lOMoARcPSD|9681042

Worktext (TCW) Chapter 11 Global Food Security

The Contemporary World (Bicol University)

StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Erica Canon (ericacanon53@yahoo.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|9681042

Chapter 11: Global Food Security

Introduction:

The world’s population is continuously growing into a big number and

our food supply is getting low. Large number of families don’t even have access
to food in a day. Food wastage has been very rampant all over the world; It
has been a big issue especially in countries mostly countries in Africa. This
phenomenon challenges every individual on how to be human.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this topic, learners should be able to:

1. Define global food security

2. Critique existing models of global food security
3. Articulate a personal definition of global food security

Discussion:

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY

The second paradigm shift stressed the importance of livelihood security as a
key household priority and component of food security.
Lastly, the third shift moved away from the a purely calorie-counting
approach to food security, to one that incorporates subjective measures of
what it means to be food-secure, including access to food that is preferable
(Maxwell,1988,1996 quoted in Barthwal-Datta,2014)
Amartya Sen’s seminal work, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement
and Deprivation (1981) in which he repudiated the common belief that some of
the most devastating famines of the past century were caused by lacked of
food availability, but instead was caused by lack of access to food through
decline in entitlements.(Devereux ,2001)

1|Pag e

Downloaded by Erica Canon (ericacanon53@yahoo.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|9681042

Global Food Security Concepts

The absence of food security is qualified by the presence of hunger and
malnourishment(Barthwal-Datta,2014)
The availability of at all times of adequate world food supplies of foodstuffs to
sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in
production and prices(FAO,2003:27)
Maxwell(1996) argues that in the decades of 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s three
paradigm shifts took place that shaped the discourse and international
agenda on food security.
The first shift took place through the Late 1970s, and early 1980s, when the
academic and policy discourse on food security veered away from the
restrictive notion of food availability and supply as the core concerns of food
security.

Global Food Security

 Food security is defined as the availability of food and one's access to
it. A household is considered food secure when its occupants do not
live in hunger or fear of starvation.

Trends/Challenges to Global Food Security

Rising Population
food growth
and Climate
prices and
urbanization Change
poverty

Rising Food prices and Poverty

 Greatly affects the small farmers and peasants
 Harmful to those farming households that are net consumers of food
and rely on the market to fulfill their food security needs.
 Often resorts to selling their valuable assets.
 Has an impact on their ability to lift themselves out of poverty

2|Pag e

Downloaded by Erica Canon (ericacanon53@yahoo.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|9681042

Food Price Index

It is a measure of the monthly change in international prices of a basket of

food commodities.

To calculate the Price Index, take the price of the Market Basket of the year
of interest and divide by the price of the Market Basket of the base year,
then multiply by 100. In this case we're interested in knowing the price
index for 2007 and we plan to use 2006 as the base year.
Price Index for 2007= Market Basket for 2007 * 100 = 300 * 100 = 120
Market Basket for 2006 250

Note that the Price Index for the base year will always be 100. This is
because you will be dividing the Market Basket in the base year by itself
(which will give you a value of 1) and multiplying by 100 (which will then
give you a value of 100).
Thus the Price Index for 2006 = Market Basket for 2006 * 100 = 250 * 100 =
100
Market Basket for 2006 250

An index is a tool that simplifies the measurement of movements in a

numerical series. Most CPI index series have a 1982-84=100 reference
base. That is, BLS sets the average index level (representing the average
price level) for the 36-month period covering the years 1982, 1983, and
1984 equal to 100; then measures changes in relation to that figure.
Movements of the index from one date to another can be expressed as
changes in index points (simply, the difference between index levels), but
it is more useful to express the movements as percent changes. This is
because index points are affected by the level of the index in relation to
its reference period, while percent changes are not.

3|Pag e

Downloaded by Erica Canon (ericacanon53@yahoo.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|9681042

Population growth and urbanization

 Continuous population growth.
 Dramatic improvements in health have lead to sharp declines in
mortality rates and boosts in life expectancy.
 Mass movement of people migrating from rural to urban areas in
recent decades.

Countries in the world by population (2020)

Asian Countries by population (2020)

4|Pag e

Downloaded by Erica Canon (ericacanon53@yahoo.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|9681042

CLIMATE CHANGE
• Changing global temperatures have different impacts on different
countries.
• Low income developing countries lacks or do not have access to basic
amenities such as clean drinking water.
• Developing countries are threatened by widespread environmental
degradation such as pollution and deforestation.

References:

 Coronacion, D.C., et.al. (2018). Convergence: A College Textbook in

Contemporary World. Chapter 13: Global Food Security and Global
Citizenship pp. 249-255. Books Atpb. Publishing Corp.

 McMichael, Philip. 2009. “A Food Regime Analysis of the „World Food

Crisis. Agriculture and Human Values 26(4): 281-95.

 Abelos, A.V., et. al. (2018). The Contemporary World. Chapter 12:
Global Citizenship pp. 188. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

 Coronacion, D.C., et.al. (2018). Convergence: A College Textbook in

Contemporary World. Chapter 13: Global Food Security and Global
Citizenship pp. 249-255. Books Atpb. Publishing Corp.

5|Pag e

Downloaded by Erica Canon (ericacanon53@yahoo.com)