Building Utilities

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CODE 108_ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2
WEEK 1
ELECRICAL SYSTEMS
Let's pause for a while before jumping with the lesson proper. I'd like to pray for all of us.
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we could
always find refuge. Protect us from trouble wherever we go, and keep evil far from us. No matter where
we are, we will look to you as our protector, the one who fight for us everyday.
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, so we will not fear whatever
might come against us. Our trust is in You, God, and we give thanks to You for Your love and protection.
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
These will be our topic for this week:
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical systems
LESSON PROPER:
https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236?lesson_id=12437730&section_id=44051021 1/9
BUILDING UTILITIES 2
ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
1.1 ELECTRICITY
Is a form of energy generated by friction, :
induction or chemical change, having magnetic,
chemical and radiant effect.
It is the motion of free electrons through a solid
(ele) alele leq)
An electric current travels at the speed of light
= LECTRICAL and therefore the rate of conduction of an électric
current is considered as instantaneous.
SYSTE M S There are two (2) general classes of electricity:
Dynamic Electricity
And Static Electricity
NOTE:
WILLIAM GILBERT, an English Physicistis_.
considered as the “Father of Electricity’ for his.
es on “Electric Attraction” and “The Electric
eee
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There are two (2) general classes of

electricity:
Dynamic Electricity (electrodynamics)
-electricity that flows through a substance or
over its surface in the form of an electric
ELECTRICAL a
Static Electricity (electrostatics)
SYSTEMS -the form of electricity that appears to remain
on the surface of a body as a charge.
NOTE:
WILLIAM GILBERT, an English Physicist is considered as the
“Father of Electricity” for his studies on “Electric Attraction”
and “The Electric Force”.
1.2 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY

UNIT OF QUANTITY
* Coulomb — a coulomb of electricity
comprises approximately 6.25 x 10*18
ELECTRICAL dea
* Ampere- an ampere of current
SYSTEMS represents a rate of flow of one
coulomb or 6.25 x 1018 electrons per
second-through a given cross section.
Abbreviated as “I”.
Note= The-ampere is named after Andre M.
Ampere.

UNIT OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
* VOLT- is the electromotive force or
potential difference between two points
ELECTRIC AL a pe field edt ee
Asana charge of one coulomb between these
points. Abbreviated as “E”.
Note: the volt is named after Alessandro Volta,
an Italian scientist who discovered that electrons
flow when two different metals are connected by
a wire and then dipped into a.liquid that conduct
or carry electrons.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
UNIT OF RESISTANCE
* Ohm- is the resistance
which will allow one ampere
of current to flow when one
volt is impressed upon it.
In direct current circuit this is
called Resistance.
In an alternating current
circuit, it is called
Impedence.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
UNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER
* Electric Power- is the rate
oT Lal Raa work and
isto MOL alm MecliMrel em Cite) 7-11e
Note:
Watt is named after James
Watt, a Scottish inventor.
Kilovolt-ampere- apparent
power

UNIT OF ENERGY
ELECTRICAL * Energy — is the capacity for doing
SYSTEMS Writs
* In electrical units, energy is expressed
in Watt-Hours.
ee)
a ere
The current that will flow in a direct current
circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and
inversely proportional to the resistance of the
circuit.
* The higher the voltage, the larger the current.
* The higher the resistance, the lower the
ELECREICAL HU acctal
SYSTEMS | (amp) = E (volts) / R (ohms)
* Other equations associated with the ohm’s law

lice
W =142R or VI
Whr = I*2Rt
KWhr = [*2t/1000
1.4 TYPES OF CURRENT

Direct Current (DC)
A current which flows at a constant
ELECTRICAL time rate and in the same
SYSTEMS direction.
*no fluctuations
*no surge
e.g. MRT, LRT, battery
1.4 TYPES OF CURRENT

Alternating Current (AC)
+ Acurrent which Is periodically varying in time, rate , and
direction.
It rises from zero to maximum, falls to zero, reverses its
ELECREICAL direction and again returms to zero. A complete set of
these changes is called cycle.
SYSTEMS The number of times the current goes through the

above cycles per second is called the frequency of the
alternating current and is referredto as the “hertz”.
The frequency commonly used for lighting is 60 cycles
per second and for motors 25 cycles per second.
€.g. audio and radio signals, AC source examples are
commercial and residential power.
1.5 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

1. MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL Electrostatics (by friction)
SYSTEMS -When certain materials are rubbed

together, electrons are transferred by
friction from one another, hence it
becomes electrically charged.

1. MECHANICAL
Electromagnetism
-Relative motion of a conductor with respect to a
magnetic field, a process known as induction. A
generator is a machine that converts
= LECTRICAL mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Alternator
is a generator for pear ae
SYSTEM S alternating current while an Electri cMotor isa
machine that converts electrical power into
mechanical power.
AC GENERATOR (Alternator)- KVA
DC GENERATOR— KW
AC to DC - Rectifier
DC to AC — Inverter

2. CHEMICAL
At present, there are four types of
batteries, namely drycell, storage battery (wet
cell), Edison Cell (wet cell) and solar battery.
In drycell batteries an “A” battery provides 1:5 to
E LECTRICAL 12 volts, *B” battery provides 6 to 12 volts anda
“C” battery provides 1.5 volts.
SYSTE WM S) Nickel cadmium batteries are commonly
used. In storage batteries positive and negative
plates are separated by liquid electrolyte in a
sulfuric acid solution. Buildings that require
interrupted:supply of power are provided with
uninterruptible power system (UPS) using a
bank of batteries.

3.PHOTOELECTRIC
ELECTRICAL By light (sunlight or artificial
Woe at cS illumination) falling upon a photosynthetic
material suchas cesium of selenium. The
process is known asyphotoelectric
emission. e.g. PhotocellfRhotovoltaic cell
1.5 SOURCES OF
ELECTRICITY
4. PIEZOELECTRIC
By mechanical
pressure (compression,
S Sales stretching, twisting) of a
SYSTE M S certain crystals such as
quartz and Rochelle
salts, e.g. Microphone,
radio transmitter,
telephone receivers,
hearing aids.
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WEEK 2
SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY
& ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
Lord God,
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS: SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical systems
LESSON PROPER:
https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236
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Battery
A combination of two or more electric cells capable of storing and supplying direct current by electro-
chemical means.
1. Primary batteries- delivers electricity as soon as its parts are assembled or put together, provided
that it is connected to a circuit. E.g. UPS (uninterruptible power supply), alkaline batteries
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS J ysusee Battery

2. Secondary Batteries/Storage
Batteries- electricity from some
external source must be passed
through it before it can deliver an
electric current. (¢.g. charging the
battery)
Main uses are: to supply
emergency lighting circuits for
hallways, stairways, exits and
energize police and fire alarm
systems and certain types of
Seth cen MORRIS EO (Nea)
light, energizer, laptop battery,
cellphone battery); lithium
batteries
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Rel see) ete oa soln
Generator
Amachine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
1. Alternating Current Generators or Alternators- the bulk of electrical energy utilized
today is in the form of alternating current, including energy for power and lighting.
a
*
=
a ib
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Generator
2. Direct Current Generators- these furnish electrical energy for elevators,
escalators, intercommunicating telephone systems, control of signal
systems and clock systems.
Pr
AC MOTOR DC MOTOR
End Bracket
Coding Bearing Armature Stator
Fan ‘an Housing Rotor Winding Winding Stator
End Ball
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS ben
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES

1. Motor
A machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES
2. Transformer
* For converting one voltage to
another; transfer electrical energy
between 2 or more circuit.
¢ Ojl-insulated transformers rated
more than 15kV between 7
conductors shall be installed inside
a transformer vault.
: Bey pe and other transformers
with non-flammable insulation shall
be installed in a transformer room.
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r aE
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
MACHINES
2. Transformer
* Transformers shall be guarded as follows:
- Appropriate provisions shall be made to
minimize the possibility of damage to
transformers from external causes where
the transformers are located exposed to
physical damage.
- Dry-type transformers shall be provided
with a non-combustible moisture resistant
case or enclosure which will provide
reasonable protection against accidental
insertion of foreign objects.
- The transformer installation shall conform
to ne Ensen for guarding of live parts
in -1.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
« The operating voltage of exposed live parts of transformer installations shall be indicated
by signs or visible markings on the equipment or structures.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Examples of Transformer
* Outdoor transformers
H-frame transformer bank — capacity as high as 1,000 KVa
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Cluster mounted on a single pole— capacity 225 KVa
ag we 12-1. cen Oo ET y Py;
i ——=
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Pad mounted transformer
ae
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
* Indoor transformers
Dry-type transformer bank- capacity as high as 1,000 KVa
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
* Indoor transformers
Askarel Insulated- synthetic non-flammable liquid
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
MACHINES
¢ Indoor transformers
Oil Insulated- installed in a fire rated
transformer vault except when capacity
not exceeding 112.5 Kva.
1.6 OTHER DYNAMO

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ELECTRIC MACHINES
3. Rotary Converters
For changing alternating
current to direct current and
vice versa.
Caen
Rectifier-is an electrical
device composed of one or
more diodes that converts
alternating current (AC) to
direct current (DC).
Inverter-is an electronic
device or circuitry that
changes direct current (DC)
to alternating current (AC).
1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

ELECTRICAL It is the effective utilization of available energy
SYSTEMS by reducing peak loads and lowering demand
charge.
The control devices and systems are referred

to as load shedding control, peak demand
control, peak load regulation, and power use
control.

In setting up the system, the controllable or sheddable
loads are separated from those which must remain
uninterrupted or the unsheddable loads.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS The sheddable loads (in building/structure) are:
-Non-essential lighting
-Ventilation Fans
-Space Heating
-Comfort Cooling
-Non-critical batch process equipment
-Electric Boilers
-Sewage Ejectors with appropriate level controls
-Transfer Pumps

In setting up the system, the controllable or
sheddable loads are separated from those which
ELECTRICAL must remain uninterrupted or the unsheddable
SYSTEMS loads.
The unsheddable loads (in building/structure) are:

-Essential lighting
-Elevators
-Refrigeration
-Compressors
-Process equipment
-Office Machinery
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ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL
1. Load Scheduling and Duty-Cycle Control
Installation of electric loads are analyzed and
scheduled to restrict demand by shifting large
loads to off-peak hours and controlled to avoid
coincident operations.
ELECTRICAL
2. Demand Metering Alarm
In conjunction with a duty cycle controller,
demand is continuously metered, and an
alarm is set on when a predetermined demand
level is exceeded.
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ELECTRICAL
3. Automatic Instantaneous Demand Control
Also called “rate control”, it is an automated
version of the demand metering alarm system,
where it automatically disconnects or
reconnects loads as required.
ELECTRICAL
4. |deal Curve Control
This controller operates by comparing the
actual rate of energy usage to the ideal rate
and controls kW demand by controlling the
total energy used within a metering interval.
ELECTRICAL 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

SYSTEMS 5. Forecasting System
Are computerized systems which continuously
forecast the amount of energy remaining in the
demand interval, then examine the status and
priority of each of the connected loads and
decide on the proper course of action.
ELECTRICAL 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

SYSTEMS 6. Building Management System (BMS:
intelligent_building)
Also known as Building Management System
(BMS), Building Automation System (BAS);
controls energy consuming equipment in a
building to make it operate more efficiently
while maintaining comfortable environment.

6. Building Management System (BMS:
intelligent building)
ELECTRICAL * Scheduling Function- turn equipment on or
SYSTEMS off depending on the time of day, day of the
week.
¢ Lock-out Function- make certain that
equipment does not come on unless it is
needed.
* Reset Functions- keep equipment from
operating at greater capacity than necessary
to meet building loads
* Demand-limiting or Load-Shedding
Functions- reduce electrical demand charges
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WEEK 3
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Lord God,
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical materials and its application
LESSON PROPER:
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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
1.1 CONDUCTORS
MMatett-Wr- eM ear-ltciat-l mal lean-lileyiy
the free flow of electrons through
int00
* Metals generally have the least
resistance in the flow of electric
current.
The best conductors are
precious metals, such as silver,
gold, and platinum.
Copper and aluminum are the
most commonly used materials
for conductors.
AND EQUIPMENT
1.1 CONDUCTORS
« Conductor current carrying capacity
or ampacity is the maximum
operating temperature that its
insulation can stand continuously.
Heat is generated as a result of the
current flowing and the conductor
ivetciic) telah om en conductors are
placed in an enclosed conduit, the
heat generated is not easily
dissipated as it would be if the
conductor were free in the air.
Thus, the current rating of a
conductor in free air is much higher
idar=1pM Cgt-1M (O] Mm RT= worl mI Romie)
conduit.
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Stranded
ELECTRICAL Types of Conductors

PAW mands) Wires and cables are either solid or stranded. A
stranded wire consists of a group of wires twisted
EQUIPMENT to form a metallic string. A cord is an insulated
stranded wire, such as the cord of a flat iron.

Types of Conductors
1. Wires — are single insulated conductors no. 8 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or
smaller; for the English System, it is the B & S Gauge or Browne and Sharpe
Gauge. The smallest size of wire permitted is no. 14.

AND EQUIPMENT
Types of Conductors
2. Cable — are single
insulated conductors no. 6
AWG or larger; or they may
be several conductors of
any size assembled into a
single unit.

Types of Conductors
3. Bus Bars- large conductors which are not circular in cross section and usually
found only to supply the main switch boards.
(power concentrated for distribution)

ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND

EQUIPMENT
Conductor Sizes
* All conductor sizes from no. 18 (or AWG 1) to no. 10 (AWG no.
0000, also designated 4/0) are expressed in AWG.
* Beyond AWG no. 4/0, a different designation, MCM (or thousand
circular mil) is used. In this designation, the smallest MCM size is 250
MCM or %’ diameter and the biggest is 500 MCM.
* Acircular MIL is an artificial area measurement, representing the square
of the cable diameter (diam?) when the diameter is expressed in mils
thousands of an inch). Thus, a solid conductor % inch in diameter is
00 re in diameter, or 250,000 circular mils in area, (500)? or 250
; thus
CM/1000 = diam? = (500) 7/1000 = 250,000/1000 = 250 MCM
* In the metric system, conductor sizes are given simply as the diameter
in millimeters (mm).
Equivalent diameter diameter ‘weight ampacity 3 conductors in*** SxcableOD Packaging
ELECTRICAL mm tim em ee
Sizes
MATERIALS AND 1.6mmSo 14 AWG 1.6 26 22 25+ 2.70 2.70 21 150m / box
2.0mm Sol 12AWG 20 30 33 30+ 1.70 1.70 24 150m / box
= Oa alee 2.6mmSol 10 AWG 26 38 55 40+ 1.10 1.10 30 150m / box
Q 32mm Sol 8 AWG 32 54 88 55 068 0.70 41 100m / box
2.0mm? St 14 AWG 18 28 24 25+ 2.70 2.70 22 150m / box
35mm St 12 AWG 23 33 37 30+ 1.70 1.70 26 180m / box
5.5mm St lWAWG 29 41 58 406 1.10 1.10 3 150m / box
8.0mm'St 8AWG 36 55 6 55 069 0.70 “4 100m / box
Conductor Sizes l4mm'Sr 6AWG 48 85 147 70 od 04s 82 150m / cod
_. 22mm'Str 4 AWG a7 a4 232 90 0.29 0.30 65 150m
/ col
From phelps dodge 20mm Sir = 2AWG 67 9.0 311 115 0.19 0.20 2 180m / coll
38mm? Str | 1 AWG 78 10.8 44 130 0.16 016 86 300m/ reel
50 mm? Str 10 AWG ae 11.8 514 150 0.13 0.13 oF 300m / reel
6Omny’ St 20AWG 98 127 625 170 O11 0.11 102 300m

/ reel
80mm’ Str WOAWG 12 142 813 205 0.088. 0.054 114 300m / reel
100mm?Str 40AWG = 127 15:7 1.026 225 0.074 o080 128 300m
/ reel
125mm? Str 250 MCM 143 17.8 1.2598 265 0.066 0.073 142 300m / ree!
150mm?Sty 30OMCM = 18.7 19.3 1.556 295 0.059 0.065 158 300m
/ reel
175mm? Str 350 MCM 17.0 20.8 1741 325 0.054 0.060 166 300m / ree!
200mm? Str 400MCM = 17.8 214 1.967 355 0.049 0.056 174 300m
/ reel
250 mm? Str 500 MCM 20.2 23.8 2.819 400 0.045 0.050 190 300m / reel
300mm?Str 6OOMCM = 223. 26.3 2.964 a7 0.042 ooda 210 300m

/ reel
325mm? Str 650 MCM 229 26.9 3.218 470 0.040 0.047 215 300m / reel
375mm Str 7TSOMCM © 28.0 296 3.677 500 0.037 0.084 237 300m
/ reel
400 mm? Str 800 MCM 255 29.7 3.974 515 0.036. 0.043 238 300m / reel
500mm! Str 1000MCM 28.2 322 4.809 580 0.032 0040 258 300m
/ reel

Steel Wire Braid

Armoured Cable
Steel
Wire Armoured
SWA Cable
Steel Tape Armoured

STA Cable
Armoured Cable (AC)
SPECIAL TYPES OF CABLES

Pe ELECTRICAL 1. Armored Cable (type AC)
MATERIALS a fabricated assembly of insulated
conductors enclosed in a flexible
AND metal sheath. The most common
EQUIPMENT type of AC run without raceways is
the NEC type flexible armored cable
known by the trade name BX.

2. Metal Clad Cable (Type MC)
a factory assembled cable of one or more conductors each
individually insulated and enclosedina metallic sheath of
interlocking tape ofa smooth or corrugated tube.


ELECTRICAL 3. Mineral Insulated Cable (Type Ml)
A factory assembled conductor/s insulated with a highly _
M ATE RI ALS AND compressed refractory mineral insulation enclosed in a liquid and
as tight continuous copper sheath. To maintain Its integrity, .
EQU IPM ENT erminations are made with compression rings, glands and sealing
compounds.
(compacted magnesium)

EQUIPMENT
4. Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable (NM or NMC)
Also known by the trade name ROMEX, is a factory assembly of two or
— more insulated conductors having a moisture resistant, flame retardant,
and non-metallic material outer sheath. For type NMC, the jacket is
additionally corrosion resistant. Since it is non-metallic, it is easier to
handle but more vulnerable to physical damage and therefore limited in
use to small buildings.

ELECTRICAL SPECIAL TYPES OF CABLES

5. Shielded Non-Metallic Sheathed
MATERIALS AND Cable (Type SNM)
A factory assembly of two of more
EQUIPMENT A a Be tons in as extrded
core of moisture resistant and flamé
retardant material covered within an
overlapping spiral metal tape.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
Se a
6. Underground Feeder and Branch
Circuit Cable (Type UF)
A moisture resistant cable used for
underground connections including direct
burial in the ground as feeder or branch
circuit.
(Ey Cet r= at eye)

ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
7. Service Entrance Cable (Type SE &
USE)
A single or multi-conductor assembly
provided with or without an overall
covering primarily used for service wire.
SE- with flame retardant covering
USE- without flamemetardant covering

8. Power and Control Tray Cable (Type TC)
A factory assembled two or more insulated
conductors with or without associated bare or.
covered grounding under a metallic sheath and is
used for installation in cable trays, raceways, or
were supported by wire.


ELECTRICAL 9. Flat Cable Assemblies (Type FC)
MATERIALS AND An assembly of parallel conductors formed integrally
EQUIPMENT with an insulating material web designed specially for
field installation in square structural channels.

ELECTRICAL 10. Flat Conductor Cable (Type FCC)
Consist of the three or more flat copper conductors
MATERIALS AND placed edge to edge separated and enclosed within
EQUIPMENT an insulating assembly. This type of cable is used
for appliance or individual branch circuits installed
inside floor surfaces.
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ELECTRICAL 11. Medium Voltage Cable (MV)
MATERIALS AND A single or multi-conductor solid dielectric insulated cable
EQU | PM ENT rated at 2,000 to 35,000 volts. Trade name is Medium
Voltage Solid Dielectric.
INSULATORS
Are materials which prevent the flow of electrons
through them.
« Glass, mica, rubber, oil, porcelain, and certain
synthetics such as phenolic compounds exhibit
this insulating property and are therefore used
ELECTRICAL to insulate electric conductors.
MATERIALS Deen
se : : foie ‘ ae ia}
:
AND : If insulation is above its recommended voltage
rating, it may break down causing short circuits
EQU IP | = a and arcing with the possibility of fire starting.
(Arcing usually occurs when a circuit
becomes overloaded and overheats. The
overheating causes damage not only to the
circuit breaker but also to its connection to the
bus. However, if a damaged circuit breaker
continues to allow electricityto flow, arcing
becomes a possibility)
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INSULATORS
¢ Ordinary building wiring is usually rated for
300V and 600V.
¢ In general, there are the unjacketed and
ELECTRICAL eecce hs) tes
MATE RIALS The unjacketed conductors are those which
consist of a copper conductor covered with
AN D) insulation T (thermoplastic) or TW (Moisture-
resistant thermoplastic).
EQUIPMENT
The jacketed ones are the THHN (heat-resistant
thermoplastic) and the THWN (Moisture and
heat-resistant thermoplastic) both of which have
a nylon jacket designated as N.
E LECTRICAL COMMON
MATERIALS AND
TYPES OF INSULATORS:
EQUIPMENT
Bay ND) a= oe =e eal MAX. OPERATING APPLICATION
aos PROVISIONS
MOISTURE & HEAT RHW 75°C DRY AND WET
RESISTANT RUBBER 167°F LOCATIONS
THERMOPLASTIC 7 60°C DRY LOCATIONS
140°F
MOISTURE-RESISTANT Tw 60°C DRY AND WET
THERMOPLASTICS 140°F LOCATIONS
HEAT RESISTANT THHN 90°C DRY LOCATIONS

THERMOPLASTIC 194°F
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ELECTRICAL
COMMON TYPES OF INSULATORS:
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TRADE NAME TYPE LETTER MAX. OPERATING TEMP. APPLICATION
PROVISIONS
MOISTURE & HEAT THW we DRY AND WET
RESISTANT 167°F LOCATIONS
THERMOPLASTIC
MOISTURE & HEAT THWN 75°C DRY AND WET
RESISTANT 167°F LOCATIONS
THERMOPLASTIC NYLON
COATED
MOISTURE & HEAT XHHW 90°C DRY LOCATIONS
RESISTANT CROSS- 194°F
LINKED
THERMOSETTING 75°C WET LOCATIONS
POLYETHELENE 167°F
ELECTRICAL
COMMON TYPES OF INSULATORS:
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TRADE NAME TYPE LETTER MAX. OPERATING TEMP. APPLICATION

PROVISIONS
SILICONE-ASBESTOS SA 90°C DRY LOCATIONS

194°F
ASBESTOS AND AVA 110°C DRY LOCATIONS ONLY

VARNISHED CAMBRIC 230°F

9/16/21, 2:29 PM CODE 108_ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2 - https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236?lesson_id=...
CODE 108 ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2
WEEK 4
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT 2
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we
could
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, So we will not fear
whatever
In Jesus’ name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical materials and its application; RACEWAYS,
CONDUITS, ELECTRICAL BOXES
LESSON PROPER:
https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236?lesson_id=1311 4056&section_id=47533216 1/11

AND EQUIPMENT
1.3 MEASURING ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION an for.
* To measure energy, the factor of time is
introduced, such that; energy = power x time
* A—C electric meters are basically small
motors whose speed is proportional to the
; power being used.
¢ The number of rotations is counted on the
dials which are calibrated directly in kilowatt-
hours.
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1.3 MEASURING ELECTRIC

ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION
i MATERIALS Types of KWH meters:
: AND « Analog type
_ EQUIPMENT + Digital type

Te P 2th 60H:
* Meter Bank xe TRS TRURREE 1 ©
ie SES os
O 493 439


1.4 RACEWAYS
These are channels or wiring accessories so designed for holding wires, cables and busbars
that are either made of metal, plastic, or any insulating medium.
Weal MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

TUN
1.4 RACEWAYS
Common type of Raceways
1. Conduit- is a tube in which electrical wires are housed for a variety of building
or structural applications. Conduit protects wires as well as any individuals who may
come into close proximity to the wires.
v
A sa,
eS
https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236?lesson_id=1311 4056&section_id=47533216
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS IW ee ey
1.4 RACEWAYS
Common e of Raceways
2. Wireway- are troughs with hinged or removable covers for housing and
protecting electric wires and cable. Conductors are laid into the wireway after the
wireway has been installed as a complete system.
ice eyi Trartic INT EQUIPMENT

1.4 RACEWAYS
Common e of Raceways
3. Cable tray- a unit assembly of units or sections and associated fittings forming a
rigid structural system used to support cables.
S ha

i a4" g¢ ae
1.4 RACEWAYS
Common type of Raceways
4. Busway/Busduct- an approved, completely assembled metal troughing and Yrs
containing bare conductors intended for use as feeders, the conductors being suitab
supported on insulators.
AND EQUIPMENT
1.4RACEWAYS
Other Common type of Raceways
1. Rigid-uPVC electrical moulding
1.4 RACEWAYS
Other Common e of Racewavs
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND Pate

1. Micatube
EQU IPM ENT 2. Liquid-tight Flexible metal conduit- same
construction as the flexible conduit, except that it is
covered with a liquid-tight jacket.
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS 1.4 RACEWAYS

AND EQUIPMENT Special type of Raceways
1. Floor Raceways- Under-floor, cellular
metal, cellular concrete (precast)


1.4 RACEWAYS
BTSe a em ela ee
2. Ceiling Raceways- header ducts (wireways), distribution ducts (laterals)
1.5 ELECTRICAL BOXES

ELECTRICAL Are points in the wiring system wherein pulling of conductors is done.
MATERIALS AND Sree

1 Utility Box/Switch Box/Outlet Box- enclosure for housing or
EQUIPMENT storing or holding fuses.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
1.5 ELECTRICAL BOXES
Common Types:
2. Junction Box- are metal or
EEL measure 2 % inches or
72 inches deep and it’s where
wires go to live when they are
joined together. Boxes that
mesures 2 x 3 and 2 % inches
deep generally contain 3 wire.
Types of Junction Box
= Oleit-lolela
-Round
-Rectangular
ELECTRICAL 1.5 ELECTRICAL BOXES

MATERIALS AND Se
3. Pull Box- a box with blank cover which is inserted in one or mor
EQU a runs or raceways to facilitate the pulling of wires.
1.6 CONDUITS
These are circular raceways used to enclose
wires and cables.
Purpose of Conduits
ELECTRICAL * To protect the enclosed conductors from
MATERIALS mechanical injury and chemical damage.
To protect people from shock hazards by
AN D providing a grounded enclosure.
EQUIPM = aE To provide a system ground path.
To protect the surroundings against fire hazard
as a result of overheating or short circuiting of
the enclosed conductors.
To support the conductors.
ELECTRIC
1.6 CONDUITS
Common Types of Metallic (Steel) Conduits:
1. RSC (Rigid Steel Conduit); heavy-wall steel conduits with an approximate thickness
of 0.117mm.
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1.6 CONDUITS
2. IMC (Intermediate Metal Conduit); with wall thickness of 0.071mm

1.6 CONDUITS
3. EMT (Electrical Metallic Tubing); thin-wall steel conduits

1.6 CONDUITS
RSC’s and IMC’s use the same fitting, called conduit
couplings, and are threaded alike at the joints.
IMCs yield a larger inside diameter for easier wire
ELECTRICAL pulling and is lighter than the RSC.
AN SS EMTs are not threaded but use set screw and

pressure fitting and are usually not embedded in
AND concrete nor permitted in hazardous areas.
Standard length of steel conduit is 10ft. (3.05m)
EQUIPMENT The minimum requirement of utility companies for
service entrance conduit is RSC. When steel
conduits are installed in direct contact with the earth,
it is advisable to use the hot-dip galvanized type and
to coat the joints with asphaltum.

WEEK 5
WIRING METHODS, DEVICES, & SWITCHES
Lord God,
We pray for your protection as we begin this day. You are our hiding place, and under your wings we
could
Your love and faithfulness, along with Your goodness and mercy, surround us daily, So we will not fear
whatever
In Jesus’ name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
WIRING DEVICES, SWITCHES, OVERCURRENT DEVICES
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical materials and its application: Switches and Overcurrent
Devices
LESSON PROPER:
https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236?lesson_id=13353148&section_id=48573258 1119
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
Wiring device includes all devices that
are normally installed in wall; outlets
boxes, including receptacles and their
matching cap (plug), switches, dimmers,
pilot light, attachment plugs and wall
Pel atom
Receptacles are contact devices
installed at the outlet for the connection
of a single attachment plug.
A power receptacle is the wiring device
in which the utilization equipment
(appliance) cord is plugged into.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
ee
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
An outletis a point in the wiring
Cie ele OLE ges 10) mo Co Lose)
supply utilization
equipment/appliances. It refers only
to the box.
1. Power Outlet or Convenience
Outlet or Attachment Cap
The complete setup which
establishes connection between the
conductor of the flexible cord and the
conductors connected permanently to
the receptacle. The common wall
outlet is a convenience outlet.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
2. Lighting Outlet
Is an outlet intended for direct
connection to a lamp
receptacle, lighting fixture, or
a
pendant cord terminating in a
lamp holder.
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ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
ee
1.7 WIRING DEVICES
3. Receptacle Outlet
Is a power outlet where one or
more receptacles are installed.
ELECTRICAL
ACPOWERPLUGS ANDSOCKETS ISOMETR
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
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1.7 WIRING DEVICES
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MATERIALS AND Di oiaccleleLs
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1.7 WIRING DEVICES

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Receptacle (TRR)
Arce Fault Circuit

- interrupter
(AFCl) Receptacle
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Receptacle
eae en
USB Receptacle onnection source,
White Duplex Light Almond Duplex Ivory Duplex
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
WALL PLATES AND
FACEPLATES
yi Faceplates- a protective
plate surrounding an electric
outlet or light switch. These
are coverings for switches
and wall outlets usually
made of metal or of phenolic
compound (bakelite)
Wall plates- are single
gang, two gang and three-
gang.
T
White Decor Light Almond Decor IvoryDecor
AND EQUIPMENT
SWITCHES
Are devices for making, breaking
or changing conditions in an
electrical circuit under the
conditions of load which they are
rated. Switches are rated
according to current and voltage,
duty, poles and throw, fusibility
and enclosure.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCH
ACCORDING TO VOLTAGE
Switches are rated as:
y2e) 0A)
sea
Or 5KV
ELECTRICAL TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING

Wee ede TO INTENSITY OF USE
1. Normal Duty (ND)- intended for
py D normal use in light and power
EQUIPMENT circuits as in general-purpose
switches
2. Heavy Duty (HD)- intended for
frequent interrupting.
3. Light Duty (LD)- intended to
connect the loads occasionally,
such as service switches.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS
AND
OU a a
TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING

TO TYPE OF SERVICE
1. Service Switch- intended to
disconnect all electric service
in the building except
emergency equipment. This
may comprise one to six
property rated switches that
are assembledintorarswitch
board.
AND EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCHACCORDING TO TYPE
OF SERVICE
2. Power Switches
A. General purpose switches-are
intended for use in general distribution
and branch circuit
Disconnecting or isolating switches-
are intended for disconnecting or
isolating circuits such as NFDS (Non
fusible disconnect switch), FDS (fusible
disconnect switch), Emergency switches
VAN Nahai
AND EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING TO TYPE OF
SERVICE
3. Wiring Switches
Include all the relatively small switches that are
employed in interior wiring installations for the
control of branch circuits, individual lamps or
appliances.
A. General Purpose Switch
Are single-pole or double pole switches forthe
general-purpose use of connecting or cutting-off
circuits for the control of lamps or other loads froma
single point.
i.e. toggle/tumbler, wide series
ELECTRICAL
Re) TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING
AND TO TYPE OF SERVICE
EQUIPMENT 3. Wiring Switches
B. Three-way Switches
Are used where it is desired to
control lamps from two different
points, as in a stairwell.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING
TO TYPE OF SERVICE
pT) 3. Wiring Switches
EQUIPMENT C. Four-way Switches
Are used in conjunction with two to
three wire switches where it is
desired to control lamps from three
or more desired points.
ELECTRICAL y
MATERIALS AND rt a.
3
Z ep ——_
ee ;
.'
a
al
aa
TYPE OF SWITCH "

ACCORDING TO TYPE OF ie
SERVICE =
eea
3. Wiring Switches |
.
D. Electrolier
or Multi-Circuit
Switches
Are used for the control of lights
in multi-lamp fixtures so that
one lamp or set of lamps may
be turned on alone or in
combination with other lamps.
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TO TYPE OF SERVICE
3. Wiring Switches
E. Momentary Contact
Switches
Are used where it is desired to
connect or cut-off a circuit for only
a short duration. The switch is
provided with a spring so that it
will return to its original position
as soon as the handle or button is
released.
re eee
TYPE OF SWITCH ACCORDING TO TYPE OF
SERVICE
3. Wiring Switches
F. Dimmer Switches
A rheostat or similar device for regulating the
intensity of an electric light without appreciably
affecting spatial distribution. Also called a dimmer.
*Wiring switches may either be the flush type,
surface type or the pendant type.
*Rheostat- a resistor for regulating a current by
means of variable resistances.
ELECTRICAL | ses
GO
216!
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCHACCORDING TO
OPERATION MECHANISM
Wiring switches may also be classified
according to the operating mechanism
Ee
1. Rotary Switch
2. Push-button Switch
3. Toggle or Tumbler Switch
ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SWITCH
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF
gO) PN Pe)
1. Poles- that part of the switch
which is used for making or
breaking of a connection and (marked on & off)
which is electrically insulated
from other contact making or
breaking parts. Switches are
available in 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 pole
construction.

ELECTRICAL TO NUMBER OF POLES AND
MATERIALS THROWS
2. Throws- a single throw switch is
AN D one which will make a closed circuit
EQUIPMENT only when the switch is thrown in
one position. A double throw switch
will make a closed circuit when
thrown in either of two positions.
Double throw switches are often
used to transfer a load from one
source to another as for example
from normal to emergency supply or
from one feeder to an alternate.
AND EQUIPMENT
SPECIAL TYPES OF SWITCHES

1. Time-Controlled Switches- this device
comprises a precision low speed miniature
drive motor (timer) to which some type of
electric contact-making device is connected.
Remote-Control (RC) Switches- a
contactor or more specifically, a relay, that
latches after being operated wireless from a
distance.
Air Switch- a switch in which the
interruption of a circuit occurs in air.
ELECTRICAL MATERIALS ‘e E- ze
AN eee ca. —
4. Knife Switch-a form of air switch in
which a hinged copper blade is placed
between two contact clips.
5. Float Switch-a switch controlled by a
conductor floating in a liquid.
6. Mercury Switch- an especially quiet
switch that opens and closes an electric
circuit by shifting a sealed glass tube of
mercury so as to uncover or cover the
contacts.
ELECTRICAL
UW Ne LB)
EQUIPMENT
7. Key Switch- a switch operated only
by inserting a key or a card. Also calleda
card switch.
8. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)-
this device, an essential part of an
emergency or standby service, is
basically a double throw switch,
generally 3-pole, so arranged that on
failure of normal power, emergency
service is automatically supplied.
9. Motion Control Switch
AND EQUIPMENT
OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICES
These are devices whose sole purpose is to
protect insulation, wiring, switches and
other apparatus from overheating or
burning, due to overloads, to faults or to
short circuits, by automatically cutting off
the circuit. The two most common devices
used are the fuse and the circuit breaker.
While panel boards and switchboards or
switchgears compose an assembly of fuses
or circuit breakers.
AND EQUIPMENT

Fuse- is an overcurrent protection device that
consist of a strip of metal with a low melting strip.
However, when its current rating is exceeded, the
metal strip heats up and melt, and the circuit is
opened thereby interrupting current flow. The
cause of the large current may be removed, and
a new fuse inserted in place of the broken one.
Fuses may also be classified as “one-time use”
and “renewable”. The renewable fuse may be
disassembled, and a new fuse link inserted to
replace the one within.
AND EQUIPMENT

The general rule is that a wire rated to carry a
definite number of amperes should be
protected by a fuse of lower or similar rating.
Type of Fuses:
1. Plug Fuse
Type enclosed in a porcelain cap used in
circuits not exceeding 125V; screw into
sockets much like a lamp; they are rated 5A to
30A; Edison-base plug fuse had threads
similarto an ordinary incandescent lamp base
re eee
Type of Fuses:
2. Cartridge Fuse
Cylindrical in shape, enclosed with insulating fiber
-Cartridge Type With Ferrule Contacts- 250 to 600
volts; current rating from 5-60 amperes.
-Cartridge Type With Knife Blade Contacts- 250 to
600 volts; current rating from 70-600 amperes.
-Cartridge type with Bolted Knife Blade Contacts-
600 volts; current rating from 800-6000 amperes.
OVER-CURRENT PROTECTIVE
DEVICES
ELECTRICAL Type of Fuses:
MATERIALS
3. Open Link Fuse
This consists of a wire or strip of
PND easily melted metal; it has the

disadvantage of disrupting
EQUIPMENT
violently when short circuit occurs;
it is allowed only on sizes smaller
than 600 amps and must be
placed in a cabinet
DEVICES
ELECTRICAL Type of Fuses:
MATERIALS 4. Time Delay Fuse

Can handle overload for fraction
PNY |e of a second without blowing; they
are desirable on circuits serving
EQUIPMENT electric motors because motors
draw much current at start-up
than during normal operations.
AND EQUIPMENT

|
el | aL \
Circuit Breaker mea \ NOWNOD)
i"
BFv
“WON
Is an overcurrent protective device that
Uae.
serves two purpose: it acts as a switch that

can be opened and closed manually, and it |
automatically “trips off which opens the |
circuit when current flowing through it ee
5
;
exceeds the circuit rating. a
Once it trips, it can be reset (closed like a |
switch) and will continue to allow electricity
flow if it does not exceed circuit rating.

Tripping
Most circuit breakers are equipped with both
thermal and magnetic trips.
ELECTRICAL 1. Thermal Trip- similar in action to a thermostat.
UAW Std eS Heat generated by excessive current causes

an element to move and trip the latching
AND mechanic of the breaker thus opening the

breaker contacts and thereby the circuit.
= QU | Pr M = Ny T *thermostat- an instrument, which responds to the
changes in temperature and consists of sensitive
elements, which expands and contacts according to
the degree of heat. The movement may make or
break an electric current or may close and open a
small port in a compressed airline.
DEVICES
ELECTRICAL
Tripping
Most circuit breakers are
UN SAS equipped with both thermal and

magnetic trips.
PND 2. Magnetic Trip- comprises a

coil with a movable core. On short
EQUIPMENT circuits, magnetic forces actuate

the core which trips the circuit
breaker latch.
i.e. switchboards
ELECTRICAL
UW Ne LB)
EQUIPMENT
Commercial Type Breakers
+ Bolt-on (single to 4 phase)
+ Plug-in
« ECB (enclosedcircuit breaker)
+ GFCI (grounding
fault circuitinterrupter)
*AT (amp trip)

*AF (amp frame)
*KAIC (kilo amp interrupting capacity/kilo amp breaking
capacity)
BOLT-ON
AND EQUIPMENT
GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT
INTERRUPTERS
Is an overcurrent protective device that
will provide ground fault protection as
well as function as an ordinary circuit
breaker. This also comes in a form ofa
receptacle outlet type.
GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF

OVERCURENT DEVICES
1. Overcurrent devices must be placed
on the line side (or supply side) of
ELECTRICAL 2.
the equipment being protected.
Overcurrent devices must be placed
MATERIALS in all ungrounded conductors of the
protected circuit.
AND 3. All equipment should be protected in

accordance with their respective
EQUIPMENT
current-carrying capacity.
*Line Side- refers to the upstream side of
a load or device; or it refers to where the
current will come from. The downstream
side of the device is called the “load
side”.
9/25/21, 1:23 PM CODE 108_ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2 - https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236?from=%2F
st...

WEEK 6
BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Lord God,
In Jesus' name,
AMEN!
Hello everyone!
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND COMPONENTS OF BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical circuitry and its application and the components of building
electrical system
LESSON PROPER:
st...
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
An electrical circuitis a continuous path along
BUILDING which electric. current can flow.
A simple circuit is composed of a power source
E ie ECTRI CAL (e.g. battery or generator); the load, an electrical
SYSTEMS component or group of components that
consume electricity (e.g. lamp or appliances):
and a set of conductors (e.g. wires) that carry
current from the source to the load.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
250.130(C)(3) A non-
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS grounding type receptacle
iL. can be replaced with a
The two wire circuit is the most grounding type receptacle if
elementary of all wiring systems. an equipment grounding
conductor is installed and
This consists of a live (hot) wire ul connected to the equipment
carrying the current to the various ground terminal bar within
power consuming devices in the the enclosure where the
circuit and a neutral or grounded wire PISnen ENS ria eters
which is the return wire carrying the
circuit back to the source of supply.
Each circuit is commonly protected by
an overcurrent protective device (e.g.
fuse or circuit breaker); and can be
controlled by control devices such as
switches.
https://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236 ?from=%2F student_dropbox_assignment%2Fshow%2F26839045&lesson_id=1345... 2/12

st...
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Closed circuit Open circuit
vos
Types of Circuits
1. Open Circuit (broken or incomplete)-
this results if the path of current flow is
interrupted, such as if the switch in a circuit
is opened (turned off). The switch breaks the
conductor path, which prevents current from
flowing from power source through the
conductor to the lamp.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
{[,
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS | |
Types of Circuits wey
2. Closed Circuit- is an uninterrupted path u | af
that allows a continuous flow of current
through an electrical circuit. A circuit is closed Spee : Closed
when the switch is turned on, allowing current Circuit Circuit
to flow uninterrupted and the lamp to light. The
switch completes the conductor path, which . [
allows current to flow from the power source alien
through the conductor to the lamp. To
complete the circuit, a second conductor runs
from the lamp back to the power source.

st...
ELECTRICALCIRCUITS
BUILDING Types of Circuits
ELECTRICAL 3. Short Circuit-a short circuit occurs when
currentleaks out of the intended conductor path
SYSTEMS such as out of a wire damaged insulation. A short
circuit is a dangerous condition.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Series Circuit
ELECTRICALCIRCUITS a =
ci
Ps
Circuiting Configurations
1. Series Circuit
Is connected so that current passes through
each componentin the circuit without
branching off to individual components of the
circuit.
All separate loads of the circuit carry the Bee oe cuieg Voltage ©
same equal current and the total resistance,
R, is the sum of the resistances around the
circuit.

st...
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
1. Series Circuit
Rule 1: the total current in a series circuit is equal to
the current in any other part of the circuit.
Rule 2: the voltage in a series circuit is equal to the
sum of the voltages across all parts of the circuit.
Rule 3: the total resistance of a series circuit is
equal to the sum of the resistances of all the parts
of the circuit.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
2. Parallel Circuits
Current branches off to individual components
in the circuit.
Each outlet has a live wire connected to the
current carrying wire of the circuit and alsoa
neutral wire or grounded wire connected to the
return wire of the circuit. With this system, the
total current flowing through the circuit is the
sum of the current flowing through each outlet.

st...
* ae. LT
|
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Aseries circuit requires fewer connections than
a parallel circuit, if one lamp fails the circuit
becomes open and all lamps go out. Ina
parallel circuit, if one lamp fails, the circuit
remains closed and all other lamps remain lit.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Rule 1: the total currentin a parallel circuitis equal to the
sum of the currents in all branches of the circuit.
Rule 2: the total voltage across any branch in parallel is
equal to the voltage across any branch and is also equal
to the total voltage.
Rule 3: the total resistance of a parallel circuitis found by
applying ohm’s law to the total values of the circuit.

st...
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
BUILDING Circuiting Configurations

3. Combination Circuits
ELECTRICAL Rule 1: combination circuits make
it possible to obtain different
SYSTEMS voltages of series circuits and
different currents of parallel
circuits.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Classification of Branch Circuits
1. General Purpose Branch Circuit
BUILDING Supplies outlets for lighting and appliances,

including convenience receptacles.
ELECTRICAL 2. Appliance Branch Circuit
SYSTEMS Supplies outlets intended for feeding appliances.

Fixed lighting is not supplies.
3. Individual Branch Circuit
Is designed to supply a single specific item, such
as a motor load or a unit air-conditioner.

st...
Branch Circuit
BUILDING Article 100 Definition
ELECTRICAL | | Starts at the final
SYSTEMS il overcurrent device.
Service-Entrance Conductors
abe
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS l
| aX
tN _ _ Ends where
Classification of Branch
Circuits |
iN
= *
the load is
connected.
Legend i
Ene : Copyright 2011, www.MikeHolt.com
Branch Ckt.§
GENERAL CIRCUITING GUIDELINES

The National Electrical Code requires the
following rules and guidelines for the design of
branch circuits for residences:
1. General: Branch circuits shall be sufficient to
BUILDING supply a load of 30 Watts per square meter in
ELECTRICAL buildings excluding porches, garages and

basements.
SYSTEMS - The requirement of 30 watts/sqm is up to 80

sqm for a 20 amperes circuit (2,400watts) or 60
sqm for a 15 amperes circuit (1,800waitts).
- However, good practice suggest that the load
should not exceed 1,600watts for a 20 amperes
circuit and 1,200watts for a 15 amperes circuit.

st...

2. In all but the smallest installations, connect
BUILDING lighting, convenience receptacles, and
ELECTRICAL appliances in separate circuits. The code
requires a minimum of 2-20 amperes
SYSTEMS appliance branch circuit to feed all small
appliance outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining
and family room.

BUILDING 3. Convenience receptacles in an area shall
ELECTRICAL be wired to at least two different circuits so
that in case of failure in any one of the
SYSTEMS circuits, the entire area will not be deprived of
power.

st...
BUILDING GENERAL CIRCUITING GUIDELINES

4. General purpose branch circuits shall be
ELECTRICAL rated at 20 amperes wired with 3.5mm2
minimum. Switch legs may be 2.0mm2z if the
SYSTEMS lighting load permits.

BUILDING 5, Limit the circuit load for lighting and small
ELECTRICAL appliances on 15 amp and 20 amp circuit
loads and on 15 and 20 amp overcurrent
SYSTEMS device (use fuse or circuit breaker)
respectively.
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st...
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
ed Single Phase Elect rici

SINGLE AND THREE-PHASE BE eri EE a een , Cor poet
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ee ee
A single-phase electrical system
can either be 2-wire or 3-wire
and composes two hot legs and
a neutral/ground wire. The
single-phase systems are the:
1. Two-wire Single Phase DC
or AC (residential)
SINGLE AND THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL

he)
BUILDING 2. Three-wire Single Phase DC (Edison
ELECTRICAL | System)
ASHE as 3. Three-wire Single Phase AC
*The purpose of phasing is to balance the
loads of the building
st...
SINGLEAND THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL

BUILDING SYSTEMS
ELECTRICAL Bales se te eis
SYSTEMS 4
1. Three-wire Three phase AC
Four-wire Three phase AC
Service
The supplying. of utilities required
‘of demanded by the public
.. Substation
aH An auxiliary power station
SUM CM | cca BS
where electncal cutrent is
£ converted of where vohage
~ is stepped up of down
usually caused by tesistance

or
along the line pT x
ELECTRICAL
cued feakage =
x 4! =< ne Av r a
ah
Senvice Entrance Conductor pasate Service Drop
The poftion of asenice conductor extending Thesovethead ‘portion of senace
fom asenice drop of Senice fateral 10 the “= conductors extending from the
sence equipment of a building nearest utity pole to 3 building
Servicelateral 7 2 Hi,*
“eee The underground portion of senice
conductors extending from a main
power Ene of transformer toa
fespect to time i ees ma balding
Components of the Buildin Comair the Room

Ritevled roomVauitRousing | {| “Swichgear
(renstermer cate | pos Anyengothe foconducts
frornBe th:
i ri
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\ Uh equipment i ieieseweres
Electrical System
=
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i
a bling
Hosa, scl Service Equipment
for
contfoliing, metering and
protecting the electnc
Generator Lhet}| power. supply toa builkdag,
For ponding emergency power Bo “i ee
‘One of 8 group of panels on A ing enclosure
aaah
which are mounted switches, bout aiscornect (Oe
Power Supply
‘Uninterruptible system qvercurrent: Gevices. switch, a gee
Anemeigency dasigned
No prenide per automatically and and a Hol
instantaneously ehipeat
Se

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9/8/2021 CODE 108_ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2 - httos://usl-tuguegarao.neolms.com/student_lesson/show/2735236?lesson_id=1243773...

CODE 108_ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2

-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical systems

There are two (2) general classes of

1.2 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY

1.2 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY

1.2 UNITS OF ELECTRICITY

SYSTEMS | (amp) = E (volts) / R (ohms)

* Other equations associated with the ohm’s law

1.4 TYPES OF CURRENT

1.4 TYPES OF CURRENT

SYSTEMS The number of times the current goes through the

1.5 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICAL Electrostatics (by friction)

SYSTEMS -When certain materials are rubbed

1.5 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

1.5 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

1.5 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

CODE 108_ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS: SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical systems

1.5 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS J ysusee Battery

1.6 OTHER DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES

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1.6 OTHER DYNAMO

1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

The control devices and systems are referred

1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

The unsheddable loads (in building/structure) are:

ELECTRICAL 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

ELECTRICAL 1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

1.7. ELECTRIC LOAD CONTROL

CODE 108_ARCH 1233-BUILDING UTILITIES 2

ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

-To acquire fundamental knowledge on electrical materials and its application

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ELECTRICAL Types of Conductors

ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

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ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND

Equivalent diameter diameter ‘weight ampacity 3 conductors in*** SxcableOD Packaging

6Omny’ St 20AWG 98 127 625 170 O11 0.11 102 300m

300mm?Str 6OOMCM = 223. 26.3 2.964 a7 0.042 ooda 210 300m

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Steel Wire Braid

Steel Tape Armoured

Armoured Cable (AC)

SPECIAL TYPES OF CABLES

SPECIAL TYPES OF CABLES

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SPECIAL TYPES OF CABLES

ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND

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