DIFFERENTIATION

3.3 Higher Order Derivatives & Implicit

Differentiation

3.3 Higher Order

Derivatives
Notation of derivative
Example 1

Find the derivatives of all orders of the function

y = 3x4+x2
1st : 2nd : 3rd :
dy d 2
y d 3
y
 12 x  2 x
3
 36 x  2
2
 72 x
dx dx 2
dx 3

4th : 5th :
4
d y d5y
 72 5
0
dx 4 dx
Example 2

Find the third derivative of the function

f(x) = 2x5+4x6-5x
1st : 3rd :

f '  x   10 x  24 x  5
4 5 f  x   120 x  480 x
3 2 3

2nd :
f 2
 x   40 x 3
 120 x 4
DIFFERENTIATION

3.3 Implicit Differentiation

3.3 Implicit Differentiation

Implicit Function

Functions like y=x2 +2x +3, y is expressed in terms of x.

This is called an Explicit Function.

Functions like x2 +4xy –y2 =2x, y is not expressed in terms

of x.
This is called an Implicit Function.
Method to Perform Implicit
Differentiation

1. Differentiate each term with respect to x.

 Make sure that the derivative of item involving
dy
dx
y includes the factor .
When differentiating the implicit function, you
dy
may use product, quotient and chain rule.
dx
3. Bring dy
all the terms with to one side.
4. Find dx , in terms of x and y.
Example 1

Differentiate 3x2+y2=28 with respect to x by using

Implicit differentiation.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:

3
   
d x2 d y 2
 0 2y
dy
 6 x
dy  3 x

dx dx dx dx y
2 1 dy
3 2 x   2 y
2 1
0 dy  6 x

dx dx 2y
dy
6x  2 y 0
dx
 Example 2

Differentiate 2y+x2 = sin y with respect to x by

using Implicit differentiation.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:

2 
 
d  y  d x 2 d  sin y 

dy
2  cos y
dy
 2 x
dy

 2x
dx dx dx dx dx dx 2  cos y
dy dy dy
 2  cos y   2 x
21   2  x  cos y
2 1

dx dx dx
dy dy
2  2 x  cos y
dx dx
 Example 3

Differentiate xy2+y=6 with respect to x by using

Implicit differentiation.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:
 
d xy 2 d  y 
 0 y 2  2 xy 
dy dy
0
dy

 y2
dx dx dx dx dx 2 xy  1
 2  21 dy  dy dy dy
 y  1  x  2 y    1 0 2 xy    y2
  dx  dx dx dx
dy
 2 dy  dy  2 xy  1   y 2
 y  2 xy dx   dx  0 dx
DIFFERENTIATION

3.4 Applications

3.3.1 Related Rates

Related rates Problem.
 Example 1

The radius of a circle is increasing at a rate of 4cm/sec.

How fast is the area of the circle increasing when the radius is 20cm?
Differentiation with respect to t :
Info given:
dr A  r 2
 4cm / sec
dt 1 dA    2r  dr
dt dt
r  20cm dA dr
 2r
dt dt
A  r 2
dA
dA  2  20 4  502.857cm 2 / sec
? dt
dt
 Example 2

The are of rectangle is increasing at a rate of 5m2/sec. while the length

is increasing at a rate of 10m/sec. If the length is 20m and the width is
16m, how fast is the width changing?
Info given: Differentiation with respect to t :
dA A  L W
 5m 2 / sec
dt
dL 1 dA  W 1 dL  L1 dW
 10m / sec dt dt dt
dt dA dL dW dW
L  20cm, W  16m W L 5  160  20
dt dt dt dt
A  L W dW
dW
dW 5  1610   20  7.75m / sec
? dt dt
dt
 Example 3

Differentiation with respect to t : z

Info given: x 2  y 2  52
dx 1 dx dy
 m / sec
dt 3
 2x   2 y  0
dt dt
z  5m 1 dy
y  3m
 
2 4  2 3   0 x?
3 dt
dy 4 x2  y2  z 2
x y z
2 2 2
  m / sec
dt 9 x 2  32  5 2
dy
? x4
dt
Example 4