S>o hS>n åhUyZ R>odcoco AgVmZm, Ë`m KS>çmù`mda Ë`mZo Oo n¡go CgZo KoVcoco
hmoVo Vo MwH$Vo Z H$aVm, Oa Ë`mZo "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ Vo KS>çmi Ë`mÀ`m H$ãOmVyZ H$mTy>Z KoVco Va, Vo KS>çmi
hr "H$' Mr ñdV:Mr ‘mc‘Îmm Agcr Var, Ë`mZo KS>çmimMr Mmoar Ho$cr Amho, H$maU Vo Ë`mZo Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
KoVco Amho.
(l) "H$' hm "`' Mr dñVy "`' À`m H$ãOmVyZ Ë`mÀ`m g§‘VrdmMyZ KoVmo, Vr naV H$aÊ`m~Ôc ~jrg åhUyZ "`' H$Sy>Z
n¡go {‘ion`ªV Vr R>odyZ KoÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Amho. `m~m~VrV, "H$' Vr dñVy Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo KoVmo, Ë`mAWu "H$'
Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Amho.
(m) "H$' Mo "`' er ‘¡ÌrMo g§~§Y Agë`mZo "H$' hm "`' À`m AZwnpñWVrV "`' À`m J«§Wmc`mV OmVmo Am{U EH$ nwñVH$
ZwgVo dmMyZ naV H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' hm "`' Zo ñnï>nUo g§‘Vr {Xcocr ZgVmZm Vo nwñVH$ ZoVmo. `m~m~VrV
"`' Mo nwñVH$ dmnaÊ`mH$[aVm "`' Mr Cnc{jV g§‘Vr Amho Aer "H$' Zo H$ënZm Ho$cocr Agmdr Aer eŠ`Vm
Amho. "H$' Mr Aer g‘OyV Pmcocr Agoc Va "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoV Zmhr.
(n) "H$' hm "`' À`m nËZrH$S>o {^jm ‘mJVmo. Vr "H$' cm n¡go, AÞ, dó XoVo. Vo {VMm nVr "`' `mMo Amho ho "H$' cm
‘mhrV Amho. `m~m~VrV "`' À`m nËZrcm {^jm XoÊ`mMr ‘wIË`mar Amho Aer "H$' Zo H$ënZm Ho$cocr Agmdr Aer
eŠ`Vm Amho. "H$' Mr Aer g‘OyV Agë`mg Ë`mZo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoV Zmhr.
(o) "H$' hm "`' À`m nËZrMm `ma Amho. Or ‘m¡ë`dmZ² ‘mc‘Îmm {VMm nVr "`' `mMr Agë`mMo Am{U Or XoÊ`mMr
‘wIË`mar {Vcm "`' H$Sy>Z {‘imcocr Zgë`mZo "H$' cm ‘mhrV Amho Aer ‘mc‘Îmm Vr "H$' cm XoVo. "H$' Zo Vr
‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo KoVë`mg, Vmo Mmoar H$aVmo Ago hmoVo.
(p) "`' Mr ‘mc‘Îmm hr ñdV:Mr ‘mc‘Îmm Agë`mMo gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OyZ "H$' Vr "I' À`m H$ãOmVyZ KoVmo. `m
~m~VrV "H$' Zo Vr ‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo KoVcr Zgë`mZo Vmo Mmoar H$aVmo Ago hmoV Zmhr.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 135
379. Mmoar~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr Mmoar H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
380. amhVo Ka, BË`mXtVrc Mmoar.- Or H$moUVrhr B‘maV, V§~y qH$dm Oc`mZ ‘mZdr dg{VñWmZ åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mV òV
Agoc qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m A{âjogmR>r dmnaÊ`mV òV Agoc Ë`m B‘maVr‘Üò, V§~y‘Üò qH$dm Oc`mZm‘Üò Omo H$moUr Mmoar
H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
381. H$maHw$ZmZo qH$dm MmH$amZo ‘mcH$mÀ`m H$ãOmVrc ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Mmoar H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr ñdV: H$maHy$Z qH$dm MmH$a
AgVmZm AWdm H$maHy$Z qH$dm MmH$a `m ZmË`mZo H$m‘mda cmdcocm AgVmZm, Ë`mÀ`m ‘mcH$mÀ`m qH$dm {Z`moŠË`mÀ`m H$ãOmVrc
H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m g§~§YmV Mmoar H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
382. Mmoar H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘¥Ë`y, XwImnV qH$dm {ZamoY KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Mmoar H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr, Mmoar
H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Aer Mmoar Ho$ë`mZ§Va niyZ OmUo gwH$a ìhmdo `mgmR>r qH$dm Aem Mmoar‘Üò Mmoacocr ‘mc‘Îmm R>odyZ
KoÊ`mgmR>r, H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~m~VrV ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm XwImnV qH$dm {ZamoY KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr AWdm ‘¥Ë`yMo, XwImnVrMo AWdm
{ZamoYmMo ^` {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Mmoar H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ hm "¶' À`m H$ãOmVrc ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Mmoar H$aVmo, Am{U, hr Mmoar H$aVmZm, "¶' Zo à{VH$ma Ho$ë`mg Ë`mcm
XwImnV H$amdr `mgmR>r EH$ âcoco {nñVyc KoD$Z Vo Vmo Amnë`m A§Ja»`mAmS> R>odVmo. "H$'$ Zo `m H$c‘mV
ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cocm Amho.
(b) "H$'$hm "¶' Mm pIgm H$mnVmo Ë`mdoir, H$m` Mmcco Amho Vo H$iyZ "¶' Zo à{VH$ma Ho$cm qH$dm "H$'$cm nH$S>Ê`mMm
à`ËZ Ho$cm Va Ë`mcm AS>dVm `mdo åhUyZ "¶' Zo Amnco AZoH$ gmWrXma Amnë`m Amgnmg Cô Ho$co hmoVo. "H$'$
Zo `m H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cocm Amho.
~cmX²J«hUm{df`r
383. ~cmX²J«hU.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Omo H$moUr IwÔ {Vcm qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr àH$mao jVr nmoMdÊ`mMr
^rVr KmcyZ Ë`mìXmao, H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm AWdm ‘yë`dmZ amo»`m§‘Üò ê$nm§V[aV H$aVm òB©c Aer
ñdmjarV qH$dm ‘wÐm§{H$V Ho$cocr H$moUVrhr MrO gwnyX© H$aÊ`mg Aem àH$mao ^rVr KmVcoë`m ì`ŠVrcm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm
H$aVmo Vmo ~cmX²J«hU H$aVmo.
CXmhaU
(a) "`' Zo "H$' cm n¡go {Xco ZmhrV Va "`' À`m g§~§Yr A~«yZwH$gmZH$maH$ AncoI à{gÕ H$aÊ`mMr "H$' hm "`' cm
Y‘H$s XoVmo. Vmo AemàH$mao AmnUm§g n¡go XoÊ`mH$[aVm ‘`’ cm àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "H$' Zo ~cmX²J«hU Ho$co Amho.
(b) "`' cm "H$' Zo {dd{jV a¸$‘ XoUo ~§YZH$maH$ H$aUmè`m dMZ{MR²>R>rda "`' Zo ghr H$ê$Z Vr {MR²>R>r "H$' cm gwnyX©
Ho$cr Zmhr Va "`' À`m ‘wcmcm AmnU J¡anUo n[aéÕ H$ê$ Aer "H$' hm "`' cm Y‘H$s XoVmo. "`' Ë`m {MR²>R>rda
ghr H$ê$Z Vr gwnyX© H$aVmo. "H$' Zo ~cmX²J«hU Ho$co Amho.
(c) "`' hm eoVrMo {dd{jV CËnÞ "I' cm XoB©c, AÝ`Wm X§S> ârc Ago ñdV:da ~§YZ KmcUmao ~§YnÌ "`' Zo
ñdmjarV H$ê$Z Vo "I' H$S>o gwnyX© Ho$co Zmhr Va, "`' À`m eoVmda Zm§Ja {’$adÊ`mgmR>r X§Sw>Ho$Ymar ‘mUgo
136 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
nmR>dÊ`mV òVrc, Aer "H$' hm "`' cm Y‘H$s XoVmo d Ë`mìXmao Vmo "`' cm Vo ~§YnÌ H$ê$Z gwnyX© H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm
H$aVmo. "H$' Zo ~cmX²J«hU Ho$co Amho.
(d) "`' cm O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mMr ^rVr KmcyZ "H$' hm "`' Zo H$moè`m H$mJXmda ghr H$ê$Z qH$dm Amncm {e¸$m ‘mê$Z
Vmo "H$' H$S>o gwnyX© H$amdm åhUyZ Ë`mcm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "`' hm H$mJXmda ghr H$ê$Z Vr "H$' H$S>o
gwnyX© H$aVmo. `m~m~VrV, AemàH$mao ghr Ho$coë`m H$moè`m H$mJXmMo ‘yë`dmZ amo»`m‘Üò ê$nmÝVa hmoD$ eH$V
Agë`m‘wio, "H$' Zo ~cmX²J«hU Ho$co Amho.
384. ~cmX²J«hUm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr ~cmX²J«hU H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
385. ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmoMdÊ`mMr ^rVr KmcUo.- Omo H$moUr, ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm H$moUË`mhr àH$mao jVr nmoMdÊ`mMr ^rVr Kmcrc qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm Ver ^rVr KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ
H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
386. EImÚm ì`ŠVrg ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV `m§Mr ^rVr KmcyZ ~cmX²J«hU H$aUo.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrg Omo H$moUr
IwÔ {VMm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr qH$dm {Vcm O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mMr ^rVr KmcyZ ~cmX²J«hU
H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr
nmÌ hmoB©c.
387. ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV `m§Mr ^rVr KmcUo.- ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Omo H$moUr IwÔ {VMm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr qH$dm {Vcm O~a XwImnV
H$aÊ`mMr ^rVr Kmcrc qH$dm ^rVr KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
388. ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm AmOrd H$mamdmg, BË`mXr {ejm§g nmÌ Aem AnamYmMm Amamon H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoD$Z ~cmX²J«hU
H$aUo.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Omo H$moUr {VZo qH$dm AÝ` H$moUmhr ì`ŠVrZo ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmg]>, qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMm H$mamdmg Aem {ejog nmÌ Agcocm H$moUVmhr AnamY Ho$ë`mMm qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`mMm
qH$dm Agm AnamY H$aÊ`mg AÝ` H$moUË`mhr Bg‘mcm àd¥Îm Ho$ë`mMm Amamon {VÀ`m{déÕ qH$dm Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVt{déÕ
H$aÊ`mMr ^rVr KmcyZ ~cmX²J«hU H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c Am{U Oa Vmo AnamY `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$c‘ 377 Imcr {ejmnmÌ Agcocm
Agm AnamY Agoc Va, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> {ejm hmoD$ eHo$c.
389. ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm {VZo AnamY Ho$ë`mMm Amamon H$aÊ`mMr ^rVr KmcUo.- ~cmX²J«hU
H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImÚm ì`ŠVrg Omo H$moUr {VZo qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmg]>, qH$dm Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMm H$mamdmg Aem {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY Ho$ë`mMm qH$dm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`mMm
Amamon Ë`m ì`ŠVt{déÕ qH$dm Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVt{déÕ H$aÊ`mMr ^rVr Kmcrc qH$dm ^rVr KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c; Am{U
Oa Vmo AnamY `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$c‘ 377 Imcr {ejmnmÌ Agcocm Agm AnamY Agoc Va, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, {ejm
hmoD$ eHo$c.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mionmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ.)
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 137
O~ar Mmoar d XamoS>m
390. O~ar Mmoar.- gd© àH$maÀ`m O~ar Mmoar‘Üò EH$Va Mmoar qH$dm ~cmX²J«hU `m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
Mmoar hr O~ar Mmoar Ho$ìhm R>aVo.- Oa, Mmoar H$aÊ`mgmR>r AWdm Mmoar H$aVmZm AWdm Mmoar‘Üò {‘imcocr ‘mc‘Îmm
nidyZ ZoVmZm qH$dm ZoÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmV AgVmZm AnamÜ`mZo Ë`m C{Ôï>mH$[aVm BÀN>mnyd©H$ H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~m~VrV, ‘¥Ë`y
qH$dm XwImnV qH$dm J¡a {ZamoY KS>dyZ AmUcm qH$dm Vgo KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm AWdm VËH$mi ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm VËH$mi
XwImnVrMr {§H§$dm VmËH$mi J¡a {ZamoYmMr ^rVr {Z‘m©U Ho$cr qH$dm Vgo H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Va, Vr Mmoar hr O~ar Mmoar R>aVo.
~cmX²J«hU ho Ho$ìhm O~ar Mmoar R>aVo.- ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir Oa AnamYr Á`m ì`ŠVrcm ^rVr KmcÊ`mV Amcr
Agoc Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m g‘j CnpñWV AgyZ Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm Ë`mZo Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m qH$dm AÝ` EImÚm ì`ŠVtÀ`m ~m~VrV,
VmËH$mi ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm VmËH$mi XwImnV qH$dm VmËH$mi J¡a {ZamoY `mMr ^rVr KmcyZ ~cmX²J«hU Ho$co Am{U Aer ^rVr KmcyZ Ë`mZo
~cmX²J«hU H$amd`mMr dñVy VoWë`m VoWo ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mg Ë`m ^rVr KmVcoë`m ì`ŠVrcm àd¥Îm Ho$co Va, Vo ~cmX²J«hU hr O~ar
Mmoar R>aVo.
ñnï>rH$aU- AnamYr Oa, Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrcm VËH$mi ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm VËH$mi XwImnV qH$dm VËH$mi J¡a {ZamoY `m§Mr ^rVr
Kmcy eH$Ê`mBVnV Odinmg Agoc Va, Vmo g‘j CnpñWV Amho Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$ ' hm "`' cm Imcr nmSy>Z YaVmo d "`' À`m g§‘VrdmMyZ H$nQ>rnUmZo "`' À`m A§Ja»`m‘YyZ "`' Mo n¡go d aËZo
H$mTy>Z KoVmo. `m ~m~VrV, "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Amho Am{U Vr Mmoar H$aVm `mdr `mgmR>r Ë`mZo BÀN>mnyd©H$ "`' cm
J¡anUo {ZéÕ Ho$co Amho. `mAWu "H$' Zo O~ar Mmoar Ho$cr Amho.
(b) "H$' hm "`' cm â añË`mda JmR>Vmo, {nñVyc XmIdVmo, Am{U "`' Mr n¡emMr W¡cr ‘mJVmo. n[aUm‘r "`' Amncr
W¡cr ñdmYrZ H$aVmo. `m~m~VrV "H$' Zo "`' cm VËH$mi XwImnVrMr ^rVr KmcyZ "`' H$Sy>Z Vr W¡cr O~arZo KoVcr
Amho, d ~cmX²J«hU H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir Vmo "`' À`m g‘j CnpñWV Amho. Ë`mAWu "H$' Zo O~ar Mmoar Ho$cr Amho.
(c) "H$' hm "`' cm d "`' À`m ‘wcmcm â añË`mda JmR>Vmo. "H$' Ë`m ‘wcmcm {hgH$mdyZ KoVmo Am{U "`' Zo Amncr
n¡emMr W¡cr ñdmYrZ Ho$cr Zmhr Va AmnU Ë`m ‘wcmcm H$S>çmdê$Z Imcr ’o$Hy$Z XoD$ Aer Y‘H$s XoVmo. n[aUm‘r,
"`' Amncr W¡cr ñdmYrZ H$aVmo. `m~m~VrV VoWo g‘j CnpñWV Agcoë`m ‘wcmcm VmËH$mi XwImnV Ho$cr OmB©c
Aer "`' cm ^rVr KmcyZ "H$' Zo "`' H$Sy>Z n¡emMr W¡cr O~arZo KoVcr Amho. Ë`mAWu "H$' Zo "`' Mr O~ar Mmoar
Ho$cr Amho.
(d) ""VwPo ‘yc ‘mÂ`m Q>moirÀ`m hmVr Amho d Vy Am‘À`mH$S>o Xhm hOma énò nmR>dco Zmhrg Va, Ë`mMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ
AmUÊ`mV òB©c.'' Ago åhUyZ "H$' hm "`' H$Sy>Z ‘mc‘Îmm {‘idVmo ho ~cmX²J«hU Amho d ~cmX²J«hU åhUyZ
{ejmnmÌ Amho. nU "`' cm "`' À`m ‘wcmcm VËH$mi ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr ^rVr KmVcocr Zgoc Va, Vr O~ar
Mmoar Zìho.
391. XamoS>m.- Ooìhm nmM qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ì`ŠVr g§`wŠVnUo XamoS>m KmcVmV qH$dm KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV, AWdm
g§`wŠVnUo XamoS>m KmcUmè`m qH$dm KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVr Am{U VoWo CnpñWV amhÿZ Aem XamoS>m KmcÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r
qH$dm à`ËZm‘Üò ‘XV H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVr {‘iyZ EHy$U g§»`m nmM qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ Agoc Voìhm, `mà‘mUo XamoS>m KmcUmar,
à`ËZ H$aUmar qH$dm ‘XV H$aUmar àËòH$ ì`ŠVr XamoS>m KmcVo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
138 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
392. O~ar Mmoar~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr O~ar Mmoar H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c, Am{U Oa O~ar Mmoar hr h‘añË`mda gy`m©ñV d gy`m}X` `m§À`m Xaå`mZ
H$aÊ`mV Amcr Va, H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV Mm¡Xm dfmªn`ªV dmT>{dVm òB©c.
393. O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$amdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
394. O~ar Mmoar H$aVmZm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV H$aUo.- Oa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo O~ar Mmoar H$aVmZm qH$dm H$aÊ`mÀ`m
à`ËZmV AgVmZm BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV Ho$cr Va, Aer ì`ŠVr Am{U Aer O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r qH$dm O~ar Mmoar
H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmV {VÀ`m OmoS>rZo {Z~Õ Agcocr AÝ` H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr `m§Zm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, {H$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Ë`m Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoVrc.
395. XamoS>çm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr XamoS>m Kmcrc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
396. IwZmg{hV XamoS>m.- g§`wŠVnUo XamoS>m KmcUmè`m nmM qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVtn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo Oa `mà‘mUo
XamoS>m KmcVmZm IyZ Ho$cm Va, Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s àËòH$ ì`ŠVrcm, ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vr Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
397. ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmg{hV O~ar Mmoar qH$dm XamoS>m.- O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mÀ`m
qH$dm XamoS>m KmcÊ`mÀ`m doir Oa AnamÜ`mZo H$moUË`mhr àmUKmVH$ hË`mamMm Cn`moJ Ho$cm, AWdm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg O~a
XwImnV Ho$cr, AWdm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm qH$dm {Vcm O~a XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Va, Aem
AnamÜ`mcm Á`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Ë`m§Mr ‘wXV gmV dfm©nojm H$‘r AgUma Zmhr.
398. àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer g‚m AgVmZm O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm XamoS>m KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo. - O~ar
Mmoar H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm XamoS>m KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir AnamYr H$moUË`mhr àmUKmVH$ hË`mam{Zer g‚m Agoc Va, Aem
AnamÜ`mcm Á`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c Vmo gmV dfmªnojm H$‘r AgUma Zmhr.
399. XamoS>m KmcÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr XamoS>m KmcÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr àH$mao nyd©V`mar H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm
dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
400. XamoS>oImoam§À`m Q>moirn¡H$s Agë`m~Ôc {ejm.- hm A{Y{Z`‘ g§‘V Pmë`mZ§Va H$moUË`mhr doir, Omo H$moUr
{ZËè: XamoS>o KmcÊ`mgmR>r g§K{Q>V Pmcoë`m ì`ŠVtÀ`m Q>moirn¡H$s Agoc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
401. Mmoam§À`m Q>moirn¡H$s Agë`m~Ôc {ejm.- hm A{Y{Z`‘ g§‘V Pmë`mZ§Va H$moUË`mhr doir, Omo H$moUr {ZËè:
Mmoar qH$dm O~ar Mmoar H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§K{Q>V Pmcoë`m ì`ŠVtMm H$moUË`mhr ^Q>Š`m qH$dm AÝ` àH$maÀ`m Q>moirn¡H$s-R>J qH$dm
XamoS>oImoa `m§Mr Q>moir Zìho-Agoc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo
402. XamoS>m KmcÊ`mgmR>r EH$Ì O‘Uo.- hm A{Y{Z`‘ g§‘V Pmë`mZ§Va H$moUË`mhr doir, Omo H$moUr XamoS>m KmcÊ`mgmR>r
O‘coë`m nmM qH$dm A{YH$ ì`ŠVrn¡H$s EH$ Agoc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""OÝ‘R>on/H$mionmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
OmZodmar, 1956 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ.)
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 139
‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Anhmam{df`r
403. ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Aàm‘m{UH$ Anhma.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr O§J‘ ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Anhma H$arc qH$dm
Amnë`m Cn`moJmgmR>r ñdV:Mr åhUyZ Vr dmnarc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$ ' hm "`' Mr ‘mc‘Îmm "`' À`m H$ãOmVyZ KoVmo d ‘mc‘Îmm AemàH$mao KoVmZm Vr ‘mc‘Îmm Ë`mMr ñdV:MrM
Amho Ago Vmo gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OVmo. "H$' Mmoar~Ôc Xmofr Zmhr, nU Oa Amncr MyH$ Ë`mcm H$iyZ Amë`mZ§Va,
Ë`mZo Vr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Amnë`m Cn`moJmgmR>r ñdV:Mr åhUyZ dmnacr Va, Vmo `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc
Xmofr Amho.
(b) "H$' Mo "`' ~amo~a ‘¡ÌrMo g§~§Y AgyZ, "`' À`m AZwnpñWVrV Vmo Ë`mÀ`m J«§Wmc`mV OmVmo d "`' À`m ñnï>
g§‘VrdmMyZ EH$ nwñVH$ KoD$Z OmVmo. `m~m~VrV, dmMÊ`mgmR>r nwñVH$ KoÊ`mMr AmnUm§g "`' Mr Cnc{jV g§‘Vr
Amho Aer "H$' Mr YmaUm Agë`mg "H$' Zo Mmoar Ho$cr Ago hmoV Zmhr. nU "H$' Zo Z§Va Ë`mÀ`m ñdV:À`m
’$m`ÚmgmR>r nwñVH$mMr {dH«$s Ho$cr Va, Vmo `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(c) "H$' Am{U "I' ho EH$m KmoS>çmMo g§`wŠV ‘mcH$ AgyZ, KmoS>m dmnaÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' Vmo "I'À`m H$ãOm‘YyZ
KoD$Z OmVmo. `m~m~VrV, "H$' cm Ë`m KmoS>çmMm dmna H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ Agë`mZo "H$' Zo Ë`m KmoS>çmMm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
Anhma Ho$cm Ago hmoV Zmhr. nU Oa "H$' Zo KmoS>çmMr {dH«$s Ho$cr Am{U {dH«$snmgyZ {‘imcocr gd© AmdH$
ñdV:À`m Cn`moJmgmR>r dmnacr Va, Vmo `m H$c‘mÝdò AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.-H$mhr {d{eï> H$mimnwaVm Ho$cocm Aàm‘m{UH$ Anhma hm `m H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma Anhma Amho.
CXmhaUo
"H$'$ cm H$moao n¥ð>m§H$Z Agcocr "¶' Mr gaH$mar dMZ{MR²R>r gmnS>Vo. Vr dMZ{MR²>R>r "¶' Mr Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ "H$'$
Vr EH$m ~±H$ ì`dgm`rH$S>o H$Om©Mo VmaU åhUyZ JhmU R>odVmo, Ago H$aVmZm nwT>o Ho$ìhmVar Vr dMZ{MÇ>r "¶' cm naV XoÊ`mMm
Ë`mMm CÔoe Amho. Varhr "H$'$Zo `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.-Or ì`ŠVr AmnUmg AÝ` H$moUmhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$ãOmV Zgcocr ‘mc‘Îmm Jdgcr AgVm, ‘mcH$mH$[aVm
Vr OnyZ R>odÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm Ë`mcm Vr naV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Aer ‘mc‘Îmm KoB©c Vr ì`ŠVr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Vr ‘mc‘Îmm KoV Zmhr
qH$dm {VMm Anhma H$arV Zmhr d Vr AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr hmoV Zmhr, nU {Vcm Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm ‘mcH$ ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm
emoYÊ`mMo gmYZ {Vcm CncãY AgyZ, AWdm {VZo ‘mcH$mcm emoYyZ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Am{U Ë`mcm ZmoQ>rg XoÊ`mgmR>r dmOdr
gmYZm§Mm Adc§~ Ho$cm AgyZ ‘mcH$mcm Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMr ‘mJUr H$aUo eŠ` hmoÊ`mBVnV dmOdr ‘wXVrn`ªV {VZo Vr R>odyZ KoVcr
Amho Ago hmoÊ`mnydu Oa {VZo Amnë`m Cn`moJmH$aVm ñdV:Mr åhUyZ dmnacr Va, Vr da ì`m»`m Ho$coë`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr
hmoVo.
dmOdr gmYZo H$moUVr qH$dm dmOdr ‘wXV H$moUVr hm Aem àH$aUr VÏ`{df`H$ àíZ AgVmo.
‘mc‘ÎmoMm ‘mcH$ H$moU Amho qH$dm A‘wH$ EH$ {d{eï> ì`ŠVr ‘mc‘ÎmoMr ‘mcH$ Amho ho JdofH$mcm ‘mhrV Agco nm{hOo
Aer Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr, Vr ñdV:Mr åhUyZ dmnaVmZm Vmo, Vr ñdV:Mr ‘mc‘Îmm Ago g‘OV Zmhr qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Iam ‘mcH$
gmnSy> eH$V Zmhr Ago Vmo gX²^mdnyd©H$ g‘OV Zmhr EdT>o nwaogo Amho.
140 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' cm â añË`mda EH$ én`m gmnS>Vmo, Vmo én`m H$moUmMm Amho ho Ë`mcm ‘mhrV Zmhr. "H$' Vmo én`m CMcVmo.
`m~m~VrV, "H$' Zo `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cocm Zmhr.
(b) "H$' cm ~±H$-ZmoQ> A§V^y©V Agcoco EH$ nÌ añË`mV gmnS>Vo. nÌmVrc gyMZm d ‘OHy$a dmMyZ Vr ~±H$-ZmoQ>
H$moUmMr Amho ho Ë`mcm g‘OVo. Vmo Vr ZmoQ> ñdV:Mr åhUyZ dmnaVmo. "H$' `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr
Amho.
(c) YmaUH$Ë`m©cm àXo` Agcocm EH$ YZmXoe "H$' cm gmnS>Vmo. Vmo YZmXoe H$moUmH$Sy>Z Jhmi Pmcm Agmdm `m{df`r
Ë`mcm A§XmO ~m§YVm òV Zmhr. nU, Á`mZo Vmo YZmXoe H$mT>cm Ë`mMo Zmd Ë`mda {XgVo. YZmXoe H$moUmÀ`m Zmdo
H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm hmoVm ho Vr ì`ŠVr AmnUm§g gm§Jy eHo$c ho "H$' cm ‘mhrV Amho. ‘mcH$mMm emoY KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ
Z H$aVm "H$' Vmo YZmXoe ñdV:Mm åhUyZ dmnaVmo. "H$' `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(d) "`' Mo n¡em§Zr âcoco nmH$sQ> Imcr nS>VmZm "H$' nmhVmo. "`' cm naV XoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' Vo nmH$sQ> CMcVmo,
nU Z§Va Vo ñdV:À`m Cn`moJmH$[aVm ñdV:Mo åhUyZ dmnaVmo. "H$' Zo `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
(e) "H$ ' cm n¡em§Zr âcoco nmH$sQ> gmnS>Vo, Vo H$moUmMo Amho ho Ë`mcm ‘mhrV Zmhr. Vo nmH$sQ> "`' Mo Amho Ago Ë`mcm
Z§Va g‘OVo, Am{U Vmo Vo Amnë`m Cn`moJmH$[aVm ñdV:Mo åhUyZ dmnaVmo. "H$' `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc
Xmofr Amho.
(f) "H$ ' cm ‘yë`dmZ A§JR>r gmnS>Vo, Vr H$moUmMr Amho ho Ë`mcm ‘mhrV Zmhr. ‘mcH$mMm emoY KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Z H$aVm
"H$' Vr A§JR>r Vm~S>Vmo~ {dH$Vmo. "H$' `m H$c‘mImcrc AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
404. ‘¥V ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yg‘`r {VÀ`m H$ãOmV Agcoë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Anhma.- ‘¥V ì`ŠVrÀ`m
H$ãOmV H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm {VÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m doir hmoVr Am{U Agm H$ãOm KoÊ`mg {d{YV: h¸$Xma Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$ãOmV Ë`mZ§Va Vr Zmhr ho ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr Aem ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Anhma H$arc qH$dm Amnë`m
Cn`moJmgmR>r Vr ñdV:Mr åhUyZ dmnarc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c, Am{U Oa Aem ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m doir, AnamYr hm H$maHy$Z qH$dm
MmH$a åhUyZ {VÀ`m ZmoH$arV Agoc Va, H$mamdmg gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c.
CXmhaUo
H$mhr ’${Z©Ma d n¡gm H$ãOmV AgVmZm "`' Mm ‘¥Ë`y hmoVmo. "H$' hm Ë`mMm MmH$a Agm H$ãOm KoÊ`mg h¸$Xma Agcoë`m
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$ãOm‘Üò n¡gm OmÊ`mnyduM Ë`m n¡em§Mm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Anhma H$aVmo. "H$' Zo `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m
H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§Jm{df`r
405. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr àH$mao ñdV:H$S>o ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm {VÀ`mdarc H$gcrhr hþHy$‘V
{dídmgmZo gmondÊ`mV Amcocr AgVmZm, Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Anhma H$aVmo AWdm Amnë`m Cn`moJmgmR>r Vr ñdV:Mr åhUyZ dmnaVmo
AWdm Agm Ý`mg H$moUË`m nÕVrZo nma nmS>mdm Vo {d{hV H$aUmam H$moUVmhr {d{Y{ZXoe AJa Agm Ý`mg nma nmS>Ê`mÀ`m
g§~§YmV Ë`mZo ñdV: Ho$cocr H$moUVrhr ñnï> qH$dm Cnc{jV d¡Y g§{dXm `m§Mm ^§J H$ê$Z Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm dmna
H$aVmo qH$dm {VMr dmgcmV cmdVmo qH$dm ~w{Õnwañga AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm Vgo H$ê$ XoVmo Vmo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J H$aVmo.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 141
1
[ñnï>rH$aU 2[1]>.- Or ì`ŠVr ñdV: EImÚm AmñWmnZoMm {Z`moŠVm AgyZ, Ë`m-Ë`m doir A§‘cmV Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr
H$m`ÚmÛmao ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amcoë`m ^{dî` {ZYr‘Üò qH$dm Hw$Qw>§~ doVZ {ZYr‘Üò O‘m H$aÊ`mgmR>r, H$‘©Mmè`mcm àXo`
Agcoë`m doVZm‘YyZ H$‘©Mmè`m§Mo A§eXmZ H$mnyZ KoVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrH$S>o, {VZo Aem arVrZo H$mnyZ KoVcocr A§eXmZmMr a¸$‘
{dídmgmZo gmondÊ`mV Amcocr Agë`mMo ‘mZÊ`mV òB©c Am{U CŠV A{Y{Z`‘mMm ^§J H$ê$Z, {VZo CŠV {ZYr‘Üò Aem
A§eXmZmMm âUm H$aÊ`mV H$gya Ho$cr Va, nydm}ŠVmà‘mUo {d{Y{ZXoemMm ^§J H$ê$Z CŠV A§eXmZmÀ`m aH$‘oMm {VZo Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
dmna Ho$cm Agë`mMo ‘mZÊ`mV òB©c.]>
2
[ñnï>rH$aU 2.-Or ì`ŠVr ñdV: EImXm {Z`moŠVm AgyZ, H$‘©Mmar amÁ` {d‘m A{Y{Z`‘ 1948 (1948 Mm 34)
`mImcr ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Omo H$‘©Mmar amÁ` {d‘m {ZYr H$‘©Mmar amÁ` {d‘m ‘hm‘§S>imZo YmaU Ho$cocm AgVmo d
Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Á`mMm H$ma^ma nm{hcm OmVmo Ë`m {ZYr‘Üò O‘m H$aÊ`mgmR>r, H$‘©Mmè`mcm àXo` Agcoë`m doVZm‘YyZ H$‘©Mmè`mMo
A§eXmZ H$mnyZ KoVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrH$S>o, {VZo Aem arVrZo H$mnyZ KoVcocr A§eXmZmMr a¸$‘ {dídmgmZo gmondÊ`mV Amcocr Agë`mMo
‘mZÊ`mV òB©c Am{U CŠV A{Y{Z`‘mMm ^§J H$ê$Z {VZo CŠV {ZYr‘Üò Aem A§eXmZmMm âUm H$aÊ`mV H$gya Ho$cr Va,
nydm}ŠVmà‘mUo {d{Y{ZXoemMm ^§J H$ê$Z CŠV A§eXmZmÀ`m aH$‘oMm {VZo Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo dmna Ho$cm Agë`mMo ‘mZÊ`mV
òB©c.]>
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm ‘¥V ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘¥Ë`wnÌmMm ‘¥Ë`wnÌì`dñWmnH$ AgyZ, ‘¥Ë`wnÌmZwgma Ë`mZo Om`XmXMr {d^mJUr H$amdr
Ago {ZX}{eV H$aUmè`m H$m`ÚmMr Vmo Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Adkm H$aVmo d Amnë`m Cn`moJmgmR>r Vr ñdV:Mr åhUyZ
dmnaVmo. "H$' Zo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J Ho$cm Amho.
(b) "H$' hm dImanmc Amho. "`' àdmgmcm {ZKmcocm AgyZ Vmo Amnco ’${Z©Ma, dImarVrc ImocrH$[aVm R>amdrH$ a¸$‘
MwH$Vr H$aÊ`mV Amë`mZ§Va Vo naV H$aÊ`mV òB©c Aem g§{dXoAÝdò "H$' H$S>o {dídmgmZo gmon{dVmo.
"H$'Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Ë`m dñVy {dH$Vmo. "H$' Zo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J Ho$cm Amho.
(c) H$mocH$Ë`mV amhUmam "H$' hm {X„r‘Üò amhUmè`m "`' Mm A{^H$Vm© Amho. "`'H$Sy>Z "H$'cm nmR>dë`m OmUmè`m gd©
aH$‘m "`' À`m {ZXoemZwgma "H$' Zo Jw§Vdmì`mV Agm ñnï> qH$dm Cnc{jV H$ama "H$'Am{U "`' `m§À`m‘Üò Pmcocm
Amho. "`' hm "H$' cm EH$ cmI énò "H$ ' Zo Vo H§$nZrÀ`m amo»`m§‘Üò Jw§VdmdoV Agm {ZXoe XoD$Z nmR>dVmo. "H$'
Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo {ZXoem§Mr Adkm H$aVmo d Ë`mÀ`m ñdV:À`m Y§ÚmV Vo n¡go KmcVmo. "H$' Zo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J
Ho$cocm Amho.
(d) cJVnyd© CXmhaUmVrc "H$' Zo Oa, ~±H$ Am°’$ ~§Jmc‘Yrc eoAg© KoVë`mZo Vo "`' cm A{YH$ ’$m`Xoera R>aoc Ago
g‘OyZ, Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Zìho Va gX²^mdnyd©H$ "`'À`m {ZXoem§Mr Adkm Ho$cr Am{U "`' H$[aVm H§$nZrMo amoIo
{dH$V KoÊ`mEodOr ~±H$ Am°’$ ~|Jm°cMo eoAg© IaoXr Ho$co Va Ë`m~m~VrV, Oar "`' cm VmoQ>m gmogmdm cmJcm Am{U
Ë`m VmoQ>çm~Ôc Ë`mcm "H$' {dê$Õ {XdmUr H$madmB© H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ {‘imcm VargwÕm "H$' Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
dmJcocm Zgë`m‘wio Ë`mZo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J Ho$cocm Zmhr.
(e) "H$' `m ‘hgyc A{YH$mè`mH$S>o gaH$mar n¡go {dídmgmZo gmondÊ`mV Amcoco AmhoV d Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Agoc Vmo gd©
gaH$mar n¡gm Ë`mZo {dd{jV H$mofmJmamV âmdm Agm Ë`mcm H$m`ÚmÛmao {ZXoe XoÊ`mV Amcocm Amho AWdm
emgZmer Pmcoë`m ñnï> qH$dm Cnc{jV g§{dXoAÝdò Vgo H$aÊ`mg Vmo ~m§Ycocm Amho. "H$' Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Vmo
n¡gm ñdV:Mm åhUyZ dmnaVmo. "H$'Zo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J Ho$cocm Amho.
2. 1975 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 38-H$c‘ 9 Ûmao ‘yi ñnï>rH$aUmcm ñnï>rH$aU 1 Agm H«$‘m§H$ XoÊ`mV Amcm d ñnï>rH$aU 2 g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.
142 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(f) IwîH$s‘mJ} qH$dm Oc‘mJ} Ý`md`mMr ‘mc‘Îmm "H$' `m n[admhH$mH$S>o "`' Zo {dídmgmZo gmondcr Amho. "H$'
Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Anhma H$aVmo. "H$' Zo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J Ho$cocm Amho.
406. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§Jm~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
407. n[admhH$, BË`mXtZr Ho$cocm ’$m¡OXmar nmÌ Ý`mg^§J.- n[admhH$, ‘mcY¸$mdmcm qH$dm dImanmc åhUyZ
ñdV:H$S>o ‘mc‘Îmm {dídmgmZo gmondÊ`mV Amcocr AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Aem ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m g§~§YmV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J H$arc
Ë`mcm, gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
408. H$maHw$ZmZo qH$dm MmH$amZo Ho$cocm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J.- ñdV: H$maHy$Z qH$dm MmH$a AgyZ AWdm H$maHy$Z
qH$dm MmH$a `m ZmË`mZo ZmoH$ar H$arV AgyZ, Am{U Aem ZmË`mZo ñdV:H$S>o ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmodarc H$gcrhr hþHy$‘V
H$moUË`mhr arVrZo gmondÊ`mV Amcr AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m ~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV
dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
409. cmoH$godH$mZo AWdm ~±H$ ì`dgm`r, ì`mnmar qH$dm A{^H$Vm© `mZo Ho$cocm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J.- cmoH$godH$
`m ZmË`mZo AWdm ~±H$ ì`dgm`r, ì`mnmar, AS>Ë`m, Xcmc, ‘wIË`ma qH$dm A{^H$Vm© åhUyZ Amnë`m Y§ÚmÀ`m AmoKmV ñdV:H$S>o
EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmodarc H$gcrhr hþHy$‘V H$moUË`mhr arVrZo gmondÊ`mV Amcr AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m
~m~VrV ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maÊ`m{df`r
410. MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm.- Mmoar qH$dm ~cmX²J«hU qH$dm O~ar Mmoar `m‘wio {OMm H$ãOm hñVm§V[aV Pmcm Amho Vr ‘mc‘Îmm
Am{U {OMm ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Anhma Pmcm Amho qH$dm {OÀ`m ~m~VrV 2[’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J]> H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho Aer
‘mc‘Îmm MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm åhUyZ g§~moYÊ`mV òVo 3[‘J 4[^maVmV]> dm 4[^maVm~mhoa]> H$moR>ohr Vo hñVm§VaU Pmcoco Agmo, AWdm
Vmo Anhma qH$dm Ý`mg^§J H$moR>ohr H$aÊ`mV òdmo-]>. nU Aer ‘mc‘Îmm Ë`mZ§Va Oa, {VMm H$ãOm KoÊ`mg {d{YV: h¸$Xma
Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m H$ãOmV Amcr Va, Vr MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm AgÊ`mMo ~§X hmoVo.
411. Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maUo.- H$moUVrhr MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm, Vr MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm Amho ho ‘mhrV
AgVmZm qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Vr ñdrH$marc qH$dm R>odyZ KoB©c Ë`mcm, VrZ
dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
412. XamoS>m KmcVmZm Mmoacocr ‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ñdrH$maUo. - Omo H$moUr XamoS>m KmVë`mZo {OMm H$ãOm
hñVm§V[aV Pmcm Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Agoc qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg ñdV:cm H$maU Agoc Aer H$moUVrhr MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mionmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
2. 1891 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 12-H$c‘ 2 d 1 cr AZwgyMr Am{U 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 9 `m§Ûmao ""’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§JmMm
AnamY'' `mEodOr ho eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
3. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 9 Ûmao hm ‘OHy$a g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
4. H«$‘e:, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1948, AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950, 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""{~«{Q>e B§{S>`m''
`mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 143
Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ñdrH$marc qH$dm R>odyZ KoB©c AWdm Or Mmoarg Joë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Agoc qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg ñdV:cm
H$maU Agoc Aer ‘mc‘Îmm, Or ì`ŠVr XamoS>oImoam§À`m Q>moirn¡H$s Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Agoc qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg
ñdV:cm H$maU Agoc Aem ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ñdrH$marc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
413. MmoarÀ`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm {ZËè: ì`dhma H$aUo.- Or MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Agoc qH$dm Vgo
g‘OÊ`mg ñdV:cm H$maU Agoc Aer ‘mc‘Îmm Omo H$moUr {ZËè: ñdrH$marc qH$dm {VMm ì`dhma H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd
H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo
414. MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm cndyZ R>odÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r gmhmæ` H$aUo.- Or MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Agoc
qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg ñdV:cm H$maU Agoc Aer ‘mc‘Îmm cnd²yZ R>odÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm {VMr dmgcmV cmdÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Vr nidyZ
ZoÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r Omo H$moUr BÀN>mnyd©H$ gmhmæ` H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
R>H$dUwH$s{df`r
415. R>H$dUyH$.- Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMr {Xem^yc H$ê$Z, `mà‘mUo ’$gdë`m Jocoë`m ì`ŠVrcm EImÚm Bg‘mH$S>o
EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm gwnyX© H$aÊ`mg, qH$dm EImÚm Bg‘mZo EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm R>odyZ ¿`mdr `m Jmoï>rcm g§‘Vr XoÊ`mg H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm
Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aVmo AWdm `mà‘mUo {Xem^yc Pmcoë`m ì`ŠVrMr `mà‘mUo {Xem^yc Pmcr ZgVr Va {VZo Or Jmoï>
Ho$cr ZgVr qH$dm Q>micr ZgVr Am{U Á`m H¥$V qH$dm AH¥$V Jmoï>r‘wio H$moUË`mhr Bg‘mg Ë`mMo ñdV:Mo eara, ‘Z, cm¡{H$H$
qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmm `m§À`m g§~§YmV ZwH$gmZ qH$dm AnhmZr nmoMVo qH$dm nmoMÊ`mMm g§^d AgVmo Aer H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg qH$dm
Z H$aÊ`mg àW‘moŠV ì`ŠVrcm CÔoenyd©H$ àd¥Îm H$aVmo, Vmo R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU - Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo VÏ` cndyZ R>odUo, hr `m H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma ’$gdUyH$ hmo`.
CXmhaUo
(a) AmnU ‘wcH$s godoV Agë`mMm ~hmUm H$ê$Z "H$' CÔoenyd©H$ "`' Mr {Xem^yc H$aVmo, Am{U Aem arVrZo "`' Zo
Ë`mcm CYmarda ‘mc KoD$ Úmdm åhUyZ "`' cm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aVmo. `m ‘mcm~Ôc n¡go XoÊ`mMm Ë`mMm
{dMma Zmhr. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
(b) EH$ dñVy EH$m {dd{jV à»`mV {Z‘m©UH$mZo V`ma Ho$cr Aer "`' Mr g‘OyV ìhmdr åhUyZ "H$' Ë`m dñVyda ZH$cr
{MÝh cmdyZ "`' Mr CÔoenyd©H$ {Xem^yc H$aVmo, Am{U Aem arVrZo "`' cm Vr dñVy IaoXr H$aÊ`mg d {VMo n¡go
XoÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
(c) EH$ dñVy EH$m Z‘wÝ`mer {‘iVrOwiVr Amho Aer "`' Mr g‘OyV ìhmdr åhUyZ "H$' Ë`m dñVyMm ImoQ>m Z‘wZm
XmIdyZ "`' Mr CÔoenyd©H$ {Xem^yc H$aVmo, Am{U Ë`mÛmao "`' cm Vr dñVy IaoXr H$aÊ`mg d {VMo n¡go XoÊ`mg
àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
(d) "H$' EH$m dñVyÀ`m {H$‘VrXmIc EH$m noT>rda hþ§S>r H$ê$Z XoVmo; `m noT>rH$S>o "H$' n¡go R>odV Zmhr Am{U `m‘wio hþ§S>r
ZmH$macr OmB©c Aer "H$' Mr Anojm Agë`m‘wio Vmo "`' Mr CÔoenyd©H$ {Xem^yc H$aVmo Am{U Ë`mÛmao, Ë`m
dñVy~Ôc n¡go Z XoÊ`mÀ`m BamÚmZo Vr dñVy Amnë`m ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mg "`' cm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aVmo.
"H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMrÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
144 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
(e) Á`m {OZgm {hao Zgë`mMo AmnUmg ‘mhrV Amho Ë`m {OZgm {hao åhUyZ VmaU XoD$Z "H$' hm "`' Mr CÔoenyd©H$
{Xem^yc H$aVmo Am{U Ë`mÛmao n¡go CgZo XoÊ`mg "`' cm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
(f) "`' hm "H$' cm CgZo XoB©c Aem H$moUË`mhr n¡emMr naV’o$S> "H$' H$aUma Amho Aer "`'Mr g‘OyV ìhmdr
AemàH$mao "H$' hm "`' Mr CÔoenyd©H$ {Xem^yc H$aVmo Am{U Ë`mÛmao, n¡go CgZo XoÊ`mg "`' cm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
àd¥Îm H$aVmo. naV’o$S> H$aÊ`mMm "H$' Mm CÔoe Zmhr. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
(g) {ZirMr R>amdrH$ BVH$s amono "`' À`m ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mMm Amncm BamXm ZgVmZmhr "H$ 'hm Vr amono "` ' À`m
ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mMm Amncm BamXm Amho, Aer "`' Mr g‘OyV ìhmdr AemàH$mao "H$' hm "` ' Mr CÔoenyd©H$ {Xem^yc
H$aVmo, Am{U amono Aem arVrZo ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mV òVrc `m âdemda n¡go XoÊ`mg Vmo "`' cm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo; na§Vw, n¡go KoVodoir {ZirMr amono ñdmYrZ H$aÊ`mMm "H$' Mm BamXm Agoc Am{U
Z§Va Ë`mZo Ë`mÀ`m g§{dXoMm ^§J Ho$cm d {ZirMr amono ñdmYrZ Ho$cr ZmhrV Va, Ë`mZo R>H$dUyH$ Ho$cr Ago hmoUma
Zmhr, ‘mÌ g§{dXm-^§Jm~ÔcÀ`m {XdmUr H$madmB©gM Ho$di Vmo nmÌ Agoc.
(h) "H$' Zo "`' ~amo~a Ho$coë`m g§{dXo‘Yrc "H$' Mm ^mJ Ë`mZo nma nmS>cocm ZgVmZmhr Vmo Ë`mZo nma nmS>cocm Amho
Aer "`' Mr g‘OyV ìhmdr Aem àH$mao "H$' hm "`' Mr CÔoenyd©H$ {Xem^yc H$aVmo, Am{U Ë`mÛmao "`' cm n¡go
XoÊ`mg Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aVmo. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
(i) "H$' EH$ g§nXm "I' cm {dH$Vmo d A{^hñVm§V[aV H$aVmo. Aer {dH«$s Ho$ë`m‘wio Ë`m ‘mc‘Îmoda Amncm h¸$ Zmhr
ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm "H$' hm AmnU AJmoXa "I' cm Ho$cocr {dH«$s d A{^hñVm§VaU `m~ÔcMr dñVwpñWVr CKS>
Z H$aVm Vr "`' cm {dH$Vmo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o JhmU R>odVmo d "`' H$Sy>Z IaoXrMo qH$dm JhmUmda {Xcoco n¡go
ñdrH$maVmo. "H$' R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
416. VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$.- Oa EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo AmnU XwgamM EImXm Bg‘ Agë`mMm ~hmUm H$ê$Z, AWdm
OmUrdnyd©H$ EImÚm Bg‘mEodOr Xwgam EImXm Bg‘ C^m H$ê$Z, AWdm AmnU qH$dm AÝ` H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr åhUOo dñVwV: Or
ì`ŠVr Amho {VÀ`mhÿZ AÝ` H$moUVmhr Bg‘ åhUOo AmnU ñdV: qH$dm Aer AÝ` ì`ŠVr hmo` Ago A{^doXZ H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$
Ho$cr Va, Vr ì`ŠVr VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$aVo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU- Á`m Bg‘mMm ~hmUm H$ê$Z VmoVò{Jar Ho$cr Jocr Vmo Bg‘ hr IarIwar ì`ŠVr Agcr dm H$pënV ì`ŠVr
Agcr Var AnamY KS>Vmo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm, Ë`mÀ`mM ZmdmMm {dd{jV lr‘§V gmdH$ma åhUOo AmnUM Agë`mMm ~hmUm H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo. "H$'
hm VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
(b) "H$' hm AmnU åhUOo "I' hr ì`ŠVr Agë`mMm ~hmUm H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo. Vr ì`ŠVr ‘¥V Amho. "H$' hm
VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$aVmo.
417. R>H$dUyH$ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr R>H$dUyH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
418. {OÀ`m {hVg§~§YmMo g§ajU H$aÊ`mg AnamYr ~Õ Amho Aem ì`ŠVrcm n[aUm‘r J¡a hmZr nmoMy eHo$c Aem
Om{UdoZo R>H$dUyH$ H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr R>H$dUyH$ Ho$cr Am{U R>H$dUyH$ Á`mÀ`mer g§~§{YV Amho Ë`m g§ì`dhmamVrc Á`m
ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVg§~§YmMo g§ajU H$aÊ`mg Vmo {d{YV: qH$dm d¡Y g§{dXoZwgma ~Õ hmoVm Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm Ë`m`moJo J¡a hmZr nmoMÊ`mg
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 145
AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
419. VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr VmoVò{Jar H$ê$Z R>H$dUyH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ
dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
420. R>H$dUyH$ H$aUo Am{U ‘mc‘ÎmoMr gwnyX©Jr H$aÊ`mg Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr R>H$dUyH$ H$arc
Am{U Ë`m`moJo, EImÚm Bg‘mH$S>o EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm gwnyX© H$aÊ`mg, AWdm EImXm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm g§nyU©nUo qH$dm Ë`mMm H$moUVmhr
^mJ AJa Or ñdmjarV qH$dm ‘wÐm§{H$V Amho d ‘yë`dmZ amo»`mV ê$nm§V[aV H$aVm òÊ`mgmaIr Amho Aer H$moUVrhr dñVy
~ZdÊ`mg, VrV ’o$a~Xc H$aÊ`mg qH$dm Vr Zï> H$aÊ`mg `mà‘mUo ’$gdë`m Jocoë`m ì`ŠVrcm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo àd¥Îm H$arc
Ë`mcm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
‘mc‘ÎmoMo H$nQ>nyU© {dcoI Am{U {dëhodmQ>r `m{df`r
421. ‘mc‘ÎmoMr YZH$m|‘Üò {d^mJUr hmoÊ`mg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo hc{dUo
qH$dm cn{dUo.- Oa H$moUr EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo hc{dcr, cndyZ R>odcr qH$dm EImÚm
ì`ŠVrH$S>o gwnyX© Ho$cr, AWdm n`m©á à{V’$cm{dZm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o hñVm§V[aV Ho$cr qH$dm hñVm§V[aV H$adcr Am{U
Ë`m`moJo Amnë`m YZH$mo‘Üò qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVtÀ`m YZH$m|‘Üò H$m`ÚmZwgma Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMr {d^mJUr hmoÊ`mg
à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Vgm à{V~§Y hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd
Agoc Va, Ë`mcm XmoZ dfm©ªn`©ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
422. YZH$m|Zm F$U CncãY hmoD$ XoÊ`mg Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo à{V~§Y H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr ñdV:cm
qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm òUo Agcoco H$moUVohr F$U qH$dm ‘mJUr a¸$‘ Amnë`m F$Um§À`m qH$dm Aem AÝ` ì`ŠVrÀ`m
F$Um§À`m ’o$S>rgmR>r H$m`ÚmZwgma CncãY hmoD$ XoÊ`mg Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo à{V~§Y H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ
423. à{V’$cm~m~VMo ImoQ>o H$WZ A§V^y©V AgUmao hñVm§VaUnÌ Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo {Zînm{XV
H$aUo.- Á`mÛmao H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm {VÀ`mVrc H$moUVmhr {hVg§~§Y hñVm§V[aV Pmë`mMo qH$dm Vo EImÚm à^mamg AYrZ
Pmë`mMo {XgVo Am{U Á`m‘Üò Ago hñVm§VaU qH$dm à^ma `mÀ`m à{V’$cmg§~§Yr qH$dm Á`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m qH$dm ì`ŠVtÀ`m
Cn`moJmgmR>r qH$dm ’$m`ÚmgmR>r Ë`mMo àdV©Z hmoUo dñVwV: CÔo{eV Amho Ë`m§À`mg§~§Yr Á`m‘Üò H$moUVohr ImoQ>o H$WZ A§V^y©V
Amho Agm H$moUVmhr {dcoI qH$dm g§coI Omo H$moUr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo ñdmjarV H$arc, {Zînm{XV H$arc qH$dm
Ë`mg nj hmoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr
424. ‘mc‘Îmm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo hc{dUo qH$dm cndyZ R>odUo.- Omo H$moUr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm
H$nQ>rnUmZo Amncr qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMr H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm cndyZ R>odrc qH$dm hcdrc, AWdm Vr cndÊ`mÀ`m
qH$dm hcdÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘r Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo gmhmæ` H$arc AWdm Á`mg AmnU h¸$Xma AmhmoV Aer H$moUVrhr
òUo a¸$‘ qH$dm h¸$ ‘mJUr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo gmoSy>Z XoB©c Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
^mX§g-10
146 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
AmJ{iH$s{df`r
425. AmJirH$.- OZVocm qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm J¡a hmZr qH$dm ZwH$gmZ nmoMÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo qH$dm nmoMÊ`mg
AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr OmUrd AgVmZm Omo H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMm Zme KS>dyZ AmUVmo AWdm Á`m‘wio
H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMo ‘yë` qH$dm Cn`wŠVVm Zï> hmoB©c qH$dm H$‘r hmoB©c qH$dm Ë`mda j{VH$maH$ n[aUm‘ hmoB©c, Agm H$moUVmhr
~Xc Ë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoV qH$dm {VÀ`m pñWVrñWmZmV KS>dVmo Vmo AmJirH$ H$aVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- AmJ{iH$sMm AnamY KS>Ê`mÀ`m ~m~VrV, AnamÜ`mZo jVr nmoMcoë`m qH$dm Zï> Pmcoë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m
‘mcH$mg hmZr qH$dm ZwH$gmZ nmoMdÊ`mMm AnamÜ`mMm CÔoe Agmd`mg nm{hOo ho AË`mdí`H$ Zmhr. Oa H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘Îmocm
jVr nmoMdyZ H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm J¡ahmZr qH$dm ZwH$gmZ nmoMdÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agcm AWdm nmoMdÊ`mg AmnU H$maU
hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agcr Var VodT>o nwaogo Amho-‘J Vr ‘mc‘Îmm Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘mcH$sMr Agmo dm Zgmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- AmJ{iH$sMr H¥$Vr H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m qH$dm Vr ì`ŠVr Am{U BVa ì`ŠVr `m§À`m g§`wŠV ‘mcH$sÀ`m
‘mc‘Îmoda n[aUm‘ H$aUmè`m H¥$VrÛmao AmJirH$ H$aVm òB©c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "`' cm J¡a hmZr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' BÀN>mnyd©H$ "`' Mm ‘yë`dmZ² amoIm OmiVmo. "H$' Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr
Amho.
(b) "`' cm J¡a hmZr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo "H$' hm "`'À`m ~’©$J¥hmV nmUr gmoS>Vmo Am{U Ë`m‘wio ~’©$ {dViy cmJVo.
"H$' Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr Amho.
(c) "H$' BÀN>mnyd©H$ "`' Mr EH$ A§JR>r ZXr‘Üò ’o$H$Vmo, Ë`m`moJo "`' cm J¡a hmZr nmoMmdr Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Amho.
"H$' Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr Amho.
(d) AmnUm§H$Sy>Z "`' cm XoUo Agcoco F$U ’o$S>Ê`mgmR>r XaImñV-H$m`©dmhrV Amncr Om`XmX KoVcr OmÊ`mÀ`m
~oVmV Amho `mMr OmUrd AgVmZm "H$' Vr Om`XmX Zï> H$aVmo Am{U Ë`m`moJo "`' cm F$UmMr ’o$S> {‘iy Zò Am{U
Ë`m‘wio "`' Mo ZwH$gmZ ìhmdo Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe Amho. "H$'Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr Amho.
(e) OhmOmMm {d‘m CVadcocm AgVm h‘rXmam§Zm ZwH$gmZ nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo BÀN>mnyd©H$ "H$' Vo OhmO Q>mHy$Z
XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aVmo. "H$'Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr Amho.
(f) "H$' EH$ OhmO Q>mHy$Z XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aVmo, Á`mZo Ë`m OhmOmÀ`m VmaUmda n¡go H$Om©D$ {Xco AmhoV Aem "`'
cm ZwH$gmZ nmoMmdo Agm Ë`m‘mJo Ë`mMm CÔoe Amho. "H$' Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr Amho.
(g) EH$ KmoS>çmda "`' À`m OmoS>rcm "H$' Mm g§`wŠV ‘mcH$s h¸$ AgyZ, "H$' Vmo KmoS>m Jmoir KmcyZ ‘maVmo Am{U
Ë`m‘wio "`'cm J¡a hmZr nmoMmdr Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe Amho. "H$' Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr Amho.
(h) "`'À`m {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Am{U Vgo hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho `mMr ñdV:cm
OmUrd AgVmZm "H$' hm "`' À`m eoVm‘Üò JwaoT>moao KwgdVmo. "H$'Zo AmJirH$ Ho$cr Amho.
426. AmJ{iH$s~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
427. nÞmg énò BVŠ`m aH$‘oMo ZwH$gmZ H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Am{U Ë`m`moJo nÞmg
énò qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ aH$‘on`ªV hmZr AWdm ZwH$gmZ KS>dyZ AmUrc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 147
428. Xhm énò {H$‘VrÀ`m OZmdamg R>ma ‘mê$Z qH$dm {dH$cm§J H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr Xhm énò qH$dm
Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ {H$‘VrMo EImXo OZmda qH$dm OZmdao `m§Zm R>ma ‘mê$Z, {dfà`moJ H$ê$Z, {dH$cm§J H$ê$Z qH$dm {Zén`moJr H$ê$Z
AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr
429. {H$Vrhr {H$‘VrMr JwaoT>moao, BË`mXtZm qH$dm nÞmg énò {H$‘VrÀ`m OZmdamg R>ma ‘mê$Z qH$dm {dH$cm§J
H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr EImXm hÎmr, C§Q>, KmoS>m, IoMa, åh¡g, diy, Jm` qH$dm ~¡c-‘J Ë`m§Mr qH$‘V {H$Vrhr
Agmo-AWdm nÞmg énò qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ qH$‘VrMo AÝ` H$moUVohr OZmda `mcm R>ma ‘mê$Z, {dfà`moJ H$ê$Z, {dH$cm§J
H$ê$Z qH$dm {Zén`moJr H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$arc, Ë`mcm nmM dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
430. nmQ>~Y§ mè`m§À`m H$m‘mMr Iam~r H$ê$Z qH$dm J¡anUo nmÊ`mMr {Xem ~XcyZ AmJirH$ H$aUo.- eoVrÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r
AWdm ‘mUgm§Zm qH$dm Or ‘mc‘Îmm AgVrc Aem OZmdam§À`m IwamH$mgmR>r qH$dm Ë`m§Zm {nÊ`mgmR>r, AWdm ñdÀN>VogmR>r,
AWdm H$moUVrhr dñVy{Z{‘©Vr Mmcy R>odÊ`mgmR>r cmJUmè`m nmÊ`mÀ`m nwadR>çm‘Üò Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio KQ> hmoVo qH$dm {OÀ`m‘wio Ver
KQ> hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd Amho Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm nmM dfm©ªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
431. gmd©O{ZH$ añVm, nyc, ZXr qH$dm H$mcdm `mMr Iam~r H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo.- Á`m H¥$Vr‘wio H$moUVmhr
gmd©O{ZH$ añVm, nyc, Zmì` ZXr AWdm Z¡g{J©H$ qH$dm H¥${Ì‘ Zmì` Zha àdmg H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Zo-AmU
H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo XwñVa hmoVmo qH$dm Ë`m Ñï>rZo Ë`mMr gwa{jVVm H$‘r hmoVo qH$dm {OÀ`m‘wio Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr
ñdV:cm OmUrd Amho Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm nmM dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
432. gmd©O{ZH$ {ZMam-JQ>mao ZwH$gmZH$maH$ hmoB©c AemàH$mao ^ê$Z dmhÿ XoD$Z qH$dm Ë`mV AS>Wim {Z‘m©U
H$ê$Z AmJirH$ H$aUo.- {OÀ`m‘wio H$moUVohr gmd©O{ZH$ {ZMam-JQ>ma Ë`mcm jVr qH$dm ZwH$gmZ nmoMoc AemàH$mao ^ê$Z
dmhVo qH$dm Ë`mV AS>Wim {Z‘m©U hmoVmo Aer qH$dm {OÀ`m‘wio Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr ñdV:cm OmUrd Amho Aer
H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm nmM dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$mooUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
433. XrnJ¥h qH$dm gmJar YmoŠ`mMr {ZemUr Zï> H$ê$Z, Vr hcdyZ qH$dm Ë`mMr Cn`wŠVVm H$‘r H$ê$Z AmJirH$
H$aUo.- H$moUVohr XrnJ¥h qH$dm gmJar YmoŠ`mMr {ZemUr åhUyZ dmnacm OmUmam AÝ` Xrn qH$dm H$moUVrhr gmJar YmoŠ`mMr
{ZemUr qH$dm ~mo`m qH$dm Zm{dH$m§Zm ‘mJ©Xe©H$ åhUyZ R>odcocr AÝ` dñVy Zï> H$ê$Z qH$dm hcdyZ AWdm {OÀ`m‘wio Ago
H$moUVohr XrnJ¥h, gmJar YmoŠ`mMr {ZemUr, ~mo`m qH$dm Aer nydm}ŠV AÝ` dñVy Zm{dH$m§Zm ‘mJ©Xe©H$ åhUyZ H$‘r Cn`wŠV R>aVo
Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
434. gmd©O{ZH$ àm{YH$aUmZo cmdcoco gr‘m{MÝh Zï> H$ê$Z, hcdyZ BË`mXr àH$mao AmJirH$ H$aUo.- cmoH$godH$mÀ`m
àm{YH$mamÝdò cmdÊ`mV Amcoco H$moUVohr gr‘m{MÝh Zï> H$ê$Z qH$dm hcdyZ AWdm {OÀ`m‘wio EH$ gr‘m{MÝh åhUyZ Aem
gr‘m{MÝhmMr Cn`wŠVVm H$‘r hmoB©c Aer H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$ê$Z Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c
148 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
435. e§â én`m§À`m ‘`m©Xon`ªV AWdm (eoV‘mcmÀ`m ~m~VrV) Xhm én`m§À`m ‘`m©Xon`ªV ZwH$gmZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo {dñVd qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÛmao AmJirH$ H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr {dñVd qH$dm H$moUVmhr ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÀ`mÛmao
AmJirH$ Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo e§â énò qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ aH$‘on`ªV 1[AWdm (‘mc‘Îmm hr eoV‘mc Agoc Ë`m ~m~VrV)
Xhm énò qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ aH$‘on`ªV]> H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMo ZwH$gmZ H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc AWdm Ë`m`moJo Vgo
ZwH$gmZ hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va Ë`mcm, gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
436. Ka, B. Zï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {dñVd qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÛmao AmJirH$ H$aUo.- Oa H$moUrhr {dñVd qH$dm
H$moUVmhr ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÀ`mÛmao AmJirH$ Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo, gm‘mÝ`V: CnmgZmñWmZ åhUyZ qH$dm ‘mUgm§Mo dg{VñWmZ
åhUyZ qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m A{âjoMo ñWmZ åhUyZ dmnacr OmUmar H$moUVrhr B‘maV Zï> H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc AWdm
Ë`m`moJo Vgo hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm
Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
437. ‘Ocr Oc`mZ qH$dm 20 Q>Z ~maXmZ âcoco Oc`mZ Zï> H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm Agwa{jV H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
AmJirH$ H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr H$moUVohr ‘Ocr Oc`mZ AWdm 20 Q>Z qH$dm Ë`mhÿZ A{YH$ ~maXmZ âcoco H$moUVohr Oc`mZ
`m§À`m~m~V AmJirH$ Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo Vo Zï> H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm Agwa{jV H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc AWdm Ë`m`moJo Vo Zï>
hmoÊ`mg qH$dm Agwa{jV hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy
438. {dñVd qH$dm ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÛmao Ho$coë`m H$c‘ 437 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coë`m, AmJ{iH$s~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr
{dñVd qH$dm H$moUVmhr ñ’$moQ>H$ nXmW© `mÀ`mÛmao, cJVnyd© H$c‘m‘Üò dU©Z Ho$cocr Aer AmJirH$ H$arc qH$dm Aer AmJirH$
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
439. Mmoar, B. H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Oc`mZ CWi nmUr Agcoë`m O{‘ZrV qH$dm {H$Zmè`mda CÔoenydH© $ KwgdÊ`m~Ôc
{ejm.- Omo H$moUr EH$m Oc`mZm‘Üò Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Mmoar H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Aem H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMm
Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo Anhma H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm ‘mc‘ÎmoMr Aer Mmoar qH$dm Anhma H$aVm `mdm Aem hoVyZo CÔoenyd©H$ Vo
Oc`mZ CWi nmUr Agcoë`m O{‘ZrV qH$dm {H$Zmè`mda Kwgdrc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
440. ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Ho$cocr AmJirH$.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm
{Vcm XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm {Vcm J¡a {ZamoY H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm {Vcm ‘¥Ë`yMr qH$dm XwImnVrMr qH$dm J¡a {ZamoYmMr
^rVr {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo V`mar H$ê$Z Omo H$moUr AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, nmM dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘Um{df`r
441. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U.- Omo H$moUr Xwgè`mÀ`m H$ãOmV Agcoë`m ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m OmJoV qH$dm OmJoda, AnamY
H$aÊ`mÀ`m AWdm Aer ‘mc‘Îmm {OÀ`m H$ãOmV Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm YmH$XnQ>em XmIdÊ`mÀ`m, {VMm An‘mZ
H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm {Vcm Ìmg XoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo àdoe H$aVmo, qH$dm
1. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 9 Ûmao hm ‘OHy$a g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI KmVcm (1 OmZodmar, 1956
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 149
Aem ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m OmJoV qH$dm OmJoda H$m`XoeranUo àdoe Ho$ë`mZ§Va, Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm YmH$XnQ>em XmIdÊ`mÀ`m,
{VMm An‘mZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm {Vcm Ìmg XoÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm EImXm AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo VoWo ~oH$m`XoeranUo
Wm§~yZ amhVmo Vmo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
442. J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aUo.- ‘mUgm§Mo dg{VñWmZ åhUyZ dmnacr OmUmar H$moUVrhr B‘maV, V§~y qH$dm Oc`mZ AWdm
CnmgZmñWmZ åhUyZ qH$dm ‘mc‘ÎmoÀ`m A{âjoMo ñWmZ åhUyZ dmnacr OmUmar H$moUVrhr B‘maV `m‘Üò àdoe H$ê$Z qH$dm VoWo
Wm§~yZ Omo H$moUr ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo Vmo J¥h- A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU- ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U H$aUmam ‘mUyg àdoe H$aV AgVmZm Ë`mÀ`m earamMm H$moUVmhr ^mJ AmV {eacm
H$s, J¥h-A{VH«$‘U KS>Ê`mg VodT>o nwaogo hmoVo.
443. MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U.- A{VH«$‘UmMm {df` Agcoë`m Aem B‘maVr‘YyZ, V§~‘y YyZ qH$dm Oc`mZm‘YyZ A{VH«$‘Ur
ì`ŠVrcm And{O©V H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm hþgH$mdyZ cmdÊ`mMm h¸$ Á`m ì`ŠVrcm Amho Aem ì`ŠVrnmgyZ J¥h-A{VH«$‘U cndyZ
R>odÊ`mMr I~aXmar KoD$Z Omo H$moUr Ago J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc Ë`mZo MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U Ho$co Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
444. amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr gy`m©ñVmZ§Va d gy`m}X`mnydu MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc
Ë`mZo amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U Ho$co Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
445. Ka’$moS>r.- J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aUmè`m Bg‘mZo, `mV `mnwT>o dU©Z Ho$coë`m ghm àH$mam§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr EH$m àH$mao
Kam‘Üò qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJm‘Üò Amncm {eaH$md H$ê$Z KoVcm AWdm ñdV: AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Kam‘Üò
qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJm‘Üò AgyZ qH$dm Ë`m‘Üò AnamY Ho$cocm AgyZ, Aem ghm àH$mam§n¡H$s H$moUË`mhr EH$m àH$mao Ka
gmoSy>Z OmD$Z J¥h-A{VH«$‘U Ho$co Va, Ë`m Bg‘mZo Ka’$moS>r Ho$cr Ago åhQ>co OmVo, Vo ghm àH$ma nwT>rcà‘mUo :-
n{hcm : J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aÊ`mgmR>r Oa Vmo, Ë`mZo ñdV: qH$dm J¥h-A{VH«$‘Umcm AnàoaUm XoUmè`m H$moUË`mhr Bg‘mZo
V`ma Ho$coë`m ‘mJm©Zo àdoe H$arc qH$dm {ZKyZ OmB©c Va.
Xwgam : Vmo ñdV: qH$dm AnamYmcm AnàoaUm XoUmam `m§À`m ì`{V[aŠV AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ‘Zwî`ì`ŠVrZo Á`m ‘mJm©Zo àdoe
H$amdm Ago A{^àoV Zmhr Ë`m ‘mJm©Zo; AWdm H$moUË`mhr q^Vrda qH$dm B‘maVrda {eS>rZo qH$dm ZwgVo da MTy>Z Ë`mZo OoWo àdoe
{‘idcocm Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr ‘mJm©Zo Oa Vmo àdoe H$arc qH$dm {ZKyZ OmB©c Va.
{Vgam : J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aÊ`mgmR>r Oa Vmo, Ë`mZo ñdV: qH$dm J¥h-A{VH«$‘Umcm AnàoaUm XoUmè`m H$moUË`mhr Bg‘mZo,
EImXm ‘mJ© Á`m gmYZm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo Iwcm H$aÊ`mMo KamÀ`m Vm~mYmaH$mcm A{^àoV ZìhVo Aem H$moUË`mhr gmYZmÀ`m
gmhmæ`mZo Iwë`m Ho$coë`m Ë`m ‘mJm©Zo àdoe H$arc qH$dm {ZKyZ OmB©c Va.
Mm¡Wm : J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm J¥h-A{VH«$‘UmZ§Va Ka gmoSy>Z OmÊ`mgmR>r Oa Vmo H$moUVohr Hw$cyn CKSy>Z àdoe
H$arc qH$dm {ZKyZ OmB©c Va.
nmMdm : ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ H$ê$Z qH$dm h‘cm H$ê$Z qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoD$Z Oa Vmo
Amncm {eaH$md H$ê$Z KoB©c qH$dm {ZJ©‘Z H$arc Va.
ghmdm : Omo H$moUVmhr ‘mJ©, `mVyZ àdoe qH$dm {ZJ©‘Z hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ ~§X H$ê$Z R>odÊ`mV Amcocm Agë`mMo Am{U Ë`mZo
ñdV: qH$dm J¥h-A{VH«$‘Umcm AnàoaUm XoUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo Vmo CKS>cocm Agë`mMo {Vcm ‘mhrV Agoc Ë`m ‘mJm©Zo Oa Vmo àdoe
H$arc qH$dm {ZKyZ OmB©c Va.
ñnï>rH$aU- KamÀ`m OmoS>rcm Vmã`mV Agcoco Am{U Á`mÀ`m‘Üò d Aem Kam‘Üò WoQ> A§VJ©V g§YmZ Agoc Ago
H$moUVohr CnJ¥h qH$dm B‘maV hr `m H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma KamMm ^mJ AgVo.
150 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
CXmhaUo
(a) '`' À`m KamÀ`m q^Vrcm ^moH$ nmSy>Z d Ë`m ^moH$mVyZ Amncm hmV AmV KmcyZ 'H$' J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr
Ka’$moS>r Amho.
(b) Zm¡Xcm§‘Yrc nmoQ>©hmoc‘YyZ Oc`mZmda hiyM {eaH$md H$ê$Z 'H$' J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr Ka’$moS>r Amho.
(c) pIS>H$s‘YyZ '`' À`m Kam‘Üò àdoe H$ê$Z 'H$' J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr Ka’$moS>r Amho.
(d) ~§X H$aÊ`mV Amcoco Xma CKSy>Z Ë`m Xmam‘YyZ '`' À`m KamV àdoe H$ê$Z 'H$' J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr Ka’$moS>r
Amho.
(e) Xmam‘Yrc {N>ÐmVyZ Vma AmV KmcyZ {VÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo H$S>r CMcyZ Ë`m XmamVyZ '`' À`m KamV àdoe H$ê$Z 'H$'
J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr Ka’$moS>r Amho.
(f) '` ' À`m KamÀ`m XmamMr {H$„r '`' H$Sy>Z hadcr, Vr 'H$' cm gmnS>Vo Am{U Ë`m {H$„rZo Xma CKS>ë`mZ§Va '`'
À`m KamV {eê$Z 'H$' J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr Ka’$moS>r Amho.
(g) '`' Ë`mÀ`m XmamV C^m Amho. '`' cm Imcr nmSy>Z 'H$' O~aXñVrZo dmQ> H$ê$Z KoVmo Am{U KamV àdoe H$ê$Z
J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr Ka’$moS>r Amho.
(h) '`' Mm ÛmaajH$ '‘' hm '`' À`m XmamV C^m Amho. 'H$' hm '‘' cm ‘mahmU H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoD$Z AmnUmg
à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mnmgyZ Ë`mcm namd¥Îm H$aVmo d KamV àdoe H$ê$Z J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$aVmo. hr Ka’$moS>r Amho.
446. amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr gy`m©ñVmZ§Va Am{U gy`m}X`mnydu Ka’$moS>r H$aVmo Vmo amÌrÀ`m doir
Ka’$moS>r H$aVmo Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
447. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘Um~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm nmMeo én`mn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm
448. J¥h-A{VH«$‘Um~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc Ë`mcm, EH$ dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm EH$ hOma én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
449. ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U.- Omo H$moUr, ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm
H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm OmñVrV OmñV Xhm df} BVŠ`m
‘wXVrÀ`m gl‘ H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
450. AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h- A{VH«$‘U.- Omo H$moUr 1[AmOrd
H$mamdmgmÀ`m]> {ejog nmÌ Agm H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc Ë`mcm, OmñVrV OmñV Xhm df} BVŠ`m
451. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U.- Omo H$moUr H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ
Agm H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c Am{U Omo AnamY H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Vmo AnamY
åhUOo Mmoar Agoc Va, H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV gmV dfm©ªn`ªV dmT>dVm òB©c.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 151
452. XwImnV, h‘cm qH$dm J¡a {ZamoY H$aÊ`mMr nyd©-V`mar H$ê$Z Z§Va J¥h-A{VH«$‘U.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm
XwImnV H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda h‘cm H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnVrMr, h‘ë`mMr AJa J¡a {ZamoYmMr ^rVr KmcÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Z§Va Omo H$moUr J¥h-A{VH«$‘U
H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo
453. MmoaQ>çm J¥hA{VH«$‘Um~Ôc qH$dm Ka’$moS>r~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r H$arc
Ë`mcm XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
454. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r MmoaQ>o J¥h A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r.- Omo H$moUr
H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agm H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r MmoaQ>o-J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ
dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c; Am{U
Omo AnamY H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Vmo AnamY åhUOo Mmoar Agoc Va H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV dmT>dVm òB©c.
455. XwImnV, h‘cm qH$dm J¡a {ZamoY H$aÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Z§Va MmoaQ>o J¥h A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r.-
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda h‘cm H$aÊ`mMr {edm` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm J¡anUo {ZéÕ
H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnVrMr, h‘ë`mMr qH$dm J¡a {ZamoYmMr ^rVr KmcÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Z§Va Omo H$moUr
MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
456. amÌrÀ`m doir Ho$coë`m MmoaQ>çm J¥h-A{VH«$‘Um~Ôc qH$dm Ka’$moS>r~Ôc {ejm. Omo H$moUr amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o
J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc qH$dm amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r H$arc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
457. H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r.-
Omo H$moUr H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agm H$moUVmhr AnamY H$aÊ`mgmR>r amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc qH$dm
amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r H$arc Ë`mcm, nmM dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c; Am{U, Omo AnamY H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Vmo AnamY åhUOo Mmoar Agoc Va,
H$mamdmgmMr ‘wXV Mm¡Xm dfm©ªn`ªV dmT>dVm òB©c.
458. XwImnV, h‘cm qH$dm J¡a {ZamoY H$aÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar H$ê$Z Z§Va amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm
Ka’$moS>r.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnV H$aÊ`mMr, qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda h‘cm H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm
J¡anUo {ZéÕ H$aÊ`mMr qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XwImnVrMr AJa h‘ë`mMr AJa J¡a {ZamoYmMr ^rVr KmcÊ`mMr nyd©V`mar
H$ê$Z Z§Va Omo H$moUr amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U H$arc qH$dm amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r H$arc Ë`mcm, Mm¡Xm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy
459. MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r H$aVmZm O~a XwImnV H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm
Ka’$moS>r H$aVmZm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm O~a XwImnV H$arc AJa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm qH$dm {Vcm O~a
XwImnV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
152 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
460. amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm Ka’$moS>r H$aÊ`mV g§`wŠVnUo {Z~Û Agcoë`m§n¡H$s EH$m ì`ŠVrZo
‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUë`mg qH$dm O~a XwImnV Ho$ë`mg Ë`m~m~VrV gd© ì`ŠVr {ejmnmÌ.- amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h-
A{VH«$‘U qH$dm amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r H$aVmZm Aem AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo BÀN>mnyd©H$ EImÚm
ì`ŠVrMm ‘¥Ë`y KS>dyZ AmUcm qH$dm {Vcm O~a XwImnV Ho$cr AWdm Vgo H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Va, amÌrÀ`m doir Ago MmoaQ>o
J¥h-A{VH«$‘U qH$dm amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r H$aÊ`mV g§`Šw VnUo g§~{§ YV Agcoë`m§nH¡ $s àËòH$ ì`ŠVrcm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>,
qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vr Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
461. AmV‘Üò ‘mc‘Îmm Agcoco nmÌ Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ’$moSy>Z CKS>Uo.- Á`m‘Üò ‘mc‘Îmm Amho qH$dm Vr Á`mV Amho
Ago ñdV: g‘OVmo Ago H$moUVohr ~§X nmÌ Omo H$moUr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm AmJirH$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ’$moSy>Z qH$dm gmoSy>Z
CKS>rc Ë`mcm XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr
{ejm hmoVrc.
462. {OÀ`mH$S>o A{âjoMo H$m‘ gmondco Amho Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Agm AnamY Ho$cm AgVm Ë`m~Ôc {ejm.- Á`m‘Üò
‘mc‘Îmm Amho qH$dm Vr Á`mV Amho Ago ñdV: g‘OVmo Ago H$moUVohr ~§X nmÌ ñdV:H$S>o {dœmgmZo gmondÊ`mV Amco AgyZ Vo
CKS>Ê`mMm àm{YH$ma ñdV:cm ZgVmZm Omo H$moUr Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm AmJirH$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Vo nmÌ ’$moSy>Z qH$dm
gmoSy>Z CKS>rc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr
àH$aU 18 do
XñVEodO Am{U 2* * * ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝho `mg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
463. ~ZmdQ>rH$aU.- Omo H$moUr OZVocm qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm ZwH$gmZ qH$dm jVr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m AJa H$moUË`mhr
h¸$‘mJUrg qH$dm ñdËdm{YH$mamg nwï>r XoÊ`mÀ`m AJa H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {VÀ`m ‘mc‘ÎmoMm H$ãOm gmoSy>Z Úmd`mg cmdÊ`mÀ`m
AJa H$moUVrhr ñnï> qH$dm Cnc{jV g§{dXm H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AWdm H$nQ> H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm Vo H$nQ> H$aUo eŠ` ìhmdo `m
CÔoemZo H$moUVmhr ImoQ>m XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© qH$dm Ë`mMm H$mhr ^mJ ~ZdVmo Vmo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aVmo.
464. ImoQ>m XñVEodO H$aUo. - Or ì`ŠVr, EImXm XñVEodO qH$dm XñVEodOmMm ^mJ qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coI qH$dm
BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ghr EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo qH$dm {VÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò V`ma H$aÊ`mV, Ë`mda ghr H$aÊ`mV, Vmo ‘wÐm§{H$V H$aÊ`mV,
{Zînm{XV H$aÊ`mV qH$dm Ë`mda BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ghr H$aÊ`mV Amcr Zgë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV AgVmZm Vmo Vgm V`ma Ho$cm,
ñdmjarV Ho$cm, ‘wÐm§{H$V Ho$cm, {Zînm{XV Ho$cm qH$dm Ë`mda BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ghr Ho$cr `mda {dídmg R>odÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo,
EH$ : Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>rnUmZo-
(a) EImXm XñVEodO qH$dm XñVEodOmMm ^mJ V`ma H$arc, Ë`mda ghr H$arc,
Vmo ‘wÐm§{H$V H$arc qH$dm {Zînm{XV H$arc;
(b) EImXm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coI qH$dm Ë`mMm ^mJ V`ma H$arc qH$dm n[a{fV H$arc;
2. 1958 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 43-H$c‘ 135 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao '"ì`mnma qH$dm'' ho eãX JmiÊ`mV Amco (25 Zmoìh|~a, 1959 amoOr d
VoìhmnmgyZ).
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 153
(c) H$moUË`mhr BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coImda BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ghr H$arc;
(d) XñVEodOm§Mo {ZînmXZ qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ghrMm A{YH¥$VnUm Xe©dUmar H$moUVrhr IyU H$arc; qH$dm
XmoZ: Or, EImXm XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coI `mV Ë`mMm H$moUË`mhr ‘hÎdmÀ`m ^mJmV, Vmo V`ma H$aÊ`mV
Amë`mda, {Zînm{XV H$aÊ`mV Amë`mda qH$dm Ë`mZo ñdV: qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo Ë`mda {S>{OQ>c ghr
Ho$ë`mda : ‘J Aer Xwgar ì`ŠVr ’o$a’$mamÀ`m doir {Od§V Agmo dm ‘¥V Agmo- H$moUVmhr H$m`Xoera àm{YH$ma
ZgVmZm, aÔ H$aUo qH$dm AÝ` àH$mao ’o$a’$ma H$aUo `m Jmoï>r Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo d H$nQ>mZo H$arc; qH$dm
VrZ : Or, EImÚm XñVEodOmV qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coImV Ë`mVrc Ame` qH$dm Ho$coë`m ’o$a’$mam§Mo ñdê$n {Ocm
{VÀ`m ‘Zmo{dH$cVo‘wio qH$dm ZeoV Agë`m‘wio qH$dm {VMr ’$gdUyH$ Ho$ë`m‘wio g‘Oy eH$Uma Zmhr, Aem EImÚm
ì`ŠVrcm Ë`m XñVEodOmda qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ XñVEodOmda ghr H$aÊ`mg, Vmo ‘wÐm§{H$V H$aÊ`mg, {Zînm{XV
H$aÊ`mg qH$dm Ë`mV ’o$a’$ma H$aÊ`mg qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coImda {S>{OQ>c ghr H$aÊ`mg Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
qH$dm H$nQ>mZo ^mJ nmS>rc, {VZo ImoQ>m XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coI Ho$cm Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
CXmhaUo
(a) "`' Zo "I ' da H$mT>coco 10,000 é. Mo nVnÌ "H$' H$S>o Amho. "I' cm J§S>dÊ`mgmR>r "H$' 10,000 da EH$
nyÁ` MT>dVmo Am{U Vo nVnÌ "`' Zo Vgo {c{hcoco Amho Agm "I' Mm g‘O ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo Vr a¸$‘
1,00,000 é Aer H$aVmo. "H$' Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
(b) "`' Zo "H$' cm EH$m g§nXoMo A{^hñVm§VaU Ho$co Amho Ago XmIdUmè`m XñVEodOmda; "I' cm Vr g§nXm {dHy$Z
Ë`mÛmao "I' H$Sy>Z IaoXrMr qH$‘V {‘idmdr `m CÔoemZo "H$' hm "¶' À`m àm{YH$mamdmMyZ "¶' Mr ‘mohmoa cmdVmo.
"H$' Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$co Amho.
(c) EH$m ~±H$ada H$mT>cocm YmaUH$Ë`m©cm àXo` Agm "I' À`m ñdmjarMm, nU H$mhrhr a¸$‘ Z âcocm Agm YZmXoe
"H$' cm§~dVmo. "H$' H$nQ>rnUmZo Ë`m YZmXoemV Xhm hOma én`m§Mm AmH$S>m KmcyZ nyU© H$aVmo. "H$' ~ZmdQ>rH$aU
H$aVmo.
(d) àXo` a¸$‘ {H$Vr Vo Z âVm EH$m ~±H$aÀ`m Zmdmda H$mT>cocm Amnë`m ghrMm EH$ YZmXoe "H$' Amncm A{^H$Vm©
"I' `mÀ`m ñdmYrZ H$aVmo Am{U {dd{jV aH$‘m MwH$Ë`m H$aÊ`mgmR>r Xhm hOma én`m§nojm A{YH$ Zmhr BVH$m
AmH$S>m ^ê$Z YZmXoe nyU© H$aÊ`mg "I' cm àm{YH¥$V H$aVmo. "I' H$nQ>rnUmZo drg hOma én`m§Mm AmH$S>m KmcyZ
YZmXoe nyU© H$aVmo. "I' ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aVmo.
(e) "H$' ñdV:àrË`W© "I'À`m ZmdmZo nU "I'À`m àm{YH$mamdmMyZ EH$ {dnÌ H$mT>Vmo. Vo Iao {dnÌ Agë`mà‘mUo
~±H$aH$S>o dQ>dÊ`mMm Ë`mMm CÔoe AgyZ, {dnÌ n[an¹$ hmoVmM Ë`mMr a¸$‘ dgyc H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm BamXm Amho.
"H$' hm Amnë`mH$S>o "I' Mo VmaU hmoVo Agm ~±H$aMm g‘O H$ê$Z XoD$Z Ë`mMr ’$gdUyH$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Am{U
Ë`m`moJo Vo {dnÌ dQ>dÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Vo {dnÌ H$mT>Vmo, åhUyZ "H$' hm ~ZmdQ>rH$aU~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
(f) "¶' À`m ‘¥Ë`wnÌmV Ago eãX AmhoV- ""‘r Ago {ZXo{eV H$aVmo H$s, ‘mPr gd© Cd©[aV ‘mc‘Îmm "H$', "I' Am{U
" J ' `m§À`m‘Üò g‘g‘mZ {d^mJcr Omdr.'' gd© ‘mc‘Îmm Amnë`mgmR>r Am{U "J' gmR>r R>odÊ`mV Amcr Amho
Agm g‘O ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo "H$' hm "I' Mo Zmd H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Vmo. "H$' Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
(g) "H$' EH$ gaH$mar dMZnÌ n¥ð>m§{H$V H$aVmo Am{U Ë`m {dnÌmda "" "¶' cm qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m Am{Xï>mg Úmdo'' Ago eãX
{chÿZ Am{U n¥ð>m§H$Z ñdmjarV H$ê$Z Vo "¶' cm qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m Am{Xï>mg àXo` H$aVmo. "I' Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo ""
154 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
"`'cm qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m Am{Xï>mg Úmdo'' ho eãX ImoSy>Z Q>mH$Vmo Am{U Ë`mÛmao {deof n¥ð>m§H$Z H$moè`m n¥ð>m§H$Zm‘Üò
n[ad{V©V H$aVmo. "I' ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aVmo.
(h) "H$' EH$ g§nXm "¶' cm {dHy$Z A{^hñVm§V[aV H$aVmo. Ë`mZ§Va "`'H$Sy>Z g§nXm H$nQ>mZo {hamdyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r "H$'
hm "¶' cm Vr g§nXm A{^hñVm§V[aV Ho$ë`mÀ`m VmaIoÀ`m ghm ‘{hZo AJmoXaÀ`m VmaIoMo VrM g§nXm "I' cm XoUmao
A{^hñVm§VaUnÌ {Zînm{XV H$aVmo. Vr g§nXm "`'H$S>o A{^hñVm§V[aV H$aÊ`mÀ`m AJmoXa Ë`mZo Vr "I' H$S>o
A{^hñVm§V[aV Ho$cr hmoVr Agm g‘O ìhmdm Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Amho. "H$' Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
(i) "¶' ñdV:Mo ‘¥Ë`wnÌ "H$'cm CVê$Z KoÊ`mg gm§JVmo. "H$' CÔoenyd©H$ "¶' Zo gm§{JVcoë`m CÎmaXmZJ«mhrÀ`m
Zmdmnojm doJù`m CÎmaXmZJ«mhrMo Zmd {c{hVmo Am{U AmnU Vo ‘¥Ë`wnÌ "¶' À`m gyMZo~ahþHy$‘ V`ma Ho$coco Amho
Ago "¶' cm A{^doXZ H$ê$Z Ë`mcm ‘¥Ë`wnÌmda ñdmjar H$aÊ`mg àd¥V H$aVmo. "H$' Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
(j) "H$' hm gËerc ‘Zwî` AgyZ AH$pënV XwX£dm‘wio Vmo {dnÞmdñWog nmoMcm Amho Agm hdmcm XoUmao nÌ {chÿZ "H$'
Aem nÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo "¶' H$Sy>Z Am{U BVa ì`ŠVtH$Sy>Z ‘XV {‘idmdr `m CÔoemZo, "I' À`m àm{YH$mam{edm`
Ë`mda "I' À`m ZmdmMr ñdmjar H$aVmo. `m~m~VrV, Á`mAWu ‘mc‘ÎmoMm H$ãOm gmoSy>Z XoÊ`mg "¶' cm àd¥Îm
H$aÊ`mgmR>r "H$' Zo ImoQ>m XñVdoO ~Zdcm Amho, Ë`mAWu "H$' Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
(k) "H$' À`m Mm[aÍ`mMm hdmcm XoUmao EH$ nÌ "H$' hm "I' À`m àm{YH$mam{edm` {c{hVmo Am{U Ë`m`moJo "¶' H$S>o
ZmoH$ar {‘idmdr `m CÔoemZo Ë`mda "I' À`m ZmdmMr ñdmjar H$aVmo. Á`mAWu, ~ZmdQ> à‘mUnÌmZo "¶' cm
’$gdmdo Am{U Ë`m`moJo ZmoH$arMr ñnï> qH$dm Cnc{jV g§{dXm H$aÊ`mg Ë`mcm àd¥Îm H$amdo Agm "H$' Mm CÔoe
hmoVm, Ë`mAWu Ë`mZo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- EImÚm ‘mUgmZo Ho$cocr ñdV:À`m ZmdmMr ñdmjar hr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU `m gXamV O‘m hmoD$ eHo$c.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm EH$m {d{Z‘`nÌmda ñdV:À`m ZmdmMr, Ë`mM ZmdmÀ`m Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrZo Vo {dnÌ H$mT>co hmoVo Agm g‘O
ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo ñdmjar H$aVmo. "H$'Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
(b) "H$' EH$m H$mJXmda ""ñdrH¥$V'' Agm eãX {c{hVmo Am{U "`' À`m ZmdmMr ñdmjar H$aVmo, CÔoe Agm H$s, "I'
Zo "`' À`m Zmdmda H$mT>coco {d{Z‘`nÌ "I' Zo Z§Va Ë`m H$mJXmda {chmdo Am{U OUy H$mhr "¶' Zo Vo ñdrH¥$V
Ho$coco Agmdo Ë`mà‘mUo Vo naH«${‘V H$amdo. "H$' hm ~ZmdQ>rH$aUm~Ôc Xmofr Amho, Am{U Oa "I'Zo gË` ‘mhrV
AgyZhr "H$' À`m CÔoemZwgma Ë`m H$mJXmda {d{Z‘`nÌ {c{hco Va, "I'gwÕm ~ZmdQ>rH$aUm~Ôc Xmofr hmoB©c.
(c) "H$' Ë`mÀ`mM ZmdmÀ`m Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m Am{Xï>mg àXo` Agcoco {d{Z‘`nÌ cm§~dVmo. Vo {dnÌ Á`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m
Am{Xï>mg àXo` hmoVo {VZoM Vo n¥ð>m§{H$V Ho$co Agm g‘O ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo "H$' Vo ñdV:À`m Zmdo n¥ð>m§{H$V H$aVmo.
`m~m~VrV, "H$' Zo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
(d) "I' {déÕ Pmcoë`m hþHy$‘Zmå`mÀ`m A§‘c~OmdUrV {dH«$scm H$mT>cocr g§nXm "H$' IaoXr H$aVmo. g§nXoÀ`m
A{^J«hUmZ§Va "I' hm "H$' cm J§S>dmdo Am{U A{^J«hUmnydu g§nXoMm ^mS>onÅ>m Pmcm hmoVm Agm g‘O ìhmdm `m
CÔoemZo "¶' er g§JZ‘V H$ê$Z, "¶' cm Zm‘‘mÌ ^mS>çmZo Am{U XrK© ‘wXVrZo g§nXm XoUmam ^mS>onÅ>m {Zînm{XV
H$aVmo d A{^J«hUmÀ`m ghm ‘{hZo AmYrMr VmarI ^mS>onQ²Q>çmda KmcVmo. "I'Zo Oar ñdV:À`mM ZmdmZo ^mS>onÅ>m
{Zînm{XV Ho$cm Agcm Var ‘mJrc VmarI Q>mH$ë`m‘wio Ë`mZo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$co Ago hmoVo.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 155
(e) {XdmiImoarÀ`m nyd©H$ënZoZo "H$' hm ì`mnmar Amnë`m ’$m`ÚmgmR>r Am{U Amnë`m YZH$m|Zm J§S>dÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
"I' H$S>o Om`XmX R>odVmo Am{U Ë`m ì`dhmamcm IaonUmMr N>Q>m XoÊ`mgmR>r Vmo, {‘imcoë`m ‘yë`mBVH$s a¸$‘ "I'
cm XoÊ`mgmR>r ñdV:cm ~m§YyZ KoUmar EH$ dMZ{MR²>R>r {c{hVmo Am{U "H$' da {XdmiImoa hmoÊ`mMr nmir òÊ`mAJmoXa
Ë`mZo Vr {c{hcr hmoVr Agm g‘O ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo Ë`mda ‘mJrc VmarI KmcVmo. "H$'Zo ì`m»òÀ`m n{hë`m
gXamImcr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Amho.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- EImXm ImoQ>m XñVEodO Iè`mIwè`m ì`ŠVrZo ~Zdcm hmoVm Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo H$pënV
ì`ŠVrÀ`m ZmdmZo qH$dm Vmo XñVEodO EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo h`mV AgVmZm Ho$cm hmoVm Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo ‘¥V
ì`ŠVrÀ`m ZmdmZo Vgm XñVEodO ~ZdUo ho ~ZmdQ>rH$aU `m gXamV O‘m hmoD$ eHo$c.
CXmhaU
"H$' H$pënV ì`ŠVrÀ`m Zmdmda EH$ {d{Z‘`nÌ H$mT>Vmo, Am{U Vo naH«$m{‘V H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Vmo H$nQ>rnUmZo Aem
ì`ŠVrÀ`m ZmdmZo Vo {dnÌ ñdrH$maVmo. "H$' ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aVmo.
ñnï>rH$aU 3.- `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r, BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ghr H$aUo `m g§kocm ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ A{Y{Z`‘, 2000
(2001 Mm 21) À`m H$c‘ 2 À`m nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) Mm I§S> (d) ‘Üò Omo AW© {Xcm Agoc VmoM AW© Agoc.
465. ~ZmdQ>rH$aU~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
466. Ý`m`mc`rZ A{^coI qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ Zm|X- nwñVH$, B. Mo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU.- Omo XñVEodO åhUOo Ý`m`mc`mMm
qH$dm Ý`m`mc`mVrc A{^coI qH$dm H$m`©dmhr Agë`mMo AWdm OÝ‘, ~m{áñ‘m, {ddmh qH$dm X’$Z `m§Mo Zm|XnÌ Agë`mMo
AWdm cmoH$godH$mZo Ë`m ZmË`mZo R>odcoco Zm|XnwñVH$ Agë`mMo {XgVo AJa cmoH$godH$mZo Ë`mÀ`m nXmÀ`m ZmË`mZo V`ma Ho$coco
à‘mUnÌ qH$dm XñVEodO Agë`mMo AWdm Xmdm ‘m§S>Uo qH$dm Ë`mV ~Mmd XoUo qH$dm Ë`mVrc H$moUVrhr H$m`©dmhr H$aUo qH$dm
Ý`m`{ZU©`mg H$~wcr XoUo `m{df`rMo àm{YH$manÌ Agë`mMo AWdm EImXm ‘wIË`maZm‘m Agë`mMo {XgVo Ë`m XñVEodOm~m~V
Omo H$moUr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfmªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
467. ‘yë`dmZ amoIm, ‘¥Ë`wnÌ, B.Mo ~ZmdQ>rH$aU.- Omo XñVEodO åhUOo EImXm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm qH$dm EImXo ‘¥Ë`wnÌ
qH$dm ‘wcJm XÎmH$ KoÊ`m{df`rMo EImXo àm{YH$manÌ Agë`mMo {XgVo, AWdm EImXm ‘yë`dmZ² amoIm ~ZdÊ`mMm qH$dm hñVm§V[aV
H$aÊ`mMm AJa ‘wÔc, Ë`mdarc ì`mO qH$dm cm^m§e KoÊ`mMm AJa H$moUVrhr a¸$‘, O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm
ñdrH$maÊ`mMm qH$dm gwnyX© H$aÊ`mMm àm{YH$ma H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm XoV Agë`mMo {XgVo Agm EImXm XñVEodO AWdm Omo
XñVEodO åhUOo n¡go MwH$Vo Pmë`mMr nmoM XoUmao {ZñVmanÌ qH$dm nmdVr AJa H$moUVrhr O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ² amoIm
gwnyX© H$aÊ`mV Amë`m~ÔcMo {ZñVmanÌ qH$dm nmdVr Agë`mMo {XgVo Agm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coI Omo
H$moUr ~ZmdQ> V`ma H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
ñnï>rH$aU - `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmgmR>r ""Zm|XnwñVH$'', `m‘Üò H$moUVrhr `mXr, AmYmagm‘J«r qH$dm ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ
A{Y{Z`‘, 2000 (2000 Mm 21) `mMm H$c‘ 2 nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) À`m I§S> (Ama) ‘Üò ì`m»`m {Xcoë`m BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ñdê$nmV
R>odcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Zm|XrMm A{^coI `m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
156 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
468. R>H$dUyH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~ZmdQ>rH$aU.- ~ZmdQ> XñVEodO, ~ZmdQ> BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© R>H$dUyH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
dmnacm Omdm `m CÔoemZo Omo H$moUr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$arc Ë`mcm, gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
469. cm¡{H$H$mg ~mY AmUÊ`mgmR>r ~ZmdQ>rH$aU.- Omo H$moUr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$arc Am{U Ë`m ~ZmdQ> XñVEodOm‘wio
qH$dm ~ZmdQ> BcoŠQ´>m{° ZH$ aoH$m°S>‘© i
w o H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m cm¡{H$H$mg ~mY `mdm Agm Á`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m à`moOZmgmR>r
Vmo dmnacm OmUo g§^dZr` Amho `mMr Á`mcm OmUrd Agoc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m
470. ~ZmdQ> XñVEodO.- Omo XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© g§nyU©V: qH$dm A§eV: ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$ê$Z Ho$cocm
Agoc Vmo XñVEodO ~ZmdQ> XñVEodO hmo`.
471. ~ZmdQ> XñVEodO Iam åhUyZ dmnaUo.- Omo XñVEodO ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ~ZmdQ> BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>© Agë`mMo ñdV:cm
‘mhrV Amho qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg ñdV:cm H$maU Amho Agm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo
Iam åhUyZ dmnarc Ë`mcm, OUy H$mhr Ë`mZo Aem XñVEodOm~m~V ~ZmdQ>rH$aU Ho$coco Agmdo Ë`mà‘mUo VrM {ejm hmoB©c.
472. H$c‘ 467 AÝdò {ejmnmÌ Agcoco ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ZH$cr ‘mohmoa, B. ~ZdUo qH$dm
H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- Oa H$moUr EImXr ‘mohmoa, ‘wÐmnQ> qH$dm R>gm C‘Q>dÊ`mMo AÝ` gmYZ ~Zdco qH$dm ZH$cr V`ma Ho$co Am{U
Ë`m‘mJo, `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$c‘ 467 AÝdò {ejmnmÌ hmoD$ eHo$c Ago H$moUVohr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm dmna H$amdm
Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc AWdm Aer H$moUVrhr ‘mohmoa, ‘wÐmnQ> qH$dm AÝ` gmYZ ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZ Ë`mZo Vem
CÔoemZo Vo H$ãOmV ~miJco Va, Ë`mcm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
473. AÝ`Wm {ejmnmÌ Agcoco ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ZH$cr ‘mohmoa, BË`mXr ~ZdUo qH$dm H$ãOmV
~miJUo.- Oa H$moUr EImXr ‘mohmoa, ‘wÐmnQ> qH$dm R>gm C‘Q>dÊ`mMo AÝ` gmYZ ~Zdco qH$dm ZH$cr V`ma Ho$co Am{U `m
àH$aUmVrc H$c‘ 467 hÿZ AÝ` H$moUË`mhr H$c‘mÝdò {ejmnmÌ hmoD$ eHo$c Ago H$moUVohr ~ZmdQ>rH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm
dmna H$amdm Agm Ë`m‘mJo, Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc AWdm Aer H$moUVrhr ‘mohmoa, ‘wÐmnQ> qH$dm AÝ` gmYZ ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV
AgyZ Ë`mZo Vem CÔoemZo Vo H$ãOmV ~miJco Va, Ë`mcm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
474. H$c‘ 466 qH$dm 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$cocm XñVEodO Vmo ~ZmdQ> Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgVmZm, Vmo Iam åhUyZ
dmnaÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- 2[EImXm XñVEodO AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ A{^coI ~ZmdQ> Agë`mMo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV
AgyZ Vmo H$nQ>rnUmZo AJa Aàm‘m{UH$nUo Iam åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mMm CÔoemZo ~miJrc Ë`mcm Vmo XñVEodO AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$
A{^coI `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$c‘ 466 ‘Üò Z‘yX Ho$coë`m dU©ZmMm AgocQ> Va gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c; Am{U Oa Vmo XñVEodO H$c‘ 467 ‘Üò
Z‘yX Ho$coë`m dU©ZmMm XñVEodO Agoc Va, Ë`mcm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr
H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
2. ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ A{Y{Z¶‘, 2000 (gZ 2000 Mm A{Y{Z¶‘ H«$. 21) AÝdò hm ‘OHy$a ~Xbr XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambm. (17-10-
2000 nmgyZ)
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 157
475. H$c‘ 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coco XñVEodO A{Yà‘m{UV H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaco OmUmao ~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh ZH$cr
V`ma H$aUo qH$dm Aer ZH$cr {MÝhmZo A§{H$V gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- Oa H$moUr H$moUË`mhr gm‘J«rda qH$dm {VÀ`m ‘w»`
Ðì`mV `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$c‘ 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$cocm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO A{Yà‘m{UV H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaco OmUmao H$moUVohr
~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh ZH$cr V`ma Ho$co Am{U Aem gm‘J«rda Ë`mdoir ~ZmdQ> V`ma Ho$cocm qH$dm Ë`mZ§Va ~ZmdQ> V`ma
H$amd`mMm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO A{Yà‘m{UV Agë`mMo ^mgdÊ`mgmR>r Ago ~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh `m§Mm dmna Ho$cm Omdm Agm
Ë`m‘mJo Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va, AWdm {OÀ`mda qH$dm {OÀ`m ‘w»` Ðì`mV Ago H$moUVohr ZH$cr ~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh A§{H$V
Ho$coco Amho Aer H$moUVrhr gm‘J«r Oa H$moUr Aem CÔoemZo H$ãOmV ~miJcr Va, Ë`mcm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm gmV
476. H$c‘ 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coë`mhÿZ AÝ` XñVEodO A{Yà‘m{UV H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaco OmUmao ~moY{MÌ qH$dm
{MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo qH$dm Aer ZH$cr {MÝhmZo A§{H$V gm‘J«r H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- Oa H$moUr H$moUË`mhr gm‘J«rda qH$dm
{VÀ`m ‘w»` Ðì`mV `m g§{hVoÀ`m H$c‘ 467 ‘Üò dU©Z Ho$coë`mhÿZ AÝ` H$moUVmhr XñVEodO qH$dm BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>©
A{Yà‘m{UV H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaco OmUmao H$moUVohr ~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh ZH$cr V`ma Ho$co Am{U Aem gm‘J«rda Ë`mdoir ~ZmdQ>
V`ma Ho$cocm qH$dm Ë`mZ§Va ~ZmdQ> V`ma H$amd`mMm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO A{Yà‘m{UV Agë`mMo ^mgdÊ`mgmR>r Ago ~moY{MÌ
qH$dm {MÝh `m§Mm dmna Ho$cm Omdm Agm Ë`m‘mJo Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va, AWdm {OÀ`mda qH$dm {OÀ`m ‘w»` Ðì`mV Ago
H$moUVohr ZH$cr ~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh A§{H$V Ho$coco Amho Aer H$moUVrhr gm‘J«r Oa H$moUr Aem CÔoemZo H$ãOmV ~miJcr Va,
Ë`mcm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
477. H$nQ>rnUmZo ‘¥Ë`wnÌ, XÎmH$ KoÊ`mg§~§YrMo àm{YH$manÌ qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ amoIm ImoSy>Z aÔ H$aUo, Vmo Zï> H$aUo,
BË`mXr.- Omo XñVEodO åhUOo EImXo ‘¥Ë`wnÌ, ‘wcJm XÎmH$ KoÊ`mg§~§YrMo àm{YH$manÌ qH$dm H$moUVmhr ‘yë`dmZ amoIm Amho
qH$dm Vgm Agë`mMo {XgVo Agm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO Omo H$moUr H$nQ>rnUmZo qH$dm Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo AWdm OZVocm qH$dm
H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm ZwH$gmZ qH$dm jVr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ImoSy>Z aÔ H$arc, Zï> H$arc qH$dm {dê${nV H$arc AWdm ImoSy>Z
aÔ H$aÊ`mMm, Zï> H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm {dê${nV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc AWdm Vmo Jwá amIrc qH$dm Jwá amIÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arc
AWdm Aem XñVEodOmÀ`m ~m~VrV AmJirH$ H$arc Ë`mcm, 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
2
[477-A. ImoQ>o {heo~ V`ma H$aUo.- {c{nH$, nXm{YH$mar qH$dm godH$ Agcocm AWdm {c{nH$, nXm{YH$mar qH$dm
H$‘©Mmar `mÀ`m H$m‘mda Zo‘cocm qH$dm Vo H$m‘ H$aUmam Omo H$moUr ~w{Õnwañga Am{U cw~mS>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo, Amnë`m {Z`moŠË`mÀ`m
‘mcH$sMr qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m H$ãOmV Agcocr qH$dm Amnë`m {Z`moŠË`mH$aVm qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m dVrZo KoVcocr Aer H$moUVrhr dhr,
AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>©, H$mJX, {cImU, ‘yë`dmZ amoIm qH$dm {heo~ Zï> H$arc, ~Xcrc, {dpÀN>Þ H$arc qH$dm ImoQ>m V`ma
H$arc AWdm ~w{Õnwañga Am{U cw~mS>Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Aer H$moUVrhr dhr, AJa BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ aoH$m°S>©, H$mJX, {cImU, ‘yë`dmZ
amoIm qH$dm {heo~ `m‘Üò H$moUVrhr ImoQ>r Zm|X H$arc AJa Ë`mVrc EImXm ‘hÎdmMm Vnerc Ë`m‘YyZ JmiyZ Q>mH$sc qH$dm Vmo
~Xcrc AJa Vmo JmiÊ`mg qH$dm ~XcÊ`mg AnàoaUm XoB©c Ë`mcm, gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1
2. 1895 Mm A{Y{Z`‘, 3-H$c‘ 4 Ûmao ho H$c‘ OmXm XmIc Ho$co.
158 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
ñnï>rH$aU- `m H$c‘mImcrc XmofmamonmV, H$moUmcm cw~mS>Ê`mMm CÔoe hmoVm Ë`m {d{eï> ì`ŠVrMo Zmd Z XoVm AWdm
H$nQ>{df` åhUyZ n¡emMr H$moUVr a¸$‘ CÔo{eV hmoVr Vr {d{eï> a¸$‘ qH$dm Á`m {Xder Vmo AnamY H$aÊ`mV Amcm Vmo {d{eï>
{Xdg {d{Z{X©ï> Z H$aVm cw~mS>Ê`mMm gd©gmYmaU CÔoe hmoVm Ago A{^H$WZ H$aUo nwaogo hmoB©c.]>
[ * * * ñdm{‘Ëd{df`H$ d BVa {MÝho `m§{df`r]>
1 2
478. [ì`mnma-{MÝh]> ì`mnma-{MÝh Am{U nÊ`-{MÝh A{Y{Z`‘, 1958 (1958 Mm 43) H$c‘ 135 Am{U AZwgyMr
`m§Ûmao {Za{gV (25 Zmoìh|~a, 1959 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
479. ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh.- O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm EImÚm {d{eï> ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘mcH$sMr Amho Ago Xe©dÊ`mgmR>r dmnaë`m OmUmè`m
{MÝhmg ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh Ago åhUVmV.
480. [ImoQ>o ì`mnma-{MÝh dmnaUo]>. ì`mnma-{MÝh Am{U nÊ`-{MÝh A{Y{Z`‘, 1958 (1958 Mm 43) H$c‘ 135
Am{U AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {Za{gV (25 Zmoìh|~a, 1959 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
481. ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh dmnaUo.- Oa H$moUr H$moUVrhr O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘mc AJa Á`mÀ`m AmV O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm
qH$dm ‘mc Amho Agm H$moUVmhr ImoH$m, Amdoï>Z qH$dm AÝ` nmÌ Aem arVrZo {MÝhm§{H$V Ho$co H$s, AWdm Á`mda H$moUVohr {MÝh
A§{H$V Amho Agm H$moUVmhr ImoH$m, Amdoï>Z qH$dm AÝ` nmÌ Aem arVrZo dmnaco H$s, OoUoH$ê$Z Aer {MÝhm§{H$V ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm
‘mc AWdm `mà‘mUo {MÝhm§{H$V Aem H$moUË`mhr nmÌmV Agcocr H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm qH$dm ‘mc Á`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘mcH$sMm Zmhr
{VÀ`m ‘mcH$sMm Vmo Amho Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U ìhmdm, Va Ë`mZo ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh dmnaco Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
482. ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh dmnaÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr 3* * * H$moUVohr ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh dmnarc Ë`mZo
cw~mS>UyH$ H$aÊ`mMm CÔoe ZgVmZm AmnU Vgo dmJcmo Ago em~rV Ho$co Zmhr Va, Ë`mcm EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
483. Xwgè`mZo dmnaco Agoc Vgo ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo dmnaco
Agoc Vgo H$moUVohr 4* * * ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$arc, Ë`mcm XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
484. cmoH$godH$mZo dmnacoco {MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr cmoH$godH$mZo dmnacoco H$moUVohr ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh
AWdm EImXr ‘mc‘Îmm EImÚm {d{eï> ì`ŠVrZo qH$dm {d{eï> doir qH$dm {d{eï> ñWir {Z{‘©cocr Amho AJa Vr ‘mc‘Îmm {d{eï>
àVrMr Amho qH$dm EImÚm H$m`m©c`mÀ`m ‘mJ} {ZJ©{‘V Pmcocr Amho qH$dm Vr EImÚm àH$mao gyQ> {‘iÊ`mg h¸$Xma Amho Ago
Xe©dÊ`mgmR>r cmoH$godH$mZo dmnacoco H$moUVohr {MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$arc AWdm Ago H$moUVohr {MÝh ZH$cr Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ
Vo Iao åhUyZ dmnarc Ë`mcm VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c
1. 1889 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 4-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao ‘yi erf©H$ Am{U H$c‘o 478 Vo 489 `mEodOr ho erf©H$ d H$c‘o XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcr.
2. 1958 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 43-H$c‘ 135 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""ì`mnma'' hm eãX JmiÊ`mV Amcm (25 Zmoìh|~a, 1959 amoOr d
VoìhmnmgyZ).
3. 1958 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 43-H$c‘ 135 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""H$moUVohr ImoQ>o ì`mnma-{MÝh qH$dm'' ho eãX JmiÊ`mV Amco (25 Zmoìh|~a,
4. 1958 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 43-H$c‘ 135 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""ì`mnma-{MÝh qH$dm'' ho eãX JmiÊ`mV Amco (25 Zmoìh|~a, 1959 amoOr
d VoìhmnmgyZ).
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 159
1
[485. ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVohr gmYZ ~ZdUo qH$dm H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- Omo H$moUr
ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImXm gmMm, ‘wÐmnQ> qH$dm AÝ` gmYZ ~Zdrc qH$dm H$ãOmV ~miJrc AWdm
EImXm ‘mc Á`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m ‘mcH$sMm Zmhr {VÀ`m ‘mcH$sMm Vmo Amho Ago Xe©dÊ`mgmR>r EImXo ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh H$ãOmV
~miJrc Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm
XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.]>
486. ZH$cr ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝhmZo A§{H$V Agcocm ‘mc {dH$Uo.- 2[H$moUË`mhr ‘mcmda qH$dm dñVyda AWdm Á`mÀ`m
AmV Agm ‘mc Amho Agm H$moUVmhr ImoH$m, Amdoï>Z qH$dm AÝ` nmÌ `m§da EImXo ZH$cr ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh cmdcoco qH$dm
R>gdcoco AgVmZm Omo H$moUr Agm ‘mc qH$dm dñVy {dHo$c AWdm {dH«$sgmR>r ‘m§S>rc qH$dm H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mZo,]-
(a) `m H$c‘mÀ`m {déÕ H$moUVmhr AnamY KSy> Zò åhUyZ gd©àH$mao dmOdr I~aXmar KoVcr Agë`m‘wio, A{^H${WV
AnamY KS>Vodoir {MÝhmÀ`m IaonUm{df`r g§e` KoÊ`mMo AmnUmg H$maU ZìhVo, Am{U
(b) AmnU Á`m ì`ŠVtH$Sy>Z Agm ‘mc qH$dm dñVy {‘idë`m Ë`m§À`m~Ôc {’$`m©XrZo qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m dVrZo Ho$coë`m
‘mJUrZwgma `WmeŠVr gd© ‘m{hVr {Xcr, qH$dm
(c) AÝ`Wm AmnU {ZamJgnUo dmJcmo hmoVmo,
Ago em~rV Ho$co Zmhr Va, Ë`mcm EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
487. Á`mÀ`m AmV ‘mc Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr nmÌmda ImoQ>o {MÝh H$aUo.- Á`mÀ`m AmV ‘mc Amho Agm H$moUVmhr
ImoH$m, Amdoï>Z qH$dm AÝ` nmÌ `mda Omo H$moUr Aem arVrZo ImoQ>o {MÝh H$arc H$s OoUoH$ê$Z, Omo ‘mc Aem nmÌmV Zmhr Vmo
Ë`mV Amho Agm qH$dm Omo ‘mc Ë`mÀ`mV Amho Vmo Ë`mV Zmhr Agm qH$dm Aem nmÌmVrc ‘mc Ë`mMo Iao ñdê$n qH$dm àV `mhÿZ
doJù`m ñdê$nmMm d àVrMm Amho Agm H$moUË`mhr cmoH$godH$mMm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm g‘O ìhmdm Agm dmOdr
R>moH$Vmim ~m§YVm òB©c, Ë`mZo cw~mS>UyH$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AmnU Vgo dmJcmo ZìhVmo Ago em~rV Ho$co Zmhr Va, Ë`mcm VrZ
488. Aem H$moUË`mhr ImoQ>çm {MÝhmMm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`m~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr cJVnyd© H$c‘mZo ‘Zm Ho$coë`m Aem
H$moUË`mhr ImoQ>çm {MÝhmMm H$moUË`mhr arVrZo Cn`moJ H$arc Ë`mZo, cw~mS>UyH$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo AmnU Vgo dmJcmo ZìhVmo Ago
em~rV Ho$co Zmhr Va, OUy H$mhr Ë`m H$c‘m{déÕM AnamY Ho$cocm Agmdm Ë`mà‘mUo Ë`mcm {ejm hmoB©c.
489. jVr nmoMdÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo ñdm{‘Ëd {MÝhm~m~V J¡a’o$a H$aUo. - Oa H$moUr H$moUVohr ñdm{‘Ëd-{MÝh H$mTy>Z
Q>mH$co, Zï> Ho$co, {dê${nV Ho$co qH$dm Ë`mV â KmVcr Am{U Ë`m`moJo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm jVr nmoMdmdr Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe
Agoc qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mg AmnU H$maU hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c
1. 1958 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 43, H$c‘ 135 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr ho H$c‘ XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco (25 Zmoìh|~a, 1959 amoOr
d VoìhmnmgyZ).
2. 1958 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 43, H$c‘ 135 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {dd{jV ‘OHw$amEodOr KmVco (25 Zmoìh|~a, 1959 amoOr d VoìhmnmgyZ).
160 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
1
[McZr ZmoQ>m d ~±H$-ZmoQ>m `m{df`r]>
489-A$. McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo.- Omo H$moUr H$moUVrhr McZr ZmoQ> qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ> ZH$cr
V`ma H$arc qH$dm Vr ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òn¡H$s H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma nmS>rc Ë`mcm, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]> qH$dm Xhm
dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
ñnï>rH$aU.- `m H$c‘mÀ`m Am{U H$c‘o 489-B, 3[489-C, 489-D, Am{U 489-E>]> `m§À`m à`moOZmW© ~±H$-ZmoQ>
`m eãXà`moJmMm AW©, OJmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJm‘Üò ~±H$ì`dgm` H$aUmè`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo AWdm H$moUË`mhr amÁ`gÎmoÀ`m
qH$dm gmd©^m¡‘ gÎmoÀ`m àm{YH$mamÝdò qH$dm Ë`mImcr Oo dMZnÌ qH$dm A{^g§Ho$VnÌ ‘mJUr hmoVmM YmaUH$Ë`m©cm n¡go MwH$Vo
H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$mT>coco AgyZ n¡emMm g‘‘yë`H$ åhUyZ qH$dm n`m©` åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mgmR>r `moOcoco AgVo Ago H$moUVohr dMZnÌ
qH$dm A{^g§Ho$VnÌ Agm Amho.
489-B. ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m Iè`m åhUyZ dmnaUo.- Omo H$moUr H$moUVrhr ~ZmdQ> qH$dm
ZH$cr McZr ZmoQ> qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>, Vr ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ, Vr
Iar åhUyZ AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrcm {dHo$c qH$dm {VÀ`mH$Sy>Z IaoXr H$arc qH$dm KoB©c qH$dm AÝ`Wm {VMm Anì`mnma qH$dm
Cn`moJ H$arc Ë`mcm, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m
489-C. ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- Omo H$moUr H$moUVrhr ~ZmdQ> qH$dm
ZH$cr McZr ZmoQ> qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>, Vro ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr Agë`mMo ‘mhrV AgyZ qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ Am{U
Vr Iar åhUyZ dmnamdr qH$dm Vr Iar åhUyZ dmnacr Omdr Aem CÔoemZo H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
489-D. McZr ZmoQ>m qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m ~ZmdQ> qH$dm ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmYZo qH$dm gm‘J«r ~ZdUo qH$dm
H$ãOmV ~miJUo.- H$moUVrhr `§Ìgm‘J«r, gmYZ qH$dm gm‘J«r hr, H$moUVrhr McZr ZmoQ> qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ> ~ZmdQ> V`ma
H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm ZH$cr V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`moOZmW© dmnaÊ`mgmR>r AWdm Ë`mgmR>r Vr dmnaÊ`mMo CÔo{eV Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ
qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vr gmYZ gm‘J«r ~Zdrc qH$dm Vr ~ZdÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òn¡H$s H$moUVmhr ^mJ nma
© qH$dm {dHo$c qH$dm {VMr dmgcmV cmdrc qH$dm Vr H$ãOmV ~miJrc Ë`mcm, 2[AmOrd H$mamdmgmMr]>,
nmS>rc qH$dm Vr {dH$V KoBc
qH$dm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.
4
[489-E.> McZr ZmoQ>m {H$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ>m `m§gmaIo {XgUmao XñVEodO ~ZdUo qH$dm dmnaUo. (1) Omo XñVEodO
åhUOo EImXr McZr ZmoQ> qH$dm ~±H$-ZmoQ> Agë`mMo {XgVo qH$dm H$moUË`mhr àH$mao VrgmaIm {XgVmo qH$dm McZr ZmoQ> AJa
~±H$-ZmoQ> åhUyZ ’$gJV hmoD$ eH$Ê`mBVnV OdiOdi VgmM {XgVmo Agm H$moUVmhr XñVEodO Omo H$moUr ~Zdrc qH$dm ~ZdyZ
KoB©c qH$dm H$moUË`mhr à`moOZmgmR>r dmnarc qH$dm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrH$S>o gwnyX© H$arc Ë`mcm, e§â én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c
BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
1. 1899 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 12-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao OmXm XmIc Ho$co.

3. 1950 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 35-H$c‘ 3 d 2 ar AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao 489-C d 489-D `mEodoOr XmIc Ho$co.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 161
(2) Omo XñVEodO ~ZdUo hm nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) AÝdò AnamY Amho Ë`mda {OMo Zmd {XgVo Aem H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo Oa
nmocrg A{YH$mè`mH$Sy>Z {Vcm {dMmaUm Pmcr AgVm, H$moUË`m ì`ŠVrZo Vmo N>mncm qH$dm AÝ`Wm ~Zdcm {VMo Zmd Am{U nÎmm
CKS> H$aÊ`mg H$m`Xoera g~~r{edm` ZH$ma {Xcm Va, {Vcm XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr {ejm hmoB©c.
(3) Á`m H$moUË`mhr XñVEodOm~m~V nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) Imcr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrda AnamYmMm Xmofmamon Ho$cocm Agoc Ë`mda
AWdm Ë`m XñVEodOmÀ`m g§~§YmV dmnaÊ`mV AJa XoÊ`mV Amcoë`m AÝ` H$moUË`mhr XñVEodOmda EImÚm ì`ŠVrMo Zmd {XgyZ
òB©c Voìhm, Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo Vmo XñVEodO ~ZdyZ KoVcm Ago, VX²{déÕ em~rV hmoB©n`ªV J¥hrV YaVm òB©c. ]>
àH$aU 19 do
godm-g§{dXm§À`m ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ^§Jm{df`r
490. [OcàdmgmV qH$dm àdmgmV AgVmZm Ho$cocm godm-g§{dXoMm ^§J.]> H$‘©Mmè`m§Mm g§{dXm^§J ({ZagZ) A{Y{Z`‘,
1925 (1925 Mm 3) - H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {Za{gV.
491. Aghm` ì`ŠVrMr XoI^mc H$aUo d {VÀ`m JaOm nwadUo `m§~m~VÀ`m g§{dXoMm ^§J.- Aënd` qH$dm ‘Zmo{dH$cVm
`m‘wio AWdm amoJ qH$dm emar[aH$ Xw~ionUm `m‘wio Or H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr Agmhmæ` Agoc qH$dm {VÀ`m ñdV:À`m gwa{jVVoMr
VOdrO H$aÊ`mg qH$dm {VÀ`m ñdV:À`m JaOm nyU© H$aÊ`mg Ag‘W© Agoc Ë`m ì`ŠVrMr XoI^mc H$aÊ`mg qH$dm {VÀ`m JaOm
nwa{dÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ Agcocm Omo H$moUr Vgo H$aÊ`mMo BÀN>mnyd©H$ Q>mirc Ë`mcm, VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm XmoZeo én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
492. [OoWo H$‘©Mmè`mcm ‘mcH$mÀ`m IMm©Zo ZoÊ`mV òVo Ë`m XyaÀ`m {R>H$mUr H$m‘ H$aÊ`mÀ`m g§{dXoMm ^§J.]> H$‘©Mmè`m§Mm
g§{dXm^§J ({ZagZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1925 (1925 Mm 3)-H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {Za{gV.
àH$aU 20 do
{ddmhmg§~§YrÀ`m AnamYm§{df`r
493. EImÚm nwéfmZo H$m`Xoera {ddmh Pmë`mMm g‘O c~mS>rZo {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z Xm§nË`^mdmZo ghdmg KS>dyZ
AmUUo. - Or ór Amnë`mer H$m`XoeranUo {ddmh~Õ Pmcocr Zmhr {VMm, Amnë`mer Vr H$m`XoeranUo {ddmh~Õ Pmcocr Amho
Agm c~mS>rZo g‘O H$ê$Z XoD$Z Vem g‘OwVrV {Vcm Amnë`m~amo~a Xm§nË`^mdmZo amhÊ`mg qH$dm c¢{JH$ g§^moJ H$aÊ`mg Omo
nwéf ^mJ nmS>Vmo Ë`m àËòH$ nwéfmcm Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm
hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ hmoB©c.
494. nVr qH$dm nËZr h`mV AgVmZmÀ`m H$mimV nwÝhm {ddmh H$aUo.- nVr qH$dm nËZr {Od§V AgVmZm Omo H$moUr
{ddmh H$arc Am{U Agm {ddmh Aem nVrÀ`m qH$dm nËZrÀ`m h`mVrV Pmcm `m H$maUm‘wio Vmo aÔ~mVc Agoc Va, Ë`mcm gmV
AndmX.-Á`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMm Aem nVr~amo~a qH$dm nËZr~amo~a Pmcocm {ddmh gj‘ A{YH$m[aVm Agcoë`m
Ý`m`mc`mZo aÔ~mVc Agë`mMo Kmo{fV Ho$coco Agoc Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm ho H$c‘ cmJy hmoV Zmhr,
VgoM, Or H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr AJmoXaÀ`m nVrÀ`m qH$dm nËZrÀ`m h`mVrV {ddmh H$arc Am{U Agm nVr qH$dm nËZr
Z§VaÀ`m {ddmhmÀ`m doir Aem ì`ŠVrnmgyZ gmV dfm©ªn`ªV gmVË`mZo Xya am{hcoë`m/am{hcocr Agoc Am{U Vmo/Vr {Od§V
^mX§g-11
162 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
Agë`mMo Ë`m H$mcmdYrV Aem ì`ŠVrÀ`m Eo{H$dmV Amco Zgoc Va, Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm ho H$c‘ cmJy hmoV Zmhr-‘mÌ Agm Z§VaMm
{ddmh H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo Á`m ì`ŠVrer Agm {ddmh H$aÊ`mV òB©c {Vcm Amnë`mcm ‘mhrV Agoc Ë`m ‘`m©Xon`ªV Iar
dñVwpñWVr {d{XV H$amd`mg hdr.
495. Á`m ì`ŠVr~amo~a Z§VaMm {ddmh Pmcm Agoc {VÀ`mnmgyZ nyduÀ`m {ddmhmMr dñVwpñWVr cndë`mZo VmoM
AnamY KS>Vmo.- Omo H$moUr Z§VaMm {ddmh Á`m ì`ŠVr~amo~a Pmcm Amho Ë`m ì`ŠVrnmgyZ nyduÀ`m {ddmhmMr dñVwpñWVr cndyZ
Ë`mÛmao cJVnyd© H$c‘mV ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY H$arc Ë`mcm, Xhm dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
496. H$m`Xoera {ddmh Z H$aVm H$nQ>rnUmZo Amncm {ddmhg§ñH$ma H$ê$Z KoUo.- Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo qH$dm H$nQ>nyU©
CÔoemZo Oa H$moUr ñdV:À`m ~m~VrV {ddmh~Õ hmoÊ`mMm g§ñH$ma H$ê$Z KoVcm Am{U Ë`mÛmao AmnU H$m`XoeranUo {ddmh~Õ hmoV
Zmhr `mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
497. naJ‘Z.- Or ì`ŠVr AÝ` nwéfmMr nËZr AgyZ Vo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Agoc qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg ñdV:cm H$maU
Agoc Aem ì`ŠVrer Ë`m nwéfmMr g§‘Vr qH$dm ‘yH$mZw‘Vr ZgVmZm Omo H$moUr c¢{JH$ g§^moJ H$arc d hm c¢{JH$ g§^moJ
~cmËH$mamMm AnamY `m gXamV ‘moS>V Zgoc Va, Vmo naJ‘ZmÀ`m AnamYm~Ôc Xmofr Agoc, Am{U Ë`mcm nmM dfm©ªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc. Aem àH$aUr,
nËZr hr AnàoaH$ åhUyZ {ejmnmÌ hmoUma Zmhr.
498. JwÝhoJmar CÔoemZo {ddm{hV órg ^wai nmSy>Z ZoUo qH$dm nidyZ ZoUo qH$dm AS>H$dyZ R>odUo.- Or ór AÝ`
H$moUË`mhr nwéfmMr nËZr AgyZ Vo ñdV:cm ‘mhrV Agoc qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg H$maU Agoc Aem H$moUË`mhr órcm Oa H$moUr
{VMm H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVr~amo~a {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ KS>mdm `m CÔoemZo {Vcm Ë`m nwéfmnmgyZ qH$dm Ë`m nwéfmÀ`m dVrZo {VMr
XoI^mc H$aUmè`m H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrnmgyZ Xya nidyZ qH$dm ^wai nmSy>Z Zoco qH$dm Ë`m CÔoemZo Aem H$moUË`mhr órg cndyZ
qH$dm AS>H$dyZ R>odco Va, Ë`mcm XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm
1
[àH$aU 20-A
nVrZo qH$dm nVrÀ`m ZmVodmBH$m§Zr H«y$a dmJUyH$ XoÊ`m{df`r
498-A$. EImÚm órÀ`m nVrZo qH$dm nVrÀ`m ZmVodmBH$m§Zr {Vcm H«y$a dmJUyH$ XoUo. - Omo H$moUr EImÚm órMm nVr
AgyZ qH$dm nVrMm ZmVodmB©H$ AgyZ, Aem órcm H«y$a dmJUyH$ XoB©c Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m
ñnï>rH$aU.- `m H$c‘mÀ`m à`moOZmW© "H«y$a dmJUyH$ XoUo' `mMm AW© nwT>rcà‘mUo Amho :
(a) Á`m‘wio Ë`m órcm AmË‘hË`m H$aUo H«$‘àmá hmoB©c AWdm {Vcm XwImnV hmoB©c AWdm {VÀ`m Or{dVmcm, A§Jmcm
qH$dm ñdmñÏ`mcm (‘mZ{gH$ qH$dm emar[aH$) YmoH$m {Z‘m©U hmoB©c Aem VèhoZo H$moUVohr ~w{Õnwañga dV©Z;
(b) Ooìhm Ë`m órda qH$dm {VÀ`mer g§~§{YV Agcoë`m H$moUË`m ì`ŠVrda H$moUË`mhr ‘mc‘ÎmoMr qH$dm ‘yë`dmZ
amo»`mMr ~oH$m`Xoera ‘mJUr nyU© H$aÊ`mMr O~aXñVr H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVZy o AWdm Aer ‘mJUr nyU© H$aÊ`mV {VÀ`mH$Sy>Z
qH$dm {VÀ`mer g§~§{YV Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z H$gya Pmë`m~Ôc {Vcm gVmdco OmVo Voìhm, Aer gVmdUyH$.]>
1. ’$m¡OXmar {dYr (Xwgao {demoYZ) A{Y{Z`‘, 1983 (1983 Mm 46), H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ho àH$aU g‘m{dï> Ho$co (25 {S>g|~a, 1983 amoOr
d VoìhmnmgyZ).
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 163
àH$aU 21 do
A~«yZwH$gmZr{df`r
499. A~«yZwH$gmZr.- ~moccoë`m qH$dm dmMÊ`mgmR>r `moOcoë`m eãXmÛmao, qH$dm IwUm§Ûmao qH$dm Ñí` à{Vê$nUm§Ûmao Oa
H$moUr H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg§~§Yr H$moUVmhr Aä`mamon Ho$cm qH$dm àH$m{eV Ho$cm Am{U Aem Aä`mamonm‘wio Aem ì`ŠVrÀ`m
cm¡{H$H$mcm ~mY `mdm Agm Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc AWdm Ë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg Ë`mcm H$maU Agoc
Va, `mV `mnwT>o AndmX Ho$cocr àH$aUo IoarO H$ê$Z Eaìhr, Ë`mZo Ë`m ì`ŠVrMr A~«yZwH$gmZr Ho$cr Ago åhQ>co OmVo.
ñnï>rH$aU 1.- ‘¥V ì`ŠVrÀ`m ~m~VrV H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Aä`mamon Vr ì`ŠVr {Od§V AgVr Va {VÀ`m cm¡{H$H$mg ~mY
AmUy eH$cm AgVm Am{U {VÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§À`m qH$dm BVa OdiÀ`m ZmVodmBH$m§À`m ^mdZm XwI{dÊ`mgmR>r `moOcocm Amho Ago
Agoc Va, Vo A~«yZwH$gmZr `m gXamV O‘m hmoD$ eHo$c.
ñnï>rH$aU 2.- EImXr H§$nZr AWdm ì`ŠVtMm A{Yg§M qH$dm g‘yh `m ZmË`mZo Ë`m§À`mg§~§Yr Aä`mamon H$aUo ho
A~«yZwH$gmZr `m gXamV O‘m hmoD$ eHo$c.
ñnï>rH$aU 3.- n`m©` ñdê$nmVrc qH$dm dH«$moŠVrnyd©H$ ì`ŠV Ho$cocm Aä`mamon hm A~«yZwH$gmZr `m gXamV O‘m hmoD$
eHo$c.
ñnï>rH$aU 4.- EImÚm Aä`mamonm‘wio BVam§À`m ZOaoV àË`jnUo qH$dm AàË`jnUo EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m Z¡{VH$ qH$dm
~m¡{ÕH$ ì`pŠVËdmcm CUonUm Amcm AWdm Ë`m ì`ŠVrMr OmV qH$dm {VMm ì`dgm` `mg§~§YmV {VÀ`m ì`pŠVËdmcm CUonUm
Amcm AWdm Ë`m ì`ŠVrMo eara K¥UmñnX AdñWoV qH$dm gd©gm‘mÝ`nUo Or cm{OadmUr åhU²yZ ‘mZcr OmVo Aem AdñWoV
Amho Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U Pmcm Ago Pmë`m{edm` Ë`m Aä`mamonmZo Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m cm¡{H$H$mcm ~mY AmUcm Ago ‘mZco OmV
Zmhr.
CXmhaUo
(a) "`' ZoM "I' Mo KS>çmi Mmoaco Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo "H$' åhUVmo "" "`' hm àm‘m{UH$ ‘mUyg
Amho, Ë`mZo H$Yrhr "I' Mo KS>çmi Mmoacoco Zmhr.'' H$moUË`mhr AndmXmÀ`m H$joV òV Zgoc Va, hr
A~«yZwH$gmZr Amho.
(b) "I' Mo KS>çmi H$moUr Mmoaco Ago "H$' cm {dMmaco OmVo. "`' Zo "I' Mo KS>çmi Mmoaco Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U ìhmdm
`m CÔoemZo "H$' hm "`' H$S>o {ZX}e H$aVmo. H$moUË`mhr AndmXmÀ`m H$joV òV Zgoc Va, hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Amho.
(c) "`' Zo "I' Mo KS>çmi Mmoaco Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U ìhmdm `m CÔoemZo "I' Mo KS>çmi KoD$Z "`' niyZ OmV Amho
Ago EH$ {MÌ "H$' H$mT>Vmo. H$moUË`mhr AndmXmÀ`m H$joV òV Zgoc Va, hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Amho.
cmoH${hVmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Aem Iè`m Jmoï>rMm Aä`mamon H$aUo qH$dm Vr àH$m{eV H$aUo. - n{hcm AndmX.-H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrÀ`m g§~§YmV Iè`m Agcoë`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rMm Aä`mamon Ho$cm OmUo qH$dm Vr àH$m{eV Ho$cr OmUo ho cmoH${hVmgmR>r
Amdí`H$ Agoc Va, Agm Aä`mamon hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho. ‘mÌ Vmo cmoH${hVmgmR>r Amho qH$dm Zmhr hm VÏ`{df`H$ àíZ Amho.
cmoH$godH$m§Mo gmd©O{ZH$ dV©Z. - Xwgam AndmX.- Amncr gmd©O{ZH$ H$m`} nma nmS>VmZm EImÚm cmoH$godH$mZo Ho$coë`m
dV©Zmg§~§Yr AWdm Ë`m dV©Zm‘Üò {OVnV Ë`mMo ì`pŠVËd {XgyZ òVo {VVnV- Ë`m ncrH$S>o ‘mÌ Zmhr-{VÀ`m ì`pŠVËdmg§~§Yr
gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$gcohr ‘V ì`ŠV H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$ àíZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrMo dV©Z. - {Vgam AndmX.- H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$
164 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
àíZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo Ho$coë`m dV©Zmg§~§Yr Am{U Ë`m dV©Zm‘Üò {OVnV {VMo ì`pŠVËd {XgyZ òVo {VVnV-
-Ë`m ncrH$S>o ‘mÌ Zmhr--{VÀ`m ì`pŠVËdmg§~§Yr gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$gcohr ‘V ì`ŠV H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
CXmhaU
EImÚm gmd©O{ZH$ àíZmda emgZmcm coIr {dZ§Vr AO© H$aUo, EImÚm gmd©O{ZH$ àíZmda g^m ~mocmdUmè`m ‘mJUr-
AOm©da ghr H$aUo, Aem gôMo AÜ`jñWmZ ñdrH$maUo qH$dm {Vcm hOa amhUo, OZVoMm nmqR>~m ‘mJÊ`mgmR>r EImXr g§ñWm
ñWmnZ H$aUo qH$dm {VÀ`m‘Üò gm‘rc hmoUo, Á`m nXmMr H$m‘o H$m`©j‘VoZo nma nmS>cr OmÊ`m‘Üò OZVoMo {hV Amho Aem
H$moUË`mhr nXmH$aVm EImÚm {d{eï> C‘oXdmamÀ`m ~mOyZo ‘VXmZ H$aUo qH$dm àMma H$aUo `m~m~VrV ` Zo Ho$coë`m dV©Zmg§~§Yr
H$ Zo gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$gcohr ‘V ì`ŠV H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr hmoV Zmhr.
Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m H$m`©dmhrMr à{Vd¥Îmo àH$m{eV H$aUo. Mm¡Wm AndmX.-EImÚm Ý`m`mc`mÀ`m H$m`©dmhrMo qH$dm Aem
H$moUË`mhr H$m`©dmhrÀ`m {ZH$mcmMo ~ìh§er gË` Ago à{Vd¥Îm àH$m{eV H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
ñnï>rH$aU.- Ý`m`mc`mVrc g§narjoÀ`m nyduMr Aer Mm¡H$er H$aUmam OpñQ>g Am°’$ {X nrg qH$dm AÝ` A{YH$mar hm
darc H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma Ý`m`mc` AgVmo.
Ý`m`mc`mV {ZUuV Pmcoë`m IQ>ë`mMo JwUmdJwU qH$dm gmjrXmam§Mo Am{U BVa g§~§{YVm§Mo dV©Z.- nmMdm AndmX.-
Ý`m`mc`mZo Á`mMm {ZU©` Ho$cocm Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr {XdmUr qH$dm ’$m¡OXmar IQ>ë`mÀ`m JwUmdJwUm§À`m~m~V AWdm Aem
IQ>ë`mVrc njH$ma qH$dm gmjrXma qH$dm A{^H$Vm© åhUyZ H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrZo Ho$coë`m dV©Zm~m~V AWdm Aem dV©ZmVyZ
{OVnV Aem ì`ŠVrMo ì`pŠVËd {XgyZ òVo {VVnV--Ë`m ncrH$S>o ‘mÌ Zmhr--{VÀ`m ì`pŠVËdm~m~V gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$gcohr
‘V ì`ŠV H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' åhUVmo- ""Ë`m g§narjo‘Yrc "`' Mr gmj hr BVH$s Ag§JV Amho H$s, ‘cm dmQ>Vo "`' hm EH$Va ‘yI© qH$dm
Aàm‘m{UH$ Var Agcm nm{hOo.'' "H$' ho gX²^mdnyd©H$ ~moccm Agoc Va, Vmo `m AndmXmÀ`m H$joV Amho,H$maU
Ë`mZo ì`ŠV Ho$coco ‘V ho gmjrXma åhUyZ "`' Zo Ho$coë`m dV©Zm‘Üò {OVnV "`' Mo ì`pŠVËd {XgyZ òVo {VVnVM
Ë`mÀ`m ì`pŠVËdmer g§~§{YV Amho, Ë`m ncrH$S>o ‘mÌ Zmhr.
(b) nU Oa "H$' Ago åhUmcm H$s, Ë`m g§narjo‘Üò "`' Zo Oo ànmXZ Ho$co Ë`mda ‘mPm {dœmg Zmhr, H$maU ‘r Ë`mcm
AgË`dmXr ‘Zwî` åhUyZ AmoiIVmo. Va "H$' `m AndmXmÀ`m H$joV òV Zmhr. H$maU "`' À`m ì`pŠVËdm~m~V "H$'
Oo ‘V ì`ŠV H$aVmo Vo "`' Zo gmjrXma åhUyZ Ho$coë`m dV©Zmda AmYmacoco ‘V Zmhr.
ghmdm AndmX.-Omhra Am{dîH¥$VrMo JwUmdJwU. Or H$moUVrhr Am{dîH¥$Vr {VÀ`m H$Ë`m©Zo ‘yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r OZVonwT>o gmXa
Ho$cro Agoc {VÀ`m JwUdJwUm§~m~V qH$dm Aem Am{dîH¥$Vr‘Üò {OVnV H$Ë`m©Mo ì`pŠVËd {XgyZ òVo {VVnVM--Ë`m ncrH$S>o
‘mÌ Zmhr- Ë`mÀ`m ì`pŠVËdm~m~V gX²^mdnyd©H$ H$gcohr ‘V ì`ŠV H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
ñnï>rH$aU.- EImXr Am{dîH¥$Vr ‘yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r OZVonwT>o ñnï>nUo gmXa H$aVm òB©c qH$dm H$Ë`m©À`m Á`m H¥$Vt‘Üò
‘yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r OZVonwT>o Ago gmXa H$aUo ho Cnc{jV Amho Ë`m H¥$VtÀ`mÛmao gmXa H$aVm òB©c.
CXmhaUo
(a) Or ì`ŠVr EImXo nwñVH$ àH$m{eV H$aVo Vr Vo nwñVH$ ‘yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r OZVonwT>o gmXa H$aVo.
(b) Or ì`ŠVr EImXo Omhra ^mfU H$aVo Vr Vo ^mfU ‘yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r OZVonwT>o gmXa H$aVo.
(c) gmd©O{ZH$ ‘§Mmda òUmam A{^ZoVm qH$dm Jm`H$ Amncm A{^Z` qH$dm Jm`Z ‘yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r OZVonwT>o gmXa
H$aVmo.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 165
(d) "H$' hm "`' Zo àH$m{eV Ho$coë`m nwñVH$m~Ôc åhUVmo, "`' Mo nwñVH$ ‘yI©nUmMo Amho, "`' Zoîm ‘mUyg Agcm
nm{hOo. "`' Mo nwñVH$ Agä` Amho, "`' KmUoaS>çm ‘Zmod¥ÎmrMm ‘mUyg Agcm nm{hOo. Oa "H$' ho gX²^mdnyd©H$
~moccm Agoc Va Vmo AndmXmÀ`m H$joV Amho, H$maU "H$' hm "`' ~Ôc Oo ‘V ì`ŠV H$aVmo Vo "`' À`m
nwñVH$m‘Üò {OVnV "`' Mo ì`pŠVËd {XgyZ òVo {VVnVM Ë`mÀ`m ì`pŠVËdmg§~§Yr Amho-Ë`m ncrH$S>o ‘mÌ Zmhr.
(e) nU Oa "H$' Ago åhUmcm H$s, "`' Mo nwñVH$ ‘yI©nUmMo Am{U Agä` Amho `mMo ‘cm A{O~mV AmíM`© dmQ>co
Zmhr, H$maU Vmo Zoîm Am{U ñd¡amMmar ‘mUyg Amho, Va "H$' `m AndmXmÀ`m H$joV òV Zmhr, H$maU "H$' Zo "`'
À`m ì`pŠVËdm~Ôc ì`ŠV Ho$coco ‘V ho "`' À`m nwñVH$mda AmYmacoco ‘V Zmhr.
gmVdm AndmX.- Xwgè`mda H$m`Xoera hþHy$‘V Agcoë`m ì`ŠVrZo gX²^mdnyd©H$ {Z^©ËgZm H$aUo. - EImÚm ì`ŠVrMr
AÝ` ì`ŠVrda, H$m`ÚmZo àXmZ Ho$cocr qH$dm Ë`m ì`ŠVr~amo~a Ho$coë`m H$m`Xoera g§{dXoVyZ {Z‘m©U hmoUmar H$moUVrhr hþHy$‘V
AgVo Voìhm, {VZo Aer H$m`Xoera hþHy$‘V Á`m§À`mer g§~§{YV Amho Ë`m ~m~t‘Üò Ë`m AÝ` ì`ŠVrZo Ho$coë`m dV©Zm~m~V
gX²^mdnyd©H$ {Z^©Ëg©Zm H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
CXmhaU
gmjrXmamÀ`m qH$dm Ý`m`mc`rZ A{YH$mè`mÀ`m dV©Zm~m~V gX²^mdnyd©H$ {Z^©ËgZm H$aUmam Ý`m`mYre Amnë`m hþHy$‘mMo
Vm~oXma Agcoë`m§Mr gX²^mdnyd©H$ {Z^©ËgZm H$aUmam {d^mJ-à‘wI; BVa ‘wcm§À`m g‘j EImÚm ‘wcmMr gX²^mdnyd©H$ {Z^©Ëg©Zm
H$aUmar AmB©-dm-~mnmMr {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AmB©-dm-~mnmH$Sy>Z hþHy$‘V àmá Pmcocm emioVrc Omo {ejH$ gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ë`m
{dÚmÏ`m©Mr BVa {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m XoIV {Z^©ËgZm H$aVmo Vmo {ejH$; H$m‘MwH$manUm~Ôc gX²^mdnyd©H$ EImÚm ZmoH$amMr {Z^©Ëg©Zm
H$aUmam ‘mcH$; Amnë`m ~±Ho$À`m amoInmcmcm Ë`mZo Agm amoInmc åhUyZ Ho$coë`m dV©Zm~Ôc gX²^mdnyd©H$ {Z^©ËgZm H$aUmam
EImXm ~±H$a ho `m AndmXmÀ`m H$joV òVmV.
AmR>dm AndmX.- àm{YH¥$V ì`ŠVrH$S>o gX²^mdnyd©H$ Amamon gmXa H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVr{dê$Õ H$amd`mMm Amamon,
Ë`m AmamonmÀ`m {df`dñVw~m~V Ë`m ì`ŠVrda Á`m§Mr H$m`Xoera hþHy$‘V Agoc Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s H$moUmH$S>ohr gX²^mdnyd©H$ gmXa
H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
CXmhaU
Oa "H$' Zo gX²^mdnyd©H$ X§S>m{YH$mè`mg‘moa "¶' da Amamon Ho$cm; Oa "H$' Zo gX²^mdnyd©H$ "¶' `m ZmoH$amÀ`m dV©Zm~m~V
"¶' À`m ‘mcH$mH$S>o VH«$ma Ho$cr; Oa "H$'$ Zo gX²^mdnyd©H$ "¶' `m ‘wcmÀ`m dV©Zm~m~V "¶'À`m d{S>cm§H$S>o VH«$ma Ho$cr Va,
"H$'$ `m AndmXmÀ`m H$joV òVmo.
Zddm AndmX.- EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo ñdV:À`m qH$dm BVam§À`m {hVg§~§YmMo g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocm
Aä`mamon. -Xwgè`mÀ`m Mm[aÍ`mdarc Aä`mamon Oa Vmo H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m, qH$dm AÝ` H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVg§~§YmMo
g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm cmoH$H$ë`mUmgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ Ho$cocm Agoc Va, Agm Aä`mamon H$aUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$'$ hm XwH$mZXma Ë`mÀ`m Y§ÚmMr ì`dñWm nmhUmè`m "I' cm åhUVmo, "¶' Zo Vwcm amoI n¡go {Xë`m{edm` Vy
Ë`mcm H$mhrhr {dHy$ ZH$mog, H$maU Ë`mÀ`m àm‘m{UH$nUm{df`r ‘mPr ImÌr Zmhr. Oa "H$'Zo ñdV:À`m {hVg§~§Ym§Mo
g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r gX²^mdnyd©H$ "¶' da Aä`mamon Ho$cocm Agoc Va, "H$'$AndmXmÀ`m H$joV Amho.
(b) "H$'$hm X§S>m{YH$mar Amnë`m d[að> A{YH$mè`mH$S>o Ahdmc XoVmZm, "¶'À`m Mm[aÍ`mda Aä`mamon H$aVmo. `m~m~VrV
Oa Vmo Aä`mamon gX²^mdnyd©H$ Am{U cmoH$H$ë`mUmgmR>r Ho$cocm Agoc Va, "H$' AndmXmÀ`m H$joV Amho.
166 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
Xhmdm AndmX - EImÚm ì`ŠVrcm Ë`mMo {hV H$aÊ`mÀ`m qH$dm cmoH${hV gmY- Ê`mÀ`m CÔoemZo {dYmZ gyMZm
XoUo.-gX²^mdnyd©H$ EImÚm ì`ŠVrg Xwgè`mnmgyZ gmdY amhmÊ`m~Ôc Úmd`mMr gyMZm Á`m ì`ŠVrcm Vr Úmd`mMr {VÀ`m qH$dm
{OÀ`m‘Üò Vr {hVg§~§{YV Amho Aem EImÚm ì`ŠVrÀ`m {hVmgmR>r qH$dm cmoH${hVmgmR>r CÔo{eV Va, gX²^mdnyd©H$ Aer gyMZm
XoUo hr A~«yZwH$gmZr Zìho.
500. A~«yZwH$gmZr~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr Xwgè`mMr A~«yZwH$gmZr H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m
‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
501. A~«yZwH$gmZrH$maH$ Agë`mMo ‘mhrV Agcoco gm{hË` N>mnUo qH$dm H$moaUo.- Omo H$moUr EImXo gm{hË` H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrcm A~«yZwH$gmZrH$maH$ Amho ho ‘mhrV AgVmZm qH$dm Vgo g‘OÊ`mg g~i H$maU AgVmZm Ago gm{hË` N>mnrc qH$dm
H$moarc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
502. A~«yZwH$gmZrH$maH$ gm{hË` A§V^y©V Agcocm N>mnrc qH$dm H$moard nXmW© {dH$Uo. - A~«yZwH$gmZrH$maH$ gm{hË`
A§V^y©V Agcocm H$moUVmhr N>mnrc qH$dm H$moard nXmW©, Ë`mV Ago gm{hË` Amho ho ‘mhrV AgyZ Omo H$moUr Vmo {dHo$c qH$dm
{dH$V XoD$ H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr, gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm
hmoVrc.
àH$aU 22 do
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em H$aUo, An‘mZ H$aUo Am{U Ìmg XoUo `m§{df`r
503. ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em.- Oa H$moUr Xwgè`m ì`ŠVrcm {VMm Xoh, cm¡{H$H$ qH$dm ‘mc‘Îmm `m~m~V qH$dm
{OÀ`m‘Üò Vr ì`ŠVr {hVg§~§{YV Amho Aem H$moUmMmhr Xoh qH$dm cm¡{H$H$ `m~m~V jVr nmoMdÊ`mMr Y‘H$s {Xcr Am{U Ë`m‘mJo,
Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm ^`^rV H$aÊ`mMm AWdm Aer Y‘H$s A‘cmV òÊ`mMo Q>miÊ`mH$[aVm gmYZ åhUyZ, Vr ì`ŠVr Or H$moUVrhr
H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mV {d{YV: ~Õ Zmhr Vr H¥$Vr {VZo H$amdr qH$dm Vr ì`ŠVr Or H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: h¸$Xma Amho Vmo
H$aÊ`mMo {VZo MwH$dmdo Aer {Vcm gŠVr H$aÊ`mMm CÔoe Agoc Va, Ë`mZo ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em Ho$cm Ago hmoVo.
ñnï>rH$aU.-Y‘H$s {Xcr Jococr ì`ŠVr Á`m ‘¥V ì`ŠVr‘Üò {hVg§~§{YV Agoc {VÀ`m cm¡{H$H$mg jVr nmoMdÊ`mMr
Y‘H$s hr `m H$c‘mÀ`m H$joV Amho.
CXmhaU
{XdmUr Xmdm Mmcy R>odÊ`mnmgyZ "I' namd¥V ìhmdm `mgmR>r "H$'$ hm "I' Mo Ka OmiÊ`mMr Y‘H$s XoVmo. "H$'$ hm
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em Ho$ë`m~Ôc Xmofr Amho.
504. em§VVm^§J KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo An‘mZ H$aUo.- Oa H$moUr CÔoenyd©H$ An‘mZ H$ê$Z Ë`m`moJo H$moUË`mhr
ì`ŠVrcm àjmo{^V Ho$co Am{U Aem àjmo^Zm‘wio {VÀ`mH$Sy>Z gmd©O{ZH$ em§VVoMm ^§J ìhmdm qH$dm AÝ` H$moUVmhr AnamY
KS>mdm Agm Ë`m‘mJo Ë`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Vgo hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Agë`mMr Ë`mcm OmUrd Agoc Va, Ë`mcm XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV
Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 167
1
[505. gmd©O{ZH$ AmJirH$ hmoÊ`mg gmYH$ Aer {dYmZo.- 2[(1)]> Oa H$moUr EImXo {dYmZ, A’$dm qH$dm d¥Îm,
àH$aUnaËdo H$arc, à{gÕ H$arc qH$dm àg¥V H$arc Am{U Ë`m‘mJo,--
(a) 3[^maVmMr]> ^ygoZm, 4[Zm¡goZm qH$dm dm`wgoZm]> `mVrc H$moUVmhr A{YH$mar, ^yg¡{ZH$, 5[Zm¡g¡{ZH$ qH$dm dm`wg¡{ZH$]>
`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z ~§S> KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMm qH$dm Ë`m ZmË`mZo Ë`mMo Oo H$V©ì` Agoc Ë`mH$S>o Ë`mcm Xwc©j H$am`cm
cmdÊ`mMm qH$dm Ë`mV H$gya H$am`cm cmdÊ`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Vgo hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Agoc Va;
qH$dm
(b) Á`m‘wio EImXr ì`ŠVr Xoem{déÕ qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ àem§VVo{déÕ AnamY H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoB©c AemàH$mao
OZVo‘Üò AWdm OZVon¡H$s EImÚm ^mJm‘Üò ^rVr qH$dm ^`J«ñVVm {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio
Vgo hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Agoc Va; qH$dm
(c) EImÚm dJm©Vrc qH$dm g‘yhmVrc ì`ŠVtZm Xwgè`m H$moUË`mhr dJm©{déÕ qH$dm g‘yhm{déÕ H$moUVmhr AnamY
H$aÊ`mg {MWmdUr XoÊ`mMm CÔoe Agoc qH$dm Ë`m‘wio Ver {MWmdUr {Xcr OmÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Agoc Va,
Ë`mcm 6[VrZ dfmªn`ªV]> Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
7
[(2) dJm©dJmª‘Üò eÌ²wËd, Ûof^md qH$dm Xwï>mdm {Z‘m©U H$aUmar qH$dm dmT>dUmar {dYmZo. -Oa H$moUr A’$dm qH$dm
^`àX d¥Îm A§V^y©V Agcoco H$moUVohr {dYmZ qH$dm d¥Îm H$arc, à{gÕ H$arc qH$dm àg¥V H$arc Am{U Y‘©, d§e, OÝ‘ñWmZ,
{ZdmgñWmZ, ^mfm, OmV qH$dm g‘mO `m H$maUmdê$Z qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr H$maUmdê$Z {Za{Zamio Ym{‘©H$, dm§{eH$, ^m{fH$
qH$dm àmXo{eH$ JQ> qH$dm OmVr qH$dm g‘mO `m§À`m‘Üò eÌwËdmMr qH$dm ÛofmMr ^mdZm qH$dm Xw^m©dZm {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm
dmT>dÊ`mMm Ë`m‘mJo CÔoe Agoc AWdm Ë`m‘wio Aer eÌwËdmMr qH$dm ÛofmMr ^mdZm qH$dm Xwï>mdm {Z‘m©U hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Agoc
Ë`mcm, VrZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
(3) CnmgZm ñWmZ, BË`mXr {R>H$mUr Ho$coco nmoQ>H$c‘ (2)Imcrc AnamY.- Omo H$moUr, H$moUË`mhr CnmgZmñWmZr
AWdm Ym{‘©H$ CnmgZm qH$dm Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Jw§Vcoë`m H$moUË`mhr O‘mdm‘Üò nmoQ>-H$c‘ (2) ‘Üò {d{Z{X©ï>
H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY H$arc, Ë`mcm nmM dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c, d Vmo Ðì`X§S>mghr nmÌ
hmoB©c.]>
AndmX- Ooìhm H$moUVohr {dYmZ, A’$dm qH$dm d¥Îm H$aUmè`m, à{gÕ H$aUmè`m qH$dm àg¥V H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrcm Ago
{dYmZ, A’$dm qH$dm d¥Îm Iao Amho Ago ‘mZÊ`mg dmOdr AmYmaH$maUo AgVrc Am{U Vr ì`ŠVr Vo {dYmZ, A’$dm qH$dm d¥Îm
8
[gX²^mdnyd©H$ Am{U nydm©oŠV Agm H$moUVmhr CÔoe ZgVmZm ]> H$arc, à{gÕ H$arc qH$dm àg¥V H$arc Voìhm, Vo H¥$Ë` `m
H$c‘mÀ`m AWm©Zwgma AnamY `m gXamV O‘m hmoUma Zmhr.
1. 1898 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 4-H$c‘ 6 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr ho H$c‘ XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho.
2. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 35-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘ 505 `mcm Ë`m H$c‘mMo nmoQ>H$c‘ (1) Agm ZdrZ H«$‘m§H$ XoÊ`mV Amcm.
3. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ""ha ‘°OoñQ>rÀ`m qH$dm Bånrar`c gpìh©g Q¯>ßg‘Yrc'' `m ‘OHw$amEodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV
Amcm. ""‘°OoñQ>rÀ`m'' `m eãXmZ§Va Agcocm ""qH$dm am°`c B§{S>`Z ‘arZ‘Yrc'' hm ‘OHy$a 1934 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 35-H$c‘ 2 ~
AZwgyMr `mÛmao dJiÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm.
4. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10, H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""Zm¡goZm'' `m eãXmEodOr ho eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
5. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10, H$c‘ 2 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""qH$dm Zm¡g¡{ZH$'' `m eãXm§EodOr ho eãX XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco.
6. 1961 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 41, H$c‘ 4 Ûmao ""XmoZ df}'' `m EodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
7. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 35, H$c‘ 3 Ûmao nmoQ>H$c‘o (2) d (3) g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcr.
8. 1969 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 35, H$c‘-3 Ûmao hm ‘OHy$a g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
168 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
506. ’$m¡oOXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em~Ôc {ejm.- Omo H$moUr ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>emMm AnamY H$arc Ë`mcm, XmoZ
dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc;
‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUUoMr Y‘H$s Agë`mg.- Am{U Oa ‘¥Ë`y qH$dm O~a XwImnV KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr,
AWdm AmJ cmdyZ H$moUVrhr ‘mc‘Îmm Zï> H$aÊ`mMr AWdm ‘¥Ë`yÀ`m qH$dm 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]>, qH$dm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy
eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcocm AnamY KS>dÊ`mMr, AWdm H$moUË`mhr órda ì`m{^MmarnUmMm
Aä`mamon H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s Agoc Va, Ë`mcm gmV dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr
507. {ZZmdr g§XoemÛmao ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>em.- Omo H$moUr {ZZmdr g§XoemÛmao qH$dm H$moUr Y‘H$s {Xcocr Amho Ë`m
ì`ŠVrMo Zmd qH$dm dmñVì`ñWi cn{dÊ`mMr I~aXmar KoD$Z ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ YmH$XnQ>emMm AnamY H$arc Ë`mcm, Ë`m
AnamYmgmR>r cJVnyd© H$c‘mÝdò Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m {ejoÀ`m OmoS>rcm, XmoZ dfm©ªn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar
EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr {ejm hmoB©c.
508. EImXr ì`ŠVr X¡dr àH$monmMm {df` hmoB©c Agm {VMm g‘O H$ê$Z XoD$Z KS>dcocr H¥$Vr.- Oa H$moUr EImÚm
ì`ŠVrcm Or Jmoï> H$amd`mg cmdUo ho Ë`m AnamÜ`mMo C{Ôï> Amho Vr {VZo Ho$cr Zmhr Va qH$dm {Vcm Or Jmoï> H$aÊ`mMo
Q>mimd`mg cmdUo ho AnamÜ`mMo C{Ôï> Amho Vr {VZo Ho$cr Va Vr ì`ŠVr qH$dm {OÀ`m‘Üò Vr {hVg§~§{YV Amho Aer H$moUVrhr
ì`ŠVr X¡dr àH$monmMm {df` hmoB©c qH$dm AnamÜ`mÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H¥$Vr‘wio Ho$cr OmB©c Agm Ë`m ì`ŠVrMm g‘O XoD$Z qH$dm
H$éZ XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ë`m ì`ŠVrcm Or H$moUVrhr Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg Vr {d{YV: ~Õ Zmhr Vr H$aÊ`mg qH$dm Or H$moUVrhr Jmoï>
H$aÊ`mg Vr {d{YV: h¸$Xma Amho Vr H$aÊ`mMo Q>miÊ`mg BÀN>mnyd©H$ ^mJ nmS>co qH$dm ^mJ nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Va, Ë`mcm
EH$ dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' hm "¶' À`m Xmamer Aem CÔoemZo YaUo Yê$Z ~gVmo H$s, Aem ~gÊ`mZo Vmo "¶' cm X¡dr àH$monmMm {df`
~Zdrc Agm g‘O ìhmdm. "H$'$Zo `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
(b) "H$'$ hm "¶' cm Y‘H$s XoVmo H$s, Oa "¶'Zo EImXr {d{eï> H¥$Vr Ho$cr Zmhr Va, "H$' ñdV:À`m ‘wcm§n¡H$s EImÚm
‘wcmMr Aem n[apñWVrV hË`m H$arc H$s, Ë`m hËò‘wio "¶' hm X¡dr àH$monmMm {df` ~Zoc Agm g‘O {Z‘m©U
hmoB©c, "H$'$ Zo `m H$c‘m‘Üò ì`m»`m H$aÊ`mV Amcocm AnamY Ho$cm Amho.
509. órMm {dZ`^§J H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo eãXmoƒma, hmd^md qH$dm H¥$Vr H$aUo.- H$moUË`mhr órMm {dZ`^§J
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Omo H$moUr, EImXm eãX qH$dm AmdmO Aem órÀ`m H$mZmda nS>mdm AWdm EImXm hmd^md qH$dm dñVy {VÀ`m ZOaocm
nS>mdr `m CÔoemZo Agm eãX Cƒmarc, Agm AmdmO qH$dm hmd^md H$arc qH$dm Aer dñVy àX{e©V H$arc, AJa Aem órÀ`m
EH$m§VnUmMm ^§J H$arc Ë`mcm, *[3 dfm©n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË`mVar EH$m dU©ZmÀ`m H$mamdmgmMr, Am{U
Ðì`X§S>mMr.]>
510. ZemnmUr Ho$coë`m ì`ŠVrZo gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr Ho$coco J¡adV©Z.- Omo H$moUr ZeoÀ`m AdñWoV H$moUË`mhr
gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr qH$dm Ë`mZo OoWo àdoe H$aUo ho A{VH«$‘U Amho Aem H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUr dmdaoc Am{U H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg
Ìmg hmoB©c Aem VèhoZo VoWo dV©Z H$arc Ë`mcm, Mmodrg Vmgmn`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m ‘wXVrÀ`m gmÜ`m H$mamdmgmMr, qH$dm Xhm
én`m§n`ªV Agy eHo$c BVŠ`m Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26-H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao ""H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar,
2. gZ 2013 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ H«$.13 H$b‘ 10 AÝd¶o ""1 dfm©n¶ªV Agy eHo$b BV³¶m ‘wXVrMr H$moUË¶m Var EH$m dU©ZmÀ¶m H$mamdmgmMr,
qH$dm Ðì¶X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrb'' ¶m ‘OHw$amEodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIb H$aÊ¶mV Ambm.
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 169
àH$aU 23 do
AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm§{df`r
511. AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m qH$dm AÝ` H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agcoco AnamY H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$ë`m~Ôc
{ejm.- Omo H$moUr, `m g§{hVoAÝdò 1[AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m]>, qH$dm H$mamdmgmÀ`m {ejog nmÌ Agm AnamY H$aÊ`mMm qH$dm
Agm AnamY Ho$cm Omdm Agm à`ËZ H$arc Am{U Aem à`ËZmV AgVmZm Vmo AnamY H$aÊ`mÀ`m {XeoZo H$moUVrhr H¥$Vr H$arc
Ë`mcm, Aem à`ËZm~ÔcÀ`m {ejogmR>r `m g§{hVoÛmao H$moUVmhr ñnï> Cn~§Y H$aÊ`mV Amcocm Zgoc Ë`m~m~VrV 2[AnamYmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$coë`m H$moUË`mhr dU©ZmÀ`m AmOrd H$mamdmgmÀ`m {Zåå`mBVŠ`m qH$dm àH$aUnaËdo, ór AnamYmgmR>r Cn~§{YV
Ho$coë`m H$mamdmgmÀ`m XrK©V‘ ‘wXVrÀ`m {Zåå`mBVŠ`m ‘wXVrMm Agy eHo$c Aem H$mamdmgmMr]>, qH$dm Ë`m AnamYmgmR>r
Cn~§{YV Ho$cocm Agoc Aem Ðì`X§S>mMr, qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm hmoVrc.
CXmhaUo
(a) "H$' EH$ noQ>r ’$moSy>Z H$mhr aËZo MmoaÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo, Am{U Aem arVrZo noQ>r ’$moS>ë`mZ§Va AmV H$moUVohr aËZ
Zgë`mMo Ë`mcm AmT>iyZ òVo. Ë`mZo Mmoar H$aÊ`mÀ`m {XeoZo Aer H¥$Vr Ho$cocr Amho Am{U åhUyZ Vmo `m
H$c‘mImcr Xmofr Amho.
(b) "H$'$ hm "¶' À`m pIemV Amncm hmV IwngyZ "¶' Mm pIgm H$mnÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo, "¶' À`m pIemV H$mhrhr
Zgë`m‘wio "H$'$Mm à`ËZ ’$gVmo. "H$'$ `m H$c‘mImcr Xmofr Amho.
1. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26, H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao ""H$mio nmUr'' `mEodOr hm eãXmo„oI XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar,
2. 1955 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 26, H$c‘ 117 d AZwgyMr `mÛmao {dd{jV ‘yi eãXm§EodOr hm ‘OHy$a XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amcm (1 OmZodmar,
170 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
The Indian Penal Code, 1860
‘amR>r-B§J«Or eãXgyMr
A{YH¥$V ñWmZ official position [ H$ 376 (2) (c) ]
A{Y‘yë`mZo at a premium [ H$ 165-CXm. (b) ]
AZwH¥$Vr Imitation [ H$ 263 H$ (3) ]
AZwZ` H$aUo solicit [ H$ 164-CXm. ]
AZwemgZmMm A^md want of discipline [ H$ 137 ]
AZ¡g{J©H$ AnamY unnatural offence [ H$ 377-g.Q>r. ]
A§Ë`g§ñH$ma funeral ceremony [ H$ 297 ]
AS>Ë`m factor [ H$ 409 ]
AnH$ma disservice [ H$ 161 ]
AnH¥$Ë`H$Vm© wrongdoer [ H$ 103 ]
AnËÒÝ‘mMr cndUyH$ concealment of birth [ H$ 318 ]
AnÏ`H$maH$ nXmW© unwholsome drug [ H$ 328 ]
AnZ`Z kidnapping [ H$ 359-g.Q>r.]
AnàoaUm XoUo abetment [ àH$aU 5 do erf©H$ ]
AnamY offence [ H$ 39-g.Q>r. ]
AnamY gm¡å` H$aUo mitigate the offence [ H$ 352-ñnï>rH$aU ]
AnamÜ`m§Zm Ý`m`mg‘moa AmUUo bring offenders to justice [ H$ 21-AmR>do ]
An[an¹$ g‘OeŠVr immature understanding [ H$ 83-g.Q>r. ]
And{O©V H$aUo exclude [ H$ 443 ]
An{dÌ H$aUo defile [ H$ 295 ]
(-Mm) Anì`mnma H$aUo traffic in [ H$ 489-B ]
AnhaU abduction [ H$ 362-g.Q>r. ]
AnhmZr harm [ H$ 81 ]
Anm`H$maH$ 1. deleterious [ H$ 324 ]
2. noxious [ H$ 272 ]
Anm` KS>dyZ AmUUo produce harm [ H$ 188-ñnï>rH$aU ]
Aà{Vð>m H$aUo offer indignity [ H$ 297]
Aàm‘m{UH$ Anhma dishonest misappropriation [ H$ 403-g.Q>r. ]
Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo dishonestly [ H$ 24-g.Q>r. ]
AàrVrMr ^mdZm MoV{dUo excite disaffection [ H$ 124-A)$ ]
Aàr{V^mdZm disaffection [ H$ 124-A-ñnï>rH$aU 1]
A~«yZwH$gmZH$maH$ defamatory [ H$ 501 ]
A~«yZwH$gmZr defamation [ H$ 499-g.Q>r. ]
A{^H$Vm© agent [ H$ 409 ]
A{^J«hU seizure [ H$ 464-CXm. (d) ]
A{^YmZ denomination [ H$ 255 ]
A{^{ZU©`mMr H$m`} adjudicatory functions [ H$c‘ 21 {Vgao ]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 171
A{âjm 1. charge [ H$ 157 ]
2. custody [ H$ 436]
A{^coI qH$dm H$m`©dmhr record of proceeding [ H$ 466 ]
A{^g§Ho$VnÌ engagement [ H$ 489-A$-ñnï>rH$aU ]
A{^hñVm§VaU conveyance [ H$ 464-VrZ CXm. (b) ]
Aä`mamon imputation [ H$ 499 ]
A‘yV© h¸$ incorporeal right [ H$ 141-MdWo ]
A^©H$m§Zm CKS>çmda Q>mH$Uo exposure of infants [ H$ 311]
AdH¥$nm disfavour [ H$ 161]
Ad‘yë`mZo at a discount [ H$ 165-CXm. ]
Ad¡Y illegal [ H$ 42-g.Q>r.]
Ad¡YnUo n¡go XoUo illegal payments [ H$ 171-H-g.Q>r.]
Ad¡YnUo gmoS>dUo rescue [ H$ 130 ]
Ag§JV contrdictory [H$ 499-nmMdm AndmX
CXm. (a) ]
AgË`dmXr ‘Zwî` man without veracity [H$ 499-nmMdm AndmX
CXm.(b)]
AmJ cmdyZ AmJirH$ H$aUo mischief by fire [ H$ 103]
AmXo{eHo$Mr A§‘c~OmdUr H$aUo execute a process [ H$ 187]
Amnë`m Cn`moJmgmR>r ñdV:Mr åhUyZ convert to one's own use [ H$ 403]
dmnaUo
Amnë`m nXm{YH$mamÀ`m Am^mgm‘wio under the colour of one's office [ H$ 99]
Am`moJr commissioner [ H$ 21-MdWo ]
Amamon accusation [ H$ 388]
AmdmhZ appeal [ H$ 292 (1)]
Am{dîH¥$VrVrc JwUmdJwU merits of performance [H$ 499-ghmdm AndmX]
Amdoï>Z pacakge [ H$ 486]
Amgam XoUo harbour [ H$ 52-A-g.Q>r.]
BÀN>mnyd©H$ voluntarily [ H$ 39-g.Q>r.]
BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV H$aUo voluntarily causing hurt [ H$ 321-g.Q>r.]
CÝ‘mXdm`y Pmcocr ì`ŠVr delirious person [ H$ 305]
CnH$ma service [ H$ 161]
C‘oXdma candidate [ H$ 171-A$ ]
EH${dMma hmoUo concert [H$ 107-ñnï>rH$aU 5]
EH$m§VnUmMm ^§J H$aUo intrude upon the privacy [ H$ 509]
EH$monm harmony [ H$ 153-A (1)(b)]
AmoiI{MÝh token [ H$ 140]
Am¡fYr` {gÕ nXmW© medical preparation [ H$ 274]
Am¡fYmonMmamMo à`moOZ medicinal purpose [ H$ 274]
H$‚mm cause [ H$ 21-ghmdo]
H$nQ>rnUmZo fraudulently [ H$ 25-g.Q>r.]
172 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ legally bound to do [ H$ 43-g.Q>r.]
H$am‘Vr H$ê$Z XmIdUo performing tricks [ H$ 363 (4) (a)]
H$V©ì`mnmgyZ {dM{cV H$aUo seduce from duty [ H$ 131]
H$‘©Mmar amÁ` {d‘m {ZYr Employee's State Insurance Fund [ H$ 405-ñnï>r.2]
H$‘©Mmè`mMo A§eXmZ employees contribution [ H$ 405-ñnï>r.1]
H$pënV ì`ŠVr fictitious person [ H$ 464-ñnï>r.2]
H$mT>Vm nm` KoUo effect retreat [ H$ 105]
H$m‘wH$ lascivious [ H$ 292 (1)]
H$m`Xoera A{âjm lawful custody [ H$ 361-ñnï>r.]
H$m`XoeranUo Zo‘cocr ì`ŠVr person lawfully employed> [ H$ 188]
H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ out of the keeping of the lawful [ H$ 361]
AnZ¶Z guardian
H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ AnZ`Z kidnapping from lawful guardianship [H$ 361-g.Q>r. ]
H$aUo
H$m`Xoera g~~ lawful excuse [ H$ 263-A (1)(b)]
H$mio nmUr transportation [ H$ 53-A$ (4) ]
Hw$Qw>§~doVZ {ZYr Family Pension Fund> [ H$ 405-ñnï>r. 1]
H¥$Vr qH$dm Ad¡Y AH¥$Vr act or illegal omission [ H$ 107]
H¥$nm favour [ H$ 161 ]
H¥$nm H$aUo show a favour [ H$ 109-CXm. (a)]
{H«$`m operation [ H$ 246]
H«y$anUo qH$dm AdmOdr arVrZo dmJUo act in a cruel or unusual manner [ H$ 300-AndmX 4]
I~a information [ H$ 21-AmR>]
(åhUyZ) InyZ OmUo pass (as) [ H$ 248-g.Q>r.]
ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ right of private defence [ H$ 96 Vo 106-erf©H$]
IyZ murder [ H$ 300-g.Q>r.]
IyZ `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umam gXmof culpable homicide not amouning [ H$ 304-g.Q>r.]
‘Zwî`dY to murder
ImoH$m case [ H$ 486]
ImoQ>m XñVEodO ~ZdUo make a false document [ H$ 464]
ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ fictitious stamp [ H$ 263-A$-g.Q>r.]
ImoQ>m V`ma H$aUo falsify [ H$ 477-A$ ]
ImoQ>r gmj perjury [ H$ 165-CXm.(c)]
ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd {MÝh false property mark [ H$ 482]
J§S>dUo defraud [ H$ 464-CXm. (a)]
JVr motion [ H$ 349]
J{V~Xc ‹change of motion [ H$ 349]
J{V{dam‘ cessation of motion [ H$ 349]
J^©òmd miscarriage [ H$ 312]
JdofH$ finder [ H$ 403-ñnï>r.2]
JmdmMm nhmaoH$ar village watchman [ H$ 177-CXm. (b)]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 173
JwÝhoJmar CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd 1. Guilty intention or knowledge [H$ 108-ñnï>r. 3]
2. Criminal intention or knowledge [ H$ 80]
JwÝhoJmar ñdê$nmMr H¥$Vr criminal act [ H$ 34]
J¥h-A{VH«$‘U house trespass [ H$ 442-g.Q>r.]
J¡a {ZamoY wrongul restraint [ H$ 440]
J¡anUo wrongfully [ H$ 368]
J¡a n[aamoY wrongful confinement [ H$ 340]
J¡a cm^ wrongful gain [ H$ 23-g.Q>r.]
J¡admOdr à^md undue influence [ H$ 171-C-g.Q>r.]
J¡a hmZr wrongful loss [ H$ 23-g.Q>r.]
Ka’$moS>r house breaking [ H$ 445]
KmVH$ hË`ma dangerous weapon [ H$ 324-g.Q>r.]
KmVH$snUmZo malignantly [ H$ 270]
K¥UmñnX AdñWm loathsome state [ H$ 499-ñnï>r-4]
KmoS>çmÀ`m Mm~H$mZo ‘maUo horsewhip [H$ 300 Xwgam AndmX-
CXm.]
(ZmUo) MmcdUmam utterer [ H$ 241-CXm.]
{MWmdUr XoUo instigate [ H$ 107 ]
MmoaQ>o J¥h A{VH«$‘U lurking house-trespass [ H$ 443]
Mmoar theft [ H$ 443]
MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm stolen property [ H$ 410-g.Q>r.]
MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maUo receiving of stolen property [ H$ 410 Vo 414-erf©H$]
N>mnrc qH$dm H$moard nXmW© printed or engraved substance [ H$ 502]
O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm movable property [ H$ 22-g.Q>r.]
OÝ‘R>on H¡$Xr life convict [ H$ 303-g.Q>r.]
OÝ‘R>on H$mio nmUr transportation for life [ H$ 53-A(1)]
O~a XwImnV grievous hurt [ H$ 320-g.Q>r.]
O~ar Mmoar robbery [ H$ 390-g.Q>r.]
O~arZo KoUo extort [ H$ 327]
O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Uo constrain [ H$ 327]
OmVrZo hOa amhUo attend in person [ H$ 172]
Om`XmX Property [ H$ 464-CXm.(e)]
Omhra Am{dîH¥$Vr Publice performance [H$ 499-ghmdm AndmX.]
Or{dV life [ H$ 45-g.Q>r.]
Á`yar-gXñ` juryman [ H$ 21 nmMdm]
ÁdmcmJ«mhr nXmW© combustible matter [ H$ 285]
Q>nmchercmMm Xa rate of postage [ H$ 263-A$ (4)]
(OhmO) Q>mHy$Z XoUo cast away (a ship) [ H$ 425-CXm. (f)]
Q>moir{Zer ~cmËH$ma gang rape [ H$ 376 (2)(g)]
R>H$dUyH$ cheating [ H$ 468-g.Q>r.]
R>J thug [ H$ 310]
174 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
R>gdcoco impressed upon [ H$ 486]
R>gm C‘Q>dÊ`mMo gmYZ instrument for making an impression [ H$ 472]
VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^yc mistake of fact [ H$ 76]
VÏ`{df`H$ àíZ question of fact [ H$ 300-AndmX EH$]
(AnamYmMm) Vcmg cmJUo detection (of offence) [ H$ 330]
Vm~mYmaH$ Occupier [ H$ 154-g.Q>r.]
VmËH$mc ‘¥Ë`y instant death [ H$ 105]
VoT> disharmony [ H$ 153-A$ (1)(a)]
X§Jc affray [ H$ 159-g.Q>r.]
X’$ZmMr OmJm place of sepulture [ H$ 297]
XaImñV H$m`©dmhr execution [ H$.425-CXm. (d)]
XadS>m decoity [ H$ 391-g.Q>r.]
Xcmc broker [ H$ 409]
XñVEodO document [ H$ 29]
Xm§nË`^mdZo ghdmg cohabitation [ H$ 493-g.Q>r.]
Xm§nË`dV² g§~§Y quasi marital relation [ H$ 372-ñnï>r. 2]
{XdmiImoar insolvency [ H$ 464-CXm. (e)]
{Xem^yc H$aUo deceive [ H$ 415]
XwImnV hurt [ H$ 319-g.Q>r.]
Xwï> CÔoe malicious intention [ H$ 295-A$ ]
Xwï>mdm ill-will [ H$ 153-A (1)(a)]
XwñVa impassable [ H$ 431]
Xy{fV H$aUo qH$dm KmU H$aUo corrupt or foul [ H$ 277]
Ñí` à{Vê$nU visible representation [ H$ 499]
Xo` a¸$‘ demand [ H$ 422]
X¡dr àH$monmMm {df` object of Divine displeasure [ H$ 508]
YmaUH$Ë`m©cm àXo` payable to bearer [ H$ 464-CXm. (c)]
Ym{‘©H$ O‘md religious assembly [ H$ 296-g.Q>r.]
Ym{‘©H$ ^mdZm§da AË`mMma H$aUo outagin the religious feeling> [ H$ 295-A]
Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma religious ceremony [ H$ 296]
Ym{‘©Ho$Va gm‘m{`H$ à`moOZo secular common purposes [ H$ 21-Xhmdo]
ZH$crH$aU counterfeiting [ H$ 28-ñnï>r. 1]
ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo counterfeit [ H$ 28-g.Q>r.]
Zem intoxication [ H$ 85]
ZeoMr AdñWm state of intoxication [ H$ 305]
Zha channel [ H$ 431]
ZmUoH$ma ‹coiner [ H$ 241-CXm.]
Zmng§Vr disapprobation [ H$ 124-A$-ñnï>r. 2]
Ý`m`{ZU©`mg H$~wcr XoUo confess judgment [ H$ 466]
Zmì` navigable [ H$ 431]
{ZKyZ OmUo depart [ H$ 174]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 175
{ZZmdr g§Xoe anonymous communications [ H$ 507]
{ZËè: ì`dhma H$aUo habitual dealing in [ H$ 371-g.Q>r.]
(-‘Üò) {Z~Õ concerned (in) [ H$ 165]
{ZamJgnUo innocently [ H$ 486]
{ZO©Z {R>H$mU desert place [ H$ 307-CXm. (b)]
{Z~w©Õ idiot [ H$ 305]
{Z^©ËgZm censure [ H$ 499-gmVdm
AndmX-g.Q>r.]
{Z^}i unadulterated [ H$ 275]
{ZU©`~wÕr judgement [ H$ 85-g.Q>r.]
{ZUm©`H$ Ý`m`{ZU©` definitive judgement [ H$ 19]
{ZdS> selection [ H$ 21 ñnï>r. 3]
{ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$ election right [ H$ 171-A$-(b)]
{ZgJ©H«$‘m{déÕ c¢{JH$ dmgZmnyVu H$aUo gratify unnatural lust [ H$ 100]
{ZgVmanÌ acquittance [ H$ 467]
{ZjonñWmZ depository [ H$ 297]
Zr{V^«ï> H$aUo d {~KS>dUo deprave and corrupt [ H$ 292 (1)]
Zoh‘rMo ì`dgm` ordinary pursuits [ H$ 320-AmR>dr]
Z¡{VH$ {§H§$dm ~m¡{ÕH$ ì`pŠVËdmcm lower the moral or intellectual [ H$ 499-ñnï>r. 4]
CUonUm AmUUo character
Zm|XnÌ register (of birth) [ H$ 466]
Zm|XnwñVH$ register [ H$ 466]
Zm¡H$m{YnVr master (of vessel) [ H$ 137 ]
Zm¡VmaU bottomry [ H$. 425- (f)]
Ý`m`ghm`H$ assessor [ H$ 21-nmMdo]
Ý`m`mc` Court of Justice [ H$ 20]
nVnÌ letter of credit [ H$ 464-CXm. (a)]
nX situation [ H$ 161-CXm. (a)]
nXm{YH$mè`mÀ`m {‘fmZo under colour of office [ H$ 170]
nXr` H$m`© official act [ H$ 161]
nXr` H$m`m©{YH$ma official function [ H$ 161]
naH«$m{‘V H$aUo negotiate [ H$ 464-CXm. (b)]
n[aVmofU gratification [ H$ 161]
n[admhH$ carrier [ H$ 407]
ncm{`V deserter [ H$ 136-g.Q>r.]
nidyZ ZoUo make away with [ H$ 414]
nmR> åhUUo recite [ H$ 294(b) ]
nmÌ receptacle [ H$ 486]
n¡amocda ‘wŠV at large on parole [ H$ 130-ñnï>r.]
nw§ñËdhaU emasculation [ H$ 320-n{hcr]
nyd©H$ënZm H$aUo contemplate [ H$ 188-ñnï>r.]
176 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
nyd©{Z`mo{OV ZgVmZm without premediation [ H$ 300-AndmX 4]
nyd©g§H$pënV ~oV premediated design [ H$ 300-CXm. (d)]
n¥WH$dmgmMm {Z`‘ quarantine rule [ H$ 271-g.Q>r.]
n¥ð>m§{H$V H$aUo endorse [ H$ 464-CXm. (c)]
nmoIaUo scoop out [ H$ 246-ñnï>r.]
àOmjmo^Z sedition [ H$ 124-A$]
à{V’$c consideration [ H$ 165]
à{Vê$n facsimile [ H$ 263-A$ (3)]
à{Vê$nU representation [ H$ 263-A$ (3)]
à{V{gÕ ‘rR> contraband salt [ H$ 182-CXm. (b)]
àXe©Zr` dñVy exhibit [ H$ 363-A$ (4)
ànmXZ H$aUo assert [ H$ 499-nmMdm AndmX
CXm. (b)]
àcmo^Z motive [ H$ 161 (3)]
àjmo^H$maU provocation [ H$ 300-AndmX]
àjmo^Z provocation [ H$ 153]
àmUKmVH$ hË`ma deadly weapon [ H$ 144]
àmUr animal [ H$ 47-g.Q>r.]
àmnH$ receiver [ H$ 21-MdWo]
’$amar hmoUo abscond [ H$ 172]
’$gdUwH$sMo Cnm` deceitful means [ H$ 362]
’$moSy>Z CKS>Uo break open [ H$ 461]
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U criminal tresspass [ H$ 97]
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Anhma criminal misappropriation [ H$ 403-g.Q>r.]
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q> criminal conspiracy [ àH$aU 5-A$ erf©H$]
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J criminal breach of trust [ H$ 405-g.Q>r.]
’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ ‹criminal force [ H$ 350-g.Q>r.]
(h¸$) ~OmdUo enforce (a right) [ H$ 141-MdWo]
~§S> mutiny [ H$ 131]
~VmdUr H$aUo personate [ H$ 170-g.Q>r.]
~§X nmÌ close receptacle [ H$ 461]
~ZmdQ> XñVEodO forged document [ H$. 470-g.Q>r.]
~ZmdQ>rH$aU forgery [ H$. 463-g.Q>r.]
~cà`moJ force [ H$. 349-g.Q>r.]
~cmËH$ma rape [ H$. 375-g.Q>r.]
~cmX²J«hU extortion [ H$. 383-g.Q>r.]
~hmUm H$aUo pretend [ H$. 170]
~ìh§er substantially [H$. 499-Mm¡Wm AndmX]
~{jgro reward [ H$. 161]
~w{Õnwañga AndoXZ wilful misrepresentation [ H$. 107]
~oH$m`Xoera O‘md aunlawful assembly [ H$. 141]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 177
~oNy>Q>nUo wantonly [ H$. 153-g.Q>r.]
(AnamY H$aÊ`mMm) ~oV design (to commit offence) [ H$. 118]
~oXaH$ma qH$dm h`J`rMr H¥$Vr rash or negligent act [ H$. 304-A]
~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo rashly or negligently [ H$. 286]
~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh device of mark [ H$. 475-g.Q>r.]
~mo`m buoy [ H$. 433]
~mocr XoUo bid [ H$. 169]
(H$m`ÚmMm) ^§J infraction (of law) [ H$. 21-Zddo]
^`§H$a YmoŠ`mMr imminently dangerous [ H$. 300-Mma]
^`àX d¥Îm alarming news [ H$. 505 (2)]
^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVr insane person [ H$. 305]
^{dî` {ZYr Providend Fund [ H$. 405-ñnï>r. 1]
^mS>çmZo XoUo let for hire [ H$. 372]
^maVmVyZ AnZ`Z H$aUo kidnapping from India [ H$. 360-g.Q>r.]
^rfU amoJ grievous disease [ H$. 89-na§VwH$]
^wai nmS>Uo entice [ H$. 498]
^y‘rer g§c¾ attached to the earth [ H$. 378-ñnï>r. 1]
^moJdQ>m occupation [ H$. 157]
^«{‘ï> insane [ H$. 89-g.Q>r.]
‘Ocr Oc`mZ decked vessel [ H$. 437]
‘Zmo{dH$c ì`ŠVr person of unsound mind [ H$. 84-g.Q>r.]
‘mUgm§Mo dg{VñWmZ human dwelling [ H$. 436]
‘m§S>Ur H$aUo frame [ H$. 167-g.Q>r.]
‘mZdr h¸$ supposed right [ H$. 141-MdWo]
‘mam‘mar fight [ H$. 300-AndmX 4]
‘mJm©{YH$ma right of way [ H$. 141-MdWo]
‘mcY¸$mdmcm wharfinger [ H$. 407]
‘m{hVr information [ H$. 176]
(ZmÊ`mMo) {‘lU composition (of coin) [ H$. 246]
‘wIË`ma attorney [ H$. 409]
‘wI Ðì` substance [ H$. 475]
‘wÐmnÅ> plate [ H$. 485]
‘wco Mmoê$Z ZoUo child-stealing [ H$. 310]
‘yÀN>m©H$maH$ stupefying [ H$. 328]
‘yë`dmZ² ‘mc‘Îmm valuable property [ H$. 378-CXm. (o)]
‘yë`dmZ² amoIm valuable security [ H$. 383]
‘yë`dmZ dñVy valuable thing [ H$. 165-g.Q>r.]
‘yë`m§H$Z judgement (of public) [H$. 499-ghmdm AndmX]
‘¥Ë`y death [ H$. 46-g.Q>r.]
‘ohZVmZm pay [ H$. 163-CXm.]
‘mohmoa seal [ H$. 472]
^mX§g-12
178 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
‘mohmoa cmdUo affix a seal [ H$. 464-CXm. (b)]
`mMZm H$aUo solicit [ H$. 363-A$ (4) (c)$)]
`ma paramour [ H$. 378-CXm. (o)]
`wÕ H$aUo wage war [ H$. 121-g.Q>r.]
`wÕH¡$Xr prisoner of war [ H$. 128]
òUo a¸$‘ qH$dm h¸$ ‘mJUr gmoSy>Z XoUo release a demand or claim [ H$. 424]
ajU^ma charge [ H$. 89]
amÁ`H¡$Xr 1. State prisoner [ H$. 128]
2. prisoner of State [ H$. 128-g.Q>r.]
amÁ`gÎmm State [ H$. 489-A$-ñnï>r.]
amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r house breaking by night [ H$. 446]
amÌrÀ`m doir Mmoa]o J¥h A{VH«$‘U lurking house-trespass by night [ H$. 444]
ê$n appearance [ H$. 249]
cmMcwMnV bribery [ H$. 171-B-g.Q>r.]
cm{OadmUr disgraceful [ H$. 499-ñnï>r. 4]
(YZmXoe) cm§~dUo pick up (a cheque) [ H$. 464-CXm. (c)]
cmdUr/nmodmS>m ballad [ H$. 294]
cyQ>‘ma depredation [ H$. 126-g.Q>r.]
c¢{JH$ AnamY sexual offences [ H$. 375 Vo 376-E]
erf©H$]
cmoH$YmoaU Omhra H$aUo declaration of public policy [ H$. 171-B (1)
(XmoZ)-na§VwH$]
cmoH$ àm{YH$mar public authority [ H$. 99]
cmoH$godH$ public servant [ H$. 21]
cmoH${hV public good [ H$. 499-n{hcm]
AndmX]
cmoH$mon`moJr H$madmB© public action [ H$. 171-B-(1)]
(XmoZ) na§VwH$]
cm°Q>arMr gmoS>V H$mT>Uo draw a lottery [ H$. 294-A$]
cm¡{H$H$mcm ~mY AmUUo harm the reputation [ H$. 499]
dH«$moŠVrnyd©H$ ironically [ H$. 499-ñnï>r. 3]
dImanmc warehouse-keeper [ H$. 407]
dMZnÌ promissory note [ H$. 489-A$-ñnï>r.]
(ZwgVo) da MT>Uo climbing [ H$. 445-Xwgam]
(g¡{ZH$mMr) dXu gabr (of soldier) [ H$. 140]
dgyc H$aUo levy [ H$. 69]
dmgcmV cmdUo dispossing of [ H$. 414]
{dH$cVm infirmity [ H$. 89-na§VwH$]
{dH$cm§J H$aUo maiming [ H$. 363-A$-g.Q>r.]
{dH$ma disorder [ H$. 299-ñnï>r.-1]
{dH$ma, amoJ qH$dm emar[aH$ Xw~©cVm labouring under a disorder, [ H$. 299-ñnï>r. 1]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 179
`m§Zr nN>mS>cocm disease or bodily infirmity
{dH«$sgmR>r ‘m§S>Uo expose for sale [ H$. 486]
{dpÀN>Þ H$aUo mutilate [ H$. 477-A$]
{dÀN>oX H$aUo privation [ H$. 320-Xwgar]
{dÐzn H$aUo disfiguration [ H$. 320-ghmdr ]
{d{Yà{H«$`m process of law [ H$. 68]
{d{YV: g‘W©Zr` justifiable by law [ H$. 99]
{d{Y{ZXoe direction of law [ H$. 405]
{d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ illicit intercourse [ H$. 498]
{d{Y{df`H$ MyH$^yc mistake of law [ H$. 76]
{d{Z‘`nÌ bill of exchange [ H$. 464-CXm. (b)]
{dnÞmdñWm distressed circumstances [ H$. 464-CXm. (a)]
{dcJ H$aUo sever [ H$. 378-ñnï>r. 1]
{dcJrH$aU severance [ H$. 378-ñnï>r. 2]
{dëhodmQ> disposition [ H$. 421]
{df`cmocwnVm prurient interest [ H$.292 (1)]
{deof H$m`Xm special law [ H$.41-g.Q>r.]
{dídmgnmÌVm credit [ H$. 499-ñnï>r. 4]
{dkmnZ memorial [ H$. 163-CXm.]
{dkmnZH$Vm© memorialist [ H$. 163-CXm.]
doT>Umè`m gr‘m circumscribing limits [ H$. 340]
d¡Y AmXo{eH$m legal process [ H$. 141]
d¡Y nm[al{‘H$ legal remuneration [ H$. 161]
d¡Y g§{dXm legal contract [ H$. 504]
ì`pŠVJV Mm[aÍ` qH$dm dV©Z personal character or conduct [ H$. 171-G>]
ì`pŠVJV {ZamoY personal restraint [ H$. 105]
ì`pŠVËd character [ H$. 499-Xwgam AndmX]
ì`Ë`` AmUUo cause disturbance [ H$. 296]
ì`{^MmarnUm unchastity [ H$. 506]
ì`mXoe injunction [ H$. 291]
ì`mnmaY§Xm H$aUo engage in trade [ H$. 168-g.Q>r.]
ì`mnmar merchant [ H$. 409]
ì`mnmar Oc`mZ merchant vessel [ H$. 137-g.Q>r.]
enW Kod{dUo qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$adyZ KoUo administer an oath or affirmation [ H$. 181]
earag§^moJ carnal intercourse [ H$. 377]
em§VVoMo g§~§Y Agcocr gÎmm power at peace [ H$. 125]
{eS>rZo da MT>Uo scaling [ H$. 445-Xwgam]
{ejm R>moR>mdÊ`mV Amcocm JwÝhoJma condemned criminal [ H$. 163-CXm.]
{ejm gm¡å` H$aUo mitigate the punishment [ H$. 352-ñnï>r.]
(--À`m) {ejog nmÌ punishable (with) [ H$. 116]
g§`moJ qH$dm ~§YZ union or tie [ H$. 372-ñnï>r. XmoZ]
180 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
g§ajH$ ì`ŠVr defender [ H$. 106]
g§e`mñnX Bg‘ suspicious character [ H$. 177-CXm. (b)]
g§ñH$ma ceremony [ H$. 505 (3)]
gŠV‘Owar penal servitude [ H$. 56]
g»`mMo g§~§Y Agcocr gÎmm power in alliance [ H$. 125]
g§JZ‘V H$ê$Z in collusion with [ H$. 464-CXm. (d)]
gÀN>rc of good character [ H$. 464-CXm. (j)]
gXmof ‘Zwî`dY ‹culpable homicide [ H$. 299-g.Q>r.]
gX²^md good faith [ H$. 52-g.Q>r.]
g~i H$maU good reason [ H$. 501]
g‘OÊ`mg H$maU reason to believe [ H$. 26-g.Q>r.]
g‘O c~mS>rZo {Z‘m©U H$aUo deceitfully inducing a belief [ H$. 493-g.Q>r.]
g‘Ýg subpoena [ H$. 174-CXm. (a)]
g‘nhaU forfeiture [ H$.126]
g‘‘yë`H$ equivalent [ H$. 489-A-ñnï>r.]
g‘mZ C{Ôï> common object [ H$. 146]
g‘mnH$ liquidator [ H$. 21-Mm¡Wo]
ga~amB© treating> [ H$. 171-E>-ñnï>r.]
gd©gm‘mÝ` ~wÕrMr d d¥ÎmrMr ì`³Vr person of ordinary sense and > [ H$. 95]
temper
gl‘ H$mamdmg rigorous imprisonment [ H$. 382]
gmJar YmoŠ`mMr {ZemUr sea-mark [ H$. 433]
gmMm die [ H$. 485]
gmÑí` resemblance [ H$. 28-ñnï>r. 2]
gm‘{`H$ CnÐd common nuisance [ H$. 238]
gm‘mÝ` Z¡g{J©H$ H«$‘mZwgma in the ordinary course of nature [ H$. 300-VrZ]
gmd©O{ZH$ AmJirH$ public mischief [ H$. 505-g.Q>r.]
gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`m`mÀ`m A{^d¥ÕrH$aVm acting for the advancement of [ H$. 300-ñnï>r.3]
H$m`© H$aUmam public justice.
gmd©O{ZH$ {ZMam-JQ>ma public drainage [ H$. 432]
gmd©O{ZH$ Zm¡H$mZ`Z ‘mJ© public line of navigation [ H$. 283]
gmd©O{ZH$ añVm public way [ H$. 283]
gmd©O{ZH$ h¸$ public right [ H$.268]
gr‘m{MÝh land-mark [ H$. 434]
gmoSy>Z CKS>Uo unfasten [ H$. 461]
{ó`m§Mr qH$dm ~mcH$m§Mr g§ñWm women’s or children’s institution [ H$. 376-ñnï>r. 2]
ñWmZ situation [ H$. 21-ñnï>r. 2]
(‘mc‘Îmm) ñWmZ^«ï> H$aUo move (a property) [ H$. 378]
ñWm{ZH$ H$m`Xm local law [ H$. 42-g.Q>r.]
pñWVrñWmZ situation [ H$. 425]
ñn§XZ nmdUmam AOmV J^©Ord quick unborn child [ H$. 316]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 181
ñn§{XVJ^m© quick with child [ H$. 312]
ñne©-g§doXZm sense of feeling [ H$. 349]
ñdV:daMm Vm~m power of self-control [ H$. 300-AndmX 1]
ñdËdm{YH$ma title [ H$. 463]
ñdm{‘Ëd{MÝh property mark [ àH$aU 18 do-erf©H$]
ñd¡amMmar libertine [ H$. 499-ghmdm AndmX]
h¸$ ‘mJUr claim [ H$. 463]
h‘cm assault [ H$. 351-g.Q>r.]
hëë`mMo hË`ma weapon of offence [ H$. 144]
h„oImoa assailant [ H$. 101]
hmZr H$aUo impairing> [ H$. 320-nmMdr]
hþHy$‘V 1. authority [ H$. 499-gmVdm AndmX-
g. Q>r.]
2. dominion [ H$. 405]
(À`m) hþHy$‘VrImcr under one’s charge [ H$. 283]
hþgH$mdyZ cmdUo eject [ H$. 443]
j{V injury [ H$. 166]
j`H$maH$ nXmW© corrosive substance [ H$. 324]
The Indian Penal Code, 1860
B§J«Or-‘amR>reãXgyMr
abduction AnhaU [ S. 362-m.n.]

abetment AnàoaUm XoUo [ Chapter-V-heading]
abscond ’$amar hmoUo [S. 172]
accusation Amamon [S. 388]
act in a cruel or unusual manner H«y$anUo qH$dm AdmOdr arVrZo dmJUo [S. 300-Except.-4]
act or illegal omission H¥$Vr qH$dm Ad¡Y AH¥$Vr [ S. 107]
acting for the advancement of gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`m`mÀ`m A{^d¥ÕrH$aVm [ S. 300-Except.-3]
public justice H$m`© H$aUmam
acquittance {ZñVmanÌ [ S. 467]
adjudicatory functions A{^{ZU©`mMr H$m`© [ S. 21-Third]
administer an oath or enW Kod{dUo qH$dm ÑT>H$WZ H$adyZ KoUo [S. 181]
affirmation
affix a seal ‘mohmoa cmdUo [ S. 464-ill.(b)]
affray X§Jc [ S. 159-m.n.]
agent A{^H$Vm© [ S. 409 ]
alarming news ^`àX d¥Îm [ S. 505 (2)]
animal àmUr [ S. 47-m.n.]
anonymous communication {ZZmdr g§Xoe [ S. 507]
appeal AmdmhZ [ S. 292 (1)]
182 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
appearance ê$n [ S. 249]
assailant h„oImoa [ S. 101]
assault h‘cm [ S. 351-m.n.]
assert ànmXZ H$aUo [S. 499-Fifth Except.-ill(b)]
assessor Ý`m`ghm`H$ [ S. 21-Fifth]
at a discount Ad‘yë`mZo [ S. 165-ill.]
at a premium A{Y‘yë`mZo [ S.165-ill.(b)]
at large on parole n°amocda ‘wŠV [ S. 130-Expl.]
attached to the earth ^y‘rer g§c¾ [ S. 378-Expl.1]
attend in person OmVrZo hOa amhUo [ S. 172]
attorney ‘wIË`ma [ S. 409]
authority hþHy$‘V [ S. 499 - Seventh
Except-m. n.]
ballad cmdUr/nmodmS>m [ S. 294]
bid ~mocr XoUo [ S.169 ]
bill of exchange {d{Z‘`nÌ [ S. 464-ill.(b)]
bottomry Zm¡ VmaU [ S. 425-ill. (f)]
break open ’$moSy>Z CKS>Uo [ S. 461]
bribery cmMcwMnV [ S. 171 B-m. n.]
bring offenders to justice AnamÜ`m§Zm Ý`m`mgZmg‘moa AmUUo [ S. 21-Eighth]
broker Xcmc [ S. 409]
buoy ~mo`m [ S. 433]
candidate C‘oXdma [ S. 171A]
carnal intercourse earag§^moJ [ S. 377 ]
carrier n[admhH$ [ S. 407]
case ImoH$m [ S. 486]
cast away (a ship) (OhmO) Q>mHy$Z XoUo [ S. 425-ill. (f)]
cause H$‚mm [ S. 21-sixth]
cause disturbance ì`Ë`` AmUUo [ S.296]
censure {Z^©ËgZm [ S. 499-Seventh
Except. m.n.]
ceremony g§ñH$ma [ S. 505 (3)]
cessation of motion J{V{dam‘ [ S. 349]
change of motion J{V~Xc [ S. 349]
channel Zha [ S. 431]
character ì`pŠVËd [ S. 499-Second Except.].
charge 1. ajU^ma [ S. 89]
2. A{âjm [ S.157]
cheating R>H$dUyH$ [ S. 468-m.n.]
child-stealing ‘wco Mmoê$Z ZoUo [ S. 310]
circumscribing limits doT>Umè`m gr‘m [ S. 340]
claim h¸$ ‘mJUr [ S. 463]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 183
climbing (ZwgVo) da MT>Uo [ S. 445-Secondly]
closed receptacle ~§X nmÌ [ S. 461]
cohabition Xm§nË`^mdmZo ghdmg [ S. 493-m.n.]
coiner ZmUoH$ma [ S. 241-ill]
combustible matter ÁdmcmJ«mhr nXmW© [ S. 285]
commissioner Am`moJr [ S. 21-Fourth]
common nuisance gm‘m{`H$ CnÐd [ S. 268]
common object g‘mZ C{Ôï> [ S. 146]
composition (of coin) (ZmÊ`mMo) {‘lU [ S. 246]
concelment of birth AnËÒÝ‘mMr cndUyH$ [ S. 318]
concerned (in) (--‘Üò) {Z~Õ [ S. 165]
concert EH${dMma hmoUo [ S. 108-Expl. 5]
condemned criminal {ejm R>moR>mdÊ`mV Amcocm JwÝhoJma [ S. 163-ill]
confess judgment Ý`m`{ZU©`mg H$~wcr XoUo [ S. 466]
consideration à{V’$c [ S. 165]
constrain O~arZo ^mJ nmS>Uo [ S. 327]
contemplate nyd©H$ënZm H$aUo [ S. 188-Expl.]
contraband salt à{V{gÕ ‘rR> [ S. 182-ill (b)]
contradictory Ag§JV [ S. 499-Fifth
Except.-ill.(a)]
convert to one’s own use Amnë`m Cn`moJmgmR>r ñdV:Mr [ S. 403]
åhUyZ dmnaUo
conveyance A{^hñVm§VaU [ S. 464-Thirdly-ill.(b)]
corrosive substance j`H$maH$ nXmW© [ S. 324]
corrupt of foul Xy{fV H$aUo qH$dm KmU H$aUo [ S. 277]
counterfeit ZH$cr V`ma H$aUo [ S. 28-m.n.]
counterfeiting ZH$crH$aU [ S. 28-Expl. 1]
Court of justice Ý`m`mc` [ S. 20]
credit {dídmgnmÌVm [ S. 499-Expl.4]
criminal act JwÝhoJmar ñdê$nmMr H¥$Vr [ S.34]
criminal breach of trust ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Ý`mg^§J [ S. 405-m.n.]
criminal conspiracy ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ H$Q> [ Chapter-VA-heading]
criminal force ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ ~cà`moJ [ S. 350-m.n.]
criminal intention or knowledge JwÝhoJmar CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd [ S. 80]
criminal misappropriation ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ Anhma [ S. 403-m.n.]
criminal tresspass ’$m¡OXmarnmÌ A{VH«$‘U [ S. 97]
culpable homicide gXmof ‘Zwî`dY [ S. 299-m.n.]
culpable homicide not IyZ `m gXamV Z ‘moS>Umam [ S. 304-m.n.]
amounting to murder gXmof ‘Zwî`dY
custody A{âjm [ S. 436]
dacoity XamoS>m [ S. 391-m.n.]
dangerous weapon KmVH$ hË`ma [ S. 324-m.n.]
184 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
deadly weapon àmUKmVH$ hË`ma [ S. 144]
death ‘¥Ë`y [ S. 46-m.n.]
deceitful means ’$gdUwH$sMo Cnm` [ S. 362]
deceitfully inuding a belief g‘O c~mS>rZo {Z‘m©U H$aUo [ S. 493-m.n.]
deceive {Xem^yc H$aUo [ S. 415]
decked vessel ‘Ocr Oc`mZ [ S. 437]
declaration of public policy cmoH$YmoaU Omhra H$aUo [ S. 177B(1)(ii)- proviso]
defamation A~«yZwH$gmZr [ S. 499-m.n.]
defamatory A~«yZwH$gmZH$maH$ [ S. 501]
defender g§ajH$ ì`ŠVr [ S. 106]
defile An{dÌ H$aUo [ S. 295]
definitive judgment {ZUm©`H$ Ý`m`{ZU©` [ S. 19]
defraud J§S>dUo [ S. 464-ill.(a)]
deleterious Anm`H$maH$ [ S. 324]
delirious person CÝ‘mXdm`y Pmcocr ì`ŠVr [ S. 305]
demand Xo` a¸$‘ [ S. 422]
denomination A{^YmZ [ S. 255]
depart {ZKyZ OmUo [ S. 174]
depository {ZjonñWmZ [ S. 297]
deprave and corrupt Zr{V^«ï> H$aUo d {~KS>{dUo [ S. 292 (1)]
depredation cyQ>‘ma [ S.126-m.n.]
desert place {ZO©Z {R>H$mU [ S. 307-ill]
deserter ncm{`V [ S. 136-m.n.]
design (to commit offence) (AnamY H$aÊ`mMm) ~oV [ S. 118]
detection (of an offence) (AnamYmMm) Vnmg cmJUo [ S. 330]
device of mark ~moY{MÌ qH$dm {MÝh [ S. 475 m.n.]
die gmMm [ S. 485]
direction of law {d{Y{ZXoe [ S. 405]
disaffection Aàr{V^mdZm [ S. 124A Expl. 1]
disapprobation Zmng§Vr [ S.124 A-Expl. 2]
disfavour AdH¥$nm [ S. 161]
disfiguration {dÐzn H$aUo [ S. 320-Sixthly]
disgraceful cm{OadmUr [ S. 499-Expl. 4]
disharmony VoT> [ S.153A(1) (a)]
dishonest misappropriation Aàm‘m{UH$ Anhma [ S. 403-m.n.]
dishonestly Aàm‘m{UH$nUmZo [ S. 24-m.n.]
disorder {dH$ma [ S. 299-Expl. 1]
disposing of dmgcmV cmdUo [ S. 414]
disposition {dëhodmQ> [ S. 421]
disservice AnH$ma [ S. 161]
distraced circumstances {dnÞmdñWm [ S. 464-ill (j)]
document XñVEodO [ S. 29]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 185
dominion hþHy$‘V [ S. 405]
draw a lottery cm°Q>arMr gmoS>V H$mT>Uo [ S. 294 A]
effect retreat H$mT>Vm nm` KoUo [ S. 105]
effects Om`XmX [ S. 464-ill. (e)]
eject hþgH$mdyZ cmdUo [ S. 443]
electorial right {ZdS>UyH${df`H$ h¸$ [ S. 171 A(b)]
employee’s contribution H$‘©Mmè`m§Mo A§eXmZ [ S. 405-Expl. 1]
Employee’s State Insurance H$‘©Mmar amÁ` {d‘m {ZYr [ S. 405-Expl. 2]
Fund
emasculation nw§ñËdhaU [ S. 320-First]
endorse n¥ð>m§{H$V H$aUo [ S. 464-ill.(c)]
enforce (a right) (h¸$) ~OmdUo [ S.141-forth]
engage in trade ì`mnmaY§Xm H$aUo [ S. 168-m.n.]
engagement A{^g§Ho$VnÌ [ S. 489A-Expl.]
entice ^wai nmS>Uo [ S. 498]
equivalent g‘‘yë`H$ [ S. 489-Expl.]
excite disaffection AàrVrMr ^mdZm MoV{dUo [ S. 124A]
exclude And{O©V H$aUo [ S. 443]
execute a process AmXo{eHo$Mr A§‘c~OmdUr H$aUo [ S. 187]
execution XaImñV-H$m`©dmhr [ S. 425-ill.(d)]
exhibit àXe©Zr` dñVy [ S. 363 A(4)(a)(iv)]
expose for sale {dH«$sgmR>r ‘m§S>Uo [ S. 486]
exposure of infants A^©H$m§Zm CKS>çmda Q>mH$Uo [ S. 311]
extort O~arZo KoUo [ S. 327]
extortion ~cmX²J«hU [ S. 383-m.n.]
facsimile à{Vê$n [ S. 263A(3)]
factor AS>Ë`m [ S. 409]
false property mark ImoQ>o ñdm{‘Ëd {MÝh [ S. 482]
falsify ImoQ>r V`ma H$aUo [ S. 477 A]
Family Pension Fund Hw$Qw>§~ doVZ {ZYr [ S. 405-Expl. 1]
favour H¥$nm [ S. 161]
fictitious person H$pënV ì`ŠVr [ S. 464-Expl. 2]
fictitious stamp ImoQ>m ‘wÐm§H$ [ S. 263A-m.n.]
fight ‘mam‘mar [ S. 300-Except. 4]
finder JdofH$ [ S. 403-Expl. 2]
force ~cà`moJ [ S. 349-m.n.]
forfeiture g‘nhaU [ S. 126]
forged document ~ZmdQ>-XñVEodO [ S. 470-m.n.]
forgery ~ZmdQ>rH$aU [ S. 463]
fradulently H$nQ>rnUmZo [ S. 25-m.n.]
frame ‘m§S>Ur H$aUo [ S. 167-m.n.]
funeral ceremony A§Ë`g§ñH$ma [ S. 297]
186 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
gang rape Q>moir{Zer ~cmËH$ma [ S. 376 (2) (g)]
garb (of soldier) (g¡{ZH$mMr dXu) [ S. 140]
good faith gX²^md [ S. 52-m.n.]
good reason g~i H$maU [ S. 501]
gratification n[aVmofU [ S. 161]
gratify unnatural lust {ZgJ©H«$‘m{déÕ c¡§{JH$ [ S. 100]
dmgZmnyVu H$aUo
grievious disease ^rfU amoJ [ S. 89 proviso]
grievious hurt O~a XwImnV [ S. 320-m.n.]
guilty intention or knowledge JwÝhoJmar/CÔoe qH$dm OmUrd [ S. 108-Expl. 3]
habitual dealing in {ZËè: ì`dhma H$aUo [ S. 371-m.n.]
harbour Amgam XoUo [ S.52A-m.n.]
harm AnhmZr [ S. 81]
harm the reputation cm¡{H$H$mcm ~mY òUo [ S. 499]
harmony EH$monm [ S. 153A (1) (b)]
horsewhip KmoS>çmÀ`m Mm~H$mZo ‘maUo [ S. 300-Except. 2-ill.]
house-breaking Ka’$moS>r [ S. 445]
house-breaking by night amÌrÀ`m doir Ka’$moS>r [ S. 446]
house-tresspass J¥h A{VH«$‘U [ S. 442-m.n.]
human dwelling ‘mUgm§Mo dg{VñWmZ [ S. 436]
hurt XwImnV [ S. 319]
idiot {Z~w©Õ [ S. 305]
illegal Ad¡Y [ S. 42-m.n.]
illegal payments Ad¡YnUo n¡go XoUo [ S. 171 H-m.n.]
illicit intercourse {d{Y{Z{fÕ g§^moJ [ S. 498]
ill-will Xwï>mdm [ S. 153A(1)(a)]
imitation AZwH¥$Vr [ S. 263A (3)]
immature understanding An[an¹$ g‘OeŠVr [ S. 83-m.n.]
imminentely dangerous ^`§H$a YmoŠ`mMr [ S. 300-Forth]
imparing hmZr H$aUo [ S. 320-Fifthly]
impassable XwñVa [ S. 431]
impressed upon R>gdcoco [ S. 486]
imputation Aä`mamon [ S. 499]
in collusion with g§JZ‘V H$ê$Z [ S. 464-ill.(d)]
incorporeal right A‘yV© h¸$ [ S.141-Forth]
infirmity {dH$cVm [ S. 89-proviso]
information 1 I~a [ S. 21-Eighth.]
2 ‘m{hVr [ S. 176.]
infraction (of law) (H$m`ÚmMm) ^§J [ S. 21-Ninth]
injunction ì`mXoe [ S. 291]
injury jVr [ S. 166]
innocently {ZamJgnUo [ S. 486]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 187
insane ^«{‘ï> [ S. 89-m.n.]
insane person ^«{‘ï> ì`ŠVr [ S. 305]
insolvency {XdmiImoar [ S. 464-ill. (e)]
instant death VmËH$mi ‘¥Ë`y [ S. 105]
instigate {MWmdUr XoUo [ S. 107]
in the ordinary course of nature gm‘mÝ` Z¡g{J©H$ H«$‘mZwgma [ S. 300-Third]
intrude upon the privacy EH$m§VnUmMm ^§J H$aUo [ S. 509]
instrument for making an R>gm C‘Q>dÊ`mMo gmYZ [ S. 472]
impression
intoxication Zem [ S. 85]
ironically dH«$moŠVrnyd©H$ [ S. 499-Expl. 3]
judgment {ZU©`~wÕr [ S. 85-m.n.]
judgment (of public) ‘yë`m§H$Z [ S. 499-Sixth Except]
juryman Á`yar-gXñ` [ S. 21-Fifth]
justifiable by law {d{YV: g‘W©Zr` [ S. 99]
kidnapping AnZ`Z [ S. 359-m.n.]
kidnapping from India ^maVmVyZ AnZ`Z H$aUo [ S. 360-m.n.]
kidnapping from lawful H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ [ S. 361-m.n.]
guardianship AnZ`Z H$aUo
labouring under a disorder, {dH$ma, amoJ qH$dm emar[aH$ Xw~©cVm [ S. 299-Expl. 1]
disease or bodily infirmity `m§Zr nN>mS>cocm
land-mark gr‘m{MÝh [ S. 434]
lascivious H$m‘wH$ [ S. 292 (1)]
lawful custody H$m`Xoera A{âjm [ S. 361-Expl.]
lawful excuse H$m`Xoera g~~ [ S. 263A (1)(b)]
legal contract d¡Y g{dXm [ S. 405]
legal process d¡Y AmXo{eH$m [ S. 141]
legal remuneration d¡Y nm[al{‘H$ [ S. 161]
legally bound to do H$aÊ`mg {d{YV: ~Õ [ S. 43-m.n.]
let for hire ^mS>çmZo XoUo [ S. 372]
letter of credit nVnÌ [ S. 464-ill.(a)]
levy dgyc H$aUo [ S. 69]
libertine ñd¡amMmar [ S. 499-sixth Except.]
life Or{dV [ S. 45-m.n.]
life-convict OÝ‘R>on H¡$Xr [ S. 303-m.n.]
liquidator g‘mnH$ [ S. 21-Fourth.]
local law ñWm{ZH$ H$m`Xm [ S. 42-m.n.]
losing wrongfully J¡anUo hmZr gmogUo [ S. 23-m.n.]
lothsome state K¥UmñnX AdñWm [ S. 499-Expl. 4]
lower the moral or intellectual character Z¡{VH$ qH$dm ~m¡{ÕH$ ì`pŠVËdmcm
CUonUm AmUUo [ S. 499-Expl. 4]
lurking house-tresspass MmoaQ>o J¥h A{VH«$‘U [ S. 443]
188 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
lurking house-tresspass by night amÌrÀ`m doir MmoaQ>o J¥h A{VH«$‘U [ S. 444]
maiming {dH$cm§J H$aUo [ S. 363 A-m.n.]
make a false document ImoQ>m XñVEodO ~ZdUo$ [ S. 464 ]
make away with nidyZ ZoUo [ S. 414]
malicious intention Xwï> CÔoe [ S. 295 A.]
malignantly KmVH$snUmZo [ S. 270]
man without veracity AgË`dmXr ‘Zwî` [ S. 499-Fifth Except ill(b)]
master (of vessel) Zm¡H$m{YnVr [ S. 137.]
medical preparation Am¡fYr` {gÕnXmW© [ S. 274]
medicinal purpose Am¡fYmonMmamMo à`moOZ [ S. 274]
memorial {dkmnZ [ S. 163-ill]
memorialist {dkmnZH$Vm© [ S. 163-ill]
merchant ì`mnmar [ S. 409]
merchant vessel ì`mnmar Oc`mZ [ S. 137-m.n.]
merits of performance Am{dîH¥$VrVrc JwUmdJwU [ S. 499-sixth Except]
miscarriage J^©ómd [ S. 312]
mischief by fire AmJ cmdyZ AmJirH$ H$aUo [ S. 103]
mistake of fact VÏ`{df`H$ MyH$^yc [ S. 76]
mistake of law {d{Y{df`H$ MyH$^yc [ S. 76]
mitigate the offence AnamY gm¡å` H$aUo [ S. 352-Expl.]
mitigate the punishment {ejm gm¡å` H$aUo [ S. 352-Expl.]
motion JVr äù[ S. 349]
motive àcmo^Z [ S. 161 (3)]
move (a property) (‘mc‘Îmm) ñWmZ^«ï> H$aUo [ S. 378]
moveable property O§J‘ ‘mc‘Îmm [ S. 22-m.n.]
murder IyZ [ S. 300-m.n.]
mutilate {dpÀN>Þ H$aUo [ S. 477 A]
mutiny ~§S> [ S. 131]
navigable Zmì` [ S. 431]
negotiate naH«$m{‘V H$aUo [ S. 464-ill.(j)]
noxious Anm`H$maH$ [ S. 272]
object of divine displeasure X¡dr àH$monmMm {df` [ S. 508]
occupation ^moJdQ>m [ S. 157]
occupier Vm~mYmaH$ [ S. 154-m.n.]
of good character gËerc [ S. 464-ill.(b)]
offence AnamY [ S. 39-m.n.]
offer indignity Aà{Vð>m H$aUo [ S. 297]
official act nXr` H$m`© [ S. 161]
official function nXr` H$m`m©{YH$ma [ S. 161]
official position A{YH¥$V ñWmZ [ S. 376-(2)(c)]
operation {H«$`m [ S. 246]
ordinary pursuits Zoh‘rMo ì`dgm` [ S. 320-Eighthly]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 189
out of the keeping of the lawful H$m`Xoera nmcH$mÀ`m Vmã`mVyZ [ S. 361]
guardian
outraging the religious feelings Ym{‘©H$ ^mdZm§da AË`mMma H$aUo [ S. 295 A]
package Amdoï>Z [ S. 486]
paramour `ma [ S. 378-ill.(o)]
pass (as) (åhUyZ) InyZ OmUo [ S. 248-m.n.]
pay ‘ohoZVmZm [ S. 163-ill.]
payable to bearer YmaUH$Ë`m©cm àXo` [ S. 464-ill.(c)]
penal servitude gŠV‘Owar [ S. 56]

performing tricks H$am‘Vr H$ê$Z XmIdUo [ S. 363 A(4) (a)]
perjury ImoQ>r gmj [ S. 165-ill(c)]
person lawfully employed H$m`XoeranUo Zo‘cocr ì`ŠVr [ S. 188]
person of oridinary sense
and temper gd©gm‘mÝ` ~wÕrMr d d¥ÎmrMr ì`ŠVr [ S.95]
person of unsound mind ‘Zmo{dH$c ì`ŠVr [ S. 84-m.n.]
personal character or conduct ì`pŠVJV Mm[aÍ` qH$dm dV©Z [ S. 171 G]
personal restraint ì`pŠVJV {ZamoY [ S.105]
personate ~VmdUr H$aUo [ S. 170-m.n.]
pick up (a cheque) (YZmXoe) cm§~dUo [ S. 464-ill. (c)]
place of sepulture X’$ZmMr OmJm [ S. 297]
plate ‘wÐmnÅ> [ S. 485]
power at peace em§VVoMo g§~§Y Agcocr gÎmm [ S. 125]
power in alliance g»»`mMo g§~§Y Agcocr gÎmm [ S. 125]
power of self-control ñdV:daMm Vm~m [ S. 300-Except. 1]
premeditated design nyd©g§H$pënV ~oV [ S. 300-ill. (d)]
pretend ~hmUm H$aUo [ S. 170]
printed or engraved substance N>mnrc qH$dm H$moard nXmW© [ S. 502]
prisoner of State amÁ` H¡$Xr [ S. 128-m.n.]
prisoner of war `wÕ H¡$Xr [ S. 128]
privation {dÀN>oX H$aUo [ S. 320-Second]
process of law {d{Yà{H«$`m [ S. 68]
produce harm Anm` KS>dyZ AmUUo [ S. 188-Expl.]
promissory note dMZnÌ [ S. 489 A-Expl.]
property mark ñdm{‘Ëd {MÝh [ Ch.XVIII-heading]
Provident Fund ^{dî` {ZYr [ S. 405-Expl. 1]
provocation 1. àjmo^Z [ S. 153]
2. àjmo^H$maU [ S. 300-Except. 1]
prurient interest {df`cmocwnVm [ S. 292 (1)]
public action cmoH$mon`moJr H$madmB© [ S. 171 B(1)(ii)-proviso]
public authority cmoH$ àm{YH$mar [ S. 99]
public drainage gmd©O{ZH$ {ZMam-JQ>ma [ S. 432]
190 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
public good cmoH${hV [ S. 499-First Except.]
public line of nagivation gmd©O{ZH$ Zm¡H$mZ`Z ‘mJ© [ S. 283]
public mischief gmd©O{ZH$ AmJirH$ [ S. 505-m.n.]
public performance Omhra Am{dîH¥$Vr [ S. 499-Sixth Except.]
public right gmd©O{ZH$ h¸ [ S. 268]
public servant cmoH$godH$ [ S. 21]
public way gmd©O{ZH$ añVm [ S. 283]
punishable (with) (---À`m) {ejog nmÌ [ S. 116]
quarantine rule n¥WH²$dmgmMm {Z`‘ [ S. 271-m.n.]
quasi-marital relation Xm§nË`dV² g§~§Y [ S. 372-Expl.II]
question of fact VÏ`{df`H$ àíZ [ S. 300-Except.1]
quick unborn child ñn§XZ nmdUmam AOmV J^©Ord [ S. 316]
quick with child ñn§{XVJ^m© [ S. 312]
rape ~cmËH$ma [ S.375-m.n.]
rash or negligent act ~oXaH$ma qH$dm h`J`rMr H¥$Vr [ S. 304 A]
rashly or negligently ~oXaH$manUo qH$dm h`J`rZo [ S. 286]
rate of postage Q>nmchercmMm Xa [ S.263 A (4)]
reason to believe g‘OÊ`mg H$maU [ S. 26-m.n.]
receiver àmnH$ [ S. 21-Fourth]
receiving of stolen property MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm ñdrH$maUo [ Ss.410 to 414-heading]
receptacle nmÌ [ S. 486]
recite nmR> åhUUo [ S. 294 (b)]
record or proceeding A{^coI qH$dm H$m`©dmhr [ S. 466]
register Zm|XnwñVH$ [ S. 466]
register (of birth) Zm|XnÌ [ S. 466]
release a demand or claim òUo a¸$‘ qH$dm h¸$ ‘mJUr gmoSy>Z XoUo [ S.424]
religious assembly Ym{‘©H$ O‘md [ S. 296-m.n.]
religious ceremony Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma [ S. 296]
representation à{Vê$nU [ S.263 A (3)]
rescue Ad¡YnUo gmoS>dUo [ S. 130]
resemblance gmÑí` [ S. 28-Expl. 2]
reward ~{jgr [ S. 161]
right of private defence ImgJrarË`m ~Mmd H$aÊ`mMm h¸$ [ Ss.96 to 106-heading]
right of way ‘mJm©{YH$ma [ S. 141-Fourth]
rigorous imprisonment gl‘ H$mamdmg [ S. 382]
robbery O~ar Mmoar [ S. 390-m.n.]
scaling {eS>rZo da MT>Uo [ S. 445-Secondly]
scoop out nmoIaUo [ S. 246-Expl.]
sea-mark gmJar YmoŠ`mMr {ZemUr [ S .433]
seal ‘mohmoa [ S .472]
secular common purposes Ym{‘©Ho$Va gm‘m{`H$ à`moOZo [ S. 21-Tenth]
sedition àOmjmo^Z [ S. 124A]
^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 191
seduce from duty H$V©ì`mnmgyZ {dM{cV H$aUo [ S. 131]
seizure A{^J«hU [ S. 464-ill.(d)]
selection {ZdS> [ S. 21-Expl. 3]
sense of feeling ñne©-g§doXZm [ S. 349]
service CnH$ma [ S. 161]
sever {dcJ H$aUo [ S. 378-Expl. 1]
severance {dcJrH$aU [ S. 378-Expl. 2]
sexual offences c¢{JH$ AnamY [ Ss. 375 to 376D-
heading]
show favour H¥$nm H$aUo [ S. 161]
situation 1. pñWVrñWmZ [ S. 425]
2. ñWmZ [ S. 21-Expl. 2]
3. nX [ S. 161-ill.(a)]
solicit 1. AZwZ` H$aUo [ S. 164-ill.]
2. `mMZm H$aUo [ S. 363A(4)(c)]
special law {deof H$m`Xm [ S. 41-m.n.]
State amÁ`gÎmm [ S. 489A-Expl.]
state of intoxication ZeoMr AdñWm [ S. 305]
State prisoner amÁ`H¡$Xr [ S. 128]
stolen property MmoarMr ‘mc‘Îmm [ S. 410-m.n.]
stupefying ‘yÀN>m©H$maH$ [ S. 328]
subpoena g‘Ýg [ S. 174-ill.(a)]
substance ‘w»` Ðì` [ S. 475]
substancially ~ìh§er [ S. 499-Fourth
Except.]
suspecious character g§e`mñnX Bg‘ [ S. 177-ill.(6)]
supposed right ‘mZrd h¸$ [ S. 141-Fourth]
theft Mmoar [ S. 378-m.n.]
thug R>J [ S. 310]
title ñdËdm{YH$ma [ S. 463]
token AmoiI{MÝh [ S. 140]
traffic in (--Mm) Anì`mnma H$aUo [ S. 489B]
transportation H$mio-nmUr [ S. 53A(4)]
transportation for life OÝ‘R>on H$mio-nmUr [ S. 53A(1)]
treating ga~amB© [ S. 171E-Expl.]
unadulterated {Z^}i [ S. 275]
unchastity ì`{^MmarnUm [ S. 506]
under colour of one’s office Amnë`m nXm{YH$mamÀ`m Am^mgm‘wio [ S. 99]
under colour of office nXm{YH$mamÀ`m {‘fmZo [ S. 170]
under one’s charge (--À`m) hþHy$‘VrImcr [ S. 283]
undue influence J¡admOdr à^md [ S. 171C-m.n.]
unfasten gmoSy>Z CKS>Uo [ S. 461]
192 ^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860
union or tie g§`moJ qH$dm ~§YZ [ S. 372-Expl. II]
unlawfull assembly ~oH$m`Xoera O‘md [ S. 141]
unnatural offence AZ¡g{J©H$ AnamY [ S. 377-m.n.]
unwholesome drug AnÏ`H$maH$ nXmW© [ S. 328]
utterer (ZmUo) MmcdUmam [ S. 241-ill]
valuable property ‘yë`dmZ ‘mc‘Îmm [ S. 378-ill(o)]
valuable security ‘yë`dmZ amoIm [ S. 383]
valuable thing ‘yë`dmZ dñVy [ S. 165-m.n.]
vessel Oc`mZ [ S. 48-m.n.]
village watchman JmdmMm nhmaoH$ar [ S. 177-ill.(b)]
visible representation Ñí` à{Vê$nU [ S. 499]
voluntarily BÀN>mnyd©H$ [ S. 39-m.n.]
voluntarily causing hurt BÀN>mnyd©H$ XwImnV H$aUo [ S. 321-m.n.]
wage war `wÕ H$aUo [ S. 121-m.n.]
want of discipline AZwemgZmMm A^md [ S. 137]
wantonly ~oNy>Q>nUo [ S. 153-m.n.]
warehouse-keeper dImanmc [ S. 407]
weapon of offence hëë`mMo hË`ma [ S. 144]
wharfinger ‘mcY¸$mdmcm [ S. 407]
wilful misrepresentation ~w{Õnwañga AndoXZ [ S. 107]
without premeditation nyd©{Z`mo{OV ZgVmZm [ S. 300-Except.4]
women’s or childen’s institution {ó`m§Mr qH$dm ~mcH$m§Mr g§ñWm [ S. 376-Expl. 2]
wrongdoer AnH¥$Ë`H$Vm© [ S. 103]
wrongful confinement J¡a n[aamoY [ S. 340]
wrongful gain J¡a cm^ [ S. 23-m.n.]
wrongful loss J¡a hmZr [ S. 23-m.n.]
wrongfully J¡anUo [ S. 368]
wrongfully gain J¡a cm^ [ S. 23-m.n.]
wrongful restraint J¡a {ZamoY [ S. 440]
-------------------------

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^maVr¶ X§S> g§{hVm, 1860 1

Indian Penal Code, 1860

(V¥Vr` Amd¥Îmr : gZ 2015)

_hmamï´> nmobrg AH°$S>_r,

Zdr {X„r : Eg. am‘æ`m,

New Delhi : S. RAMAIAH,

H$c‘o nmZ Z§.

^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm, 1860

1. AZwHy$cZ AmXoe, 1950 Ûmao ‘yi H$c‘mEodOr KmVco.

1. 1920 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 39-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao g‘m{dï> Ho$bo.

1. 1942 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao KmVco.

1. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 3 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.

1. 1882 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 4 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.

107. EImÚm Jmoï>rMo AnàoaU.- Ooìhm EImXr ì`ŠVr-

1. 1898 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 4 H$c‘ 3 Ûmao OmXm XmIc Ho$co.

1. 1972 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 31-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.

1. 1873 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 10-H$c‘ 15 Ûmao g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.

1. 1885 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao `m H$c‘mMr ^a KmcÊ`mV Amcr.

1. 1927 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 25-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao ho H$c‘ g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amco.

1. 1882 À`m A{Y{Z`‘ 8-H$c‘ 8 Ûmao hm eãX g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcm.

1. 1951 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 3-H$c‘ 3 d AZwgyMr `m§Ûmao {dd{jV eãX dJiÊ`mV Amco.

1. 1924 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 18, H$c‘ 3 Ûmao hr ñnï>roH$aUo g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcr.

1. 1899 Mm A{Y{Z`‘ 12-H$c‘ 2 Ûmao OmXm XmIc Ho$co.

abduction AnhaU [ S. 362-m.n.]

penal servitude gŠV‘Owar [ S. 56]

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