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2-StatProb11 Q4 Mod2 Correlation-Analysis Version3
2-StatProb11 Q4 Mod2 Correlation-Analysis Version3
2-StatProb11 Q4 Mod2 Correlation-Analysis Version3
PROBABILITY
Quarter 4- Module 2:
Correlation Analysis
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ownership over them.
This module, as part of the response in crafting the Alternative Delivery Module
Learning Resource, is made for you as students who took up Statistics and
and solving problems involving correlation analysis. Activities are suited to your own
pace and capacity. You are also advised to use applications like Excel in your
The module starts with a Pre-test to assess how much knowledge you have about
the lessons. At the end part, an Assessment ensures that you gained an
For the facilitator, teacher or parent, this module serves as a guide in achieving the
curriculum guide. Furthermore, this is not to say that you limit only in the resources
available in this module but it is hoped that you may supplement materials and
1
What I Know
Scatterplot I Scatterplot II
5. Which scatterplot below best describes the table of values for the
number of hours studied and the test scores?
a. c.
b. d.
3
What’s
In
Remember in your previous lessons, you were asked to plot ordered
pairs in the rectangular coordinate system? Let us try if you can still do
it.
Plot the following points in the rectangular coordinate system.
1. (-3, 2)
2. (3, 3)
3. (1, -5)
4. (4, -4)
5. (-3, -5)
6. (3, 5)
7. (-2, 4)
8. (1, -3)
9. (-5, 0)
10. ( 0, 5)
What’s New
Bivariate Data
Data in statistics is sometimes classified according to how many
variables are in particular study. When you conduct a study that looks at a
single variable, that study involves univariate data. For example, you study
a group of students to find out their average grade.
Bivariate data is when you are studying two variables. These variables
are compared to find the relationships between them. For example, age
might be one variable and weight might be another variable. Another is
when you want to find out the temperature and the ice cream sales.
Using correlation analysis, we can find out the relationship of variables
in a bivariate data. Many businesses, marketing and social science
questions and problems could be solved using bivariate data sets. For
instance, is there a link between child obesity and family income? This is
where correlation analysis is helpful.
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Correlation analysis is a method of statistical evaluation used to study
the strength of a relationship between two numerically measured,
continuous variables(e.g. height and weight). This particular type of
analysis is useful when a researcher wants to establish if there are possible
connections between variables.
Activity
Arm Span and Height of a Person
1
Steps Solution
5
The graph you have constructed is called a scatterplot. By examining the
points, can you say that there is a relationship between the length of the
arm span and the height of a person?
Activity
2 Number of Times Late and Grade of a Student
Steps Solution
6
Activity
3
Weight of a Person and Number of Facebook Friends
Steps Solution
7
What is It
The diagram above shows some examples of scatter plots and correlations.
What’s More 8
With the lesson studied, we want to know if we can apply the use of
scatterplot in real life. Suppose the number of people of different ages
who died of COVID-19 virus on the month of April in our region is
taken. Construct the scatterplot of number of people died against age.
Show your output using Excel.
Assessment
A. For each of the following case, tell whether the relationship is positive,
negative or no correlation.
1. The more students enroll in a school, the more teachers are needed.
2. The wealthier a person is, the more friends he has.
3. A student who has many absences has a decrease in grades.
4. As one increases in age, often one's agility decreases.
5. The longer your hair grows, the more shampoo you will need.
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B. Determine whether the following bivariate data are correlated or not. If
they are correlated, tell the direction of the association. Evaluate
whether correlation is most likely strong or weak.
1. time spent in a supermarket and money spent
2. income and value of car driven
3. number of children and time spent cleaning the house by the mother
4. amount spent on gas and distance traveled by car each week
5. age and reaction time of persons over 18 years of age
C. Match the letter below which best describes the following scatterplot.
1. 2.
3. 4.
A. Strong negative correlation
B. Strong positive correlation
C. Moderate positive correlation
D. Low negative correlation
E. Zero correlation
D. Construct a scatterplot for the following data and use it to comment on
the form, direction, and strength between the variables.
Age of a
1. person, 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
years
Weight,
kg 40 42 38 35 45 51 48 48 50 47
2. Age of a
car, 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 4.5 5 6 7
years
Mileage,
16 15 10 12 10 12 11 10 11 8
km/L
Lesson 11
Pearson Product-Moment
2 Correlation
4
What I Need to Know
What I Know
Directions: The table shows the correlations for the four graphs below.
Match each graph to the correlation coefficient.
A. B.
12
C. Compute and interpret r for the following data.
1.
x 20 30 40 50 60
y 100 90 85 60 50
2.
x 6 15 30 12 20
y 3 6 15 5 15
What’s In
13
Steps 3 8 12
Solution
4 5 10
r=
14
1 55 66
2 93 89
3 89 94
4 60 52
5 90 84
Can you state the correlation coefficient for the relationship between
Math and Physics scores?
What is It
=PEARSON(array1, array2)
Simply replace ‘array1‘ with the range of cells containing the first
variable and replace ‘array2‘ with the range of cells containing the second
variable.
For the example above, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is 0. 76.
3. What are the indicators for determining the strength and direction of
correlation?
17
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, or Pearson’s r is a
measure of the linear correlation (dependence) between two
variables X and Y, giving a value between +1 and −1.
The formula for computing r is
Assessment
1. 2.
3. 4.
y 5 13 25 41 49
2.
x 1 3 5 7 9
y 44 34 24 14 4
3.
x 1 3 6 9 11
y 12 28 37 28 12
Age of
gravestone 9 18 20 31 44 52 53 61 63 63
X (years)
Diameter of
2 3 4 20 22 41 35 22 28 32
lichen
Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
X (days)
No. of
bacteria 34 106 135 181 192 231 268 300
Y(mil)
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Answer Key
Lesson 1 Lesson 2
What I Know What I Know
1. a A. Graph A =1
2. a Graph B = -1
3. a Graph C = 0
4. d Graph D = -0.72
5. c B. Graph A = 0.96
Assessment Graph B = -0.90
A. 1. Positive Graph C = 0.72
2. No correlation Graph D = -0.42
3. Negative C. 1. r = -0.97 ; strong negative correlation
4. Negative 2. r = 0.90 ; strong positive correlation
5. Positive
B. 1. Strong positive correlation
2. Strong positive correlation
3. Weak negative correlation
4. Strong positive correlation
5. Strong negative correlation
C. 1. B
2. C
3. E
4. A
D. 1. 2.
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Lesson 2
Assessment
A.
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. B
B. 1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A
C. 1. r = 1 ; perfect positive correlation
2. r = -1 ; perfect negative correlation
3. r = 0 ; no correlation
D. 1. r = 0.86 ; There is a strong positive correlation between age of grave stone
and diameter of lichen.
2. r = 0.99 ; There is a strong positive correlation between the number of days
and the number of bacteria
References
Belecina, Rene R. et. al. Statistics and Probability. P. Florentino ST., Sta.
Mesa Heights, Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc., 2016
Websites
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/scatter-plots.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
statistics/chapter/correlation/
https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/excel/how-to-create-a-
scatter-plot-in-excel/
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