THE NATIONAL RIBAT

UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
BATCH 5
FIFTH YEAR

OBJECTIVE TITLE:
SOFT DRINKS FACTORY

BY:
MUSTAFA ABU-BAKR MUSTAFA |
Introduction: -
It’s factory specialized in filling bottles and producing soft drinks (soda) most of soft drinks
factory focus on filling because every soft drinks company has it’s own secret formula that
comes in shape of “concentrate “ syrup for the soft drink and it’s been manufactured and
brought to the factory for mixing with water filling bottles and packaging.

Factory site selection: -

Site selection process depends on the nature of industrial production, site selection process
requires specific studies for technical feasibility and economic development for suggested
locations, because wrong site selection could lead to a massive loss in financial sources.
Therefore site selection process depends on a lot of factors that help to develop and growing
of relationship network between industrial fields. Site selection process considered one of the
most difficult decisions that face mostly all firms around the world that relate to the huge
volume of investment, this kinds of decisions linked with long-term strategies and effect on
future of the company and its success and this strategies are :
- raw materials preparing strategy.
- marketing strategy.
- final product storage.

Site selection goals: -

The strategic goal of site selection is represented in minimizing the cost of the site and these
costs are divided into three main points: -

A- site cost: Include the cost of the land and cost of the build, construction fees and
governmental taxes of the site.

B- production distribution cost: it represented in costs of carrying and distributing the final
products from firm factories into its warehouses then into selling districts within the
distribution network.

C- raw materials costs: raw materials are the materials that get in the production process and
how much are available within the area and one of these costs are site land cost and energy of
operating process.
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The main factors that affect site selection process: -
1 – being near sources of energy and markets

2 – optimum distribution of general working between areas.

3 – availability of transportation means

4 – being near to drainage networks.

5 – climate conditions.

6 –concentrating and building industrial districts.

7 – industrial integration and importance of industrial specializing.

8 – social and environmental factors.

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Matching between suggested sites: -
Factory site Advantages Disadvantages
location
Albagair 1 – has a transportation line. 1 – factories waste problems
industrial 2 – there is no medical garbage landfill.
district 3 – surrounded by residential areas
Omdurman 1 – near the district, there is a 1 – have rain drainage problems
industrial transportation line, medical 2 - factories waste problems
district services, markets, and banks. 3 – there are no sufficient spaces to
establishing new factories.
4 – surrounded by residential areas
Algaile 1 – 65% of Khartoum industrial 1 – have rain drainage problems
industrial factories are in the area.
district 2 – the circular road goes throw
the area that links the capital with
portsudan port.
3 – railway goes throw the area
link it with the rest of states.
4 – have electrical transforming
station.
5 – there is an extra 47 million
meter around the area to expand
the district space.

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Note: according to this matching between suggested site we choose Algaile industrial district
to establishing our factory. Because we find that Algaile industrial district is the most suitable
one. We choose soft drink factory because it is one of the most successful investment at these
days.
LOCATION SITE:

MASTER PLAN

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Factories components, general: -
1 – Administration:
The following organizational relationships must be worked out before the planning of this area
can be developed:
A . Reception Room
B . Executive Area
C . Departments and/or Divisions
D . Private Offices in Each Department
E . General Work Areas in Each Department
F . Special-Purpose Rooms/Areas
G . General Information

2 - Employee Facilities: -
The facilities should be near the work space go that no time is lost getting back and forth but
they should be sufficiently insulated from the sights and sounds of the work area it sell so that
a real change of scene is provided. If a pleasant outside view is available, it should obviously be
used. A clear distinction should be made between quiet lounging places and recreation and
cafeteria areas. The problems are interesting, the solutions may be various, but the reigning
criteria seem to be constant-cheerfulness, comfort, and durability. The areas in this category
include the following:
(Cafeteria and kitchen - Coffee lounges - Recreation areas (indoor and outdoor) - Quiet
lounges - Factory men's and women's lockers and toilets - Office men's and women's lockers
and toilets Meeting rooms First aid and nurse station).

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Employee facilities flow

(a) Layout by product. (b) Layout by process.

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3 – Manufacturing: -
The importance of flexibility in internal construction cannot be stated strongly enough. Except
in factories producing one product (automobile assembly plants), the need is mandatory.
When a manufacturer is producing several products and one succeeds far in advance of the
others, his plant must be flexible enough to handle this emphasis. The other product lines
must be held back until an expansion program is begun. The following is a list of criteria for
production-line evaluation :
I - Ease of flow of materials
2 - Degree of flexibility
3 - Ease of expansion
4- Ease of personnel movement
5 - Ease of supervision
6 - Least initial investment
As used in the design of the administration spares, templates or space standards per machine
must be established, arranged, and rearranged to produce the beat organization of equipment
and spaces.

4 - Research and Central Facilities: -

In the modern plant areas for research (product development) and control, laboratories are a
must. As the size of the plant-and, in turn, laboratory facilities-increases, a strong case can be
made for separating the two, which are basically similar installations. In the case of chemical,
pharmaceutical, and dermatological plants, adjacent to each research laboratory should be a
pilot plant installation which can produce, on a smaller scale, simulated manufacturing
processes. In extremely large manufacturing plants, the research and product development
facility should be in a separate building.

5 - Warehousing
6 - Internal Engineering: -
The single greatest error made in plant design is the placement of the internal engineering
facilities . Invariably the inexperienced designer will centralize the heating and air-conditioning
plant. But whet is today centralized may, tomorrow, be right smack in the middle of your
expansion direction.

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Location of internal engineering

7 - External Engineering: -
By external engineering I mean all the
outside utilities and storage facilities
required for a plant to operate
properly. Parking, truck docks, tank
farms, sewerage disposal plants,
electrical transformer pads, pumping
stations, water storage facilities for
sprinkler systems, and industrial waste
disposal plants are a few of these
requirements.

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Basic factories zoning (relationship between each component): -

Industrial plant building: -

Divided into:
1 - SINGLE OR MULTISTORY CONSTRUCTION:
Early factories were generally three or four stories high. Because of limited transportation
facilities they had to be built in cities, where land costs were relatively high. Also, their
builders who used brick had to make walls thick enough to stand up . Therefore, they
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reasoned, "Why not use this structure to support upper floors" With the coming of
inexpensive and widespread transportation for employees and of steel reinforcing or supports
for buildings, companies began to build out of town. Land values were lower and the plant
could spread out. Today's trend toward large one-story buildings is thus a product of changing
conditions.
Use single-story construction, possibly including balconies and/or a basement, when
the following conditions exist :
- Product is large, heavy, or relatively inexpensive per pound
- Weight of equipment causes heavy floor loads
- Large, more or less unobstructed space is needed
- Land value is low
- Land is available for expansion
- Product is not adapted to gravity
- Erection time is limited
- Frequent changes in layout are anticipated

2 - BASEMENT OR BALCONY:
A plant can hardly avoid having a basement when it is built on land that slopes. And this has
very practical advantages. Some plants are built on the side of a hill for the express purpose of
having motor-vehicle entries to each floor. This offers the advantage of entry to two or more
levels with a minimum of ramp construction, and it allows receiving at one level and shipping
at another with flow through the plant in a U-shaped path in the vertical plane. If you decide
to have a basement, or if your new building has a basement, check to be sure it has these
desired basement features :
- Ample headroom
- Good ventilation
- Sound foundations
- Ample lighting
- Waterproofed walls
- Floors free of groundwater seepage or flooding
Here are Typical cases where balconies are used include :
- Subassembly operations with final assembly of large units on ground level.
- Assembly operations with heavier forming machinery below.
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- Light-machine operations with heavier machines below
- Treating operations with forming operations and assembly of bulky units on ground level
- Supporting activities of all kinds to men, materials, or machinery-storage, washrooms
or locker rooms, production offices, and the like---that can be kept off the production floor
- Operating or servicing upper parts of tall, high machinery
- Material storage and preparation area, including bulk material blending or packing box
making and distribution.

Building construction component: -

1 – floors:
The levels and strengths of floors are the most important floor influence on layout . Adjoining
buildings, and even those far removed that may someday be connected to the main plant,
should have floors at the same level. Handling systems can then be tied in without ramps or
elevators. As for floor strength, it should be checked with the architect.
The following list gives floor characteristics desired, though no floor will have them all :
- Various buildings at the same level.
- Strong enough to carry machines and equipment.
- Made from inexpensive materials.
- Inexpensive to install.
- Immediately ready for use.
- Resistant to shock, abrasion, conducting heat, vibration.
- Not slippery under any condition.
- Noiseless and sound absorbing.

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- Attractive to the eye.
- Numerous colors available.
- Unaffected by changes in temperature and humidity, or by oils, acids, alkalies, salts, solvents,
or water.
- Odorless and sanitary.
- Resilient enough to seem soft underfoot and to minimize damage to articles dropped on it.
- Easy to fasten machines and equipment to
- Will dissipate static electricity and is non-sparking when struck
- Easily kept clean
- Large sections easily and quickly removed and replaced

ROOFS AND CEILINGS: -

Roofs and ceilings affect layouts chiefly by their height above the floor. Table 1 has some
generally recommended heights for use as a rule of thumb.
Roofs and ceilings are also affected in many cases by the type of construction.
The usefulness of overhead space may be limited by what can be attached to the roof
or ceiling . Very few plants hang their machinery from the roof or ceiling. But a great many
suspend material-handling equipment, service pipes or wiring, and other equipment. Such
considerations as natural light, heat conduction, and dust accumulation also relate to the type
and condition of the roof.

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3 - WALLS AND COLUMNS: -
modern buildings place their load on beams and supporting structures, generally of steel or
reinforced concrete. This way, the column carries the load and no wall is needed,
except to keep out the elements . This is a great help to production for it means large,
unobstructed working areas.
Inner walls today are only partitions . When certain operations must be segregated, partitions
that are generally built up in standard sections can easily be installed or removed. They can be
made as high as necessary to shield or protect the area or can be suspended from the ceiling.
This latter type of baffle keeps the floor area free but holds fumes, noise, heat, and the like
from circulating throughout the building.
Even without interior walls, there is still the obstruction of columns used for roof support to
plague the layout man. These columns interfere with spotting of machinery, aisles,
storage areas, and overhead handling equipment . Columns cause two basic problems :
1 . The way they line up tends to confine the
basic flow patterns .
2 . Their individual location limits the location of all facilities, especially large equipment .
The layout man will undoubtedly want to line up major aisles, stock shelves, and service
lines with the columns . Large operations will lie lengthwise down through the bays with the
wider spacing. Smaller materials and equipment will generally run in the narrowed spacing.

Column spacing: -

Large operations line up in wide bays; small operations in wide or narrow bays .
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Combination of two different column spacings to take advantage of flow lineup with wide
bays.

Typical types of roof structures: -

(a) Truss.

(b) Sawtooth.

(c) Monitor.

(d) Bowstring truss.

(e) Concrete arch.

(f) Three-bay, or high-low, gable.

(g) High crane type.

(h) Cantilever

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International case study: -
Firm name: Coca cola for soft drinks.
Location: united state of America, Atlanta, Goergia .
Product name: soft drink coca cola, Fanta, Sprite….etc.
Ingredients: carbonate water, Cramile color, phosphoric acid, caffeine.
Note:
The factory is divided into two main sections.
1 – production stages till before filling.
2 – filling and warehousing.
* There no plans for coca cola factories but there is detailed video for explain production
process line.

PRODUCTION LINE: -
1 – raw materials:
It came in a concentrated form witch later dissolved in purified water and the sweetener then adding carbonation to it (some soft
drink use caffeine).

2 – Sweetener:
It’s use to dissolve the raw material some factory use regular suger Others use corn suger because it is much cheaper,the sweetener
is bumped in a 19000 liter tank(stander from coca cola factory in the u.s.a).the sweetener come in concentrated form so they dissolved
5 and half time in water then mixed with the raw material then they bump co2 to the liquid using close system to carbonate the dring
then it is ready to move to the filling stage.

3 – water treatment:
The main ingredient in the soft drink is water and it need to taste the same always, so they use treatment plant to purefied water.

4 – filling and packaging:

-there are three main type of soda containers use in the industry :

1.glass bottle.

2.plastic bottle.

3.alminum bottle.

in sudan glass and aluminum bottles are exported because it can’t afford making it and it is easy and cheap to make blastic bottles, In
packaging stage they use plastic packaging to contain the bottles.

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5 – warehousing:
Using warehouses to store the product till it got distributed.

Note:
Coca cola soft drink factory in sudan it’s two sections are within one site.

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