Models of

Reading
 At the end of the
lesson, the students
should be able to:
a. identify the different models of
reading;
b. demonstrate knowledge about
the different reading models;
and
c. practice prudence in teaching
reading Objectives
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Content
• Bottom-up Model
• Top-down Model
• Interactive Model

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Question!
▣ Do you recognize every letter in all
words when you read?

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Question!
▣ To understand the text better, do
you make use of your previous
information related to the topic?

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 1.
Bottom-up
Model
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Bottom-up Model

▣ reader starts with no preconceived idea

▣ go through a mechanical pattern by creating
a piece by piece mental translation of the
information in the text
▣ “data driven”

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Bottom-up Model

▣ beginning with the

printed letter,
recognizing graphic
stimuli, decoding them
to sound, recognizing
words, and finally
decoding meaning to
achieve the general
meaning
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Bottom-up Model

▣ resembled to phonics-approach:
▣ children start reading by learning
symbol-sound correspondences

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10
cadaver
cadaver
cadaver
/kuh-da-ver/
cadaver
noun
: a dead body
 2.
Top-down
Model
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Top-down Model

▣ makes use of the reader’s

background knowledge to influence
perception (schema)
▣ using what’s already in our heads

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Example:

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 3.
Interactive
Model
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Interactive Model

▣ the interaction of bottom-up and top-

down models (Nara, 2003)
▣ integrate characteristics of both models
▣ the essential part of reading
comprehension, the consistency of the
author’s and readers’ background
knowledge
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Interactive Model

▣ readers combine the reading material

with their background knowledge.

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Thank you!
Any questions?

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References

Razi, S. (n. d.). Reading models.

http://www.salimrazi.com/userfiles/ARAW1
_Week_12_Lecture_Notes.pdf

Sahyouni, R. (2013, November 30). Bottom-up vs. top-down

processing | Processing the environment | MCAT |
Khan Academy [Video file]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJy5_p_LAhQ

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