Canarvacnan, Binalonan, Pangasinan 2436

Introduction

This module is entitled “Philosophical Foundations of Physical Education”. It is about the

origins of Physical Education. Students will also learn about the objectives and benefits of
physical education, apart from that, this topic also covers the timeline of the development of
Physical Education

Time Allotment: Week 1 (2 hours)

I. Objectives – At the end of the lesson, should be able to:
1. Interpret Physical Fitness, its different components, and its benefits
2. Realize the importance of being Physically Fit.
3. Apply the concepts of Physical Fitness in the daily life in today’s new normal

II. Lecture and Discussions of the Lesson/s

DEFINITION
Physical Fitness is a combination of medical fitness (body soundness) and dynamic
fitness (capacity for action). A physically fit person is free from disease and can move and
perform efficiently. Neither good health nor physical proficiency alone constitutes physical
fitness, which combines both qualities. Another factor is emotional factor. This is readily
apparent in athletic contests, where good performance requires self-discipline, effective
teamwork, and the ability to remain calm under stress.
Medical fitness and dynamic fitness usually go together, but it is possible to possess one
without the other. Many people who are medically sound may also weak and unable to
endure strenuous physical exertion. They are described as being out of condition”. Other
people with chronic health problems are physically strong id skilled. Intensive conditioning
helps them to offset the handicaps of bad health.
Physical Fitness is the primary specific objective in teaching Physical Education. Thus, it is in
order that PE teacher should have the correct concept of Physics Fitness.
Physical Fitness is the ability of an individual to perform one's daily activities efficiently
without undue fatigue, reduce the risk of health problems and with “reserve” in case of
emergency.

IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Through regular exercises, physical fitness helps the individual:

• in the proper growth of young bones and muscles;

• improve the ability to avoid and recover from illnesses and accidents;
• improve posture and appearance by strengthening muscles that support the body;
• minimize stress response;
• maintain proper body weight;
• prevent heart ailment;
• improve organic functions;
• delay the aging process;
• feel good and younger as a human being, and
• experience joy of participation in any recreational or sports activities.

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PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
Physical fitness is a personal responsibility. Few individuals other than athletes and
military personnel are actually required to participate in organize, programs. Most people are
physically unfit simply because they do not get enough exercise. Many do not take the time
to exercise, and others try to stay light, infrequent activity.
A person's physical fitness is determined by such factors as age, heredity and behavior.
Although many people cannot control their age or heredity, their behavior can help them
become physically fit and stay that way. Individuals vary greatly in their capacity for physical
fitness, but almost anyone can regularly.
Health habits that aid physical fitness include getting enough sleep, eating properly,
receiving regular medical and dental care, and maintaining personal cleanliness. Overeating
and eating the wrong kinds of foods; smoking; and drug abuse, including excessive use of
alcohol, can harm health. Harmful health habits can undo the results of regular exercise.
A person's level of physical fitness depends largely on how frequently and intensely he or
she exercises. Most health experts agree that people should exercise at least three times a
week to maintain desirable fitness. Improvement occurs faster with more frequent workouts.
There are two basic components of physical fitness: the health-related components and the
skill-related components. Health-related fitness pertains to the total functioning of the body.
These include cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength,
flexibility, and body composition. The skill-related fitness components, on the other hand, are
agility, balance, coordination, power and speed.

HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS:

1.Cardio-respiratory Endurance - The ability of the heart and lungs to function efficiently
and effectively over a prolonged period of time.
2.Muscular Strength - The ability of muscle group to contract against a resistance.
3.Muscular Endurance -The ability to continue selected muscle group movements for a
prolonged period of time. 4. Flexibility - The functional capacity of a joint to move through
a normal range of motion. The muscular system is also involved.
5. Body Composition - One of the newer attributes in physical fitness components. It refers
to the relative distribution of lean and fact body tissues.

SKILL-RELATED FITNESS
1.Balance - It involves vision, reflexes, and the skeletal muscular system which provides the
maintenance of equilibrium.
2.Coordination - It is the ability to integrate the senses with muscles so as to produce
accurate, smooth, and harmonious body movement.
3.Muscular Endurance - It is the capacity to change the direction of the body quickly and
effectively.
4.Speed - It is the ability to move one's body from one point to shorted possible time.
5.Power - Power is sometimes confused with strength. Speed of contraction, likewise, is the
basic ingredient which, when combine with strength, provides an explosive type of
movement.
6.Reaction Time - The time required to respond or initiate a movement as a result of a
given stimulus.

SPECIFIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Organic Vigor - refers to the soundness of the heart and lungs which contributes to the
ability to resist disease. Endurance - is the ability to sustain long continued contractions
where a number of muscle groups are used; the capacity to bear or last long in a certain task
without undue fatigue.
Strength - is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or breaking; the
ability of the muscles to exert efforts against resistance.

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Power - refers to the ability of the muscles to release maximum force in the shortest period
of time.
Flexibility - is the quality of plasticity, which gives the ability to do a wide range of
movement.
Agility - is the ability of the individual to change direction or position in space with quickness
and lightness of movement while maintaining dynamic balance.
Balance - is the ability to control organic equipment neuro-muscularly; a state of equilibrium.
Speed – is the ability to make successive movements of the same kind in the shortest period
of time. Coordination - is the ability to integrate the body parts to produce smooth motion.

PHYSICAL WELLNESS - is the positive state of well-being and capability of an individual to

design personal fitness programs for improving and maintaining optimum levels of health. It
is a combination of many different components (mental, social, emotional, spiritual, and
physical) that expand one's potential to live a quality life, to work effectively and to make a
significant contribution to the society. Wellness reflects how one feels about life as well as
one's ability to function effectively. It is also described as the positive component of good
health. Being physically active can build physical fitness that in turn, provides you with many
health and wellness benefits.

BENEFITS OF HEALTH AND WELNESS

Looking Good - Regular physical activity is a healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle such
as proper nutrition, good posture, and good body mechanics can help you look at
your best.
Feeling Good – People who engage in regular physical activity feel better. You can
resist fatigue, less likely to be injured and are capable of working more efficiently.
Enjoying Life - Life is more enjoyable when you engage in regular physical activity
that results in physical fitness as the key to be able to do more of the things you want
to do.
Meeting Emergencies – Fit and active person has the capacity to help or to assist
other people when they needed some help.

III. ACTIVITY
Answer the following questions with only 3-5 sentences.
1. What are the objectives of physical fitness?
2. What’s the difference of being physically fit and to being physically well?
3. Why is physical activity beneficial?

IV. ASSESSMENT
1. Create your own SMART fitness program base on skill-related fitness. Indicate the
type of exercise, the number of sets and repetition/duration. (15 points)

Note: Submission of the activity and assessment is until the next schedule of
our class. Format: Size – 12, Font – Arial, Spacing 1.5

V. REFERENCES

Andin, C. T. (1988). Teaaching Physical Education in Philippine Schools. Quezon City: Rex
Printing Company, Inc.
Belmonte, P. C., Oyco, R. G., Castillo, O. A., Del Rosario, O. G., Borromeo, R. T., Villacorta,
A. S., . . . Oyco, V. D. (1970). Physical Education Handbook. Quezon City: Rex
Printing Company, Inc.
Tulio, D. B. (2008). Basic Physical Education for College. Quezon City: National Bookstore.

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