1.

Complete the table below by sorting the given organizational levels of the human
body from smallest to largest and then providing a one-sentence definition of each
level.
Tissue; organelle; atom; organ; organ system; cell; organism; molecule

Smallest Definition

Atom made up of subatomic particles such as the proton, electron and neutron
Molecule chemical building blocks of all body structures.
Cell smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.
Organelle human cell typically consists of flexible membranes that enclose cytoplasm, a water-
based cellular fluid, with a variety of tiny functioning units.
Tissue is a group of multiple similar cells (these cells can either be of the same cell type or
can consist of a few related cell types) that work together to perform a specific
function.
Organ anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types. 

Organ group of organs that work together to perform major functions to meet
system physiological needs of the body.
Largest: Organism- a living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all
physiologic functions necessary for life.

2. Summarize the major similarity for what defines tissues, organs, and organ systems in
one phrase.
-the major similarity of them is they build each other like Cells make up tissues, tissues make
up organs, and organs make up organ systems.

E. List the organs found in the following cavities:

Cavity Organs
Cranial brain
Vertebral Spinal cord
Thoracic Lungs and heart
Abdominal Liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small and large intestines, kidneys
and adrenal glands
Pelvic Rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive system
 E. Study the organs in each of the nine (9) abdominopelvic regions of the Human body.
Identify the regions, and list down the organs found on each.

EPIGASTRIC LEFT RIGHT

HYPOCHONDRIAC HYPOCHONDRIAC
-liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum REGION REGION
-spleen, colon, liver, left -gallbladder, liver, right
kidney, small intestine kidney

UMBILICAL REGION LEFT LUMBAR RIGHT LUMBAR

-naval, duodenum, colon kidneys, REGION REGION
major abdominal vessels -descending colon, left -cecum, ascending
kidney, small intestine colon, liver, right
kidney, small intestine

HYPOGASTRIC REGION LEFT ILIAC/ RIGHT ILIAC/

-urinary bladder, small intestine, INGUINAL REGION INGUINAL REGION
sigmoid colon, female reproductive -small intestine, -appendix, cecum,
organs descending colon, sigmoid small intestine
colon

F. Identify the Term for each abdominal quadrant, and list the organs located in each.

Right Upper Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant

Liver, stomach, gallbladder, Liver, stomach, pancreas, left

duodenum, right kidney, kidney, spleen, and the left
pancreas, and the right adrenal adrenal gland
gland

Right Lower Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant

appendix, reproductive organs, left ureter, reproductive organs

right ureter.
 G. The Organ System
1. Using the charts and your references, be acquainted with the different organ systems
of the human body. Be familiar with their general functions, and identify some
representative organs for each system. 
2. Fill in the chart.
The Organ Systems
System Functions Representative Organs
Act as a barrier to protect the Hair, nail, oil, sweat glands, skin
Integumentary body from the outside world.
Also, to retain body fluids,
protect against disease, eliminate
waste product and regulate body
temperature
Support the structure of the body Bones, joints
Skeletal

Provides for movement of the Muscles, striated, cardiac, smooth

Muscular body and its parts, maintain
posture, stabilize joints
Collect multitude of sensory Nerves, brain, urethra
Nervous information, process interpret
and integrate the information
Regulate short- and long-term Glands, pancreas
Endocrine activities by sending hormones
throughout the body
Transport O2 and nutrients to Heart, blood, arteries, veins
Circulatory body cells and carry oxygen poor
blood and CO2 back to the heart
and lungs
Maintains fluid levels in our Thymus, bone marrow, fetal liver
Lymphatic body tissues by removing all
fluids that leak out our blood
vessels
Supply the blood with oxygen in Nose, lungs, bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx
Respiratory order for the blood to deliver
oxygen to all parts of the body
To break down and absorb Mouth, stomach, rectum, intestines,
Digestive nutrients, salts and water as well esophagus
 to eliminate some wastes
Eliminate waste from the body Ureter, bladder, urethra
Urinary

Produce eggs and sperms Ovaries, uterus, penis, scrotum, testes

Reproductive

APPLICATION:

A. Directional Terms
Complete the table below for each directional term. You cannot use the examples provided
in the given notes and must come up with different examples.
Directional Terms Definition Example(s)

Superior (cranial) Describes a position above or higher than The lungs are superior to
another part of the body. the liver

Inferior (caudal) Describes a position below or lower than The appendix is inferior to
another part of the body. the transverse colon

Anterior (ventral) Describes the front or direction toward the The patella is located
front of the body. anteriorly in the lower limb

Posterior (dorsal) Describes the back or direction toward the Triceps are posterior to
back of the body. biceps

Medial Describes the middle or direction toward the the nose is medial to the
middle of the body. ears

Lateral Describes the side or direction toward the The eye is lateral to the
side of the body. nose

Ipsilateral Describes structures found on the same side The right eye is ipsilateral
of the body. to the right shoulder

Contralateral Describes structures found on opposite sides The left finger thumb is
of the body (right vs. left side). contralateral to the right
thumb toe
Proximal Describes a position in a limb that is nearer Knee joint is proximal to
to the point of attachment or the trunk of the the ankle joint
body.
Distal Describes a position in a limb that is farther Wrist joint is distal to
 from the point of attachment or the trunk of elbow joint
the body.
Superficial Describes a position closer to the surface of The skin is superficial to
the body. the muscles

Deep Describes a position farther from the surface The muscle is deep
of the body. compared to skin

V. QUESTIONS
1. Describe anatomic position. Why is this knowledge important? (5 points)

-refers to the specific body orientation used when describing an individual’s anatomy. Standard
anatomical or anatomic position of the human body consists of the body standing upright and
facing forward with the legs parallel to one another. The upper limbs, or arms, hang at either side
and the palms face forward. This is important because it provides a clear and consistent way of
describing human anatomy and physiology

2. Explain how and why the abdomen (or abdominopelvic region) is divided into smaller
areas. (5 points)

The reason why the abdominopelvic region is divided into smaller areas because anatomists and
medical personnel divide the abdominopelvic cavity into smaller regions to facilitate study and
discussion. These divisions are often used to categorize the individual abdominal organs by their
location and function and are used by clinicians to help diagnose the source of abdominal pain
and determine appropriate treatment.