M18/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ2/XX/M

Markscheme

May 2018

Physics

Higher level

Paper 2

18 pages
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This markscheme is the property of the International

Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any
other person without the authorization of the IB Global Centre,
Cardiff.
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Question Answers Notes Total

1. a i towards the centre «of the circle» / horizontally to the right  Do not accept towards the centre of the bowl 1
1. a ii downward vertical arrow of any length  Judge the length of the vertical arrow by eye. The
construction lines are not required. A label is not required
arrow of correct length 
eg: N

1. a iii ALTERNATIVE 1
F = N cos θ 
mg = N sinθ 
dividing/substituting to get result 
ALTERNATIVE 2 eg:

right angle triangle drawn with F, N and W/mg labelled  3

angle correctly labelled and arrows on forces in correct
directions 
correct use of trigonometry leading to the required O mg
relationship  tan θ= =
A F
mg
F=
tan θ

(continued…)
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(Question 1 continued)

Question Answers Notes Total

1. b mg v2 Award [4] for a bald correct answer
=m 
tanθ r Award [3] for an answer of 13.9/14 «ms-1». MP2 omitted

r = R cos θ 
4
gR cos2 θ gR cos θ 9.81× 8.0 cos 22
v= / / 
sinθ ta nθ ta n 22

v = 13.4 / 13 «m s−1» 
1. c there is no force to balance the weight/N is
horizontal  2
so no / it is not possible  Must see correct justification to award MP2

(continued…)
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(Question 1 continued)
Question Answers Notes Total
1. d i the «restoring» force/acceleration is proportional to Direction is not required
1
displacement 
1. d ii g 9.81 Allow use of g = 9.8 or 10
=ω «= » = « 1.107 s−1 » 
R 8.0 l
Award [0] for a substitution into T = 2π
g 2
2π 2π
=
T «= = » 5.7 « s » 
ω 1.107
1. d iii sine graph  Accept ± sine for shape of the graph. Accept 5.7 s or 6.0 s for the
correct period.
correct amplitude «0.13 m s–1» 
correct period and only 1 period shown  1
Amplitude should be correct to ± square for MP2
2
eg: v / m s–1 0.2

0.1

0.0
2 4 6 8 t/s

–0.1

–0.2

(continued…)
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(Question 1 continued)

Question Answers Notes Total

1. e =
speed before collision 2gR » 12.5 « ms−1 » 
v «= Allow 12.5 from incorrect use of
kinematics equations
Award [3] for a bald correct answer
Award [0] for mg (8 ) = 2 mgh leading
to h = 4 m if done in one step.

1 Allow ECF from MP1 3

«from conservation of momentum» common speed after collision is initial
2
12.5
speed « v c = = 6.25 m s−1 » 
2
vc2 6.252 Allow ECF from MP2
=h «= » 2.0 « m » 
2g 2 × 9.81
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Question Answers Notes Total

2. a i a gas in which there are no intermolecular forces Accept atoms/particles.
OR
a gas that obeys the ideal gas law/all gas laws at all pressures, volumes and
1
temperatures
OR
molecules have zero PE/only KE 
2. a ii pV 5.3 × 105 × 2.1× 10 −4
=N «= −23
» 2.6 × 1022  1
kT 1.38 × 10 × 310
2. a iii 3 3 Allow ECF from (a)(ii)
«For one atom U = kT»  ¨ 1.38 ¨ 10–23 ¨ 310 / 6.4 ¨ 10–21 «J » 
2 2 Award [2] for a bald correct answer
2
3 3
= « 2.6 × 1022 × × 1.38 × 10 −23 × 310 » 170 « J » 
U Allow use of U = pV
2 2

2. b i 2.1× 10 −4
p2 = « 5.3 × 105 × −4
» 1.6 × 105 « Pa »  1
6.8 × 10
2. b ii «volume has increased and» average velocity/KE remains unchanged  The idea of average must be included
«so» molecules collide with the walls less frequently/longer time between Decrease in number of collisions is not
collisions with the walls  sufficient for MP2. Time must be
2 max
included.
«hence» rate of change of momentum at wall has decreased  Accept atoms/particles.
«and so pressure has decreased»
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Question Answers Notes Total

3. a i the incident wave «from the speaker» and the reflected wave «from the Allow superimpose/add up
closed end» superpose/combine/interfere  Do not allow meet/interact 1

3. a ii Horizontal arrow from X to the right  MP2 is dependent on MP1

Ignore length of arrow 1

3. a iii P at a node 
1

3. a iv 4 × 0.30 Award [2] for a bald correct answer

=
wavelength is λ «= » 0.40 « m » 
3
2
340 Allow ECF from MP1
=f «= » 850 « Hz » 
0.40

(continued…)
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(Question 3 continued)

Question Answers Notes Total

3. b i sinθC 1 Award [2] for a bald correct answer
= 
340 1500 Award [2] for a bald answer of 13.1
2
θC = 13 «  »  Answer must be to 2/3 significant figures to award MP2
Allow 0.23 radians

3. b ii correct orientation  Do not penalize the lengths of A and B in the water

greater separation  Do not penalize a wavefront for C if it is consistent with A and B
MP1 must be awarded for MP2 to be awarded

eg:

C 2
B
A

 air
water
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Question Answers Notes Total

4. a the work done per unit charge  Award [1] for “energy per unit charge provided by the
cell”/“power per unit current”
Award [1] for “potential difference across the terminals of the
cell when no current is flowing”
2
Do not accept “potential difference across terminals of cell”

in moving charge from one terminal of a cell to the other / all

the way round the circuit 
4. b i the resistance is proportional to length / see 0.35 AND
1«.00»
2
so it equals 0.35 × 80 
« = 28 Ω»
4. b ii 12 Award [2] for a bald correct answer
current leaving 12 V cell is = 0.15 « A »
80
OR
12
=
E × 28 
80 2

= « 0.15 × 28
E = » 4.2 « V »  Allow a 1sf answer of 4 if it comes from a calculation.
Do not allow a bald answer of 4 «V»
Allow ECF from incorrect current

4. c since the current in the cell is still zero there is no potential OWTTE
drop across the internal resistance  2
and so the length would be the same 
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Question Answers Notes Total

5. a horizontal straight line through I = 2  eg: I / I0
6

2 1

0 x
Accept a curve that falls from I = 2 as distance increases from centre
but not if it falls to zero.

5. b «standard two slit pattern» Accept single slit modulated pattern provided central maximum is at 4.
ie height of peaks decrease as they go away from central maximum.
general shape with a maximum at x = 0 
Peaks must be of the same width
maxima at 4 I 0 
eg: I / I0
6
Dλ
maxima separated by « = » 2.0 cm 
s 5

4
3
3

–4 –2 0 2 4
x / cm

5. c fringe width/separation decreases

OR 1
more maxima seen 
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Question Answers Notes Total

6. a i the «gravitational» force per unit mass exerted on a point/small/test
1
mass 
6. a ii GM ∆V
at height h potential is V = −  Do not allow an answer that starts with g = −
(R + h ) ∆r
and then cancels the deltas and substitutes R + h
GM 2
field is g = 
(R + h )2
«dividing gives answer»
6. a iii correct shape and sign 
eg: V
non-zero negative vertical intercept 

0 h 2
0

6. b V= » «−» 6.0 × 107 J kg−1 

« − 2.2 × (3.1× 106 + 2.4 × 107 ) = Unit is essential
Allow eg MJ kg-1if power of 10 is correct 1
Allow other correct SI units eg m2s-2, N m kg-1

(continued…)
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(Question 6 continued)

Question Answers Notes Total

6. c total energy at P = 0 / KE gained = GPE lost  Award [3] for a bald correct answer
Ignore negative sign errors in the workings
1
« mv 2 + mV =0 ⇒ » v = −2V  Allow ECF from 6(b) 3
2

v = « 2 × 6.0 × 107 = » 1.1× 10 4 « m s−1 » 

6. d ALTERNATIVE 1
force on asteroid is « 6.2 × 1012 × 2.2 = » 1.4 × 1013 « N » 
«by Newton’s third law» this is also the force on the planet  MP2 must be explicit
ALTERNATIVE 2
2
GM
mass of planet = 2.4 x 10 «kg» «from V = −
25
»
(R + h )
GMm
force on planet « = =
» 1.4 × 1013 «N» 
(R + h )2
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Question Answers Notes Total

7. a i Average height = 127 «m» 
mgh Unit is essential
Specific energy «= =gh = 1.2 × 103 J kg−1 
9.81× 127» =
m Allow g = 10 gives 1.3 × 10 3 J kg-1 2
−1
Allow ECF from 110 m (1.1 × 10 J kg )
3

or 144 m (1.4 × 10 3 J kg −1 )

7. a ii 1.2 × 105
mass per second leaving dam is × 103 = « 2.0 × 106 kg s−1 » 
60
rate of decrease of GPE is =2.0 × 106 × 9.81× 127  Do not award ECF for the use of 110 m 3
or 144 m
= 2.49 × 109 «W » / 2.49«GW »  Allow 2.4 GW if rounded value used
from (a)(i) or 2.6 GW if g = 10 is used
7. a iii 1.8
efficiency is « = » 0.72 / 72%  1
2.5
7. b water is pumped back up at times when the demand for/price of electricity is low  1
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Question Answers Notes Total

8. a A 1.2 × 108
C =«ε =»8.8 × 10−12 × 
d 1600 1
«C 6.60 × 10 −7 F »
=
8. b i Q 25 Award [2] for a bald correct answer
=
V «= » 
C 6.6 × 10−7 2
=
V 3.8 × 107 « V » 
8. b ii ALTERNATIVE 1 Award [2] for a bald correct answer
1 1 Allow ECF from (b)(i)
E = « QV = » × 25 × 3.8 × 107 
2 2
=
E 4.7 × 108 « J » 
ALTERNATIVE 2 2

1 1
( ) Award [2] for a bald correct answer
2
E =« CV 2 =» × 6.60 × 10 −7 × 3.8 × 107  Allow ECF from (b)(i)
2 2
E=
4.7 × 108 « J » / 4.8 × 108 « J » if rounded value of V used 

8. c i −
t
−
18
=
Q « Q0e=τ » 25 × e 32 

Q = 14.2 « C » 
3
charge delivered =
Q=25 − 14.2 =
10.8 « C »  Final answer must be given to at least 3
significant figures
« ≈ −11C »
8. c ii ∆Q 11 Accept an answer in the range 597 − 611
=
I« = » ≈ 610 « A »  «A» 1
∆t 18 × 10 −3

(continued…)
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(Question 8 continued)

Question Answers Notes Total

8. d the base of the thundercloud must be parallel to the Earth surface
OR
the base of the thundercloud must be flat
1
OR
the base of the cloud must be very long «compared with the distance from the
surface» 

9. a «most of» the mass of the atom is confined within a very small
volume/nucleus 
2 max
«all» the positive charge is confined within a very small volume/nucleus 
electrons orbit the nucleus «in circular orbits» 
9. b the electrons accelerate and so radiate energy 
they would therefore spiral into the nucleus/atoms would be unstable 
electrons have discrete/only certain energy levels  3 max
the only orbits where electrons do not radiate are those that satisfy the Bohr
h
condition « mvr = n » 
2π

(continued…)
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(Question 9 continued)

Question Answers Notes Total

9. c i mev 2 ke 2 Answer given – look for correct working
= 2
r r
OR
1
1 1 1 ke 2
KE = PE hence mev 2 = 
2 2 2 r
«solving for v to get answer»
9. c ii ke 2 Answer given – look for correct working
h
combining v = with mevr = using correct substitution 
mer 2π

ke 2 2 h2 2
«eg me 2 r = »
mer 4 π2
correct algebraic manipulation to gain the answer  Do not allow a bald statement of the answer
for MP2. Some further working eg
cancellation of m or r must be shown
9. c iii (6.63 × 10 −34 )2
«r = »
4π2 × 8.99 × 109 × 9.11× 10 −31 × (1.6 × 10 −19 )2 1
r 5.3 × 10 −11 « m » 
=
9. d i the energy released is 3.54 − 0.48 = 3.06 «MeV» 
this is shared by the electron and the antineutrino  3
so the electron’s energy varies from 0 to 3.06 «MeV» 
9. d ii the palladium nucleus emits the photon when it decays into the ground state
1
«from the excited state» 
(continued…)
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(Question 9 continued)

Question Answers Notes Total

9. d iii Photon energy Award [2] for a bald correct answer
E = 0.48 × 106 × 1.6 × 10 −19 = «7.68 × 10 −14 J » 
2
hc 6.63 × 10 −34 × 3 × 108 Allow ECF from incorrect energy
=λ «= −14
= » 2.6 × 10−12 « m » 
E 7.68 × 10
9. e i line with arrow as shown labelled anti-neutrino/ν  Correct direction of the “arrow” is essential
The line drawn must be “upwards” from the vertex in the time
direction i.e. above the horizontal

eg:

9. e ii V =W–  1