Imaging

Endoscopic Examination

Immunologic and Serological Tests

Microbiological Investigations

Respiratory Function Testing

Endoscopic
Examination
 A bronchoscope is used
Bronchoscopy to view the airways and
check for any abnormalities

• Direct visualization of the

tracheobronchial tree
• Retrieva I of FB
• Suctioning of massive hemorrhage

• Transbronchial needle aspiration

(TBNA) for tissue sampling
• Bronchoscopy
• Endobronchial utrasound
Testing of blood and/or serum:
respiratory diseases are secondary to systemic illnesses
detection elevated lgE in asthma
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Respiratory gene panel
e _ica Tec.,....niques or O _taining
Bio ogic Specimens
Fig 1. Sputum trap

Sputum pot

To suction tubing

Suction catheter

A sputum trap is connected to the suction catheter to collect the sputum

using oropharyngeal or endotracheal suctioning
 ,. ..
A

Thoracentesis

•
..
-
 80

lnsp1ratory
Reserve
Volume
•
(IRV)

-a\
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~
-E
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37
tr ,,,
Tidal
GJ Volume
E (1V or VT)

- :::s 30

~ xp r 1•ory
R r
V I r .l
E-RV

15

Residual
VOiume
(RV)
o ...__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _....J_ __
 80 f'

lnspl ratory
Reserve
Volume
(IRV) 1nsp1ratory
.,_ ..- Capacity
(IC)
a,
~
-..E,,
.......
37
Vital
Capacity

ll I /\, I ~ 7\ 1, Tidal
(VC) ),. d

J 1
GJ Volume ty
E ) \) \) \) \) \) \
(TV or VT} T
:::,
- 30

~ Expi ratory
Reserve
Volume
(ERV) Functional
Residual
)
15 \
Capacity
(FRC)
Residual Residual
Volume Volume
(RV) (RV)

0
 Forced Expiratory Volume
(FEVl) •
•
•
•
•
•• •
•• •
•
• • •• I

• volume of air that can be expired in the ]

first second of a forced maximal expiration
• normally 80% of the forced vital capacity

I 6
7 - 7
Cl t
7
8
- ...
lnsprtllor,
\lolumr
11~~1

J 5 FVC S
FVC
4 ..
3 3 Tdt1I
2 2 411 1/o"me
E IT'Vor v,1

0 I 2 3
1

0 2 3
1
I
0 1
1
2 3
-~
~ JO ,_ _.,.,_ _..,._ _...,_ _...,__ _+--fo-..JJ._ _ - - - 1- - -

tl.P U• l ~

Time (SOC) rime (secl Time (secl ""~"'

..-AotM
tr llV) t'-unL1,111nll
A Noon:aJ B Asthma C Fibrosis R,,,,v d ii.II
i, -------------'-'----- ·--•-! C.PkC>'
(' IICJ
I il(lln" 4 -2 f'o n .oc't l v it,11 lolJ~ W il y JFVCI o11wJ Fl>.V, in 111 ►r111,1I ,uhjl"t l\ .a nti 111 p,llil'llh With lu ll-I-( dl~.1~.
11 V vnlunw t•l.pin'll i II f11,1 \ l't·o 11d 11f Iun ..'ll 111,LX i111J I t•:1.p.,.llio 11.
Imaging

Endoscopic Examination

Immunologic and Serological Tests

Microbiological Investigations

Respiratory Function Testing