RECON, Reyven R.

BSME-3111

Temperature Measuring Instruments

Instrument Illustration Definition Principle of Operation

Venturimeter or Venturi meters are The Bernoulli principle is
Venturi Flow flow measurement at the heart of the
Meter equipment that use a Venturi flowmeter's
converging piece of operation. The Venturi
pipe to produce an
determines the flow rate
increase in flow
of a fluid by lowering the
velocity and a
corresponding cross sectional flow area
pressure decrease, in the flow channel and
which may be used to creating a pressure
calculate the difference. Following the
flowrate. A venturi generation of the
meter is a device that pressure difference, the
converts pressure fluid is routed via a
energy into kinetic pressure recovery exit
energy and is used to section, which recovers
measure the rate of
up to 80% of the
liquid flow via pipes.
differential pressure
generated at the throat.

Orifice Plate or An orifice meter is a When an orifice plate is

Orifice Meter device that placed into a pipeline, the
measures the rate flow velocity increases and
of flow of a gas or the pressure decreases.
Beyond the orifice plate,
fluid. The orifice
the flow pattern exhibits an
plate is used to pass
effective decrease in cross
the liquid or gas section, with a maximum
whose flow rate velocity and minimum
needs to be pressure near the
determined. It is venacontracta. The flow
based on the pattern and the orifice
principle of plate's sharp leading edge,
Differential which produces it, are
Pressure critical. Because of the
Measurement. sharp edge, there is
essentially no fluid-to-metal
friction drag at the plate to
effective flow interface.
 Flow Nozzle Flow Nozzle is a When a flow nozzle is
differential pressure inserted into a pipe
device that conveying the flow rate
measures flow rate to be measured, it
in a closed conduit generates a pressure
and is used for drop that varies with the
heavy applications flow rate. A differential
and high flow rates, pressure sensor is used to
a. It's a flow tube measure the pressure
with a smooth drop, and once
convergent section calibrated, the pressure
that leads to a becomes a measure of
cylindrical throat. flow rate.

Pitot Tube The Pitot tube is a The pitot tube is a device

simple device that that measures differential
can be used to pressure. The direct
monitor flow pressure at the contact
pressure in a moving
pitot tube hole is
fluid, ideally for high
measured by the pitot
flow rates in gasses,
and a variety of flow tube positioned in the
rates in liquids. This flow stream, and a
gadget is a tube second measurement of
section that measures static pressure is
the pressure at the required. Dynamic
tube's tip as well as pressure is calculated as
the pressure at the the difference between
tube's side. the two measurements.

Hot Wire / Film The hot-wire A Hot Wire Anemometer

probes anemometer is a Probe is a device that
device that measures the heat loss of
measures the an electrically heated
instantaneous wire inserted in the air
velocities of fluid stream to determine the
flows and is based velocity and direction of a
on the sensor fluid (in this case, air).
(gauge) heat When wire is exposed to
transfer being air, heat is transmitted
dependent on the from the wire to the air,
fluid velocity, lowering the temperature
temperature, and of the wire.
composition.
Moving Member The specific type of The volume of liquid, gas,
Meters transducers known as or steam flowing through
"moving member" or around the flow meter
meters is another sensors is measured by
means of monitoring
moving member meters,
the flow velocity in a
also known as flow
duct or pipe. Turbines
and paddlewheels are meters. Flow meter
the two main types of sensors work in a variety
wind turbines. Both of ways, but they all have
of these instruments the same purpose in
detect the fluid mind: to provide the
velocity in the tube or most precise and
duct. They differ from consistent flow
conventional velocity measurements possible
measurement devices for a given application,
in that, unlike pitot
whether its process
tubes and hot wire
control, general research,
probes, they use a
moving element to or semiconductor
determine the flow. processing.

Axial Turbine The axial type turbine A turbine flow meter uses a
Flow Meter flow meter is made reasonably simple working
up of a circular casing principle to detect
with a suspended volumetric total flow and/or
blade system. It has flow rate. As fluid passes
high accuracy in through the turbine meter,
liquids and medium it strikes turbine blades that
velocity gases. are allowed to revolve
Because the meter's around an axis parallel to
accuracy is the turbine housing's center
dependent on the line. This suspended blade is
impeller's speed, it's positioned in the center of
critical that the the housing on a shaft or
bearing system that bearing. The fluidic forces
supports the blade rotate the blades as fluid
stays clean and free flows through them. The
to turn. rotational speed is
proportional to the fluid
velocity going through the
housing. A method for
detecting rotational speed
is used, allowing fluid
velocity to be measured.
Counting the blades as they
pass a sensor on the
housing body is a common
way of determining turbine
rotation speed.
Radial Turbine If you have an A small turbine device is
Flowmeter application in a introduced into the side of
substantially larger the pipe in this alternate
pipe or duct, you'll style device, and the flow
need to use a Radial over the turbine blades
Turbine Flowmeter generates a measurement
and the popular name related to the general flow
for this device is in the pipe. Turbine flow
"insertion Turbine meters, like the ones
flow meter." pictured to the left, are an
example of this type of
equipment. The turbine
unit's shaft is parallel to the
flow as the cartridge unit is
put into the flow stream.
The flow over the angled
turbine element rotates in
proportion to the flow
across the blades as a result
of this.

Paddle wheel The paddle wheel The paddle wheel meter

flowmeter flowmeter is a less generates a frequency and
expensive alternative voltage signal proportionate
to the turbine to the flow rate when the
flowmeter. This magnets in the blades spin
device is similar to an past the sensor. The higher
insertion type turbine the frequency and voltage
flowmeter, except output, the faster the flow.
that instead of a The signal from the paddle
turbine blade that wheel meter is converted
rotates due to lift into actual flow rate or total
forces generated by flow data using flow
the flow, the paddle displays and controllers.
wheel is The signal can be used to
perpendicular to the manage the operation,
flow and turns like an trigger an alarm, or convey
old-fashioned steam signals to the outside world,
boat paddlewheel. among other things.

Rotameters The rotameter is a A weighted float or

variable area meter plummet is elevated to the
with an object put in point of equilibrium
a vertical tube of between the downward
changeable diameter. force of the plummet and
The float is the name the upward force of the
for this item. Gravity fluid, as well as the
is a key force involved buoyancy effect of the fluid
in the calibration of flowing past the float
this sort of meter, through the annular orifice,
hence it is only in this meter. The flow rate
utilized in a vertical can be determined by
posture. looking at the float's
position.