Term 3 Section Test #3

Atomic Structure & Stoichiometry (KPT, AS, CB)

Suggested Answer

1 (a) G [1]
(b) F and G [1]
(c) F and I [1]
(d) H [1]
(e)

6P
8N

2(a)
How particles differ Oxygen gas Molten sodium chloride

Molecules are moving Ions move freely

movement rapidly in random throughout the molten
motion compound
Ions are arranged in a
Molecules are very far
disorderly manner and
arrangement apart and arranged in
less closely packed
a disorderly manner
than in a solid
Very weak Strong electrostatic
attraction for one
intermolecular forces forces of attraction
another
of attraction between the ions.
Note: Important for students to be able to identify the type of particles in oxygen gas and
molten NaCl

2(b)(i) In molten sodium chloride, the Na+ and Cl- ions are free to move and can act as
charge carriers.

2(b)(ii) Oxygen exist as a gas at room temperature, as it has a low boiling point, as little
energy is required to overcome weak intermolecular forces of attraction.

3 No. of moles of Na2CO3 = 2.0 x (250/1000) = 0.5 mol.

Mass of Na2CO3 = 0.5 x (2(23) + 12 + 3(16)) = 53 g

Note: Possible ECF from finding number of moles of Na2CO3

Section B

1
1(a) No. of moles of Br2 = (0.008 x 106) / 160 = 50 mol [1]

Volume of Cl2 = 50 x 24 = 1200 dm3 [1]

1(b) Mass of Br2 (g) = 8000 g

Since the concentration of Br- in water sample is 0.1 g / dm3,

Volume of seawater required to produce 0.008 tonne of bromine

= 8000 / 0.1[1] = 80 000 dm3[1]

2(a)

1m: Correct number of electrons transferred

1m: Correct number of electrons in all ions

2(b) In calcium oxide, one Ca2+ ion, with charge 2+, will bond with two Cl- ions, each with
charge 1-, to keep the overall charge of the compound equal to zero. However, in
sodium oxide, one Na+ ion, with charge 1+, will bond with two O2- ions, each with charge
2-, to keep the overall charge of the compound equal to zero.

1m: to state that in CaCl2, the ratio of ions is 1:2, while in Na2O is 2:1
1m: to state the difference in ratio is to keep the overall charge of compound to zero.

Note: Students may support their description with a suitable diagram.

2(c) The strong electrostatic forces of attraction holding the Ca2+ and Cl- ions as well as Na+
and O2- ions require a large amount of energy to overcome. Hence, they have high
melting points.