Issue #2, Dated 17th Sep 2021

NAVINYA

Rise of electric vehicles

More than 10 million electric cars were on the world’s roads in 2020 with battery
electric models driving the expansion. Electric car registrations increased in major markets
in 2020 despite the Covid pandemic

The government is targeting the year 2030 by which it plans to go all-electric

in terms on new car sales across India. Union Shipping and Transport
Minister Nitin Gadkari inaugurated Electronic Vehicle (EV) charging points in
an event, “Charging the Drive, the Niti Aayog premises in New Delhi.

Charging Methods
Electric Vehicles can be charged in a variety of ways, depending on location and requirement.
Charging infrastructure for EVs is of different types and designed for different application.
Specifications and standards for EV chargers, also known as Electric Vehicle Supply equipment
(EVSE), vary from one country to another, based on available EV models in the market and the
characteristics of the electric grid.

EV charging involves supply of direct current (DC) to the battery pack. As electricity distribution
system supply Alternate Current (AC) power, a converter is required to provide DC power to the
battery. In the case of an AC EVSE, the AC power is delivered to the onboard charger of the EV, which
converts it to DC. Conductive charging can be AC or DC.

EVSE or Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment is the basic unit of EV

charging infrastructure. The EVSE accesses power from the local
electricity supply and utilize a control system and wired connection
to safely charged EVs. It enables various functions such as user
authentication authorization for charging, information recording and
exchange for network management, and data privacy and security.
Requirements of EVSE for conductive charging depend on factors such
as vehicle type

Some of the crucial areas to note while designing the charging stations are as follows.

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NAVINYA
Ease of access to EV charging
By providing EV charging points at locations where vehicles tend to park, EV users can charge their
vehicles while they are parked, thereby saving time and eliminating the distance one must travel to
access public charging.

Cost efficiency of charging infrastructure

Normal power charging points are not only less expensive, but they also require less electricity and
less space, which further reduces capital costs. They can be connected to low voltage single and three
phase distribution networks, which are widely available in buildings and public places.
The EV charging ecosystem comprises of multiple components and
processes. The provision of land and supply of electricity for EV charging,
specification and installation of EV charging equipment day to day operations
and maintenance of EV charging facilities, and services allowing EV owners
to use charging facilities.

Classification of EV charging Infrastructure

EV charging infrastructure can be classified as public, semi-public and private.

Private Charging Semi-public Charging Public Charging

Individual EV owner having It’s a shared charging for a
infrastructure at independent restricted set of EV users at
homes, parking lot, any location apartment complexes, office
with land availability campuses, shopping malls, gated
communities, government buildings
etc. Ownership can belong to
Original Equipment Manufacturers
(OEM), Host properties or Charging
Point Operators (CPO).
It is open for all EV users at public
parking lots, on street parking,
charging plazas, petrol pumps,
highways, metro stations etc. Here
ownership belongs to Municipal
Authorities, PSUs, and CPOs etc.

Accessing charging demand and setting targets

In planning EV charging infrastructure, stakeholders must consider potential charging demand as well
as constraints of land and power supply. The first step of the planning process is to assess the EV
charging demand, which is based on the current or projected number of EVs on the road.

In its Charging Infrastructure Guidelines and Standards, the Ministry of Power (Mop) provides the
following minimum requirements for the location of public charging stations as
At least one charging station should be available in a grid of 3Km x 3Km. One charging station to be
set up every 25 Km on both sides of highways/roads.

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Access based targets - Aim to ensure minimal coverage across a city or region and is typically measured in terms of “number of
charging points/unit area”.
Demand based targets- Aim to provide sufficient public charging infrastructure for a growing number of EVs on the road. They are
based on EV penetration rates and the number of electric kilometers driven. Demand based targets are useful for a planned expansion
of the public charging network, in the line with projected EV growth.

Location Planning and Land Allocation

EV charging requires space to set up an EVSE and to park the EV for the charging duration. For private
and semipublic charging, this place is allocated in the parking areas of independent homes, apartment
buildings, commercial buildings. For public charging, it is necessary to plan for a network of chargers
that are conveniently located and well distributed across a city or region

Key principles for a location planning framework

Maximize accessibility- This includes area of low estimated charging demand, which still need a minimum
provision of charging infrastructure.

Maximize utilization- Public charging infrastructure should be located in areas with charging demand to
ensure high utilization. Public charging demand at a given location will depend on multiple parameters,
including population and employment densities, parking availability, traffic volumes, presence of commercial
establishments, transit stations etc.

Minimize cost- The cost of public charging infrastructure primarily depends on three factors- the cost of
EVSE, cost of land, cost of power supply. All three can be significantly reduced by opting for a distributed
charging network of normal charging points that are less expensive and require less space and electricity

Roles and responsibilities of Government Stakeholders

Many government bodies at the center, state and local levels are responsible for governance of EV
charging. The roles played by these bodies can be categorized as policy making and regulatory
functions, and executive or implementing functions.

Policy Making and Regulatory authorities Executive or Implementing Authorities

• Ministry of Power • Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

• The Central Electricity Auhtority (CEA) • THe Department of Heavy Industry
• The State Electrical REgulatory Commissions (SERCs)
• Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs (MoHUA)

Government initiatives
In February 2021, the Delhi government started the process to set up 100 vehicle battery charging
points across the state to push adoption of electric vehicles

The Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India has shortlisted 11 cities in the country for
introduction of EVs in their public transport systems under the FAME (Faster Adoption and

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Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles in India) scheme. The Government will also set up
incubation center for start-ups working in the EVs space.

On 29th July 2019, Inter-ministerial panel sanctioned 5,645 electric buses for 65 cities.

NATRiP’s proposal for “Grant-In-Aid for test facility infrastructure for EV performance Certification
from NATRIP Implementation Society” under the FAME Scheme was approved by Project
Implementation and Sanctioning Committee (PISC) on 3rd January 2019.

Under NATRiP, following testing and research centres have been established in the country since
2015.

International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT), Manesar

National Institute for Automotive Inspection, Maintenance & Training (NIAIMT), Silchar
National Automotive Testing Tracks (NATRAX), Indore
Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune
Global Automotive Research Centre (GARC), Chennai

Quiz- HOW many electric buses are running in Pune?

Correct answers will get a gift voucher.

Correct answer of last Quiz: France.

The winner is Mr. Sarang Shah

CONGRATULATIONS and thanks for participating!!!!

References for further study

1. Whitepaper ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE AND IMPACTS ON DISTRIBUTION

NETWORK by USAID and Ministry of Power, India
2. State of the art electric vehicle infrastructure market , Mridul Amin Sarkar, BWC

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