Levels of Meaning - Book

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Levels of meaning

Levels of meaning mean paying attention to pradiagmatic and Syntagmatic


analyses. 
There are many different types of meaning's levels, the most important two are
denotative and connotative meanings,so let's spot light on them. 
Any word may have denotative and connotative meaning, then what is the difference
between both of them? 
The former means the direct meaning that pop out in one's mind when hearing that
word, par example when you think of a red rose with a green stem, you think of a
flower (denotative meaning) .
The denotative meaning of a word can be wider or less specific than its counter part
in the Target Language. 
Whereas the latter means the meaning of word, which comes into existence from
the context, par example the above-mention word "red rose" when we talk about
couples or so, it  expresses love. Another example could be, The Arabic word "‫"عفريت‬
it means something like a monster, but in the Egyption dialect it means an expert of
something. You should notice that the connotative meaning may differ from one
region to another,there are six types of connotative meaning which are as follows:
Attitudinal meaning: refers to the attitude of the speaker, for example "Jerusalem"
when a Palestinian person talks about it, they consider it the capital of Palestine, on
the other hand, if an Israeli one mentions it, they deed it the capital of Israel, even
though the region is the same.
Associative meaning: refers to the stereotype that one has about a lexical meaning,
for instance an Arab associates the word "secretary" with female only. 
Affective meaning: refers to the meaning that reflects the speaker's intention, for
instance, shut up, keep it to yourself or could you please listen to me, both of them
has the same meaning but the intention is different. 
Allusive meaning: the meaning that is attached to a given expression, for example
"the fruit of your womb" which is a quote from the Bible. 
Reflected meaning: refers to a meaning of an expression in a specific context, the
Arabic word "‫ "حمار‬means a white animal like a horse with long ears, but while
describing stupidity of people you could say "‫"حمار‬. 
Stylistic meaning: the context that forces you to use a word rather than its
synonyms, the difference between the Arabic Words "‫ "قال‬and " ‫ "صرّ ح‬the latter is
used in formal context. 

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