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Projectile Motion: A Short Teaching Presentation: July 2020
Projectile Motion: A Short Teaching Presentation: July 2020
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Kamil Walczak
City University of New York - Queens College
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“Projectile Motion”
OBJECTIVES
y = 0
y
y 0 x
0 x
0 x y
0 m
0 y g = 9.8 2
s
0 x
0 x Earth’s Surface x
y
Projectile Motion is a special motion of an object thrown
upward at a certain angle to the horizontal line which is
moving along a curved (parabolic) path under the action
of the force of gravity only (air resistance is neglected).
0 0 = 0 x î + 0 y ĵ
0 y
0 x = 0 cos( )
0 y = 0 sin( )
0 x
ax = 0 x = 0 x = 0 cos()
x0 = 0 x = 0 x t = 0 t cos() (Eq.1)
a y = −g y = 0 y − gt = 0 sin( ) − gt (Eq.2)
1 2 1 2
y0 = 0 y = 0 y t − gt = 0 t sin( ) − gt (Eq.3)
2 2
/ 0 cos() x
x = 0 t cos( ) t=
0 cos()
(Twisted Parabola)
+ gt h 0 sin( )
y = 0 sin( ) − gt h = 0 th =
/g g
for t = t h y = h
From Eq.3 – kinematic equation for vertical position:
1 2 1 2
y = 0 t sin( ) − gt h = 0 t h sin( ) − gt h
2 2
02 sin 2 () 02 sin 2 () 02 sin 2 ()
h= − = =h
g 2g 2g
The time travel for horizontal range is twice the time travel for maximum height:
20 sin( )
t d = 2t h =
g
for t = t d x = R
From Eq.1 – kinematic equation for horizontal position:
x = 0 t cos( ) R = 0 t d cos( )
Neglecting air resistance, the parabolic trajectory of the object and the time
of its travel in the projectile motion are independent of its mass and size!
Hypothesis: the trajectory of the object will become asymmetric
and the time travel will increase in the presence of air resistance.
Neglecting air resistance, the maximum height (the highest point) in the
projectile motion is independent of object’s mass and size!
Hypothesis: the maximum height will decrease when the analyzed object
is affected by air resistance.
Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal range is the longest for the optimal
angle at which the object is thrown equal to forty-five degrees!
Hypothesis: the optimal angle will decrease when air resistance is included.
Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal range at optimal angle is four times
larger than the maximum height (the highest point) in the projectile motion!
Hypothesis: this ratio will change when air resistance is taken into account.
Drag force is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object
moving with respect to a surrounding fluid (air). The ultimate cause of a drag
is viscous friction. Drag force depends on the properties of the fluid, and on
the size, shape and speed of the object immersed within the fluid (air).
Kamil Walczak
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07 / 16 / 2020