9124121, 251 PM [What is Heat Exchanger - Heat Transfer Goofcient - U-Factor- Definition = Menu Q What is Heat Exchanger — Heat Transfer Coefficient - U-Factor — Definition 2019-05-22 by Nick Connor A heat exchanger typically involves two flowing fluids separated by a solid wall. The overall heat transfer coefficient, U, is related to the total thermal resistance and depends on the geometry of the problem. Thermal Engineering qa var= —,Cu=Ta) Tae Lae Tat lela, tle, My t roa 0 A heat exchanger typically involves two flowing fluids separated by a solid wall. Many of the heat transfer processes encountered in industry involve composite systems and even involve a combination of both conduction and convection, Heat is first transferred from the hot fluid to the wall by convection, through the wall by conduction, and from the wall to the cold fluid again by convection, With these composite systems, itis often convenient to work with an overall heat transfer coefficient, known as a U-factor. The U-factor is defined by an expression analogous to Newton's law of cooling hitpshwa.thermal-engineering.orgiwhats-heal-exchanger-heattranslr-coetfcientw-facor-defilon!9124121, 251 PM ‘What is Heat Exchanger - Heat Transfer Coofcient - U-Factor- Definition Q =UAAT x where Cis the heat flow rate [W] Ais the heat flow area (1?) Uis the overall heat transfer coefficient (W.nv2.K] AT is the temperature difference [K] Type of heat exchanger Free conv. gas to free conv. Flowing gas to flowing gas Water to 100-400 Water to water (forced to forced) 850-2000 Steam condenser (forced to boiling) 1000 - 5000 Feedwater heaters (condensing to forced) 1000 - 6000 The overalll heat transfer coefficient, U, is related to the total thermal resistance and depends on the geometry of the problem. For example, heat transfer in a steam generator involves convection from the bulk of the reactor coolant to the steam generator inner tube surface, conduction through the tube wall, and convection (boiling) from the outer tube surface to the secondary side fluid, In cases of combined heat transfer for a heat exchanger, there are two values for h. There is the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) for the fluid film inside the tubes and a convective heat transfer coefficient for the fluid film outside the tubes. The thermal conductivity (k) and thickness (Ax) of the tube wall must also be accounted for. ‘+ Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ne Wall + Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient — Cylindrical Tubes Online monitoring of commercial heat exchangers is done by tracking the overall heat transfer coefficient, because the overall heat transfer coefficient tends to decline over time due to fouling. By periodically calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient from exchanger flow rates and temperatures, the operator of the heat exchanger can estimate the lifetime of heat exchangers. hntpshwaw.thermal-engineering.orgiwhats-heal-exchanger-heattranslr-caetfcientw-facor-defilon! 2169124121, 251 PM [What is Heat Exchanger - Heat Transfer Coofcient - U-Factor- Definition + Fouling - Fouling Factor x Example: Calculation of Heat Exchanger logic neo egertare dlaranes n = & Consider a parallel-flow heat exchanger, which is used to cool oll from 70°C to 40°C using water available at 30°C. The outlet temperature of the water is 36°C. The rate of flow of oil is 1 kg/s. The specific heat of the oil is 2.2 kJ/kg K. The overall heat transfer coefficient U = 200 W/m? K. Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference, Determine the area of this heat exchanger required for this performance. 1. LMTD The logarithmic mean temperature difference can be calculated simply using its definition: 40-4 In 40—In4 LMTD 15.6°C 2. Area of Heat Exchanger To calculated the area of this heat exchanger, we have to calculate the heat flow rate using mass flow rate of oil and LMTD. hntpsiwuthermal-engineering.orgiwhats-heal-exchanger-heattransfr-caetfcientw-facor-defilon! 369124121, 251 PM ‘What is Heat Exchanger - Heat Transfer Coecient - U-Factor- Definition Q = Moin Coin -AT Q=1.2200.(70— 40) = 66kW where (is the heat flow rate [W] ‘Moi is the mass flaw rate of ail Cour is tha spacific heat of ail AT is the temperature difference [K] The required area of this heat exchanger can be then directly calculated using general heat transfer equation: Q = Ux Ax LMTD Q 66000 __ 2 _ 66000 3 UxLMTD ~ 200x156 2b1°™ A where Qis the heat flow rate [W] Ais the heat flow area (m?] is the overall heat transfer coefficient (W.m2.] LMTD is the logarithmic mean temperature difference [K] References: Heat Transfer: 1. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7th Edition. Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine, Frank P. Incropera. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2011. ISBN: 9781118137253. 2. Heat and Mass Transfer. Yunus A. Cengel. McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. ISBN: 9780071077866, 3. US. Department of Energy, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 3. May 2016. tps: tnermal-onginoaring orgwhats-heat-oxchanger Liransfer-cosfciontw-facor-dfitlon! 469124/21, 251 PM Whats Heat Exchanger Heat Transfer Coefcent -U-Facior- Definition 2.J.R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1 3. W. M, Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1 4, Glasstone, Sesonske. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer, 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-0412985317 5. W.S.C. Williams, Nuclear and Particle Physics. Clarendon Press; 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978- 0198520467 6. GRKeepin. Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1st edition, 1965 7. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988. 8. US. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2, January 1993 9. Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. EDP Sciences, 2008. ISBN: 978-2759800414. Advanced Reactor Physi 1.K, 0, Ott, W, A. Bezella, Introductory Nuclear Reactor Statics, American Nuclear Society, Revised edition (1989), 1989, ISBN: 0-894-48033-2 2. K.O, Ott, RJ. Neuhold, Introductory Nuclear Reactor Dynamics, American Nuclear Society, 1985, ISBN: 0-894-48029-4. 3. D.L Hetrick, Dynamics of Nuclear Reactors, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 0-894- 48453-2 4.£.E. Lewis, W. F. Miller, Computational Methods of Neutron Transport, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 0-894-48452-4 See also: Heat Exchangers % hitpsiwaw.thermal-engineering.orgiwhats-heal-exchanger-heattransler-caetfcientw-facor-defilon! 569124121, 251 PM [What is Heat Exchanger - Heat Transfer Coofcient - U-Factor- Definition important information about thermal engineering. (x) (x Related Posts What is Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient - U-factor - Definition What is Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient - Definition What is Heat Transfer - Definition Ba Thermal Engineering < What is Flow Boiling ~ Forced Convection Boiling - Definition > What is Regenerative Heat Exchanger - Definition Copyright 2021 Thermal Engineering | All Rights Reserved | Nuclear | Reactor Physics | haps tnermal-engineoring orghwhats-heat-exchanger-heat-ransfer-cosfcion--factor-dfinon! ae