st

First Mile Christian School

A.Y. 2021-2022
1 Quarter – Week 1 in MUSIC 10

Name:___________________________ Score:_______________
10
Year and Section: ____________ Date:________________

MELC-Based

Introductory Message
This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each LAS is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

“EXPLORE” are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each LAS. This will
tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer “ASSESSMENT” to self-check your learning.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-
based learning.

Please use this module with care. And read the instructions carefully before performing each
task.

If you have any questions in using this LAS or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

STYLES AND MOVEMENTS OF 20TH CENTURY

MUSIC MUSIC
Quarter 1 – Week 1

MELCs:

 describes distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles; (MU10TCIa-h-2)

EXPLORE:
MATCH ME!
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided before
each number. A. Claude Debussy
___ 1. Claire de Lune B. Igor Stravinsky
___ 2. Tonight, from Westside Story C. Leonard Bernstein
___ 3. Verklarte Nacht D. Sergei Prokofieff
___ 4. AN American in Paris E. George Gershwin
___ 5. The Rite of Spring F. Bela Bartok
___ 6. Allegro G. Arnold Schoenberg
___ 7. Romeo and Juliet H. Joseph Maurice Ravel
___8. Petrouchka I. Francis Poulenc

J. Philip Glas
___9. La Mer

___10. Mirroirs (mirrors)

LEARN:
Music of the 20th Century:

The musical works of the 20 th century introduced new styles and movements of music with
dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the 20th century was greatly
influenced by the movements in Europe in the context of Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-
classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern Nationalism. These musical movements contribute various styles
and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles.

“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”

1. IMPRESSIONISM

It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly overlapped in different
chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the splashing of the waves, flowing river,
chirping of the birds, and the soft music evoked and its beauty, likeness, and brilliance. Impressionism
normally gives the feeling of finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the
structure of certain chords, and the use of a whole-tone scale.

Among the most famous impressionist composers in the world, both developed a particular style
of composition were Claude Debussy and Joseph Maurice Ravel.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)

He was born last August 22, 1862, in St. Germain-en-Laye in France. With his intention to
change the sequence of music from traditional and conventional ways, he found
new ways in evolving into a new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm,
form, texture, and color which describes distinctive musical elements. He
acquired and gained refutations as an erratic pianist and rebel in theory and
harmony added with other systems of musical composition because of his
passion for music. Fortunately won the top prize at the Prix de Rome
competition with his composition (“L’ Enfant Prodigue”).
Among his composition were represented by the following works: Ariettes
Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, String Quartet, Pelleas et
Melisande (1895), La Mer (1905), Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes,
Claire de Lune (moonlight). He was able to compose musical pieces more or
less 227 which include orchestral music, chamber music, piano music, operas,
ballets, songs, and other vocal music. He was inspired by Franz Liszt, Fredrick Chopin, Johann
Sebastian Bach, and Giuseppe Verdi.
He was called the “Father of the modern school of composition” that marks him on the styles of
later 20th century composers like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese, and Olivier Messiaen.
MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)

He was the son of a Basque mother and a Swiss father and born
in Ciboure, France. At the age of 14, he entered the Paris Conservatory
with the eminent French composer Gabriel Faure and composed a
number of masterpieces where he studied music. He characterized
with unique innovative but not an atonal style of harmonic treatment with
intricate and sometimes modal and extended chordal components.
Ravel’s works are only musically satisfying but also pleasantly
dissonant elegantly sophisticated applying harmonic progressions and
modulations. Refining his delicacy and color, contrast and effects add to the
difficulty in the proper execution of the musical passages with water in its
flowing and stormy moods, as well as with human characterizations
where many of his works dealt with it. He was a perfectionist composer adheres to classical form
specifically ternary structure; he was considered as a strong advocate of Russian music and admired
the music of Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, and Mendelsshon. Ravel’s output comprises approximately 60
pieces for piano, chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera. These are the following works:
 Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899)
 Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901)
 String Quartet (1903)
 Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)
 Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905
 Gaspard de la Nuit (1908)
 Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911)
 Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917)
 Rhapsodie Espagnole
 Bolero
 Daphnis et Chloe (1912)
 La Valse (1920)
 Tzigane (1922)
Unfortunately, he died with Aphasia on December 28, 1937.

2. EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing composer’s mind,
expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It expresses the meaning of emotional
experience rather than physical reality. One of the proponents of expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg.
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)

Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer born last September 13, 1874, in a working-class
of Suburb of Vienna, Austria. He was famous as the exponent of the twelve-tone
system with twelve tones related only to one another also known as the serial
technique. He was influenced by Richard Wagner, a German composer.
His contribution to music includes atonality, meaning the absence of key
evolved from an emphasis on chromatic harmony in the liberal use of the twelve
tones in a chromatic scale. Apart from it, he also includes serialism and
Sprechstimmre which is a manner of performing a song with half-sung and half-
spoken. In 1908, he began to write approximately 213 musical compositions
include concerte, orchestral music, piano music, opera, choral music, songs,
and other instrumental music. His works include the following:
 Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1
 Pierrot Lunaire,
 Gurreleider
 Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
He died last July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled since 1934.
3. NEOCLASSICISM
Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light, entertaining, cool, and
independent of its emotional content. The composition style used by the composer was the seven-note
diatonic scale. This period combines tonal harmonies applying with slight dissonance which has a
three- movement format like shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as well as
harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords. The composers of this time in neo-classicism are
Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Sergei Prokofeiff.
IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born composer and conductor who became
both and American and a French citizen, he was born last June 17, 1882, in
Oraniaenbaum (now Lomonosov) Russia. His style of music is neoclassical
which uses scale, cords, and tone color in a clear and traditional way with
frequent changes in meter signature, offbeat syncopation, and displacing
regular accent as he utilize. He adopted the forms of 18 th century music with his
contemporary style of writing, very structured, precise, controlled, full of artifice,
and theatricality despite its shocking modernity. In 1939, he went to USA and
venture another style of music to experience his passion and wanted to
integrate his knowledge in Russian music. However, he opted and slowly turned back into his
nationalistic style of Russian music and cultivate his neoclassical style in which Stravinsky’s work.
Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913), The wedding (1923), AND Agon
(1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of wind instruments (1920), concerto for pianos and winds
(1924), Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938), Symphony in C (1940), Symphony in 3 movements (1945),
and Ebon concerto (1945); choral music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955),
Threni (1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966); and operas like The Rake’s Progress (1951), opera
oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), and other dramatic works like the Soldier’s Hale (1918).
SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)
He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the movements of music like Neoclassicism,
Nationalism, and Avant-Garde composition. With his progressive technique,
pulsating rhythms, melodic directness, and a resolving dissonance he was
uniquely recognized. In writing symphonies, chamber music, concerte, and solo
instrumental music, he became a productive and prolific composer. He worked
and linked with other composers, combined styles of Haydn and Mozart as
classicist and Igor Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired by Beethoven with
two highly regarded violin concerte and two string quartets.
With his desire to write music for the ballet and opera, he was given a
chance to contact with Diaghilev and Stravinsky for Romeo and Juliet for ballet,
and War and Peace for opera. He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral
work for children to pacify the continuing government restrictions and disciplinary actions at the time of
Avant-Garde composers entitled Peter and the Wolf. He died in Moscow on March
15, 1953.

BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)

Bela Bartok was born last March 25, 1881 in Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary
(Romania). Began lessons with his mother and made folk songs transcription. He
opened the way to new modal kinds of harmony and irregular meter. He was a
Hungarian composer and pianist, created a distinctive musical style using folk music.
He excelled in instrumental music writing many works for solo piano pieces, six string
quartets and other chamber music, three concertos for piano, one for violin and
several compositions for orchestras, the reinterpreted, traditional-musical forms like
the rondo, fugue, and sonata. He utilized changing meters and strong syncopations
in his music style.

On the other hand, Allegro Barbaro (1911) drew percussive sounds with swirling rhythms where
a solo piano is punctuated. Meanwhile, Mikrokosmos contains a collection of six books as a legacy in
music introducing and familiarizing contemporary harmony and rhythm to the piano students technically
and progressively. In 1940, he left Hungary for the United States. On September 26, 1945, he died of
leukemia in New York City Hospital.

4. AVANT-GARDE
This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or innovation period. The
existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been put on to criticize, rejecting the status quo
in favor of unique or original elements. Adopting extreme composition within a certain tradition the so-
called “Experimental Music”. The new attitude will be altered toward musical movement and it varies in
the continuity where the notes being grouped into.
The proponents of the Avant-Garde Movement of Music are George Gershwin, Leonard Bernstein,
and Phillip Glass.

GEORGE GERSHWIN
He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a cross-over artist, and a father of American
Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous songs, serious compositions remain highly popular in
the classical repertoire, and with the mixture of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long
after his death. He composed 369 musical works, including orchestral music, chamber music, musical
theater, film musicals, operas, and songs.

Among the compositions are the following: Rhapsody in Blue (1924),

and American in Paris (1928), Porgy and Bess (1934). He was fascinated
with classical music influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg, and
Schoenberg as well as the group of contemporary that shapes the
character of his major works like half jazz and half classical known as
“Les Six”. He died last July 11, 1937 in Hollywood, California, USA.

LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)

This notable composer was born in Massachusetts,

USA, he commended himself as a charismatic conductor,
pianist, composer, and lecturer to his many followers. On
November 14, 1943, he was requested to be a substitute for the
ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the New York Philharmonic
Orchestra in a concert.
Bernstein’s compositions for the stage are the key that made
people known him. Among these is the musical West Side Story
(1957), an American version of Romeo and Juliet, which displays a
tuneful, off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the songs. Other outputs include another Broadway hit
Candide (1956) and the much-celebrated Mass (1971).
His musical compositions total around 90. He composed the music for the film On the Waterfront
(1954). He was fondly remembered for his television series “Young People’s Concerts” (1958–1973)
that demonstrated the sounds of the various orchestral instruments and explained basic music
principles to young audiences, as well as his Harvardian Lectures. He died on October 14, 1990, in
New York City, USA.

PHILLIP GLASS (1937)

He is one of the Avant-Garde composers who also explored the
areas of ballet, opera, theatre, film, and even television jingles. His style of
music was criticized as uneventful and shallow because of its application to
new sound yet effective and compelling style.
He was born in New York, USA of Jewish parents, and learned violin
and flute at the age of 15. He was inspired by a renowned Indian satirist
Ravi Shankar, and assisted the recording soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film
Chappaqua. He produced and formed ensemble works such as Music in
Similar Motion (1969), Music in Changing Paris (1970). He has several
achievements in the light of music, are the following three operas:

Einstein on the Beach (1976)

 Collaborated with Robert Wilson in conceptualizing and produce four-hour opera and
instantly sold –out during the play at New York Metropolitan Opera House
Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984)
 Based on the lives of the prominent people in the world like Mahatma Gandhi, Leo
Tolstoy, Martin Luther King, and Egyptian pharaoh.
In this time, he combined the overlapping style of composition blended with a repetitive
signature in the grandeur on stage. He obtained 170 compositions and now living in Nova Scotia,
Canada, and New York, USA.
 5. MODERN NATIONALISM
Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th century music
development combined with modern techniques with folk materials. Prominent Russian composers like
Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the neoclassicist infused classical techniques crossing
rhythms and shifting meters. They made extensive use of polytonality that uses two or more tonal
centers simultaneously.
In Russia, five highly considered gifted individuals that infused chromatic harmony, incorporated
with Russian folk music, liturgical chants in their thematic materials namely Modest Mussorgsky, Mili
Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. Furthermore, Erik Satie, a
French composer who gave a colorful figure in the early 20th century, specifically avant-garde and
modern nationalism.

ENGAGE:
Activity 1: I FILL IN LOVE WITH MUSIC!
Directions: Fill in the table below to complete the 20th Century Composer’s Timeline.
XName of Composer Year Noted Accomplishment
Claude Debussy   His creative style was characterized by
his unique approach to the various
musical elements.
  1875 – 1937 The harmonic progressions and
modulations of his works are musically
satisfying, pleasantly dissonant, and
elegantly sophisticated.
Arnold Schoenberg 1874 - 1951  
Igor Stravinsky   His works featured shifting rhythms and
polytonality, also has a new level of
dissonance was reached a sense of
tonality was abandoned.
  1881 – 1945 He utilized changing meters and strong
syncopations in his compositions and
have rich melodies and lively rhythms
Sergei Prokofieff 1891 – 1953  

  1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant

modernity, tempered by a classical sense
of proportion.
George Gershwin   He is a cross-over artist because his
serious compositions remain highly
popular in the classical repertoire.
Leonard Bernstein 1918 – 1990  
Philip Glass   He explored the territories of ballet,
opera, theater, film and television jingles.
APPLY/ASSESSMENT:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following music characterize its works centered on nature and its beauty, likeness and
brilliance?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
2. Which movement of music characterizes the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an impression of the
environment?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
3. Which musical style deals with the parameters of sound in space with an absence of traditional rules on
harmony, melody, and rhythm?
A. Impressionism C. Modern nationalism
B. Expressionism D. Avant-grade
4. Which type of musical style that has a freer seven-note diatonic scale?
A. Neoclassicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
5. Which music of the 20th century seeks to combine modern techniques focusing on nationalist composers
and innovators?
A. Neo-classicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
6. Who was the proponent of Claire de Lune and the foremost impressionist composer?
A. Joseph Maurice Ravel C. Claude Debussy
B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet
7. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born?
A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden
8. Which of the following composers created a system of pitch organization based on the chromatic
pitches called twelve tone series?
A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Claude Monet
B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy
9. Who among the proponents of the Neoclassicism is considered as a great trendsetter of the 20th
century?
A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel
B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg
10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered as one of his earliest successful
pieces?
A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) C. Gurreleider

B. Pierrot Lunaire D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)

11. Who among the following composers was born to musical parents and died on September 26, 1945, in
New York City?
A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin
12. Which of the following is NOT the work of Bela Bartok?
A. Six String Quartet C. Allegro Barbaro
B. Concerto for OrchestraD. The Rite of Spring
13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos as one of the exceptional works of Bartok?
A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15
14. Which of the following composers combined the Neoclassicism, modern nationalism and Avant-Garde
musical style?
A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin
15. Which of the following compositions of Sergei Prokofieff is intended for children?
A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf
B. War and Peac D. Song of the Bagpipe
 MUSIC MUSIC PERFORMANCE PRACTICE

MELCs:

 explains the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of
20th century music, (MU10TCIb-g-4)

EXPLORE:
Directions: Below is the arrangement of the instruments in an orchestra. Classify the instruments
according to their types as to Chordophone, Membranophone, Aerophone, and Idiophone copy the
table on your notebook.

Chordophone Aerophone Membranophone Idiophone

       

LEARN:

Musical Elements Used in Stages

A Composition is a highly disciplined art that requires mastery over often very sophisticated
materials and a creative impulse which origins and mental processes remain a mystery. In the 20 th
century, there are elements of music and musical styles observed, and these are the elements that
tend to be basic but were enhanced by the composers of different movements carried out to the height
of their knowledge, talent, and skills.

These elements are evident from the different stages of movements of music in the 20th
century.
 There are stages of musical movements. These stages have distinct characteristics and they
contain the improved musical elements that were used in the performances of the 20th century music.
This became the performance practices of all musical genres that were observed in this generation.

Composers and performers have a big role in defining these musical elements into their
compositions and performances. From basic elements, they made them into more complex but more
refining that is good to hear. These elements are evident in the following stages of music the
movement:

POST- ROMANTICISM was characterized by chromatic harmonies, programmatic elements,

expansive melodies, and lush orchestration.

ELECTRONIC MUSIC stepped in the later part of the 20th century and was created wholly or in
part through electronic means or recording devices such as tape recorders, synthesizers, and/ or
computers.
A musical style was developed initially by African Americans in Chicago and New York by
emphasizing syncopation and inflected melodies called jazz.
The Second Viennese School also developed serialism (sometimes used as a synonym for
dodecaphonic) which consists of any number of musical constraints that are organized using specific
order through manipulation.
INDETERMINACY, also known as Aleatoric Music is a style that evolved in the mid-20 th
century which relied on randomness and chance.
Parallel harmonies and the use of a non-traditional scale were also observed in French-style
compositions in impressionism that occurs in the late 19th and early 20th century. Also, a German-
style is marked by angular melodies, extreme dissonance, irregular rhythmic groupings developed in
early 20th called expressionism.

MINIMALISM in music was characterized by the endless repetition of short melodic patterns,
complex cross-rhythms, and the tonal/ modal principles. In the late 20th century, neo-romanticism
musical style was developed that returned the tonal principles characterized by heightened emotion.

ENGAGE:
Directions: Listen perceptively to the evolution of electronic music that evolved from the 20th century
up to the present. Please watch the link on YouTube and answer the questions that follow.
https://youtu.be/uKRA68POo
1. What are the developments you can hear on electronic compositions through time?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.
What are the unique characteristics of electronic music which are not present in Original Pilipino Music
(OPM)?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. Give at least five (5) different moods that you have felt while listening to the electronic music.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
APPLY/ASSESSMENT:
WORD GAME: REMEMBER ME IN 3!
Directions: Unscramble the letters to form a word or words related to the music performance of the 20th century.
Write the word/ words on the space provided.

1. RELACITOA

2. SOMPISMESRIIN

3. CRELONRITE

4. STOPMICRANTOMIS

5. ZAJZ

6. SALMIINIMM

7. ONECRITMOSANMI

8. MILISEARS

9. OPEMXRISNSESI

10. ENOLIIMSAMSCC

A. Describe each term above (using 3 keywords), in the same order, on the space provided below.
1. _________________,__________________,___________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________________