The selection of our National Hero

Background:
During the American regime in the
Philippines
The Greatest contribution of Frank
Murphy –
Our National symbols

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 The selection of our National Hero

 Members of the commission for the selection

 Americans Filipinos

 William Taft Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

 Morgan Shuster Gregorio Araneta
 Bernard Moses Cayetano Arellano
 Dean Worcester Jose Luzuriaga
 Henry Ide

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 The selection of our National Hero

 Qualifications/ Requirements

 Filipino Citizen
 Deep LOVE and/ or devotion for his country
 Peaceful, calm, and/or having a pacified mind
 Deceased

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 The selection of our National Hero

Graciano Lopez
Jaena
Propagandist
Great orator
Editor – La
Solidaridaridad
Died due to
sickness

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 The selection of our National Hero

Marcelo Del Pilar

Propagandist
Writer
Editor – La
Solidaridad
Died due to
sickness

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 The selection of our National Hero

Antonio Luna
Great Military
General
Chemist by
profession
Writer
Died due to
assassination

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 The selection of our National Hero

Emilio Jacinto
Brains of the
Katipunan
Adviser of Andres
Bonifacio
Editor – Kalayaan
Died in a battle

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 The selection of our National Hero

Jose Rizal
Propagandist
Medical Doctor by
Profession
Writer
Founder of La Liga
Filipina
Died through a “
firing squad”

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 REPUBLIC ACT 1425
RIZAL LAW
Background
 Lack of ROLE MODELS of the FILIPINO YOUTH
 Lack of NATIONALISM among the FILIPINO
YOUTH

 NATIONALISM defined as:

 the ZEALOUS LOVE for ONES’ NATION
 the DEEP DEVOTION for ONES’ COUNTRY
 the LOVE for FELLOWMEN
 the FEELING of ONENESS

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 REPUBLIC ACT 1425
RIZAL LAW
It was signed by Pres. Ramon
Magsaysay 12 June 1956.
The original proponent of the bill
was Sen C. M. Recto, but Sen. Laurel
was the Senate Education
Committee Chair, under which the
deliberations of the bill will be
heard, before it would pass the floor
readings.

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 REPUBLIC ACT 1425
RIZAL LAW (OBJECTIVES)

1) to include in the curriculum

of students in all levels in the
Philippines, the study of the
life, works, and writings of Jose
Rizal, who in 1901 was
selected by the Taft
Commission to be the
Philippines' National Hero

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 REPUBLIC ACT 1425
RIZAL LAW (OBJECTIVES)
2) to present a nationalistic example
done by Rizal so that all students from
all levels would possess a stronger
sense of nationalism, which during
that period, (1950's) is experiencing
unprecedented challenges preceding
the war from which the Philippines,
and its people have suffered both
politico-economic and cultural
challenges.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
THE GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE THREE
GREAT REVOLUTIONS
The birth of modernity was
precipitated by three great
revolutions around the world: the
Industrial revolution in England, the
French Revolution in France and the
American Revolution.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century

 The Industrial
Revolution is basically
an economic
revolution which
started with the
invention of steam
engine and resulted to
the use of machinery
in the manufacturing
sector in the cities of
Europe.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
The Industrial
Revolution that
started in
Europe had
repercussions
to the Philippine
economy.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century

 The economic
opportunities
created by the
Industrial
Revolution had
encouraged Spain
in 1834 to open
the Philippine
economy to world
commerce.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
The French
revolution
(1789-1799)
started a
political
revolution in
Europe and in
some parts of
the world.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
 French revolution
had democratic
principles of
Liberty, Equality
and Fraternity--the
battle cry of the
French Revolution-
-started to spread
in Europe and
around the world.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century

 The French revolution

(1789-1799)
 The struggle between
liberals and
conservatives.
 This aspiration had
inspired colonies
under Spain and
Portugal to revolt in
order to gain
independence from
their colonial masters
in the 19th century.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century

 The American
Revolution refers to
the political upheaval
during the last half of
the 18th century in
which the 13 colonies
of North America
overthrew the rule of
the British Empire and
rejected the British
monarchy to make the
United States of
American a sovereign
nation.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
The American
revolution had
given the world
in the 19th
century the idea
that colonized
people can gain
their
independence
from their
colonizers.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
Indirectly, the
American
Revolution had
in a way
inspired
Filipino
reformists like
Rizal to aspire
for freedom and
independence.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
 THE RISE OF
SOCIAL SCIENCES
 The birth of social
sciences such as
sociology, history
and anthropology,
also had a
significant
influence to the
intellectual
tradition of the
19th century.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
 The Age of
Enlightenment or
simply The
Enlightenment is a
term used to describe
a time in Western
philosophy and
cultural life centered
upon the eighteenth
century, in which
reason was advocated
as the primary source
and legitimacy for
authority.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century

The massive
changes in
society brought
about by the
three great
revolutions has
resulted to
dissatisfaction.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century
 THE CHURCH IN
THE 19TH CENTURY
 The weakening of
the grip of the
Catholic Church of
the growing
secularized society
of Europe and
Spain has
implications to the
Philippines.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century

In Spain, the

liberals
considered the
Church as an
enemy of
reforms.

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 The Condition of the world in the
19th Century

 The declining
influence of the
Catholic Church in
Europe and Spain
has little effect,
however, to the
control and power
of the local
Churches in the
Philippines.

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time
During the
times of Rizal,
the sinister
shadows of
Spain’s
decadence
darkened the
Philippine
Skies.

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

Instability of
Colonial
administration

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

Corrupt
Officialdom

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time
No
Philippine
representati
-on in the
Spanish
Cortes

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 Evils during the Spanish rule in
the Philippine

 Human
rights denied
to Filipinos

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

No equality
before the
law

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

Maladmin
-istration
of justice

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

Racial
Administration

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

Frailocracy

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

Forced
labor

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 The Philippines during Rizal’s
Time

Haciendas
owned by
the friars

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 The Philippines of Rizal’s Times

Guardia
civil

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 PHILIPPINE CONDITION IN THE 19TH
CENTURY: THE RISE OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
 A. Characteristic of Philippine society during the
Spanish Period
 Government – union of Church and State
 Economy – land-based
 Society – classes were based on “purity” of blood;
the Spaniards, the Mestizos, and the indios.
 Friar abuses, corruption, racial discrimination
 B. 1760 – 1850 – one of the most significant
periods in the Philippine history
 1. The concept of free trade spread in Europe, and
Spain was forced to implement important
economic reforms in the country (e.g. direct trade
between the Philippines and Spain)

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 PHILIPPINE CONDITION IN THE 19TH
CENTURY: THE RISE OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
 2. Agricultural resources (cash crops such as
abaca, tobacco, sugar) were developed.
 3. Manila was opened to world trade
 Effect: The spread of liberal ideas to the colonies
due to the increased exposure to the west.
 C. Other events which gave rise to nationalism
 1. The rise of the Chinese mestizo class
(Illustrados – “enlightened ones”
 2. Education Decree of 1863 – established the
public education system and a normal school for
men.
 3. Liberal Government under Governor General
dela Torre from 1869-1871

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 PHILIPPINE CONDITION IN THE 19TH
CENTURY: THE RISE OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
 4. Secularization in the clergy (priesthood)
 The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the death of the
Gomburza

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 COMPREHENSIVE RESUME OF
OUR NATIONAL HERO
 Complete name: Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal
Alonso y Realonda
 Jose – from St. Joseph
 Protacio – from the calendar
 Mercado – from his great grandfather Domingo Lamco (market)
 Rizal – “Ricial” – green pasture
 Alonzo – maiden name of Donya Teodora
 Realonda – surname of the godmother of Teodora Alonzo

 Nick- name: Pepe, Joe, Dr. “Uliman” Moy

 B-date: June 19, 1861, Wednesday (11-12 midnight)

 B-place: Calamba, Laguna

 Date of Baptism: June 22, 1861

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  Godfather: Fr. Pedro Casanas
 Officiating Priest: Fr. Rufino Collantes

 Parent: (Mother) Teodora Alonzo y Realonda

 Nov. 8, 1826 – Sta. Cruz Manila
 Educated at Colehio de Sta. Rosa
 Date of Death: Aug. 16, 1911 – age 85
 Talents & skills: Business, literature & arts
 Values: Self sacrifice, Love for literature and arts,
Respect for Women
 Parent: (Father) Francisco Mercado
 May 11, 1818
 Colehio de San Jose

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  Date of Death: Jan.5, 1898
 Talent & Skill: Great Farmer
 Values: Dignity of Labor, Respect for
oneself, Open – mindedness

 Family Status
 Principalia (Middle Class)
 Renting a 600 hectars hacienda from the
Dominicans
 Products: rice, corn and sugarcane
 Animal farm – chicken,turkey
 Small store in their home
 First to construct a concrete house in Calamba,
Laguna

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  Home : with 1,000 books
 With carriage (karwahe)
 Children were sent in Manila for quality education

 Number of languages & dialects spoken: 21

 Number of sisters: 9 Number of brother: 1
 Height: 5’1” – 5’2” Weight: 117 lbs.
 Blood type: “0” Yaya: YNA (Aquilina)
 Color of the hair : black
 Color of the eyes: brown
 Nationality: Filipino
 Religion: Roman Catholic

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  Hobbies : Reading and Writing
 Past time: Collecting birds, butterflies, dragonflies,
shells & birds’ eggs. Visiting parks, places,
museums, libraries, churches & cafes.
 Favorites:
 Sports : Fencing and playing chess
 Book: Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas
 Novel: Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher
Stone, Wandering by Eugene Sue
 Tutor: Leon Monroy
 Teacher: Francisco Paula de Sanchez (Ateneo)
 Story: Gamu-gamo (moth)
 Friend: Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)

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  Restaurant: Plazade Cataluna (Barcelona)

 First:
 Sorrow: Death of sister Concha
 Love: Segunda Katigbak
 Poem: Sa Aking mga Kabata
 Award: (1879) Lieco- Artistico Literaryo ( A La
Juventud Filipina)
 Prize: A gold plated quill
 Drama: Calamba Fiesta – bought by the
Gobernadorcillo of Paete, Laguna for 10 pesetas or
2 pesos.
 Teacher: Teodora Alonzo

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  First:
 Ship aboard: TALIM (Binan to Calamba) 1870
 Course: Philosophy and Letters (UST)
 Sculpture: Image of the Virgin Mary
 Article written outside the country: Amor Patrio
requested by Basilio Moisa
 Published in Diaryong Tagalog in Aug. 20, 1882
 Rizal used LAON-LAANG as his pen name

 Case: 1878 – Spanish Official mugged Rizal for not

greeting him

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
LEVEL YEAR AGE SCHOOL TEACHERS/TUTORS LESSONS LEARNED

PRE-ELEM 1864 3 HOME Teodora Alonzo Alphabets(Cartilla & Caton),

recites prayers

Uncle Manuel Physical Education

Uncle Gregorio Arts (painting, drawing, etc.)
Uncle Jose Alberto Literature (love of books)

Maestro Celestino Arithmetic & Latin

Maestro Lucas Arithmetic
Padua

Maestro Leon Latin

Monroy
Philosophical Thinking
Leoncio Lopez
JUNE Justiniano A. Cruz Latin, Spanish & Arithmethic
1869 9 BINAN,
ELEMENTARY DEC. LAGUNA Juancho Painting
1870

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
LEVEL YEAR AGE SCHOOL TUTORS/ LESSONS LEARNED
TEACHERS
SECONDARY JUNE, 1872 11 Ateneo Jesuits Philosophy: MAJOREM DEI
to 1877 De Manila Fr. Jose Bech GLORIAM
Fr. F.P. “All for the Glory of God”
Sanchez Writing poems

Agustin Saez Drawing

Romualdo de Sculpture
Jesus

1872-1873 Colegio de
Sta. Isabel
(lunch Spanish Language
time)

March 23, 1877 Finished BACHILLER EN ARTES with HIGHEST HONOR

Jose registerd in Ateneo using the surname RIZAL

He boarded in No.25 Caraballo St. owned by Titay
Paid P3.00 for the Spanish tutorial lessons

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Rizal’s Grades at the Ateneo
SUBJECTS GRADES

ARITHMETIC EXCELLENT
LATIN 1 EXCELLENT
SPANISH 1 EXCELLENT
GREEK 1 EXCELLENT

1873-1874
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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Rizal’s Grades at the Ateneo
SUBJECTS GRADES

LATIN 2 EXCELLENT
SPANISH 2 EXCELLENT
GREEK 2 EXCELLENT
UNIVERSAL EXCELLENT
GEOGRAPHY

1874 - 1875

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Rizal’s Grades at the Ateneo
SUBJECTS GRADES

LATIN 3 EXCELLENT
SPANISH 3 EXCELLENT
GREEK 3 EXCELLENT
UNIVERSAL HISTORY EXCELLENT
HISTORY OF SPAIN
AND THE PHILIPPINS EXCELLENT
ARITHMETIC AND
ALGEBRA EXCELLENT

1875 - 1876

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Rizal’s Grades at the Ateneo
SUBJECTS GRADES

RHETORIC AND POETRY EXCELLENT

FRENCH 1 EXCELLENT
GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY EXCELLENT

1876 -1877

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Rizal’s Grades at the Ateneo
SUBJECTS GRADES

PHILOSOPHY 1 EXCELLENT
MINEROLOGY & CHEMISTRY EXCELLENT
PHILOSOPHY 2 EXCELLENT
PHYSICS EXCELLENT
BOTANY & ZOOLOGY EXCELLENT

1877 - 1878

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Rizal’s Grades at the Ateneo
 BACHILLER EN ARTES

 ACCORDING TO THE SOLEMNE DISTRIBUTION DE

PREMIOS, OF THE 12 STUDENTS WHO GRADUATED
FROM RIZAL’S BATCH, 9 HAD SOBRESALIENTE
(EXCELLENT) GRADES INCLUDING RIZAL.

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Academic Performances At UST

SUBJECTS GRADES

Cosmology & Metaphysics EXCELLENT

Theodicy EXCELLENT
History of Philosophy EXCELLENT

1877 – 1878 (Philosophy &

Letters)

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Academic Performances At UST

SUBJECTS GRADES

Physics Fair
Chemistry EXCELLENT
Natural History Fair
Anatomy 1 Good
Dissection 1 Good

1878 – 1879 (First Year

Medicine )

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Academic Performances At UST

SUBJECTS GRADES

Anatomy 2 Good
Dissection 2 Good
Physiology Good
Private Hygiene Good
Public Hygiene Good

1879 – 1880 (Second Year -

Medicine)

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Academic Performances At UST

SUBJECTS GRADES

General Pathology Fair

Therapeutics EXCELLENT
Surgery Good

1880 – 1881 (Third year -

Medicine)

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Academic Performances At UST

SUBJECTS GRADES

Medical Pathology Very Good

Surgical Pathology Very Good
Obstetrics Very Good

1881 – 1882 (Fourth year -

Medicine)

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 University of Sto. Tomas
 Simultaneously he took up Land Surveying at
Ateneo de Manila.

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 Why then the brilliant Rizal
perform poorly at UST?
 His unhappiness in UST can be traced to three
factors, namely:
A. the hostility of Dominican
professors to Rizal
B. racial discrimination against
Filipino student’s
C. obsolete and repressive method
of instruction at UST.

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Universidad Central de Madrid.
He enrolled in
PHILOSOPHY
and LETTERS
and LICENTIATE
in Medicine.

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Academia de San Fernando
He took lessons
in Painting and
Sculpture.
Hearing lectures
Learning French
and German

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Schools of Sanz and Carbonell
 Lessons in Fencing and
Shooting
 Other Activities
 - attended operas and
concerts
 - visited art galleries and
museums
 - reading books
 Circulo Hispano-Filipino
 -association of Filipinos
and Spaniards
 - a venue for political
discussions about the
Philippines.

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 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Masonry
 - reasons for joining
 1. the abuse committed by the friars against the
Filipino people
 2. the possible help the Masons could give to end
the evils of tyranny and exploitation
 He became a Master Mason and ceased going to
church
 - degree of Philosophy and Letters
 - thesis- error in the translation of the angel’s
song over Bethlehem on the Nativity.

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 Situation in the Philippines
 August 6, 1896 – Rizal left the
Philippines to go to Cuba for these
 Purposes:
 a. to end his exile
 b. to serve as military doctor
 c. to learn how to wage a revolution
successfully.


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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 August 29, 1896 – the existence of the Katipunan
was discovered; The Philippine Revolution started.
 November 3, 1896 – Rizal was brought back to
Manila under arrest.

 Rizal’s crimes:
 1. Rebellion
 2. Sedition
 Illegal Association

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 2 Kinds of Evidences Against Rizal

 1. Documentary evidences - consist of the

following:
 a. letters showing Rizal as a member of propaganda
movement in Spain
 b. letters exalting Rizal as the savior of the Filipino people
 c. letters about the La Liga Filipina and the Borneo
colonization project
 d. Katipunan Speeches containing Rizal’s name
 e. an anti-tyranny poem entitled “Kundiman” , dated on the
time Rizal was in Ghent (September 12, 1891)

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 2.Testimonial evidence – given by certain Filipinos
 Don Luis Taviel de Andrade – Rizal’s
chosen defender
 Rizal tried before a military court

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 Rizal’s defense
 a. He was against the revolution from the
start; his name was used by the
revolutionist without his knowledge; he was
not consulted by the revolutionist.
 b. He did not escape from Dapitan or from
the ship bound to Cuba.
 The La liga Filipina was a civic association,
not a revolutionary society.

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 Rizal’s last Hours : December 29-30, 1896
 Rizal visited by priest who attempted
to bring him back to the Catholic
faith.
 He gave his last poem to his sister,
Trinidad, on December 29.

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 The Debate: Did Rizal retract or not?
 “marriage” with Josephine Bracken on
December 30 at 5:30 am (the
marriage required retraction).
 He signed the retraction on December
29, which contained the following:

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
I retract that I am a Catholic, and in this religion, in which I
was born and educated, I wish to live and die.

I retract with all my heart anything in my words, writings

publications, and conduct that has been contrary to my
character as a child of the Church. I believe and profess what
it teaches. I submit to what it demand.I abominate Masonry as
an enemy of the Church and as a society prohibited by it.

The Diocesan Prelate, as the superior ecclesiastical authority,

may make this manifestation public. I declare this
spontaneously, in order to repair any scandal which may acts
have caused and so that God and man may pardon me.

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 Rizal’s Trial and Death
 Rizal was executed by firing squad on December
30, 1896 at 7:03 AM at the age of 35,

 Impact of Rizal’s Death

 1. It paved the way for Filipino nationalism.

 2. It intensified the Philippine revolution.

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