Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GENERAL PHYSICS I

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
Name of Learner: ____________________________________
Grade Level: ____________________________________
Strand/Track: ____________________________________
Section: ____________________________________
Date: ____________________________________

A. Background Information for Learners

In the past lessons, we described the motion of an object in terms of its position,
velocity and acceleration without considering what might influence that motion. Also,
we learned the law behind the motion of an object to remain at rest or to move
continuously unless acted upon by an external force. But what will happen when a
force acts on a moving object or an object at rest?
In this lesson, we will continue to study the dynamics by discussing the second
law of motion, which deals with forces and masses. Riding your bicycle is a good
example of this law of motion at work. Your bicycle is the mass. Your leg muscles
pushing on the pedals of your bicycle is the force. When you push on the pedals, your
bicycle accelerates. You are increasing the speed of the bicycle by applying force to
the pedals.

B. Learning Competency with Code

Apply Newton’s 2nd law and kinematics to obtain quantitative and qualitative
conclusions about the velocity and acceleration of one or more bodies, and the contact
and noncontact forces acting on one or more bodies. (STEM_GP12N-Ie-36)

C. Directions/ Instructions
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:
1. Read and follow each direction carefully.
2. Accomplish each activity for the mastery of competency.
3. Use the Learning Activity Sheets with care.
4. Record your scores for each activity.
5. Always aim to get at least 80% of the total number of given items.
6. If you have any questions, contact, or see your teacher through messenger
or SMS.

D. Exercises / Activities
a. What I need to know?
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:

1. Solve problem using Newton’s 2nd law of motion formula.

2. Apply Newton’s 2nd law of motion in real-life situation.
3. Describe weight as a force.

b. What’s New?
Activity 1: “Picture Analysis”
Directions: In this activity, you will guess what is common on the given sets of
pictures. Fill the box below with the letters of your answer.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

1.
Soure: Google Images

2.
Soure: Google Images

3.
Soure: Google Images

4.
Soure: Google Images

5.
Soure: Google Images
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

c. What I know?
Activity 2: Multiple-Choice Questions
Directions: Read and analyze each question, then choose the letter of the best
answer among the choices. Encircle the letter corresponding to your answer.

1. Terry checks her mass using a bathroom scale. The scale reads 45 kg. What
is her weight in Newtons?
a. 45 N b. 441 N c. 625 N d. 800 N
2. Newton is SI unit of force. It is named after Sir Isaac Newton in recognition of
his work on classical mechanics. Which of the following units is equivalent to
Newton?
a. kg m/s b. kg m2/s c. kg m/s2 d. kg m s2
3. An object experiences no acceleration. Which of the following cannot be true
for the object?
a. No force acts on the object
b. A single force acts on the object.
c. Forces acts on the object, but the forces cancel.
d. Forces acts on the object, but the forces add up.
4. An object has a mass of 6 kg in Earth. What is its mass in the moon if the
acceleration due to gravity of the moon is 1/6 that of the Earth?
a. 1 kg b. 3 kg c. 6 kg d. 36 kg
5. It is stated in Newton’s Second law of Motion that the acceleration of the body
is inversely proportional to its mass. What does this statement tell us?
a. As the mass decreases, acceleration increases.
b. As the mass increases, acceleration also increases.
c. As the mass decreases, acceleration also decreases.
d. As the mass increases, acceleration remains the same.

d. What is it?

Newton’s first law explains what happens to an object when no force act on it:
it either remain at rest or moves in a straight line with constant speed. Newton’s second
law answers the question of what happens to an object when one or more forces act
on it.

Newton's second law of motion can be formally stated as follows:

The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional
to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely
proportional to the mass of the object.
This verbal statement can be expressed in equation form as follows:
a = Fnet / m
where: a is the acceleration of the object in m/s2;
Fnet is the net force applied to the object in newtons; and
m is the mass of the object in kg.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

The SI unit of force is newton (N). A force of 1 N is the force that, when acting on an object of mass 1
kg, produces an acceleration of 1 m/s2. From this definition and Newton’s 2nd law of motion, we see that the
newton can be expressed in terms of the following fundamental units of mass, length and time.

1 N ≡ 1 kg m/s2
In the US customary system or English system, the unit of force is the pound (lb). A force of 1 lb is
the force that, when acting a 1-slug mass, produces an acceleration of 1 ft/s2.

1 lb ≡ 1 slug ft/s2
An approximate conversion of newton to pound is:
1 N ≈ 0.2248 lb
Sample Problem 1:
John pushes a 30-kg box. He applied a 60 N of force against the box. What will be its acceleration?

To easily analyze the problem, you may draw or visualize what is the situation in the problem.

Next, list down all the given values and determine what is required or unknown in the problem.
Given:
F = 60 N
m = 30 kg
Required:
a=?

Using the formula from Newton’s 2nd law of motion and substituting the values,
𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
a= 𝑚𝑚 a=
60 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
30 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
60 𝑁𝑁
a = 30 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 a = 3.578 m/s2

Sample Problem 2:
Two forces act on a ball as shown in the picture below. The ball has a mass of 5 kg. What will be the
acceleration of the ball? In what direction will the ball move after the forces act on it?

This time two forces are acting on the object. To solve this, recall the past lesson about vector
addition. Using the given forces, we can determine the net or resultant force. You may use any method
discussed in vector addition.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

Using component method,

VECTOR X – COMPONENT Y – COMPONENT

F1 25 cos 0o = 25 N 25 sin 0o = 0 N
F2 30 cos 30o = 25.981 N 30 sin 30o = 15 N
∑ 50.981 N 15 N

Fnet = �(∑𝑥𝑥)2 + (∑𝑦𝑦)2 Fnet = �(50.981)2 + (15)2

Fnet = 53.142 N
Using Newton’s 2nd law of motion formula and substituting the values,
𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
a= a = 10.623 m/s2
𝑚𝑚
53.142 𝑁𝑁
a= 5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

According to Newton’s 2nd law of motion, the direction of the motion is the same as the direction of the
net force acting on the object. Using the formula in solving the direction of the resultant vector, we get:

∑𝑦𝑦
ɵ = Arctan | ∑𝑥𝑥 |
15 𝑁𝑁
ɵ = Arctan | 50.981 𝑁𝑁 |
ɵ = Arctan |0.2942|
ɵ = 16.395o North of East

Sample Problem 3:
A force acting on an object is given by F = (4.00 i + 2.00 j) N. The object has a mass of 1.25 kg. What
will be the magnitude of the acceleration and the direction of the object after the force acts on it?
This problem is almost the same as the Sample Problem 1, the only difference is, in this problem, the
force is in vector form. In solving this kind of problem, first, determine the magnitude of the force using this
formula,
F = �(𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑖𝑖 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣)2 + (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑗𝑗 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣)2

Given: Solution:
F = (4.00 i + 2.00 j) N F = �(𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐 𝑢𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣)2 + (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑗𝑗 𝑢𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣)2
m = 1.25 kg
F = �(4.00)2 + (2.00)2
Required: F = 4.472 N

a=? Using the formula from Newton’s 2nd law of motion,

𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
a= 𝑚𝑚
4.472 𝑁𝑁
a = 1.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

a = 3.578 m/s2
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

The Gravitational Force and Weight

All objects are attracted to Earth. The attractive force exerted by the Earth on
an object is called the gravitational force Fg. This force is directed toward the
center of the Earth, and its magnitude is called weight of an object.
We learned in the past lessons that a freely falling object experiences an
acceleration g acting toward the center of the Earth. Applying Newton’s 2nd law of
motion to a freely falling object of mass m, with a = g and Fnet = Fg, gives
Fg = mg

Sample Problem 4:
A book has a mass of 3 kg. What will be its weight in newtons?

Although it is not stated in the problem, we can assume that the book is in the
Earth, using the acceleration due to gravity of the Earth, we have the constant g =
9.8 m/s2. Substituting the values to the formula of gravitational force, we get:
Fg = mg
Fg = (3 kg) (9.8 m/s2)
Fg = 29.4 kg m/s2
Fg = 29.4 N

e. What is more?
Activity 4: Problem Solving
Directions: Read and analyze each question. Write your complete and neat
solution in a separate sheet of paper. Box your final answer.

1. While cleaning the house, Maria tries to push her 15-kg study table. She applies
10 newtons of force against the table. What is the acceleration of the table?
2. Two forces F1 and F2 act on a 5.00 kg object. Taking F1 =20.0 N and F2 = 15.0
N, find the acceleration of the object for the configurations of the forces shown
in parts (a) and (b) of Figure 1.

(a) (b)
Figure 1
3. A 300 kg sailboat accelerates at 0.5 m/s2 at an angle of 15o N of W. Find the
magnitude and direction of the force responsible for this acceleration.
4. If a force of 15.0 N directed east acts on a stationary 5.00 kg mass, what are
its acceleration, displacement and velocity after 10.0 s?
5. A force acting on an object is given by F = (-2.00 i + 3.00 j) N. The object
experiences an acceleration of magnitude 3.75 m/s2. What is the direction of
the acceleration? (b) What is the mass of the object?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

f. What I can show?

Activity 9: Multiple-Choice Questions

Directions: Read and analyze each question, then choose the letter of the best
answer among the choices. Encircle the letter corresponding to your answer.
1. The SI unit of force is Newtons, denoted as N. Which of the following is its
English unit counterpart?

a. Gram b. Liter c. Pint d. Pound

2. An object has a mass of 6 kg in Earth. What is its weight in the moon if the
acceleration due to gravity of the moon is 1/6 that of the Earth?
a. 4.6 N b. 9.8 N c. 12.6 N d. 16.7 N
3. An object experiences no acceleration. Which of the following cannot be true
for the object?
a. No force acts on the object
b. A single force acts on the object.
c. Forces acts on the object, but the forces cancel.
d. Forces acts on the object, but the forces add up.
4. John checks her mass using a bathroom scale. The scale reads 50 kg. What
is her weight in Newtons?
a. 50 N b. 125 N c. 375 N d. 490 N
5. It is stated in Newton’s Second law of Motion that the acceleration of the
body is directly proportional to the force applied. What does this statement
tell us?
a. As the force decreases, acceleration increases.
b. As the force increases, acceleration decreases.
c. As the force decreases, acceleration also decreases.
d. As the force increases, acceleration remains the same.