LESSON

Can I trust you? (Posso confiar em você?)

Can I count on you? (Posso confiar em você?)
Your trust means a lot to me. (sua confiança significa muito pra mim)
You can count on me. (Pode contar comigo)

INDIFERENÇA

I don’t care. (não estou nem aí)

Whatever. (Tanto faz)
It really makes no difference to me. (não faz a mínima diferença para mim)

SINCE + VERB
He took a taxi because he was late.
Because he was late, he took a taxi.
Since he was late, he took a taxi.

Since he had time, he took a bus.

was tired, he took a nap.
had money, he took a trip.
was thirsty, he drank a coke.
was high, he got tired.
SINCE + VERB
EXPRESSES A SITUATION THAT WILL HAVE A CERTAIN RESULT

Since he was late, he decided not to go.

Since = because = considering the fact that = due to the fact that = as

Since/As he is late, he’d better take a taxi.

he is fat, he’d better work out.
he is tired, he’d better rest a little.
he is ill, he’d better see a doctor.

He’d better take a taxi.

work out.
rest a little.
see a doctor.
park somewhere else.

His car was towed away because it was parked, by (near) a hydrant.

He intended to travel around the states.

He decided to enroll at a trade school.
He learned to speak English.
He planned to go to the barbecue with us.
He needed to calm down.

He promised to keep his room neat.

He tried to flirt with the flight attendant.
He expected to get a promotion.
He agreed to be back by the end of the year.
He promised to keep his mouth shut.

INFINITIVE REPRESENTED BY “TO”

Did you want to go out for a drink?
I wanted to go out for a drink but I couldn’t.
I wanted to go out, but I couldn’t.

I wanted to, but I couldn’t.

I needed to,
I hoped to,
I tried to,
I planned to
I meant to,
I promised to,

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COMPARATIVES
Entertainment isn’t very cheap nowadays.
It used to be much cheaper.
Big cities aren’t very safe nowadays.
Life isn’t very good here.
Henry isn’t very amusing nowadays.
He used to be much more polluted.

SO THAT
I’m saving money because I want to travel.
so as to be able to travel.
so that I can travel.

I’m saving money so that I can buy a car.

I’m working hard I can get a raise (ter um aumento).
I’m getting married I can have kids.
I’m studying hard I can go to college.
I’m working out I can be more attractive.
I’m learning English I can get a scholarship.

WHILE
I dropped my keys while I was rushing to class.
There were problems while inflation was going up.
He should have been more careful while he was crossing the street.
There was a real estate boom while the new capital was being built.

Are you planning to go to the States?

Yes, I am, but I don’t know when I’ll be able to go.
Do you want to take a course in the states?
Yes, I do, but I’m not sure when I’ll have enough money to go.

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A – Where are you going?
B – I’m going to the American Consulate Library. I’d like to take a look at the
American college directory. Wouldn’t you like to come along?
A – Yes, sure. You know I’d love to apply for a post grad scholarship abroad,
but I want to get my degree here first.
B – I guess it must be pretty hard to get to scholarship for post graduate work
in the states.
A – It’s tough, plus your TOEFL score has got to be good.
What are the chances of getting into one of the top schools for undergraduate
work?
B – Well, it depends on your high school transcripts, and I realize my grades
just aren’t good enough. I wouldn’t be an accepted by any of the top schools.
I’d just like to enroll in a decent school, improve my English and experience
another lifestyle.
A – Sounds Good! Let’s got over to the consulate and check it out.

You look tired.

tired out.
I guess you’re exhausted.
beat.
I bet you’re knocked out.
worn out.
dead.
Jane’s. intelligent
quick-witted.
smart.
shrewd.
bright.
sharp.
clever.

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MIGHT / TO DEPEND ON
I might go out. It depends on the weather.
get accepted. It depends on my grades.
buy it. It will depend on the price.

I just might accept the jobs. It will depend on the salary.

I just might get a raise. It will depend on the negotiations.

Is your friend going to drop over tonight

drop by
drop in on
come by
come around

I think most people apply to more than one college.

I suppose
I guess
I believe
I’m pretty sure
I bet
I reckon

I guess it must be pretty hard to get a scholarship.

I guess it must be pretty to become a prima ballerina.

TWO-WORD VERBS
(Some two-word verbs are separable)

The parts of separable two-words verbs (verb + particle (partícula))

Can be separated by a noun object and have to be separated by a pronoun

object.

verb object
Please call UP your friend.
call your friend UP.
call him UP.

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SEPARABLE TWO-WORDS VERBS
To look *up
Put on your coat. To take * off
Put it on.
To turn * on To turn * off
Try on the dress.
Try it on.
To throw * away
To write * down
Look up the new idioms. Look them up.
Pick up some magazines. Pick them up.
Throw away that old suitcase Throw it away

INSEPARABLE TWO-WORDS VERBS

To look at to pay for come along
To look for to think about to come over
To wait for to apply for to call on
To stand up to send for
to sit down.

Start to playing attention to this detail from now on.

Only practice and habit will tell you whether a two-word verb is separable or
not

Education in the United States of America.

Secondary education for all citizens is guaranteed by law in the United States
with attendance being mandatory up to the age of sixteen. Consequently, public
education is free up to college.
Although public education is reasonably good, there are a number of private
schools, religious organizations.

There are a great number of private universities. Some of them lie Harvard,
Princeton, Yale, M.I.T. and John Hopkins have a worldwide reputation for

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excellence.

State universities are much cheaper than private ones, but even so, college
education is expensive.

Residents of the state pay a lower tuition than other students, since these
universities are supported by states taxes.

Private universities are supported by tuition (mensalidade), donation (doação)

and grants (subsídios). Donations usually come from successful and prosperous
alumni (ex-alunos), and grants come from individuals or corporations. Both
donations and grants given to universities are tax deductible.

A variety of scholarships, fellowships and loans are available at state and

private colleges. Top high school graduates may get academic scholarships
which cover part or all of their educational costs.
Since most universities have extensive athletic programs, it is not difficult for
an outstanding athlete e graduating from high school to get a scholarship. At
the better colleges, the students on athletic scholarships are expected to keep
a minimum acceptable average (média).

Part-time jobs are usually available both on and off campus. The money earned
helps the students pay at least part of their expenses while in college.

While still seniors in high school, students begin to apply to colleges of their
choice. Most students apply to at least three colleges because the competition
to get into the better colleges is extremely stiff (rígido/duro).

The applicants have to send in transcripts of their high scholl grades along with
character reference letters, written by principals, members of the guidance
department, or teachers from their high schools.

It is just about impossible to get into on of the top colleges without na

outstanding academic record in high school. The children and grandchildren of
alumni have a certain preference, especially if these alumni give financial
support to the college through donations.

Most colleges are rigid in their selection criteria because their reputations
depend on the professional success of their graduates. In recent years, there
has been a lot of pressure on colleges to admit a larger number of applicants

From minority groups, even if some of these students are academically weaker
(mais fraco).

The college board exam knows at the S.A.T. is given on the same day and time
to all the high school senior in the country. The results of this exam are one of
the main factors in determining. Whether a student will be accepted or not at
a certain college. Although high school transcripts are important the S.A.T.
scores carry the most weight in the selection process.

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After their transcripts and character letters have been sent, the students begin
to pay much more attention to the postman’s daily visit. If they are not
accepted at the better colleges, they still have a great number of smaller,
lesser-known (menos conhecida) colleges to choose former.

There also various junior or community colleges that charge a very low tuition
and accept anyone with a high school diploma. They offer a two year program
after which the students may enter the job market or try to transfer to a regular
four-year University.

WHAT A/AN
The debate was great. What a great debate.
The film was monotonous What a monotonous film.
The party was wild. What wild party.
The idea was interesting. What an interesting idea!

Expressions
Bill wrecked his car. What a shame!
Mary got held up. What a pity!
My friend was arrested. What a mess!
Some thieves stabbed the old man. What a pain!
Some street kids were murdered (assassinado). How awful!
The cook is leaving tomorrow. Poor thing!
What a drag!
How upsetting!
How horrible!

What a .... (pity [pena], shame, drag, etc.)

He said he’d visit us tonight.

He said he’d come around tonight.
He said he’d pass by my place tonight.

Why didn’t she wait for me?

She said she was in a hurry.

What’s she so sad about?

She said she missed her family.

What’s she so upset about?

She said she had to be in my midnight.

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SUBORDINATE CLAUSES WITH “WHAT”
What’s John going to do tonight?
I’m not sure what he’s going to do tonight, but I imagine/guess he’ll stay in (or
go out).

I don’t know whether I’ll be visiting my relative

I’ll take part in the chess tournament.
my sister will be having a party.
I’ll be advised.
my wife will be fined.

We’ll be working on the new schedule all weekend.

waiting anxiously for your reply.
looking forward to your visit.

I won’t be studying tonight and neither will my sister.

having a class tonight and neither will my sister-
in-law.
having a meeting at the office and neither will my
brother-in-law.
watching TV tonight and my father-in-law won’t
either.
playing bridge tonight and my mother-in-law
either.

We have to stop at a convenience store.

for a snack.
to fill up the tank.

We’ve got to stop for a quick bite.

for a bite to eat.
to go to the rest room.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES WITH “WHEN”

He called us when he got a promotion.
he got hired.
he got the sack (= was fired)

We’ll know the answers when the results come out.

We called them when we found out about the problem.

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IN SPITE OF - DESPITE
She was a good job in pite of not being qualified.
She’s good-looking not being skinny.
She speaks well not being educated.

She eats a lot of sugar despite being diabetic.

She fools around in class being an adult.
She bugs her friends knowing they hate it.
She spends a lot on clothes not making much money

What’s the problem?

What’s the matter with you?
What’s bothering you?
What’s bugging you?

Why are you so uptight (nervous, tense)?

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 The importance of building resilience
By Joshua Miles

We all experience points in our lives where we face challenges, difficulties, and
issues. Often, we are told by friends, "Be strong, you’ll get through this," or
"You need to be more resilient". But what does that mean, and how can we
achieve it in a practical sense?

Why is resilience important?

As we all know, when we are in a weakened position where we feel as if things
are going from bad to worse, it can be very difficult to find our balance, or
swim against the tide, or, recover and regain stability.

Resilience is important for several reasons; it enables us to develop mechanisms

for protection against experiences that could be overwhelming, helps us to
maintain balance in our lives during difficult or stressful periods, and can also
protect us from the development of some mental health difficulties and issues.

The benefits of resilience

Improved learning and academic achievement.
Lower absences from work or study due to sickness.
Reduced use of risk-taking behaviors such as excessive drinking, smoking or use
of drugs. Increased involvement in community or family activities. A lower rate
of mortality and increased physical health.

Choice: embrace the possible

“We don’t know where we’re going. We don’t know what’s going to happen.
Just remember, no one can take away from you what you put here in your own
mind.”

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