CAROUSEL LACHICA-CONCEPCION

MARVEE S. JORNALES
ID S. PALAHANG
CATHERINE DANIEL-CABAL
KRISTINE MAE BARTE TARIPE
MAESHILLE TARIO-OMAÑA
RICKLER DETALLA
ROMY S. LIWAGON
OSCAR IAN S. LACHICA

i
 PREFACE

Today’s adolescents have grown up in a world revolving around digital

technology. The development of technology has brought difference in our life.

People nowadays are more depending on technology to do works daily. It is a

new brand world that brings technology as something essential and important.

People are more comfortable in using gadget such as smart phone, laptop and

much more. Even student tends to learns from internet. There are a lot of e-

books, articles and reliable source of education that they can get through simply

using internet. Living a life immersed in technology has become part of the

culture for digital natives and one unfamiliar to many students and educators.

This course focuses on what an individual must know and understand

about information technology in order to use it effectively and productively for

his or her own purposes.

This course investigates the role of information and communication

technology in this era. It covers the latest advances in the broad and ever-

changing field of information technology. It is obvious that students need to

understand the impact of information technologies in everyday life and other

fields. Information technology is an enabler for many new types of educational

opportunities. This book aims to provide answers to those questions. It aims to

inspire learners in striving harder by developing a sense of responsibility and

commitment as they go along with the course.

The Authors

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our heartfelt thanks go to the following persons who immeasurably share their
valuable contribution in the conduct and completion of this module:

- to JHCSC family, for their invaluable motivation and encouragement

during the development of this module;

- to the faculty and other resource persons, for sharing their knowledge
and expertise in the module and syllabi completion;

- to our family who always had our back during the sleepless nights while
making and completing this module; and

- above all, to the Almighty God, for His unending love, guidance, and for
giving us the knowledge, wisdom, patience and strength from the
preparation until completion

The Authors

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface i

Acknowledgement ii

Unit 1: Information Technology in Daily Life 1

Lesson 1: Meaning of Information Technology 1

Lesson 2: Role of Information Technology in Daily Life 9
Lesson 3: Information Technology in Media Industry 18

Unit 2: Information Technology in Education 28

Lesson 1: Concept of Information Technology in Education 29

Lesson 2: Significance of IT in Education 33
Lesson 3: Uses of Information Technology in Education 35

Unit 3: Information Technology in Education 40

Lesson 1: Information Technology in Business 41

Lesson 2: Strategies to Select Appropriate Hardware
and Software to Meet Business Needs 50
Lesson 3: Telecommunications and Information Technologies
Make to Business 58

References

Appendices
Appendix A Answer Key
Appendix B Rubrics
Appendix C Syllabus

About the Authors

3
 Unit 1
Information Technology in Everyday Life

Learning Content:

1. Meaning of Information Technology

2. Role of Information Technology in Everyday Life
3. Information Technology in Media Industry

Learning Outcome

1. Demonstrate understanding on the meaning of information

technology by proving relevant meaning;
2. Describe the role of information technology to everyday life by
indicating experiences in the table; and
3. Recommend dos and don’ts on the proper use of information
technology for everyday life.

Introduction

Technology plays a significant role in the modern world. Almost all

activities of a person involved the use of technology from waking-up in the
morning and up-to time that you will sleep. This unit deals with the role of
technology in an individual’s life. Lesson 1 talks about its definition which
accompanied the advantages and disadvantages. Lesson 2 discuss the role of
technology in different fields which has also the relevant to everyday life. Lastly,
the Lesson 3 talks about the information technology in different industry.

Lesson 1

Meaning of Information Technology

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;

a. Demonstrate understanding on the meaning of information

technology;
b. Draw a visual interpretation on the role of information technology
in daily life; and
c. Express one’s view on the importance of information technology
through a journal.

4
Pre-test: True or False
Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F it is false. Write your answer
on the space provided.
____ 1. Communication covers a huge part of what information technology is
for the people of the modern age.
____ 2. IT gives inconveniency in our daily living.
____ 3. Credit cards or smart cards like “VISA ELECTRON” have made the
banking industry more flexible than before.
____ 4. IT is a set of tools that can help provide the right people with the right
information at the right time.
____ 5. Information Technology focuses only in sending information.
____ 6. Information technology is the technology used to store, manipulate,
distribute or create information.
____ 7. Technology becomes the central to the lives of every individual.
____ 8. Gugleilo Marconi invented the telephone.
____ 9. In 1933, KDKA radio station in Pittsburgh began regular commercial
radio broadcasting with the presidential election returns.
____ 10. It helps us to relax after a hard day’s work by watching entertainment
shows.

Meaning of Information Technology

1. Information technology is the technology used to store, manipulate,

distribute or create information. All these can be summed up easily- It’s
having knowledge, and knowledge comes from having information.
Gaining knowledge through information is the role of “information
technology” IT in today’s informed world.
2. It refers to any development that mainly involves computer-based
information systems comprising of software applications and the
computer hardware.
3. It is the use of electronic systems that can assist towards retrieving the
required information.
4. It is used for communication and communication industry.
5. Online transactions

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Importance of Information Technology

1. Information Technology is vital element in any development in terms of

trade and commerce, defense and culture.
2. A standard process that allows great bulks of data to be kept and
processed or transmitted at lightning speed.
3. Information at hand to make choices, sustain and preserve relations,
monitor business activities or track movements.
4. Information Technology brings out the production and development of
mobile phones in the market such as iPhone, iPad which are more
technologically motivated.
5. Reaching out people as a convenient and accessible where everyone
can use its application with comfort.
6. Information Technology permits us to gather, handle and interconnect a
gigantic volume of information.
7. Information Technology has successfully infiltrated human existences,
occupying the biggest part of every lifestyle; the importance of information
technology; touching lives.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Information Technology

Advantages (+) Disadvantages (-)

+ Globalization and Economic Growth - Rise in unemployment
+ Communication has become an easier, - Lack of job security
cheaper, and faster

- Internet

-Skype
+ Social Media - Lack of privacy
+ Business become more cost effective - Influence of IT to everyone’s life

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Activity 1

Draw Me
Directions: Draw a visual interpretation on the impact of the Information
Technology to you as an individual and to the community. You also emphasize
the advantages the advantages of IT. You use short (8x11”) size bond paper
for this activity. Use the rubric for your guidance.

7
Creating a Visual Interpretation on the Impact of Information Technology

Teacher Name: Marvee Jornales

Student’s Name: ______________________________________

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 Score
Design/ Student applies Student applies Student tries to The
Composition design principles design principles apply design student
(such as unity, (such as unity, principles does not
contrast, contrast, balance, (such as unity, appear to
balance, movement, contrast, be able to
movement, direction, balance, apply most
direction, emphasis, and movement, design
emphasis, and center of interest) direction, principles
center of with fair skill. emphasis, and to his/her
interest) with center of own work.
great skill. interest) but
the overall
result is not
pleasing.
Color Choices Choice and Choice and Choice and Student
application of application of application of needs to
color shows an color shows color shows work on
advanced knowledge of knowledge of learning
knowledge of color color color
color relationships. relationships. relationship
relationships. Colors are Colors are, s and using
Color choice appropriate for however, NOT that
enhances the the idea being appropriate for knowledge
idea being expressed. the idea being in his/her
expressed. expressed. work.
Capturing A Paint is applied Paint is applied in An attempt has No attempt
Style/Artist in a manner very a manner that is been made to has been
consistent with reasonably apply paint in a made to
the technique or consistent with manner that is apply paint
artist being the technique or consistent with in a
studied. artist being the technique manner
studied. or artist being that is
studied, but it consistent
is not effective. with the
technique
or artist
being
studied.
Use of Student typically Student typically Student Student
materials keeps painting adequately adequately deliberately
materials and cleans materials cleans and misuses
area clean and and work area at takes care of materials
protected the end of the materials if AND/OR

8
 without session without reminded. does not
reminders. The reminder, but the Occasional adequately
student shows area may be spills and clean
great respect for messy during the messy work materials
the materials work session. area may be or area
and his fellow Student shows seen. Shows when
students. respect for some respect reminded.
materials and for materials Shows little
fellow students. and fellow respect for
students. materials
or fellow
students.
Time/Effort Submitted the Submitted the Submitted the Submitted
output on output one day output two the output
time/before the after the due days after the more than
due date. Much date. Student due date. two days
time and effort could have put in and the
went into the more time and student put
planning and effort. in no
design of the additional
mask. effort.
Creativity Student has Student has Student has Student
taken the taken the copied some has not
technique being technique being painting from made
studied and studied and has the source much
applied it in a used source material. There attempt to
way that is material as a is little meet the
totally his/her starting place. evidence of requiremen
own. The The student\'s creativity, but ts of the
student\'s personality the student has assignment
personality/voice comes through in done the .
comes through. parts of the assignment.
painting.

9
Activity 2

Write Me In!

Directions: Write your own view on the importance of information technology.

Use the rubrics below.

10
 4 - Above 2 - Approaching
3 - Meets Standards 1 - Below Standards Score
Standards Standards
CATEGORY
Sentence All Most sentences are Most Most sentences
Structure sentence well-constructed and sentences are are not well-
s are there is some varied well constructed or
well- sentence structure constructed, varied.
construct in the essay. but there is no
ed with variation is
varied structure.
structure.
Grammar & Author Author makes 1-2 Author makes Author makes
Spelling makes errors in grammar or 3-4 errors in more than 4
no errors spelling that distract grammar or errors in
in the reader from the spelling that grammar or
grammar content. distract the spelling that
or reader from distract the
spelling the content. reader from the
that content.
distract
the
reader
from the
content.
Sequencing Argumen Arguments and A few of the Many of the
ts and support are provided support details support details or
support in a fairly logical or arguments arguments are
are order that makes it are not in an not in an
provided reasonably easy to expected or expected or
in a follow the author\'s logical order, logical order,
logical train of thought. distracting the distracting the
order that reader and reader and
makes it making the making the
easy and essay seem a essay seem very
interestin little confusing. confusing.
g to
follow the
author\'s
train of
thought.
Transitions A variety Transitions show Some The transitions
of how ideas are transitions between ideas
thoughtfu connected, but there work well, but are unclear OR
l is little variety some nonexistent.
transition connections
s are between ideas
used. are fuzzy.
They
clearly
show
how
ideas are
connecte
d

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 Lesson 2
Role of Information Technology in Daily Life

Learning Outcomes

1. Describe the role of information technology by indicating its

role in one’s daily life.
2. Write a reflection by expressing ideas on the impact of
information technology in daily life.

Content

In our daily living, technology plays a vital role. It has become the central
to the lives of every individual. Whether we are sending messages, going to the
bank, talking on the phone, catching a flight, using library, harvesting products,
watching news on the television, going to the doctor or seeing movies, we are
using information technology. Almost everything that we do in this modern world
is influenced by technologies. Now, let us explore some roles of information
technology in various sectors.

Role of Information Technology in Business Success

1. Improved Organizational Communication. An important use of

technology in business is for communication through platforms such
as conferencing software, email, video chat, company intranets and
the internet in general. IT allows businesses to easily hold virtual
meetings with staff and clients around the world without having to
spend time and money on travel.
2. More Efficient Daily Operations. Companies can use inventory
management software that checks real-time levels rather than having
a workers to do the monitoring, provides helpful reports to managers
and can even trigger orders when the supply is low.
3. Customer Support and Satisfaction. IT also makes it easier to
provide customer’s satisfaction through improved customer service,
easier customized marketing and e-commerce.
4. Decision Making. Information Technology such as ERP software
and decision support systems help managers see company
performance data in real time so that they can make more informed
decisions. Such software presents an online dashboard with
information about the company's finances, customers, sales and
marketing trends and inventory levels. Managers can use the data to
decide which products to promote or stop selling, where to cut
expenses, which customers need support and when to place supply
and order the materials.

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Role of Information Technology in Modern Organization

1. Communication. Information technology allows clients and staff to

communicate using live chat systems, online meetings tools and
video-conferencing systems.
2. Inventory Management. Inventory management systems track the
quantity of each item a company maintains, triggering an order of
additional stock when the quantities fall below a pre-determined
amount. These systems are best used when the inventory
management system is connected to the point-of-sale (POS) system.
The POS system ensures that each time an item is sold, one of that
item is removed from the inventory count, creating a closed
information loop between all departments.
3. Data Management. Companies store digital versions of documents
on servers and storage devices. These documents become instantly
available to everyone in the company, regardless of their
geographical location and able to store and maintain a tremendous
amount of historical data economically, and employees benefit from
immediate access to the documents they need.
4. Management Information System. Management Information
Systems (MIS) enable companies to track sales data, expenses and
productivity levels. The information can be used to track profitability
over time, maximize return on investment and identify areas of
improvement.
5. Customer Relationship Management. Companies are using IT to
improve the way they design and manage customer relationships.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems capture every
interaction a company has with a customer, so that a more enriching
experience is possible.

Role of Information Technology in Education

1. Improved Research. There are very many online libraries that assist
teachers and students with comprehensive reading materials.
Teachers and lecturers are also able to post their work online for their
students to read. With thorough research, students also get
updated information. Every change made in the syllabus is always
revised through the internet. Students can also check what units they
are to cover in a semester through the internet.
2. Easy Access to Different Learning Resources. They help to
improve teaching skills and learning abilities of students. These
learning resources include audio and visual education. Students are
taught with projectors in classrooms or lectured through class
speakers. Students and teachers can also easily download eBooks
from the internet which can be read from anywhere through your
phone or tablet.

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 3. Helped Children with Disabilities in their Learning. For instance,
the hearing-impaired use electronic devices called hearing aids. They
can also use visual learning where sign language is used on
electronic media to enhance communication.
4. Improved Combined Learning. Information technology in education
has made it possible for learners to have study groups. Students can
now create combined ideas, solve problems and learn more through
group studies and academic forums online
5. Made Teaching More Effective. Students should also embrace it
because in the future, most of the jobs will be technologically based.

Role of Information Technology in Medical Science

1. Assist Medical Education. Computer-assisted learning (CAL),
Virtual reality (VR), Human patient simulators are some options. With
the help of college networks and Internet, the medical students as
well as the teachers may stay in contact even when they are off
college.
2. Rapid Communication. With the help of e-mails and course details,
handouts, and feedbacks can be circulated easily. Internet provides
opportunities to gain up-to-date information on different aspects of
health and disease and to discuss with colleagues in different
continents via net conferencing. Free access to Medline, various
medical journals, online textbooks and the latest information on new
development in medicine also encourages learning and research.
3. Advanced Life Support. Simulators and Haptics "the science of
touch" simulators are used in medical education to develop various
clinical skills such as ECG interpretation, appropriate intervention
such as ABC, drugs, injections, defibrillation without working on a real
patient. These days, highly sophisticated simulators "virtual reality"
with highly advanced medical simulation technologies and medical
databases are available in the advanced medical schools that expose
the medical students to the vast range of complex medical situations.
It can emulate various clinical procedures such as catheterization,
laparoscopy, bronchoscopy etc. With new technology, the students
can virtually go inside each and every organ and see how they
actually look like from outside as well as from inside.
4. Advancement of Electronic Medical Records. It allows healthcare
providers to access pertinent patient information such as medical
history, medications and insurance information.
5. Reducing Medical Errors. In response to the need to improve
patient safety, computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems
have become increasingly more common. In general, CPOE systems
force physicians to write all orders online. These systems have the
capacity to verify that written orders are correct, that is, based on a
patient profile, they can automatically check the dose and
contraindications of a specific drug. They have been shown to
dramatically reduce serious medication errors.

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Role of Information Technology in Finance

1. Enterprise Resource Planning. Even very small companies use

accounting software packages that generate financial reports such
as income statements and cash flow statements. This simple form of
IT allows a small business owner to save accounting time and have
management reports available on a timelier basis. Mid-size and
larger companies use IT systems called enterprise resource planning
or ERP, which are groups of software modules that serve the needs
of all functional areas of the company and help the company plan the
use of its resources.
2. Faster Flow of Information. IT systems allow a company to link up
every department within the organization.
3. Customized Reporting. IT systems used by the finance department
have a report generating functionality that speeds up the process of
producing management reports. The system provides a certain
degree of customization -- the reports can be configured based on
the specific needs of the management team.
4. Collaboration. The company has a centralized database that all
team members can access -- subject to certain security rules. In the
case of a company with multiple offices or international divisions, this
ability to access the same information from around the globe saves
time and improves efficiency.
5. Better Forecasting. Better forecasting means producing a forecast
that is a more accurate prediction of what the company’s financial
results are likely to be. Finance staff members need access to in-
depth information to create forecasting models that depict how the
organization actually works. Having access to information from all
segments of the company makes accurate forecasting much easier.
Finance has real information and does not have to rely on guesswork
when creating assumptions for the forecast.

Role of Information Technology in Agriculture

Role of Information Technology can be assessed by two points; a) direct

contribution to make agriculture productive, b) indirect tool for empowering
farmers to take informed and quality decisions which will have solid impact on
the way agriculture and related activities are conducted.

Information Technology made new methods for modern agriculture like

computerized farm machinery is used for fertilizer, pesticides and tillage
operation. Electronic sensors and identification systems are used to fed and
monitor the farm animals. Selling crop or buying seed and pesticides online is
adapted by the world. However, in Pakistani farmers are not so much educated
that they use the internet facilities, extension workers should educate them
about the use and importance of IT.

15
Here are some specific ways Information Technology being applied through
agricultural education:

• Basic Internet Applications

• PowerPoint Presentations and Microsoft excel
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
• E-Commerce

The indirect benefits of IT in empowering farmer are significant and remain

to be exploited. Presently farmers require some reliable sources to take
decisions. Farmers don’t have the information about climate change and the
change of environment which majorly affect the crop production. Therefore, IT
knowledge is necessary to remain competitive.

Effects of IT on Agriculture:

• Right decisions
• On time field operations
• Better planning
• Community involvement
• Agriculture for everyone
• Conservation of food
• Change in cropping pattern
• On time harvesting

All that farmer need is to make their minds and switch to the modern
agriculture. Today, world is taking benefit of new agriculture innovations and
improve on farm production. Moreover, IT helps the farmer to remain in touch
with international and national markets. It will definitely improve the livelihood
of farmers.

Role of Information Technology in Banking Industry

1. E-banking. Electronic banking is generally an extension of traditional

banking, using the internet as an electric delivery channel for banking
products and services. E-banking is a range of banking services that
utilizes electronic equipment and includes Telephone banking, Net
Banking, ATM, Debit/Credit Card. EFT, AFT etc. Many banks have
modernized their services with the facilities of computer and
electronic equipments. The electronics revolution has made it
possible to provide ease and flexibility in banking operations to the
benefit of the customer. The e-banking has made the customer say
good-bye to huge account registers and large paper bank accounts.
2. NRI Banking Services. This technology has been embraced in other
countries like India, USA, UAE, and many others. Many people go
abroad to work and they need to support their families. So,
technology has made it simple for them to send money to their loved
ones easily.

16
 3. Rural Banking. Unlike in the past when banking centralized in urban
areas, now day’s technology has made it simple to set up banking
facilities in rural areas.
4. Plastic Money. Credit cards or smart cards like “VISA ELECTRON”
have made the banking industry more flexible than before. With a
credit card, a costumer can borrow a specific amount of money from
the bank. Then with the “Smart Cards” like visa electron, a costumer
can pay for anything using that card.
5. Self-inquiry Facility. A costumer can use their ATM card to know
their account balance or to get their bask statement.
6. Remote Banking. Banks have installed ATM machines in various
areas. This facility has also enabled anytime banking, because a
costumer can use ATM machines to deposit money on their
accounts.
7. Centralized Information Results to Quick Services. This enables
banks to transfer information from one branch to another at ease.
8. Signature Retrieval Facilities. Banks use technology in verifying
signatures before a costumer withdraws large amount of money on a
specific account and this reduces on the errors or risks which might
arise due to forgery.

Role of Information Technology in Communication

1. Easy way for product and service surveying. Surveys are simply
done through the internet. This is a fast and efficient method that saves
the company time and money.
2. Social interaction with clients. Through business technology,
companies can open official company websites through which
customers are encouraged to visit. Through these websites, the
company interacts with the customers. Customers can give their
comments on particular issues and after that get a comprehensive
response from the company’s support team.
3. Video conferencing. Allows long distant one-on-one communication
among members of an organization or business. Video conferencing can
be used in the business meeting.
4. Use of digitalized networks to communicate. Broadband and satellite
transmissions enable efficient business communications through office
phones or sending a file to a specific printer when you are miles away
from the office.
5. Text messaging services. In the olden days, letters used to be written
posted and took several weeks or months before reaching the recipient.
These days texts enable you to send messages by the touch of a button
at any corner of the world.
6. Social networking platforms. Social network platforms have caused a
360 degrees shift in the way we interact. Through platforms such as
Instagram, Facebook, Twitter among others users can communicate
through comments, likes or even their profiles and status. These
platforms break the barrier of religion, distance or race and allow global
communication.

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 7. Free internet calls. Through several social media sites free calls can be
made without carrier charges by simply having an internet connection.
Free internet calls are offered by sites such as WhatsApp or even Skype.

Learning Activities

Activity 1

Accomplish this Learning Bank

Directions: Complete the table below by filling-in the Deposit/s (What you learn)
and the Dividend/s (How you use your learning in life).

Deposit/s Dividend/s
(What I learned) (How I use what I learned in my life)

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CATEGO 2 - Approaching
4 - Above Standards 3 - Meets Standards 1 - Below Standards Score
Standards
RY
Sentence All sentences are Most sentences Most Most sentences
Structure well-constructed are well- sentences are not well-
with varied constructed and are well constructed or
structure. there is some constructed, varied.
varied sentence but there is
structure in the no variation
essay. is structure.
Grammar Author makes no Author makes 1-2 Author Author makes
& errors in errors in makes 3-4 more than 4
Spelling grammar or grammar or errors in errors in
spelling that spelling that grammar or grammar or
distract the distract the spelling that spelling that
reader from the reader from the distract the distract the
content. content. reader from reader from the
the content. content.
Sequenci Arguments and Arguments and A few of the Many of the
ng support are support are support support details or
provided in a provided in a details or arguments are
logical order that fairly logical order arguments not in an
makes it easy that makes it are not in an expected or
and interesting to reasonably easy expected or logical order,
follow the to follow the logical order, distracting the
author\'s train of author\'s train of distracting reader and
thought. thought. the reader making the essay
and making seem very
the essay confusing.
seem a little
confusing.
Transitio A variety of Transitions show Some The transitions
ns thoughtful how ideas are transitions between ideas
transitions are connected, but work well, but are unclear OR
used. They there is little some nonexistent.
clearly show how variety connections
ideas are between
connected ideas are
fuzzy.

Sentence All sentences are Most sentences Most Most sentences

Structure well-constructed are well- sentences are not well-
with varied constructed and are well constructed or
structure. there is some constructed, varied.
varied sentence but there is
structure in the no variation
essay. is structure.
Grammar Author makes no Author makes 1-2 Author Author makes
& errors in errors in makes 3-4 more than 4
Spelling grammar or grammar or errors in errors in
spelling that spelling that grammar or grammar or
distract the distract the spelling that spelling that
reader from the reader from the distract the distract the
content. content. reader from reader from the
the content. content.

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Activity 2

Write Me In!

Directions: Write a paragraph about your personal experiences on how

technology influenced in your life. Use the rubrics below.

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________

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 Lesson 3
Information Technology in Media Industry

Learning Outcomes

1. Explain the information technology in media industry by

indicating its importance to their future career;
2. Mount picture of observed functions of information
technology to media industry.
3. Recommend dos and don’ts in the use of information
technology to media industry.

Content

In the advent of technology today, works in the different agencies

becomes easier. In this unit, some of the industry uses the following technology
to improve the services being offered to their respective clients; Telegraph,
Telephone, Radio, Television, Fax, Technology and the Journalist, Electronic
Mail, and Social Networking.

Telegraph

Field’s globe, from 1851- John’s and Jacob Brett of England built the first
electrical telegraph line across the English Channel, sending the first message
from England to France September 25. The Line was insulated with gutta
percha, a natural plastic discovered in the 1840s similar to rubber from the sap
of tress in Southeast Asia. The technique of woven iron wires came from the
shipbuilding industry and was used to wrap the copper center line and give the
cable strength.
1854- Cyrus Field looked at the
globe in his office and dreamed of a
telegraph across the Atlantic. With the
support of he started by building a
telegraph line in Newfoundland, the first
stage, after numerous failures, would
finally succeed in joining North American
to Europe with two cables by 1866.
1861- on October 24, Western
Union completed a single
transcontinental telegraph line from https://tinyurl.com/y2zoftrt
Washington DC to Sacramento, replaced after May 10, 1869, by a multi-wire
system build by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads, who joined at
Promontory, Utah, on May 10 create the transcontinental railroad. 1869- A
French company added a third transatlantic cable, linking North America with
France.

21
 1872- Undersea telegraph cables reached Japan, China, India, and
Australia.

Telephone

March 10, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell

invented the telephone in Boston using a liquid
transmitter, and by October 8 was able to transmit
human speech a distance of 2 miles.
1878- The first telephone exchange with 21
https://tinyurl.com/y2 telephones opened January 28 in New Haven CT.
pn33m2
Telephone’s Impact on Society

a. It is used at home, business and in education.

b. It is a source of entertainment and a vital resource to
the illiterate as well as the academic elite.
c. The telephone was promoted on the grounds that it
would increase wealth, employment, and improved
means of communication.
d. It has led to the creation and destruction of jobs.
e. It provides security and help in emergency situations.
f. It changed the social relationship and social interaction.

Telephone’s Impact on Reading and Writing

a. The telephone has created a generation that has a

strong sense for listening to the spoken words and into
a group of audience just as reading written or printed
texts.
b. It is more spontaneous and an effective way to access
information than writing or reading.
c. It is a device to use even for those who do not know
how to read or write.
d. Communication through telephone grants more privacy
as it provides anonymity without the need for written
records or documentation.

22
Radio

Date/Year Significant Development

Gugleilo Marconi made his first experimental wireless tests
from the Shepherness Stone in Salvan, Switzerland,
1895
transmitting a spark signal 1.5 kilometers while he was visiting
the local health resort to recover from a respiratory ailment.
December Marconi at signal Hill in Newfoundland, received the first
12, 1901 transatlantic radio transmission.
Valdemar Poulsen in Denmark used arc converter that he had
invented in 1902 to transmit continuous-wave radio signals to
1904
Britain. Arc transmitters would be used in radio until the
development of the vacuum tube.
January 25, AT&T completed the first transcontinental telephone line
1915 between New York City and San Francisco.
October 20, The first transatlantic radio transmission was made between
1915 Arlington VA and the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
KDKA radio station in Pittsburgh began regular commercial
1920 radio broadcasting with the presidential election returns on
November 2. 1922
The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) was formed for radio
October 18, broadcasting. David Sarnoff of RCA created the National
1920 Broadcasting Network (NBC) in 1926, and William S. Palely
created the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1928.
The Detroit Police Dept. began the first one-way mobile radio
April 7,
system in the U.S. to send radio messages from a central
1928
transmitter to police cars equipped with receivers.
the Bayonne NJ Police Dept. began a two-way AM radio
1933
system
1940 The state of New Jersey adopted FM radio for police use.

Television

Contribution of TV to people’s everyday

life:

1. It is one of the best inventions the man

has ever made.
2. It enriches the intellect.
3. It becomes the source of information by
watching documentaries, science
programs, and discussions and by learning
https://tinyurl.com/y4skx2z8 the most important issues of the day.
4. It gives opportunity to see the best
actors/actress, sport matches, and to meet famous people.
5. It helps us to relax after a hard day’s work by watching
entertainment shows.

23
 Date/Year Significant Development
The BBC began regular broadcasting using Baird’s 30-line
August 22,
system until Nov. 2, 1936, when it changed to an electronic
1932
405-line system.
The RRG in Germany broadcast the Olympic Games in Berlin
1938
with a 180-line electronic system
Nov 30, Frank B. Jewett of AT&T used the first coaxial cable to speak
1936 by telephone with FCC officials in Washington.
AT&T introduced the first commercial mobile radio-telephone
June 17,
service in the U.S. operating on six channels in the 150 MHz
1946
band.
1954 Computer network started as air defense system
At &T with the British General Post Office built TAT-1, the first
1956 transatlantic telephone cable, composed of two lines each
transmitting 36 telephone channels in one direction.

Fax

Date/Year Significant Development

Xerox introduced a small practical fax machine able to transmit
1966
a document over existing telephone lines in six minutes.
The first fax machine was invented by Alexander Bain in 1843
and improved by Giovanni Caselli for the French Post &
1843
Telegraph agency that used Caselli’s “pantelegraph” to
communicate between Paris and Marseilles in the 1860s.
Hummel invented the Telediagraph that found long use in
newspapers such as the New York Herald and St. Louis
Republic. Arthur Korn invented telephotography in 1902 and
1895
sent the first photo by electrical facsimile transmission from
Munich to Berlin in 1907.

Edouard Belin in France invented the Belinograph that used a

1907 light beam to scan a cylinder to convert an image into electrical
impulses, and sent his first fax from Paris to Lyon.
The Belinograph was widely used for newspapers and
businesses and government agencies, for the AT&T Wirephoto
1920s in 1925 and the RCA Radiophoto in 1926, and became the
foundation for the modern fax machine that finally achieved
widespread use by the late 1980s
Corning Glass began research to develop an optical cable,
1967
succeeding in transmitting over one kilometer by 1970 .

Technology and the Journalist

Many newspaper reporters and managers doubt their jobs will change
much because of technology, feeling that it will merely offer them new ways to
express their thoughts. Even as they report on changes in society, reporters
often seem indifferent to changes in their own profession.
But the fact remains that journalist rely on tools, at least and a pad of
paper, to do their jobs. Without basic technology, there would be no journalism,
24
which has never been independent of the processes used to accomplish it.
Journalists must appreciate that the tools of the trade help define the trade, and
that technology and journalism principles are related. Probably the printer-
editors who founded American journalism- the Franklins, Benjamin Harris, and
the Bradfords- had a better sense of this than our modern reporters do.
Today, the most obvious example of the importance of new technology
is the video display terminal (VDT), which shifts typesetting responsibilities to
the newsroom. The journalist may think of a VDT as an enhanced typewriter,
but its historical significance goes far beyond that: it involves the journalist in
production once again. Today, whole categories of journalistic endeavor can be
traced to technology. National newspapers, for example, are possible because
of the advances in satellite personal computers to file stories back home.

Electronic Mail

Electronic mail (E-mail) is a system for sending messages or files to the

accounts of other computer users. The sender and recipient may be on the
same or a different computer, Electronic mail works very much like regular
postal mail. Every user on the network has a private mailbox. Once received,
your mail is kept for you until you decide to discard it.

Social Networking

When people think of social

networking, they often are
considering the biggest public
Web sites and apps- Twitter,
Pinterest, LinkedIn and so on.

These networks share several

attributes in common:

1. Membership. Social nets all

generally require users to
https://tinyurl.com/yyljnkws register names and accounts.
While many public networks offer
free registration, some charge
fees at least for their premium services.
2. Content contribution. These networks enable members to easily
share comments, photos, and/or movies with others.
3. Frequent return visits. A healthy social net centers around a base of
members who check in regularly for new updates and also to
contribute theirs.
4. Human relationship building. The common goal of most social
networks is enabling the interactions that build stronger connections
among communities of people.

25
The Usefulness of Social Networks

Besides being a fun place to relax and meet with people, social
networking brings some extremely useful benefits to individuals and
communities:

a. Group information sharing over long distances

b. Broadcast announcements
c. Fostering diversity of thought

Why Some Social Networks Fail

a. Ability to grow a dedicated community of members.

b. Ability to make money for its creators.
c. Staying fresh

Learning Activities

Activity 1

Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the table by providing an explanation on the different

information technology to media industry. Indicate its importance to your career.
You can use an extra sheet if necessary.

Media Industry My Explanation

1. Telegraph

2. Telephone

3. Radio

26
4. Television

5. Fax

6. Technology and the

Journalist

7. E-mail

8. Social Networking

27
Activity 2

Cut Me Out!
Directions: Look for pictures in an old newspaper or magazine and cut them
out. Make a collage depicting the functions of information technology to media
industry. Use a short (8x11”) bond paper for this activity.

Activity 3

I Recommend!
Directions: In the advent of technology today, many have misused its right
function to oneself. Write at least 10 DOS and DONTS recommendations for
the students like you and to the young individuals.

DO DON’T

28
Multiple Choice Test
____ 1. The following are words in information technology in everyday life
EXCEPT;
a. Computer
b. Methods
c. Social Media
d. Communication
____ 2. Internet consist of thousands of connected computer networks around
the world. Which term does NOT refer to Internet?
a. net
b. On-line
c. “cyberspace”
d. “Information Superhighway”
____ 3. A modern phenomenon which let you promote your products or
services all over the world.
a. Digital marketing
b. Communication
c. E-banking
d. Inventory management
____ 4. It is a major sector which is vital for the survival of modern man.
a. Education
b. Business
c. Medical
d. Agriculture
____ 5. Which one exemplifies the Philippines adaptation of IT in education?
a. The provision of personal computers to schools
b. The training of teachers on ICT
c. The integration of ICT in the curriculum
d. The online submission of reports
____ 6. When was the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) was formed for
radio broadcasting David Sarnoff of RCA created the National Broadcasting
Network (NBC) in 1926, and William S. Palely created the Columbia
Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1928?
a. October 20, 1915
b. October 18, 1928
c. April 7, 1928
d. January 25, 1915
____ 7. Who invented the telephone?
a. Alexander Graham Bell
b. Gugleilo Marconi
c. Frank B. Jewett
d. Alexander Bain

29
____ 8. It is a system for sending messages or files to the accounts of other
computer users.
a. Fax
b. Telegraph
c. Social Networking
d. Electronic Mail
____ 9. Which of the following is NOT an attribute of social networking?
a. Membership
b. Broadcast Media
c. Content Contribution
d. Human relationship building
____ 10. Which of the following statements is not true about the contribution of
television to people?
a. TV is one of the best inventions the man has ever made.
b. TV enriched the intellect.
c. TV becomes the source of information by watching documentarie,
science programs, discussions and by learning the most important
issues of the day.
d. None of the above.

30
 Unit 2
Information Technology in Education

Learning Outcomes \
What do I want to know?
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:
will I learn?
· Discuss the concept of information technology in education.
What I have learned?
· Evaluate the advantages disadvantages of IT in education.
· Create a video that will show the significance of IT in Education.

Pretest

K-W-H-L Chart
Directions: Using the K-W-H-L chart kindly write what do you know about
moral development, what do you want to know, how you will learn this topic and
what you have learned.

What do you What do I want to How will I learn? What I have

know? know? learned?

31
 Lesson 1

CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

· Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating

learning and improving performance by creating, using, and
managing appropriate technological processes and resources.
· Information technology in education has improved and has also
brought about an easy access to different.
· Today knowledge and information are the main keys of obtaining the
productivity, competition, wealth and comfort learning resources.

WHAT IS IT?
· Information technology is referred to the knowledge process and its
applying methods, processing, transferring and making information
in progress.
· Technology has enabled students to accent the out-of-class
information and this has caused the increase of their motivations
for learning.

· One of the information systems roles in the education is ensuring that

we can provide our necessary information when it is needed.
· Some predictions suggest that IT ends in the developing and the
others believe that new information technologies will help
international accord (mutual understanding), peace and
brotherhood.
· Efficiency in these technologies depends on political, cultural,
economic, technical factors and progression level of software’s and
the quality of its being institutionalized and the use of it.

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
· Technology in the classroom with in the School is an increasing fact
in today’s world
· The best way to incorporate technology into the classroom is to add
to what is already being done.

UTILITY OF TECHNOLOGY
· Computer use allows for better student time on task. The students
show increased attentiveness for longer lengths of time when
learning through use of technology.
· Students are more likely to be engaged in learning during interactive
multimedia technology.
· Computer use as a tool for more individualized instruction for the
student.

32
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
· The first is to be careful not to use the computer as a babysitting
device for a student.
· The computer items and materials can be expensive. The wrong
choice in software can be straining to school budgets. Most
educational communities want evidence that the technology they
are investing in is worth the investment.
· The teachers must have adequate training in technology for the
technology itself to be successful.
· Finally, the computer should be looked upon as an additional
instructional resource not a sole instructional resource.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATION

· Many schools, technology developers, and researchers now use
technologies to “enhance” education by making the achievement of
traditional objectives more efficient.
· Education is increasingly perceived as the process of creating,
preserving, integrating, transmitting and applying knowledge.
· The perceptions of knowledge itself have also changed whereas
knowledge could once have been perceived as unchanging; it
should now be perceived as “revisionary, creative, personal and
pluralistic”.
· The future of education is not predetermined by modern information
technology, but rather that this “future will hinge prominently on how
we construct the place of technology” in the education process

BENEFITS TO EDUCATION MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

· Reliable and secure software

· Complete Automation of operations
· Helps on Decision making for the Management
· Can manage Multiple Campuses
· Scalable, Customizable and Supports Multiple Modules
· Parents have access to all academic information about their wards
through the internet
· Easy performance monitoring of individual modules leading to
uncomplicated
· Error detection
· Automated and quick report generation along with process
turnaround time
· Centralized data repository for trouble-free data access
· Authenticated profile dependent access to data
· User friendly interface requiring minimal learning and IT skills
· High level data security
· Design for unproblematic scalability
· Elimination of people-dependent processes
· Minimal data redundancy

33
IT ROLE IN UNDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
· The growth of it in developed and undeveloped countries, especially
in the case of collective communication brings about new
opportunities in education.
· Less-developed and developing countries, generally are worried about
their being fallen behind “Information Revolution”, especially in
education.
· This concern causes that large part of government financial facilities is
consumed for buying the newest kinds of technology without
considering the preparation for absorbing and using its advantages.

IT IN EDUCATION OF GLOBALIZATION
· What is obvious is that schools can be viewed as the most important
channels for providing awareness of IT.
· Students not only will be changed to active generation of IT in the
future, but also will be able to play an important role in promoting IT
culture in the society and family environment.

IT AND THE REQUIREMENT OF CHANGING EDUCATION

· Advent of PC personal computers and extent access to the internet
establishes an environment making global education systems
obliged to change their education structure in major ways.
· Its primary purpose should be increasing the human power against
changes, i.e. someone can adapt to continuous change, observing
economy, quickly.
· Society does not view IT only as an economic variable and political
lever, but as a possibility for changing education through IT. So, one
can suppose proposed patterns of IT in education as center on nature
of knowledge, functional techniques and a controlling criterion in
society.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN

EDUCATION
· In new education, what is worthy of knowing and what is necessary is
stoned. Not the learning of all information.
· In new education, the teacher helps the student to obtain, select,
evaluate and store the information by the use of vast scope of
sources.
· Printed magazines and books are knowledge sources; the drafts
determined for writing and publishing are replaced by online books
and magazines.

34
ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATIONAL SOCIETY
· Enriching spare time
· Enabling teleworking.
· Providing new opportunities for raising national productivity and
competitive atmosphere.
· Increasing employment Life-long education.

IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

· access to variety of learning resources
· immediacy to information
· anytime learning
· anywhere learning
· collaborative learning
· multimedia approach to education
· authentic and up to date information
· access to online libraries
· teaching of different subjects made interesting
· educational data storage
· distance education
· access to the source of information
· multiple communication channels-email, chat, forum, blogs, etc.
· access to open courseware
· better accesses to children with disabilities
· reduces time on many routine tasks

NEED OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

· Education is a lifelong process therefore anytime anywhere access to
it is the need
· Information explosion is an ever increasing phenomena therefore there
is need to get access to this information
· Education should meet the needs of variety of learners and therefore
IT is important in meeting this need
· It is a requirement of the society that the individuals should possess
technological literacy
· We need to increase access and bring down the cost of education to
meet the challenges of illiteracy and poverty-IT is the answer.

35
 Lesson 2

SIGNIFICANCE OF IT IN EDUCATION

· IT aids plenty of resources to enhance the teaching skills and learning

ability.
· The integration of information technology in teaching is a central matter
in ensuring quality in the educational system.

DUE TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS THERE ANY CHANGES IN

DELIVERY SYSTEM?

· There is some evidence that technology has a significant effect on the

structure of organization.
· In remote areas where networking is not available or may not prove
cost effective CD-ROMS run on a multimedia PC are treated to be
the best option of taking business education.
· Computers play a useful role in creating learning material.
· Multimedia computer can be used for training in a one-tone situation
with the student.
· Computer based learning provides them an opportunity for self-growth
rather than being taught which stimulates them as they themselves make
an appraisal of their achievements in the learning process.
· It is now realized that IT tools have some relative advantages as
compared to conventional mode of information sharing.

ACCESS TO VARIETY OF LEARNING RESOURCES

· Immediacy to information
· Anytime Learning
· Collaborative Learning

MULTIMEDIA APPROACH TO EDUCATION

· Audio-Visual Education, planning, preparation, and use of devices and
materials that involve sight, sound, or both, for educational purposes.
· Authentic and up to Date Information
· Online Learning
· Online learning is a term used to describe distance or correspondence
courses that are offered over the Internet.
· There are five main reasons behind the growth in online learning:
access, efficiency, stability, cost, and technology
· There are two types of online course access; open and restricted.
· Open access allows virtually anyone with an Internet browser to view
the course material.
· The other type of online courses are restricted access courses.
Restricted access is used to limit the class to registered students.

36
DISTANCE LEARNING

· Distance Learning, method of learning at a distance rather than in a

classroom.
· The term distance learning was coined within the context of a
continuing communications revolution, largely replacing a hitherto
confusing mixed nomenclature home study, independent study,
external study, and, most common, though restricted in pedagogic
means, correspondence study.
· Distance learning is attractive for several reasons, including
convenience, flexibility, and pace.
· One disadvantage is the lack of social interaction.
· When choosing a distance education program, students should
evaluate the course content and the institution’s accreditation
· Better access to children with disabilities.

E-Learning

· E-learning is another term for online learning. As long as someone has

access to a computer and a network, the ability to learn via the
Internet is vast and can happen at any hour of the day without having
to physically attend a class.
· There are advantages and disadvantages.
· To know if e-learning is for you, consider the classes that are available
as well as if keeping up with the schoolwork without constant
reminders from a teacher is going to work.

ONLINE LEARNING COMMUNITY

An online learning community is a website or series of websites used to

create a community on the Internet in which people can learn and develop in a
structured or semi-structured way.

MOBILE LEARNING

Mobile learning is a type of distance education that allows people to learn

from curriculum presented on mobile devices.

E-CONFERENCING
The most common kind of e conferencing is the Internet chat, otherwise
known as Internet Messaging or simply

The most common kind of e conferencing is the Internet chat, otherwise

known as Internet Messaging or simply

37
 Lesson 3
USES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION

· Both education and learning are life time processes, they have no limit on
when to start and stop.
· Plenty of Educational Resources
· Instant Access to Educational Information
· Full Time Learning
· Group Learning
· Use of Audio Visual
· Long Distance Learning

IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

· Changes to Learning
· Changes to Teaching
· Information Technology and the Purpose of Education
· Information Technology and the potential of education
· Information technology frees education institutions from the constraints of
space and time, and enables the delivery of education services
anywhere, anytime.
· Changing the educational institution

38
Learning Activities
Activity 1. Essay
Directions: Discuss the concept of educational technology in terms of its
function in times of Covid-19 pandemic. See appendix B for rubrics.
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39
Activity 2. Fishbone Diagram
Directions: Using the fishbone diagram below, evaluate what are the
advantages and disadvantages in terms of IT integration in education.

Activity 3. Video Production

Directions: Find a partner in your home. Together create a video that would
show/portray the importance of IT in education. Then download it on YouTube.
See appendix B for rubrics of this activity.
Mechanics:
· The length of the video is minimum of 3 minutes and maximum of 5
minutes including the introduction and the credits.
· The video should not contain violence, harm, or any rated SPG
content.
· The casting should only involve 3 persons, the student as the main
actor and the rest are supporting.

40
Mastery Test
I. True or False
Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write T on the space
provided before each item if the statement is correct and F if the statement is
false.
___________1. Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of
facilitating learning and improving performance by creating,
using, and managing appropriate technological processes and
resources.
___________2. Advancement of information technology in education has
improved libraries.
___________3. Information technology in education has improved and has
also brought about an easy access to different learning
resources
___________4. Today knowledge and information are the main keys of
obtaining the productivity, competition, wealth and comfort.
____________5. Information technology is referred to the knowledge process
and its applying methods, processing, transferring and making
information in progress.
____________6. Industry has enabled students to accent the out-of-class
information and this has caused the increase of their motivations
for learning
____________7. One of the education system roles in the education is
ensuring that we can provide our necessary information when it
is needed.
____________8. Technology in the classroom with in the School is an
decreasing fact in today’s world.
____________9. Students are more likely to be disengaged in learning during
interactive multimedia technology.
____________10.The future of education is not modified by modern
information technology

41
Mastery Test (Cont..)
II. Categorization
Directions: Follow the instruction indicated on each column.

Choices COLUMN A COLUMN B

(On this column, write (On this column, write
the letter of your the letter of your
choices that belong to choices that do not
each other) belong to the group)

A. Reliable
B. Safety
C. Error Detection
D. Scalable

A. Anytime Learning
B. Collaborative Learning
C. Anywhere learning
D. Everywhere Learning

A. Access
B. Technology
C. Information Revolution
D. Stability

A. Full time Learning

B. Long Distance Learning
C. Use of audio visual
D. Usage for instructional
revolution.

A. Automate student
attendance
B. Zero redundancy
C. Cost Effective
D. Best possible resource
optimization.

42
 Unit 3
Information Technology in Business

Overview
The business sector produces and services for profit. Information
technology describes any technology used to create, process and disseminate
information that is critical to business performance. Information technology is
important to the business sector as a management tool to optimize the
processing of information to produce goods and services for profit.
Computers and information systems are essential parts of every
business today. Like accounting and legal, every business needs to invest in
technology in technology to compete. Technology is both a cost of doing
business, and an opportunity to do more business. Most people talk with
recognize the necessity of having a computer, an email address, and a website
but still look at the upfront of the issues.
As technology continues to develop, the uses of information technology
in business increase. IT has made it possible for many businesses worldwide
to run successfully. In this unit it will be discuss its benefits and its potential
limitations.

43
 Lesson 1
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. Write a 250-word essay on one’s definition of information

technology and communications technology in business;
2. Identify and explain the advantage/s of information and
communications technology in business; and
3. Create a multimedia presentation and present a personal guidelines
to consider in choosing a computer hardware and software in
business.

Pretest

Directions: Write CORRECT if you agree with statement and INCORRECT if

you disagree.
1. IT budget are typically limited, availability is a challenge as well.1. ____
2. Technology brings businesses closer to customers. 2. ____
3. Cell phones have become business necessities for owners
and employees. 3. ____
4. Telecommunications comes from Greek word meaning
“far off” and “information exchange”. 4. ____
5. Podcasting involves the distribution of digital audio or video
files over the Internet. 5. ____
6. A DBMS can reduce the time taken to enter data and
retrieve information. 6. ____
7. Databases are not a new invention. 7. ____
8. Networking lets you share computing power and divvy up
your workload among different systems. 8. ____
9. One of the best business investments today is broadband
Internet access. 9. ____
10. IT has made it possible for many businesses worldwide to run
successfully. 10. ____

44
Introduction

All businesses need to process data to provide the information essential

to support business decision making. Information such as sales figures,
financial business accounts, customer details, purchase orders and payroll
details are required to tell the business owner whether sales are rising or falling,
the level of cash flow, whether invoices are being sent out on time, whether
accounts are being paid on time, and whether employees are paid the correct
amounts. Data such as copies of receipts and credit card vouchers, cheque
butts, invoices, copies of payslips and other documents are used to provide this
information.
In the past, the processing of business data was done manually with
handwritten records – a slow and often inaccurate process. In addition,
communication with customers and other businesses is also essential.
However, both the processing of data to provide information and the ability of
businesses to communicate have been transformed by the use of computers
and the spread of information and communications, technology (ICT).

Process Improvement

Information technology (IT) includes the management information

systems (computers, hardware, software, networks) used to automate and
support business tasks and decision-making. IT is used to automate simple,
routine tasks such as word processing and advanced processes such as
production, scheduling and logistics. In this manner, Information technology
enables businesses to operate efficiently and profitably.

Cost Reduction

Automation improvements achieved by developing information

technology usually decrease the number of personnel required. Economies of
scale gained through the deployment of information technology reduce the
overall cost for business to produce products and services. This has an
overwhelming positive effect on the financial goals of a business.

45
Quality Assurance

Quality assurance entails systematic testing to ensure that a business is

producing quality goods and services for its customers. It can be used within
processes such as marketing, customer support and accounting, as well as
product testing. The effective and efficient processing of information related to
achieving quality assurance goals is key to the delivery of quality goods and
services to business customers.

Communications

The business sector must communicate internally with its workers and
externally with its suppliers and customers on an efficient basis. Information
technologies including word processing, publishing software, email, internal
computer networks, and Internet facilitate these communications. Mobile
devices including PDAs and Internet-based social media networks are evolving
as contemporary information technology platforms for business
communications and becoming strategic to the business sector.

Competitive Intelligence

Information technology has become fundamental to acquiring

competitive advantage. The combination of process improvements, cost
reductions, communications and quality assurance will contribute to the
competitive advantage of a business unit. Evolving Internet aggregation
technologies, including social networks, blogs and subscription databases, are
becoming important tools needed to achieve and maintain advantages within
the business sector.

Computers and Other Business Hardware

Successful business owners have realized that they need to keep

abreast of developments in computer technology, and their application to
business. Most businesses also make use of a number of other machines to
assist in the smooth running of the business, and majority of these now
incorporate computer technology.

46
Common Used Examples of Business Hardware

1. Cash Register. These were invented to keep track of cash coming into
the business and were originally operated mechanically. Cash registers
can also be connected to barcode readers and EFTPOS terminals. By
connecting the cash register to an integrated computer system, it is also
possible to track the quantities of goods sold, and assist with stock
control and reordering.
2. Telephone system / switchboard. Most businesses requires telephone
system which allows employees in different parts of the business
premises to communicate easily with each other, while also allowing
outgoing calls to be made from any extension, and the easy are still
widely used, most new systems use voice over Internet protocol (VoIP).
3. Printers, copiers, faxes and scanner. The tasks of printing a document
from a computer, making photocopies, sending faxes, and scanning
documents were carried out using separate and different devices.
Business has the advantage of having all these tasks performed by one
machine. The printer / scanner / copier will usually also use Wi-Fi so that
it does not have to be physically connected to a computer or network.
Documents can be scanned and sent directly to a PC, tablet or phone.
Printing can be done from within Wi-Fi range of the printer, or from
anywhere using an app installed on a smartphone.
4. Portable devices. The use of smartphones and other mobile devices
now dominates social communication technology. Many business
owners will make use of technology that can be taken away from the
business. Laptop or notebook computers, mobile phones and handled
computers known as personal digital assistants (PDAs) have been in
popular use since the 1990s.

Choosing a PC

In selecting the right computer for your business, you need to makes
sure that you are looking a business class PCs. It is one that includes various
connectivity components like built-in Ethernet and the software utilities to
manage networking, as well as the slots, bays and ports needed to expand
memory, storage and business peripherals. Memory, more storage, and higher
resolution or larger display does not only make computing more pleasant, but
also enhance productivity.

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Guidelines in Choosing a PC

CPU. Starting with the brains of the computer of the central processing unit, the
system must be powered by Intel Pentium 4 or equivalent Athlon XP class
processor from Advanced Micro Devices as opposed to Celrons, Durons,
Pentium IIIs or earlier generations. System clock speeds have been soaring
high, so do not invest less than 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 or Athlon XP 2100+ machine
with 512KB od on-chip cache memory and 400MHz frontside bus for processor-
to-memory transfers. On-chip cache is critically important to your processor’s
performance.

RAM. Random Access Memory is also critically important. Considerably slower

and cheper that cache, RAM is the bucket your computer’s processor uses to
hold vast amounts of data and program instructions while it works. Consider the
minimum standard amount of RAM is always 512MB as the minimum for
business-class PC.

Hard drive. One or more physical hard drives, each of which can be divided
into multiple logical drives, are the warehouses where you store multimegabyte
programs and gigabytes worth of data. The real price differential comes with
the speed at which the platters in your hard drive spin. Make sure you don’t buy
anything slower than 7200RPM drive.

Optical drive. It is preferable to have rewritable DVD in your PC. For starters,
DVD platters hold 4.3GB instead of the 650MB of CD-ROMs. All backup
alternatives, none is so reliable, so durable and so cheap as simply copying the
contents of your hard drives to an optical drive. Any of the popular DVD rewriting
methods will be able to read your CD-ROM discs as well.

Display. These thin-line low-power alternatives to the hot, bulky monitor are
still a good deal more expensive to buy. A 15-inch LCD is the viewing equivalent
of a 17-inch monitor but has a higher resolution and is easier on the eyes. A
17-inch LCD will provide higher resolution and contrast, and a wider viewing
angle for group presentations.

Modem. One of the best business investments is a broadband Internet access.

Depending on the location, that could be via a phone company’s T1, ATM fiber
relay or DSL, or the same cable that brings content to the TV.

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Memory. Always insist that all the initial memory on a new PC be included on
a single DIMM (dual inline memory module. Insist at least one memory slot.
Storage is measured in gigabytes. Insist that a new PC have one free internal
3.5 inch storage bay that can accept another hard drive. Insist also that it has
at least one externally available 2.5 inch drive bay to add another kind of optical
drive.

Peripherals. Choose to add a different graphics adapter, a wireless networking

card, a board for an external storage device or scanner. Insist on two open PCI
slots on the smallest desktops.

Ports. The things that hang off the PC –mice, trackballs, keyboards, still and
video cameras, external drives, printers, and scanner – are relying on the new
high-bandwidth FireWire and USB 2.0 ports. Make sure that the PC has a half
–dozen of ESB 2.0 ports both front and back.

SOFTWARE

The term “software” refers to the programs which interact with

hardware to perform designated tasks. System software converts the
computer, mobile phone or other device from a collection of circuits into a useful
tool. It is usually installed by the manufacturer or supplier of the equipment.
Programming software allows the programmer to develop a completely new
program to perform a new tasks, or to modify or upgrade existing software.
Application software allows a device to perform the specific tasks that the
user requires, including word processing, preparing spreadsheets, web
browsing and sending and receiving email.

Operating System Software. This is the most basic kind of software, which is
a program such as one of Microsoft’s Windows interactions – Vista, 7 etc/ - that
controls the computer’s monitor, drives, printer, and other components and also
control how the components wok with your applications software. Most
computers come with the most up-to-date version of the software preloaded.

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Application Software. Apart from operating system software, the general
types of applications software that may find to useful include:
• Word Processing Programs. These effectively convert your computer
into a sophisticated typewriter and enable you to write and quickly edit
letters, reports and other documents. The greatest utility of these
programs is that you don’t have retype an entire document to make
corrections or changes to a few words or lines.
• Spreadsheets Programs. These programs are especially helpful in
creating budgets, business plans, financial statements, and other reports
that require mathematical calculations. The beauty of these programs is
that if you change one or more numbers in the spreadsheet report, all
related numbers are automatically adjusted. Spreadsheet programs are
a great time saver in performing “what if” scenarios with financial
projections.
• Database Management Programs. These can be store, organize,
manipulate and update large amounts of business information with the
assistance of database management programs. For example, you can
use these programs to keep track of your customers, suppliers, or
inventory levels.
• Accounting and Bookkeeping Programs. These programs run the
gamut from those that merely assist you in maintaining your financial
records to those that assist you with managing your payroll or accounts
receivable or payable to those that assist you in completing your tax
returns.
• Desktop Publishing Programs. These types of programs can be used
to help produce professional-quality layouts for your own catalogs,
newsletters, brochures, forms and other documents.

Complete Software Packages

• Shop around for an integrated software package, sometimes

known as “office suite”. Integrated packages effectively combine
several tools into a single program. For example, there are several
products on the market that combine word processing, spreadsheet and
database management functions.
• Have a program custom-made. An option obtaining applications that
will work well together if to hire a software consultant to create a custom-
made program for your business. This is more expensive than
purchasing ready-made software off the shelf, but well be worth the
investment if you can’t find existing programs that meet your specific
needs.
• Purchase industry- specific software. You may be able to purchase a
package that has been developed specifically for your industry. For
example, one industry may be particularly important for is retailers, who
tend to have very large and specific information needs.

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Learning Activities

Activity 1: Personal Definitive Essay

Directions: Based on the insights presented by the information and

communications technology in business, formulate your own definition of
information and communications technology in a personal definitive essay of
250 words. See Rubrics on Appendix B.

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Activity 2:
Directions: Identify and explain at least five (5) advantages of information and
communications technology in business. Complete the table below.
Advantages of Information Reasons
Technology

Activity 3: Multimedia Presentation

Directions: Create a multimedia presentation to present your personal
guidelines to consider in choosing a computer hardware and software in
business. Submit your output thru ____________. Refer to the Rubrics on
Appendix B.

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 Lesson 2
STRATEGIES TO SELECT APPROPRIATE HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE TO MEET BUSINESS NEEDS

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. Describe the strategies to select an appropriate hardware and software
to meet the needs in business;
2. Create a Powerpoint presentation on the chosen hardware and
software appropriate in business; and
3. Design a business strategies on how to meet the needs in business.

Introduction

To get the best value out of any new technology, the business owner
needs to consider the business’ objectives, and invest in technology that will
contribute directly to the achievement of those objectives.

For most business these would be typical objectives:

• Improved profitability, through increased efficiency and keeping costs

under control.
• Growth of the business and increased market share, by improving
customer service.
• Improved staff communication, and the exchange of information
between employees.

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 Cost-Effectiveness
Storage
Speed The price of hardware and
software has dropped Vast quantities of data can
Computers can perform significantly over the years. stored.
many calculations in a
second.

Accessibility
Speed

Data can be easily

Data can be accessed accessed and
from remote locations. manipulated to provide
specific information.

User Friendliness
Efficiency
Software programs provide
prompts’ as to what to do
or ‘menus’ from which
certain actions can be Global Reach Computers save time on
selected. record keeping.
Using the Internet, a business can
be connected to the world.

Improving Profitability

There are many technological solutions available to improve profitability

through increased efficiency and productivity. For example, word processing
software allows for the use of standardized letters and other business
documents, particularly through the use of document templates. Accounting
software provides for the quick and simple entry of transaction data to produce
accurate financial reports. Stock control software linked to sales records can
alert the relevant employees when it is necessary to reorder stock, and can
generate the necessary order forms. All of these software solutions can
enhance business efficiency and so improve profitability another important
factor in improving profitability. ”Profitability is the ability to make profit”. For
example, purchasing the necessary hardware and software to enable
videoconferencing with other businesses can save time and money that would
otherwise be spent attending meetings away from the business. The use of
VoIP allows cheaper phone calls via Internet, particularly if the business needs
to make a significant number of international calls. VoIP also allows for more
than one call to be transmitted simultaneously over the same broadband line,
cutting down the need for costly additional phone lines into the business. A
variety of smartphone applications are available to allow business owners to
access their computer network when away from the business.

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Business Growth and Increased Market Share

Improving customer service is a means of retaining customers and

attracting new business, essential for growth of the business, and increasing
market share. Strategies can include the purchase of enhanced phone
technology to make it easier for customers to communicate with the business.
A business can also set up its own web page, as well as make use of social
media such as Facebook and Twitter. If the business provides goods or
services direct to costumers’ homes or businesses, mobile, EFTPOS and credit
card readers allow salespeople to offer convenient payment options for those
customers.
It is possible to purchase integrated computer applications known as
customer relationship management software (CRMS) which can track all
contact with individual customers including inquiries, purchase orders,
deliveries, invoices issued, payments and even complaints. This allows any
employee to completely up to date with all aspects of the relationship between
the customer and the business, and respond to queries quickly and efficiently.

Communication and Information

Organizing, sharing and accessing information is essential to a

successful business. Employees must be able to contribute data to the system,
and access and exchange information – both between themselves, and with
suppliers and clients when appropriate. Internal phone systems, computer
terminals in appropriate locations, and an intranet can all assist in the
management of information within the business.
Document management software (DMS), which stores and tracks
every documents produced within the business is another example of an
integrated computer application that can be considered as part of a business
strategy to improve communication and information sharing. Portable devices
such as smartphones, laptops and tablets can all be used to allow
salespeople who work away from the business premises to access the
business’ intranet, check stock availability and complete orders.

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Possible Uses of Available Computer Software

Software such as databases, spreadsheets and presentation programs

such as PowerPoint can improve efficiency and enhance customer relations in
a business.

• Databases. Development of Database Management Systems (DBMS)

are capable of streamlining the creation and maintenance of databases,
as well as enhancing the quality and quantity of information available to
the business owner. A DBMS is made up of a set of records. A record is
all the relevant information pertaining to one person or thing. A record is
made up of a number of fields, each containing a distinct piece of data.

Business Uses of Databases

Databases have many uses in business including:

a. Managing customer and supplier records
b. Storing and maintaining records of staff payroll, leave entitlements, and
pay as you go (PAYG) taxation.
c. Maintaining records of vehicles, furniture, fittings and other equipment
used by the business.
d. Preparing a mailing list from a database of names and addresses
e. Managing stock records.

A DBMS can reduce the time taken to enter data and retrieve information.
It centralizes data storage, allowing for cross-referencing of records, and
enables the production of a variety of different types of reports and other
business documents. Efficiency and productivity can be improved dramatically,
and quick and easy access to relevant records can enhance customer relations.

• Spreadsheets. A spreadsheet consist of a grid of rows and columns that

contains either text or numerical values. It allows the operator to perform
mathematical calculations. The place where data are entered on a
spreadsheet is called a cell. It is the intersection of a row and a column.
Each cell is individually identified by its column letter and a row number.
An active cell is the selected cell into which data are to be entered or
edited.

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Three different types of data are placed in cells:
1. Label – words that represent headings or names
2. Values – numbers that will be used for calculations
3. Formulas – the equations that are needed to perform the
calculations.

Business Uses of Spreadsheets

Once the business owner and/or employees understand how to use a
spreadsheet program, specific spreadsheets can be set up to perform a number
of different purposes, including the calculation of a number of different
budgetary options, and planning for possible changes in circumstances in the
future.
The greatest advantage of a spreadsheet is that once it has been set up
with all the necessary labels, values and formulas, it automatically recalculates
totals if any number has to be changed. Suppose a business owner has a
spreadsheet of the business’ budget, and wages are expected to increase. A
number of different levels of wage increase can be entered and the spreadsheet
will apply existing formulas to calculate possible effects on the overall costs of
the business. The business owner can use this information to assist in business
planning.
• Presentation Programs. Presentation programs such as Microsoft
PowerPoint, Apple Keynote and Google Slides allow information in the
form of text and images to be presented to an audience as a slide show.
Various forms of animation allow the operator to add special effects to
increase the visual appeal of the presentation, and to hold the audience’s
interest level.

The Primary uses of presentation programs in business are:

• Promotional and marketing material. New products or services can
be presented to customers and prospective customers through a slide
show. This can be done either by having customers attend a meeting or
presentation, or by sending it as an attachment to an email to
prospective customers, allowing them to view it on their own computers.
• Staff training. Presenting information to new employees, or updating
procedures or work practices for existing staff can be made easier
through the use of a slide show presentation.
• Information for shareholders. If the business is a proprietary company,
shareholders are entitled to be presented with regular updates by the
management. A slide show presentation at a shareholders’ meeting is
an effective way of carrying out this task.

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Uses of Internet and Communications Technology

Web Pages. A web page makes use of the World Wide Web to convey
information in the form of a combination of texts, graphics, animation and video.
A number of related web pages linked together form a website. Every web page
has an address, or URL (uniform resource locator), which allows the user’s web
browser to locate that web page. This contains basic information about the
organization and a number of link to other web pages within the website which
can provide details information about the location of the business premises
(including maps and photographs), products and services available, and online
ordering facilities.
The easiest way for a business owner to get onto the Internet is to rely
on an Internet service provider (ISP). An ISP is an organization that connects
a customer (in this case a business) to the Internet via satellite, wireless or
superfast ADSL+2 broadband. The ISP usually charges a monthly fee for the
service.

Podcasts. Podcasting involves the distribution of digital audio or video

files over the Internet. As a general rule, a podcast is directed to a number of
users who subscribe to that particular podcasting service, and who receive
regular updates.
The main use of podcasts for business is for marketing and advertising
purposes. Many independent podcasters sell advertising time in the same way
as commercial radio stations. If a particular podcast is aimed at the same
audience as the target customers of a business, podcast advertising can be a
very effective way of reaching those customers. For example, a sporting food
store owner could look at advertising on a podcast aimed at vegetarians and
vegans.

SMS (short message service). It is a text message/s that can be sent

between mobile phones. If a business has employees, such as sales
representatives who are regularly away from the business premises, text
messages are a convenient and cheap way for communication to occur
between these employees and the business owner or manager.
SMS has distinct advantages over email in that messages are delivered
automatically to one or more recipients without the need for them to dial in or
log on. Text messages can also be used to alert regular customers of any
special deals on offer and notify suppliers of the arrival of a goods shipment.
Employees can notify clients if they are going to be late for an appointment. The
fact that SMS is cheaper than a normal phone call can assist a business in
containing costs.

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 Blogs. The word “blog” is an abbreviation of weblog, and refers to an
online diary or journal. It is usually possible to add comments, ask questions,
provide feedback, or share opinions on a blog. A business can use blogs in a
number of ways.
An internal blog can be established on the business’ intranet so that
there is easy communication within the business, encouraging employee
participation in decision making and allowing good ideas to be shared.
An external blogs allow communication between the business and its
existing and potential customers and suppliers. A blog of this type can be used
to announce new products or changes in trading hours, and to gather feedback
and comments from a variety of stakeholders.

The advantages for external blog are the following:

• It allows the business owner and employees to establish a reputation for
expertise, by providing detailed information on products and services.
• New ideas for products and services can be put to the public to gain
comment and feedback.
• A blog is by its nature informal, so it can present a human face to the
public and built trust with customers.

Web 2.0. This refers to the transformation of the World Wide Web into a more
creative and interactive platform for information sharing, rather than just a
means of retrieving information. The development of social networking sites,
such as MySpace and Facebook; video sharing sites, such as Youtube; and
information sharing, such as Wikipedia have made it easier for individuals and
organizations to create and share many different types of content on the web.

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Learning Activities
Activity 1: Descriptive Essay
Directions: Based on the insights presented above, formulate your own
definitive essay on the strategies to select an appropriate hardware and
software to meet the needs in business with 500-words. See Rubrics on
Appendix B.
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Activity 2: PowerPoint Presentation

Directions: Based on the concept presented above, choose a hardware and
software that is appropriate and best for a business. Provide a picture or
any proof of the chosen hardware or software and give your reasons why
it is best for you. Present your output via PowerPoint presentation. See
Rubrics on Appendix B.

Activity 3: Graphic Organizer Presentation

Directions: Use a graphic organizer and design your own business strategies
on how to meet the needs in business. See Rubrics on Appendix B.

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 Lesson 3
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGIES MAKE TO BUSINESS

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. Create an informative vlog on telecommunications and information
technologies in business.

WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the exchange of

information over significant distances by electronic means and refers to all
types of voice, data and video transmission. “Tele” comes from a Greek word
which means “far off”. The basic elements of Telecommunications include
transmitters, a signal, transmission medium and a receiver.

BENEFITS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS

1. TRANSMIT DATA

Technology transmits and stores your intellectual property and it

also comprises the means through which you connect to your partners,
suppliers and customers. It also allows your firm to gather, collate,
analyze, share and act on information in a variety of ways that ultimately
bear on your bottom line.

2. IMPROVE EFFICIENCY & PRODUCTIVITY

Telecommunications has radicalized the phrase “do more with
less.” It essentially reduces the costs of all transactions. For example,
your customers can use the phone or the Internet to make and cancel
orders without an employee being involved.

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 3. REACH MORE CUSTOMERS
One of telecommunications technology contributes is its
empowering firms to reach more customers with fewer resources and
manpower such as online credit card processing and phone payment,
virtual meetings, queued customer service lines, and remote monitoring.
The power of telecommunications technology is driving businesses out
of dense city centers and allowing people in rural and remote regions of
the world to get connected.

HOW DOES TECHNOLOGY IMPROVE A BUSINESS

a. Communication
Cell phones have become business necessities for owners and
employees. These devices are lifelines for staying in touch when on
the road and responding to customer inquiries in a timely manner.
Smartphones raise the bar with access to the Internet, email and
business applications in a small hand held device. Email, text
messaging and social networking are other advances in
communication that keep businesses connected to their customer
bases and improve internal communication within the company.

b. Marketing
Technology has freed businesses from the restrictions of prints
ads when it comes to reaching new and existing customers. Internet
marketing ranges from a simple informational website, to advertising
on search engines, to online product sales. Email marketing is an
effective and low cost method to reach a large group of people with
a newsletter, coupons or business updates. Mobile marketing is a
relatively new frontier that reaches people through text messaging,
advertising on mobile applications and offering branded applications
that tie customers into what is happening with the business in a fun
and entertaining way.

c. Productivity
Businesses need to wring every ounce of productivity out of their
operations and technology tools help employees get tasks done
more quickly. The key is to keep employees focused when using
technology and to use it appropriately with the goal of saving time.
Sometimes, a phone call may be more efficient and productive than
an email.

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 d. Customer service
Technology brings businesses closer to customers. Businesses
use email to answer questions, offer online chat to help customers
that are visiting the business website, and equip call centers with the
latest phone equipment that makes customer service agents more
efficient. Technology is powerful, but keep the people element in
mind and don’t skimp on training employees in effective customer
service techniques and the proper use of the technology.

e. Telecommuting
Many businesses now offer telecommuting and flex time as
benefits. Colleagues can stay in touch from different locations, and
when working different hours, by using email, online collaboration
tools and mobile computing devices. When in the office, workers can
share digital documents, convey information through presentations
and create training videos to bring new employees up to speed.

f. Teleconferencing
Teleconferencing over the phone is one of the simplest
conferencing methods, but advancement in recent years have
brought web conferencing to the fore that creates an extremely
interactive environment. Participants can see each other, work
together on documents and recreate the in-person meeting
experience no matter where they are in the world. This is one way
that businesses can extend their reach to include global customers
and workers.

4 WAYS ICT/TECHNOLOGY CAN IMPROVE YOUR BUSINESS

1. To improve service delivery to customers

Providing certain services online and introducing e-commerce
facilities would offer customers a more convenient and efficient
experience in delivering its services.

2. To improve your organization’s responsiveness to new

developments
ICT/technology can be a major help in terms of processing data
generated from a diverse range of channels (e.g. sales, web analytics,
inventory control, customer feedback, industry data, etc.), which, if
handled correctly, can flag developing issues and be the impetus for
important strategic decisions; and also, facilitating the implementation of
the decisions that have been made, through innovative and cost-
effective options.

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To change the basis of competition in your industry

Organizations that aim to grow their market share, improve

visibility, or wish to become the preferred vendor or service provider,
ICT/technology can be a big help achieving them. ICT/technology can
be instrumental in streamlining, optimizing and automating certain
internal processes, which can reduce delays, human error, red tape, and
the complexity of certain processes. Also, it can be used in introducing
operational efficiencies that can reduce costs and improve the bottom
line and implementing new measures that can ultimately add value to
the customer and improve his or her experience with the organization.

3. To improve your organizations overall performance

ICT can introduce a paradigm shift in organizations by helping
them to re-evaluate, among other things, what might be possible, how
they can raise the bar and perform better, and what new services and
quality standards should be introduced. One way of beginning the
process of getting more out of the technology that the organization
currently possesses, is not to focus on the devices themselves. Instead,
the priority in the first instance should be to set the goals or desired
outputs that you wish to realize, and to examine and understand current
processes or project cycles in order to be in a position to determine how
best they can be optimized with technology to achieve the desire
outcomes.

HOW TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS BUSINESS OPERATIONS

a. Productivity
Through process improvement, developing worker skills and
product development, technology tends to increase productivity in
business operations. For instance, email make communication about
business operations considerably faster and easier, increasing the
overall productivity of workers and also, customer support pages
reduces the need for personal attention and increase the productivity
of investments in these areas without sacrificing customer
experience.

b. Acceleration
Whether through faster airplanes or online data transfers,
technology tends to accelerate the rate of business operation. From
an operations standpoint, technological acceleration both forces
companies to move faster to meet consumer demands and provides
the tools for them to do so. For example, online money transfers,
Web purchasing and Internet file sharing all tend to accelerate the

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 production cycle, making the capitalization, production, sale and
distribution of goods considerably faster.

c. Globalization and Interdependence

The ease with which companies can communicate and transfer
resources on a global scale makes them more likely to conduct
business with a global web of clients and suppliers. Technology like
Internet video conferencing and instant access to economic data
from around the world makes it just as feasible to conduct business
or make investments in a neighboring town as doing so on another
continent. Technology facilitates this integration and
interdependence through improvements in transportation, logistics
and communications.

d. New technology
As technological innovation makes consumers want new types of
products, businesses have to adjust their operations to meet new
market demands. Businesses integrate new technologies, such as
computers and software packages, into their daily operations and
production cycle and provide new products such as increased mobile
compatibility for a line of electronics. Driven by consumer desires for
new technological goods and more convenient technological
services, businesses can compete with each other based on their
pace of innovation and adoption of new technologies.

e. Risks
Although adopting new technology can be very beneficial for a
business, every new technology also presents a unique set of new
risks. Without proper employee training in how to use a new software
system, for example, technology can actually decrease productivity
and even reduce employee satisfaction. The rapid migration of
personal and corporate operations data to online databases also
makes companies more vulnerable to cyber-attacks that can
adversely affect operations or shut down a business altogether.

Learning Activity

Activity 1. Vlog Making

Direction: Create a Five-minute Vlog on how telecommunications and IT

improves business operations. The Vlog created should be uploaded to the
Living in the IT Era channel in youtube. See Rubrics on Appendix B.

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 Lesson 4: CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. Identify the different challenges encountered in Information Technology
Management.
2. Create a reflection paper about the advantages and disadvantages of
information technologies.

CHALLENGES OF MANAGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

INFRASTUCTURE

1. THE AVAILABILITY CHALLENGE

Since IT budgets are typically limited, availability is a challenge
as well. The ability to properly assess and manage the needs of every
application on an ongoing basis is important to striking the right balance
between availability and spending.

2. THE FINANCIAL CHALLENGE

Even for healthy IT budgets, expenses all too often outpace
funds. This makes it critical for IT assets to be consumed in the right way
at the right time. For example, you don’t want to buy 100 terabytes of
storage when you need only 10 or 25 right now. Nor should you buy
15GB of RAM when you need five. In order to consume IT resources in
a way that doesn’t result in over-purchasing, you must have a solid idea
of what is in demand for the business at all times, and what might be
necessary for future scalability.

3. THE AGILITY CHALLENGE

Agility is strongly related to availability. As applications go from
development operations to user acceptance testing, the availability
needs of that application will change. The challenge for IT leaders is to
shift that virtual workload from, say, a private cloud on their floor to a
public cloud (and possibly back again) as needed.

4. THE CONTROL CHALLENGE

To contend with all of these challenges, IT leaders have to know
what they’re working with. Between ever changing network, system, and
application needs, many IT leaders don’t know what they really have. If
you don’t have an accurate accounting of all your IT assets, you certainly
don’t have control over them. Even for assets that are accounted for,

66
 something as simple as an out of-date run book can cause a recovery
failure. The challenges of managing IT infrastructure are all about
orchestration.

CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

1. CLOUD COMPUTING
The ability to connect large numbers of computers on a single
network, known as cloud computing, raises many challenges for IT
professionals. One of the thorniest issues is who owns the data and how
the provider is supposed to keep it—which is an important concern in
law enforcement and litigation-related requests.

2. CYBERSECURITY
Developing new strategies against cybercrime remains an
ongoing challenge for IT professionals. As in any illegal enterprise,
trends change constantly. However, the cost and complexity of cross-
border investigations means IT protection teams can’t wait for police
agencies to solve their problems—especially as cybercriminals keep
finding new ways of breaching established security protocols.

3. REMOTE MANAGEMENT
Conventional offices seem less relevant when digital
technologies, such as email, instant messaging and video conferencing,
enable employees to work remotely. As a result, IT professionals will
likely face greater pressure to keep networks running at top capacity.

4. TALENT RETENTION
Demand for specialized areas like cybersecurity sparks fierce
bidding wars that favor the largest firms. This trend leaves smaller firms
struggling to recruit talent and industry leaders like Google continually
replacing top performers who often jump ship for better offers.

ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS

1. COMMUNICATION
Rapid communications can help increase productivity, allow for
better business decision-making and ease a company’s expansion into
new territories or countries. Email servers, routers, internal company
billboards and chat services can serve as the backbone of a company’s
communications. These electronically based communication systems
are used to disseminate routine and critical business information in a
quick and efficient manner. IT equipment can be used to send business
status reports to executives, to update employees on critical business
projects and to connect with business partners and customers.

67
2. EFFICIENCY

Streamlined work flow systems, shared storage and collaborative

work spaces can increase efficiency in a business and allow employees
to process a greater level of work in a shorter period of time. Information
technology systems can be used to automate routine tasks, to make data
analysis easier and to store data in a manner that can easily be retrieved
for future use. Technology can also be used to answer customer
questions through email, in a real-time chat session or through a
telephone routing system that connects a customer to an available
customer service agent.

3. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Adoption of information technology resources allows companies

to maintain a competitive advantage over their rivals. Companies using
a first-movers strategy can use information technology to create new
products, distance their products from the existing market or enhance
their customer services. Companies that follow a low-cost product
strategy can look to information technology solutions to reduce their
costs through increased productivity and reduced need for employee
overhead.

4. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCIES

Companies can harness information technology resources to

lower their costs. Using IT infrastructure, redundant tasks can be
centralized at one location. For example, a large company could
centralize their payroll function at one location to lower employee costs.
Economic efficiencies can also be realized by migrating high-cost
functions into an online environment. Companies can offer email support
for customers that may have a lower cost than a live customer support
call. Cost savings could also be found through outsourcing opportunities,
remote work options and lower-cost communication options.

68
DISADVANTAGES OF IFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS

1. IMPLEMENTATION EXPENSES
Every business must consider startup costs when implementing
any type of information technology system. In addition to the cost of
hardware and software, some technology vendors require businesses to
purchase user licenses for each employee that will be operating the
system. Businesses must examine the cost of training employees in
unfamiliar technology. Although basic information technology systems
may be user friendly, advanced programs still require formal instruction
by an expert consultant. In addition to the startup expenses, information
technology systems are expensive to maintain. Systems malfunction,
and when they do, businesses must engage skilled technicians to
troubleshoot and make the necessary repairs. These expenses present
a major disadvantage of information technology in business, particularly
to businesses that are entering the technology era for the first time.

2. JOB ELIMINATION
As technology improves, tasks that were formerly performed by
human employees are now carried out by computer systems. For
example, automated telephone answering systems have replaced live
receptionists in many organizations. This leads to the elimination of jobs
and, in some cases, alienation of clients.

3. SECURITY BREACHES
Information technology systems are vulnerable to security
breaches, particularly when they are accessible via the Internet. If
appropriate measures are not in place, unauthorized individuals may
access confidential data. Information may be altered, permanently
destroyed or used for unsavory purposes.

69
Learning Activities

Activity 1. Matching Type

Direction: Choose the answer from the given options inside the box that suits
the statements below and write the letter of your choice in the space provided.

a. Availability Challenge e. Cloud Computing

b. Financial Challenge f. Cybersecurity
c. Remote Management g. Control Challenge
d. Agility Challenge h. Talent Retention

1. The organization may encounter a hard time in acquiring and

retaining human resources for IT professionals.

2. The risk for hackers and data security.

3. The company experiences financial challenges in maintaining their

Information Technology infrastructures.

4. It is the ability to connect large numbers of computers on a single

network.

5. The organization must put a lot of pressure to improve their IT

programs due to many employees located in the remote areas.

6. It is strongly related to availability.

7. Information technology infrastructures are limited.

8. Cybercrime remains an ongoing challenge for IT professionals.

9. It is one of the challenges of IT infrastructure wherein the

organization fail account their IT assets.

10. The performance of the organization’s cloud-based systems are

tied to the performance of the cloud service providers. When the provider is
down, the company is also down.

70
Activity 2. Reflection Paper

Direction: Create a reflection paper about the advantages and disadvantages

of IT in business. Submission of papers should be made via email at
kristinemae.taripe@jhcsc.edu.ph

Formatting
Font Style: Arial Narrow
Font Size: 12
Margin: Normal
Spacing: 1.5
Number of Words: Minimum of 300 words

Mastery Test

Directions: Multiple Choice. Write the correct letter in the space before the
number.

_____1. Technology that helps companies change business by allowing them

to use new methods is called:
a. Data Processing c. Information Technology
b. Information systems d. virtualization
_____2. The most dynamic change in business technology in recent years is:
a. The cost of computers
b. The move away from mainframe computers toward network systems
c. The speed of the printers
d. None of the above.
_____3. Which of the following is not an example of a way in which technology
is changing business and its relationship with employees?
a. Technology eliminates layers of management.
b. Technology is breaking down corporate barriers.
c. Technology cuts development cycles
d. Technology cuts waste.
_____4. Which of the following careers are losing workers because of the
growth of information technology?
a. Sales people c. Computer Engineers
b. Accountants d. Computer Operators
_____5. The computer program that is used to handle anything from a memo
to a multi-chapter book called a/an:
a. Spreadsheet c. Data base program
b. Accounting Program d. Word Processing Program
_____6. Technology that helps companies change by allowing them to use new
methods is called:
a. Data processing c. Information Technology
b. Information Systems d. Virtualization

71
_____7. Which of the following is not an example of a way in which technology
is changing business and its relationship with employees?
a. Technology cuts waste.
b. Technology cuts development cycles.
c. Technology eliminates layers of management.
d. Technology is breaking down corporate barriers.
_____8. A company-wide network, closed to public access, which uses Internet
type technology is called:
a. Intranet b. Internet c. Extranet d. All of the above
_____9. The usefulness of management information depends upon which of
the following characteristics?
a. Quality b. Completeness c. Timeliness d. All of the above

_____10. The most dynamic change in business technology in recent years is:
a. The speed of the printers.
b. The move away from mainframe computers toward network systems.
c. The cost of computers.
d. None of the above.
_____11. Which of the following is not a major benefit of networks?
a. Saving time and money.
b. Providing easy links across functional boundaries.
c. Allowing employees to see complete information.
d. None of the above.
_____12. The computer program that is used to handle anything from a memo
to a multi chapter book is called a/an:
a. Database program c. Accounting Program
b. Spreadsheet d. Word Processing Program
_____13. Mr. Santos wants to calculate the breakeven point for a product.
Which of the following programs would he use?
a. Database b. Spreadsheet c. Word Processor d. None of the above
_____14. Computer programs that make it possible for different brands of
computers to transfer data to each other are called:
a. Message Center Software c. Communication Software
b. Database Software d. All of the above
_____15. Which of the following is not a major issue arising out of the growing
reliance on information technology?
a. Human Resource Changes c. Security Threats
b. Profitability d. Privacy Concerns
_____16. Which of the following careers are gaining workers because of the
growth of information technology?
a. Computer Engineers c. System Engineers
b. Computer Operators d. A & C
_____17. Which of the following careers are losing workers because of the
growth of information technology?
a. Computer Operators c. Computer Engineers
b. Accountants d. Sales People
_____18. Which of the following is an advantage of telecommunicating?
a. It involves less travel time.
b. It allows companies to retain valuable employees during pregnancy.
c. It enables men and women to stay home with small children.

72
 d. All of the above
_____19. Which of the following software is free?
a. Public domain software c. Shareware
b. Spreadsheets d. A & C
_____20. The aim of an information management strategy is to:
a. Gain value from information resources.
b. Protect information resources.
c. Improve the quality of information resources.
d. None of the above.

73
 References

3G E-learning LLC. (2018).Living in the IT Era. New York

Houston Independent School District.(2019). Video Project Rubric. Retrieved

https://www.houstonisd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx
moduleinstanceid=117048&dataid=79783&FileName=VideoRubric.pdf

Learning Sciences International. (2015).Performance Assessment. Retrieved

fromwww.learningsciences.com/bookresources

Robomatter Incorporation. (2016). Savanna KWL Chart Rubric. Retrieved

http://www.tex22.info/rm/english/robotics2/vex/teacher/Content/Curricu
lum%20-
%20Robotics/Robo%202/Module%201/380%20Savanna%20Rubric(3
9).htm

74
 APPENDIX A
Answer Key

Unit 1
Pre-test
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

6. T

7. T

8. F

9. F

10. T

Post test

1. B
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. D

75
Unit 2

Mastery Test
Part I Part II
1. T COLUMN A COLUMN B
2. F
3. T A,C,D B
4. T
A,B,C D
5. T
6. F A,B,D C
7. F
8. T A,B,C D

9. F
B,C,D A
10. F

Unit 3

Pre Test

1. CORRECT
2. CORRECT
3. CORRECT
4. CORRECT
5. CORRECT
6. CORRECT
7. CORRECT
8. CORRECT
9. CORRECT
10. CORRECT

Learning Activity

Lesson 4

1. H
2. F
3. B
4. E
5. G

76
 6. C
7. A
8. F
9. D
10. E

Mastery Test

Answer Key:
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. D
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. B
16. D
17. B
18. D
19. A
20. A

77
 APPENDIX B
Rubrics
Unit 2:
Essay Rubric (Learning Sciences International, 2015)

Advance An important main idea is clearly stated. Supporting details are

relevant and convincing. How the evidence supports the main idea
is clear, reasonable, and explained in detail.

Proficient A main idea is stated. Supporting details are mostly relevant.

How the evidence supports the main idea is mostly clear and
reasonable. Some explanation is given.

Not-Proficient A main idea is not stated is not correct. Supporting details are not
relevant or are missing. How the evidence supports the main idea
is not clear, not reasonable, and/or not explained.

Scoring legend Advance=20, Proficient=14,

Non-proficient=7

Savanna KWHL Chart Rubric (Robomatter, Inc., 2016)

NO. Skills Description Evaluation

(0-1)
1 Quantity The student completes the columns with
several ideas.

2 Comprehension Student refers to details from the

reading/discussion.

3 Reflection Student refers to own

experiences/knowledge in the “K” column
and/or shows reflective thinking in what the
want to learn.

4 Critical Thinking Student’s comments are in depth and show

evidence of critical thinking.

5 Neatness KWL chart is neat and facts are orderly.

TOTAL =Raw Score x 3

78
Fishbone Rubrics
Video Production Rubrics (Houston Independent School District

Advance All ideas have been highlighted. There is a detailed analysis

and reflection.

Proficient A limited amount of key ideas had been highlighted. Reflection

and anaylysis is present.

Not Proficient Key ideas have not been highlighted. May have misunderstood
text. No analysis or reflection.

Scoring Legend Advance=20, Proficient=14, Non-proficient=7

Video Production Rubrics (Houston Independent School District,2019).

Criteria TOTAL

Organization and 0-4.5 5.0-9.5 10.0-16.0 16.5-10

Content (20 pts)
Shows little or no Some logical The sequence of Logical, intuitive and
organization of the sequence of scenes scenes and is interesting sequence of
content. and action is evident logical. Storyline is scenes and action. Clear
but is not easy to evident in much of beginning, middle, and
follow. the content. end.

Originality (20 pts) 0-4.5 5.0-9.5 10.0-16.0 16.5-20

The work is a The work is an While based on an The product shows

minimal collection extensive collection extensive collection significant evidence of
or rehash of other and rehash of other of other people’s originality and
people’s ideas, people’s ideas, ideas, products, inventiveness. The
products, images products, images and images and majority of the content
and inventions. No inventions. There is inventions, the work and many of the ideas
evidence of new little evidence of new extends beyond that are fresh, original, and
thought. thought or collection to offer inventive.
inventiveness new insights.

Subject 0-9.5 10-19.5 20-30 30.5-40

Knowledge (40
pts) Subject Some subject Subject knowledge Subject knowledge is
knowledge is not knowledge is evident. is evident in much of evident throughout
evident. Some information is the product. (more than required). All
Information is confusing, incorrect or Information is clear, information is clear,
confusing, flawed. appropriate, and appropriate, and correct.
incorrect or correct
flawed.

79
 Graphical Design 0-4.5 5-9.5 10-16 16.5-20
(20 pts
Most shots are Better use of camera More variation in Many different takes,
taken from one angles, sound effects, takes, camera camera angles, sound
camera angle and and more careful use angles, sound effects, and careful use
the zoom was not of zoom. Better audio effects, and careful of zoom provided more
well used. Poor and video quality. use of zoom variety. Focus was
quality audio and provided more excellent throughout and
video variety. Good audio audio quality was loud
components. and video quality and clear at all times.
maintained
throughout the
project.

TOTAL

Unit 3: Lesson 1

Rubrics for Assessment on Definitive Essay

Activity 1

Score
Criteria 4 3 2 1
1. The introduction effectively catches the attention of the reader and leads
into a strong statement.
2. Examples include quotes that are explained and clearly illuminate the
meaning of the term defined in the essay.
3. Body paragraphs are developed with enough detail to show how they
relate to the question.

4. Body paragraphs are arranged in a logical order that aids understanding.

5. Essay adheres to basic rules of spelling and punctuation; there is no use

of contractions.

6. Essay displays advanced use of grammar.

7. Conclusion ends the essay without introducing new questions or ideas
and is an effective ending.

Total

80
Lesson 1: Activity 3

Rubrics for Multimedia Presentation

Category 4 3 2 1
Presentation Well- Rehearsed with Delivery not Delivery not
rehearsed smooth delivery smooth, but able smooth and
with smooth that holds to maintain audience
delivery that audience attention interest of the attention
holds most of the time. audience most of often lost.
audience the time.
attention.
Attractive- Makes Makes good use Makes use of use of font,
ness excellent use of font, color, font, color, color,
of font, color, graphics, effects, graphics, effects, graphics,
graphics, etc. to enhance etc. but effects, etc.
effects, etc. to the presentation. occasionally but these
enhance the these detract often distract
presentation. from the from the
presentation presentation
content. content.
Content Covers topic Includes essential Includes essential Content is
in-depth with knowledge about information about minimal OR
details and the topic. Subject the topic but there are
examples. knowledge there are 1-2 several
Subject appears to be factual errors. factual
knowledge is good. errors.
excellent.
Organization Content is Uses headings or Content is There was
well bulleted lists to logically no clear or
organized organize, but the organized for the logical
using overall most part. organization
headings or organization of al structure,
bulleted lists topics appears just lots of
to group flawed. facts.
related
material.
Oral Interesting, Relatively Delivery not Delivery not
Presentation well- interesting smooth, but able smooth and
rehearsed rehearsed with a to hold audience audience
with smooth fairly smooth attention most of attention
delivery that delivery that the time. lost.
holds usually holds
audience audience
attention. attention.

81
 Unit 3: Lesson 2

Activity 1

Rubrics for Assessment on Descriptive Essay

Score
Criteria 4 3 2 1
1. The introduction effectively catches the attention of the reader and
leads into a strong statement.
2. Examples include quotes that are explained and clearly illuminate the
meaning of the term defined in the essay.
3. Body paragraphs are developed with enough detail to show how they
relate to the question.
4. Body paragraphs are arranged in a logical order that aids
understanding.
5. Essay adheres to basic rules of spelling and punctuation; there is no
use of contractions.
6. Essay displays advanced use of grammar.
7. Conclusion ends the essay without introducing new questions or
ideas and is an effective ending.
Total

Rubrics for PowerPoint Presentation

Lesson 2: Activity 2

Category 4 3 2 1
Presentation Well-rehearsed Rehearsed with Delivery not Delivery not
with smooth smooth delivery smooth, but able smooth and
delivery that that holds to maintain audience
holds audience audience interest of the attention often
attention. attention most audience most of lost.
of the time. the time.
Attractive- Makes Makes good Makes use of font, Use of font,
ness excellent use use of font, color, graphics, color,
of font, color, color, graphics, effects, etc. but graphics,
graphics, effects, etc. to occasionally these effects, etc.
effects, etc. to enhance the detract from the but these
enhance the presentation. presentation often distract
presentation. content. from the
presentation
content.
Content Covers topic Includes Includes essential Content is
in-depth with essential information about minimal OR
details and knowledge the topic but there there are
examples. about the topic. are 1-2 factual several
Subject Subject errors. factual errors.
knowledge

82
 knowledge is appears to be
excellent. good.
Organization Content is well Uses headings Content is logically There was no
organized or bulleted lists organized for the clear or
using headings to organize, but most part. logical
or bulleted lists the overall organizational
to group organization of structure, just
related topics appears lots of facts.
material. flawed.
Oral Interesting, Relatively Delivery not Delivery not
Presentation well-rehearsed interesting smooth, but able smooth and
with smooth rehearsed with to hold audience audience
delivery that a fairly smooth attention most of attention lost.
holds audience delivery that the time.
attention. usually holds
audience
attention.
Originality Product shows Product shows Uses other Uses other
a large amount some original people/s ideas people/s
of original thought. Works (giving them ideas but
thought. Ideas shows new credit), but there is does not give
are creative ideas and little evidence of them credit.
and inventive. insights. original thinking.

Lesson 2: Activity 3

Rubrics for Graphic Organizer Presentation

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Points
Organization Extremely Organized. Somewhat Poorly
well Structure organized organized.
organized. allows reader structure A clear
to move allows reader sense of
Order through to move direction is
& content without through some not evident.
structure of confusion. of the content Flow is
information Flows without frequently
is smoothly confusion. interrupted.
compelling Flow is
and flows sometimes
smoothly interrupted.
Content Thorough Complete Shows some Shows
and understanding understanding incomplete
insightful of content of content understandi
understand ng of
ing of material
content
Creativity Enthusiasti Use of Shows some Shows
cally uses materials and use of minimal
materials ideas for materials and effort for
and ideas enhancement ideas enhanceme
for nt of

83
 enhancem materials
ent and ideas
Ideas Insightful Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are
and well considered; somewhat on unclear
considered more than one topic; makes
ideas thoughtful some few
making connection is connections connections
multiple made
connection
s
Total

Lesson 3:

Activity 1

Rubrics on Vlog making:

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Points
Content Thorough and Complete Shows some Shows
insightful understandin understanding of incomplete
understanding g of content content understand
of content ing of
material
Creativity Enthusiasticall Use of Shows some Shows
y uses materials use of materials minimal
materials and and ideas for and ideas effort for
ideas for enhancemen enhancem
enhancement t ent of
materials
and ideas
Ideas Insightful and Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are
well considered; somewhat on unclear
considered more than topic; makes
ideas making one some few
multiple thoughtful connections connection
connections connection is s
made
Total

84
Lesson 4: Activity 2

Rubrics on Reflection Paper:

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Points
Organization Extremely Organized. Somewhat Poorly
well Structure allows organized organized.
organized. reader to move structure A clear
Organizatio through content allows sense of
n is clearly without reader to direction is
evident with confusion. move not evident.
proper Flows smoothly through Flow is
introduction, some of the frequently
body, and content interrupted.
conclusion. without
confusion.
Flow is
sometimes
interrupted.
Content Thorough Complete Shows some Shows
and understanding understandin incomplete
insightful of content g of content understandi
understandi ng of
ng of material
content
Formatting Completely Meets the Meets the Fails to
meeting all criteria criteria meet the
the with 1 error with 2 errors criteria by
formatting obvious
requirement disregard
s for the
With NO expectation
exception! s stated in
the criteria;
3 or more
errors
Total

85
 Syllabus

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES SCHOOL OF TEACHER EDUCATION

J.H. CERILLES STATE COLLEGE
Course Syllabus
Main Campus | Dumingag Campus | Canuto Ms Enerio Campus

COURSE J.H GEEC COURSE LIVING IN THE IT ERA TERM 1ST SEMESTER. AY : 2020-20201
NUMBER 101 TITLE
COURSE COURSE LABORATORY / LECTURE PRE-REQUISITE
CREDITS TYPE
CONTACT HOURS PER 3 PRE-REQUISITE
WEEK TO
JHCSC VISION Leading higher education institution serving the ASEAN community with quality, innovative and culture-sensitive programs.
• Provide need-based tertiary and advanced programs in Agriculture, Education and allied fields;
JHCSC MISSION • Undertake applied research, extension and production services that yield workable and durable solutions to sector specific
challenges, thus improving the socio-economic well - being of identified communities.
STE GOAL The School of Teacher Education commits to develop globally competitive graduates with a high sense of desirable values
dedicated to the promotion of a just humane society.
To produce graduates who:
a. have a deep and principled understanding of how educational processes relate to larger historical, social, cultural, and
political processes
b. have a direct experience in the classroom
STE OBJECTIVES c. can demonstrate and practice the professional and ethical requirements of the teaching profession
d. can facilitate learning of diverse types of learning environment using a wide range of teaching knowledge and skills
e. can be creative and innovative in thinking of alternative teaching approaches, take informed risks in trying out these
innovative approaches and evaluate the effectiveness of such approaches in improving student learning
f. Are willing and capable to continue learning in order to better fulfill their mission as teachers.

1. Articulate the rootedness of education in philosophical, socio-cultural, historical, psychological and political contexts.
2. Demonstrate mastery of subject matter/discipline.
3. Facilitate learning using a wide range of teaching methodologies and delivery modes appropriate to specific learners and
PROGRAM OUTCOMES their environments.
4. Develop innovative curricula, instructional plans, teaching approaches and resources for diverse learners.
5. Apply skills in the development and utilization of ICT to promote quality, relevant and sustainable educational practices.
6. Demonstrate a variety of thinking skills in planning, monitoring, assessing and reporting learning processes and
outcomes.

86
 7. Practice professional and ethical teaching standards sensitive to the local, national and global realities.
8. Pursue lifelong learning for personal and professional growth through varied experiential and field-based opportunities.

COURSE DESCRIPTION This course investigates the role of information and communication technology in this era. It covers the latest advances in the
broad and ever-changing field of information technology. It is obvious that students need to understand the impact of information
technologies in everyday life and other fields. Information technology is an enabler for many new types of educational
opportunities. This book aims to provide answers to those questions. It aims to inspire learners in striving harder by developing
a sense of responsibility and commitment as they go along with the course
COURSE LEARNING Evaluate primary sources for their credibility, authenticity, and provenance.
OUTCOMES
1. Identify and explain the role of information technology in everyday life, education settings, and business, as you
encounter many new technologies in your everyday lives: at home, work, in the streets, in places you visit for holidays,
in public spaces, through conversations and the media.
2. Describe a wide range of products of electronic information source going from electronic periodicals to CD-ROMs, from
mailing list to databases, all of them having a common feature of being used and sometime modified by a computer.
Electronic information sources are becoming more and more important for the academic community. Therefore,
awareness of these information resources is of paramount importance to the development in the 21st century.
3. Identify and discuss the importance of cyber security, as now societies are becoming more dependent on computer
networks, and therefore more vulnerable to cyber-crime and terrorism.

Course Requirements:
1. Mastery Test
2. Written Examinations
3. Very satisfactory attendance
4. Active participation in academic exchange
5. Concept Paper
6. Video Creation
7. Multimedia and Slideshow Presentation
8. Business Proposal

Evaluation Criteria:
For Online Class: For Face to Face Class:
Formative assessments (quizzes, worksheets, etc.): 50% Quizzes/ Class Participation - 40%
Performance/Practical Assessment/Exam: 50% Assignment/Projects - 20%
Total 100% Major Examination - 40%
Total 100%

87
 Teaching and Learning Modalities
(Activities and Assessments)
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO) Topic
Face to Face Online Blended

MIDTERM

1. Demonstrate understanding on the

meaning of information technology; • Live presentations • Reading
2. Draw a visual interpretation on the role of and discussions via Assignment
information technology in daily life; and ➢ Meaning of Information • Lecture zoom • Group
3. Express one’s view on the importance of Technology • Group Discussions • Youtube video (Your reporting and
information technology through a journal. • Quiz beautiful) discussion
4. Describe the role of information • Reflection paper www.youtube.com • Mastery
technology by indicating its role in one’s • Evaluation Activities • Reflection paper TYoutube
daily life. ➢ Role of Information • Journal Writing submit at goggle video (Your
5. Write a reflection by expressing ideas on Technology in Everyday class beautiful)
the impact of information technology in Life www.youtube.c
daily life. om
6. Explain the information technology in • Quiz
media industry by indicating its importance • Mastery Test
to their future career; ➢ Information Technology in
7. Mount picture of observed functions of Media Industry
information technology to media industry.
8. Recommend dos and don’ts in the use of
information technology to media industry

➢ Concept of Information • Live presentations Reading

1. Discuss the concept of information • Lecture and discussions via Assignment
Technology in
technology in education
Education • Essay zoom Group reporting
2. Evaluate the advantages and
➢ Significance of IT in • Evaluation • Youtube video and
disadvantages of IT in education Activities www.youtube.com discussion
3. Create a video that will show the Education
➢ Uses of Information • Video Creation Video file submit to Youtube video
significance of IT in education google class Reflection paper
Technology in
Mastery Test
Education

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 1. Write a 250-word essay on one’s ➢ Lecture • Live • Reading
definition of information technology and ➢ Essay Writing presentations assignment
communications technology in ➢ Multimedia and discussions • Lecture/discu
business; Presentations via zoom ssion
2. Identify and explain the advantage/s of ➢ Slideshow • Movie review • Essay
information and communications ➢ Information Technology presentations • Reflection paper • Writing
technology in business; and in Business submit at goggle Business
3. Create a multimedia presentation and ➢ Strategies To Select class proposals
present a personal guidelines to Appropriate Hardware • Vlogging
consider in choosing a computer and Software to Meet
hardware and software in business
Business Needs
4. Describe the strategies to select an
➢ Telecommunications
appropriate hardware and software to
meet the needs in business; and Information
5. Create a Powerpoint presentation on Technologies Make to
the chosen hardware and software Business
appropriate in business; and
6. Design a business strategies on how
to meet the needs in business.
7. Create an informative vlog on
telecommunications and information
technologies in business.

FINALS

89
References:

• 3G E-learning LLC. (2018).Living in the IT Era. New York

• Houston Independent School District.(2019). Video Project Rubric. Retrieved https://www.houstonisd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx
moduleinstanceid=117048&dataid=79783&FileName=VideoRubric.pdf
• Learning Sciences International. (2015).Performance Assessment. Retrieved fromwww.learningsciences.com/bookresources
• Robomatter Incorporation. (2016). Savanna KWL Chart Rubric. Retrieved
http://www.tex22.info/rm/english/robotics2/vex/teacher/Content/Curriculum%20-
%20Robotics/Robo%202/Module%201/380%20Savanna%20Rubric(39).htm

Date Revised: Prepared: Reviewed: Recommending Approval: Approved:

Instructor/Professor Program Coordinator STE Dean VPAA

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 About the Authors

CAROUSEL LACHICA-CONCEPCION is a native of Molave, Zamboanga del

Sur, a 41-year old mother of two girls and a contented wife. She earned her degree in

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science at MEIN College, Inc., Zamboanga City in

the year 2000. Her passion is to mold young individuals in the field of information and

communication technology and mold them to be prepared in the long ride of life. She

have been in the academe for 18 challenging and fruitful years as well as experienced

also struggles, disappointments in aiming her goals.

She is now a college instructor of JH Cerilles State College in Dumingag,

Zamboanga del Sur teaching IT related subjects for three years and she believes that

in order to compete in the rapid innovations of the industry, one must not stop learning

and growing by providing good quality education to her learners.

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 MARVEE S. JORNALES is an Instructor of the School of Teacher Education,

JHCSC Pagadian Annex where he teaches Professional Education and General

Education Subjects. He graduated Bachelor of Elementary Education major in General

Education at J.H. Cerilles State College-Main Campus and currently pursuing his

Master of Arts in Education major in Elementary Education at Ateneo de Zamboanga

University, Zamboanga City.

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 ID S. PALAHANG is an instructor of the Schools of Teacher Education,

JHCSC, Mati, San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur where she teaches BEED,

Professional Education, English and General Education subjects. She graduated

Bachelor of Elementary Education in 2006 and completed her Master of Arts in

Educational Management in 2017 at Southern Mindanao Colleges. She is currently

pursuing her Doctor of Education in the same school.

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 CATHERINE DANIEL-CABAL holds a degree of Bachelor of Arts major in

Psychology Central Mindanao University (CMU). She passed the Psychometrician

Licensure examination on July, 2015 and earned the title Registered Psychometrician.

With passion on the same field, she pursued a graduate study on Master of Arts in

Guidance and Counseling at Saint Columban College where she finished it on

October, 2018.

She became a Designate Guidance Counselor at Baganian National High

School for two years. Currently, she work as College Instructor at JH Cerilles State

College, Mati, San Miguel, Zamboanga Del Sur.

She is also an active member of the Psychological Association of the

Philippines where she also attended various seminar hosted by the said organization.

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 KRISTINE MAE BARTE TARIPE dedicated her three years in service being an

Instructor in JH Cerilles State College with competency and quality. She assures to

provide a good quality education to her students and devotedly gave her time just to

inculcate to students the importance of learning inside the classroom.

Being the 4th child of the seven siblings, she accepts any work related to

accounting to practice her chosen field. Aside from being an instructor, she provides

an assistance to the Accounting Department in JH Cerilles State College. She was a

former associate in VR Integral Management Solutions, a bookkeeping and consulting

firm that provides Financial Statements audit, business consultancy and bookkeeping

services. She had rendered more than a year of service not including the months, she

spent for the on-the-job training.

In college, she graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Accounting

Technology in year 2016 at Saint Columban College as one of the Youth Entrepreneur

Student Scholars, in which she was able to manage her time in studying while working

as an entrepreneur in school. As she was eager to continue her field, she graduated

with another degree of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy at year 2017 on the same

school. To pursue excellence in teaching and business management, she enrolled

herself in Masters in Business Administration at Saint Columban College.

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 MAESHILLE TARIO-OMAÑA earned 27 units in Early Childhood Education

BEEd graduate- JHCSC MAEd major in Educational Management at St. Columban

College. She had a 3-year experience as a volunteer kindergarten teacher at DepEd

Pagadian City Division.

She is married with Joseph H. Omaña and blessed with two wonderful children.

Currently she is a college instructor of JH Cerilles State College for three years.

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 OSCAR IAN S. LACHICA is currently a part time instructor in the School of

Engineering and Technology, JHCSC Mahayag and Tambulig Extension Classes.

He is teaching IT subjects in both of the extension classes. A graduate of Bachelor

of Science in Computing Engineering. He plans to take up Master of Arts in

Mathematics in JHCSC Pagadian.

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