Name: Darcelle Paul Section: 2021FA BIO-101-012 013

General Biology 101

Chapter 1 The Science of Biology
 
1.        Briefly describe the key differences between the three domains of life.
 The 3 domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. The Bacteria and Archaea are made
up entirely of microorganisms; the Eukarya contains plants, animals, and microorganisms such
as fungi and protists. The Bacteria and Archaea have been grouped together and called
Prokaryotes because of their lack of a nucleus, but the Archaea are more closely related to the
Eukaryotes than to the Bacteria.
2.       List and briefly describe the five fundamental properties of living things
 The five fundamental properties of living things are Cellular organization, which is the
components that make up the cell and how they are arranged inside it. Energy utilization, which
is required by all living things. Moving, growing and even thinking require energy. It is captured
from sunlight by plants and algae through photosynthesis. Homeostasis is basically any self-
regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions
that are best for its survival. Growth, development and reproduction, is living things growing
and reproducing. Growth is a way to generate the materials for reproduction. Reproduction is a
way to make new organisms grow. Heredity is organisms possessing a genetic system based on
replication and duplication of DNA. 
3.       List the levels of the Hierarchy of Living Things
 The biological levels of organization of living things arranged from the simplest to most
complex is organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations,
communities, ecosystem, and biosphere. 
4.       Define the following terms:
a.       Deductive reasoning: The act of backing up a generalized statement with specific
scenarios. It is used to infer the species of a specimen from its characteristics. 
b.      Inductive reasoning: The act of making generalized conclusions based off specific
scenarios. It uses specific observations to construct general scientific principles.
 c.       Hypothesis: Is a possible explanation for an observation. It must generate testable
predictions, tested by experiments, it’s either supported or rejected, and it can be changed or
refined by new data.
d.      Experiment: Is used to test the hypothesis. It’s consisted of an experimental treatment and
a control group.
 e.      Variable: The experimental variable is basically where one variable is altered in a specific
way to test the hypothesis 
f.        Control: Is basically what we are comparing our experiment to
 g.       Theory: Expresses ideas of the most certain explanation. It is a body of interconnected
concepts, it’s supported experimental evidence and scientific reasoning, implies a lack of
knowledge or guess.
5.       State the Cell Theory: Is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth
century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic
structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
 6.       What is DNA and what is its function?
 DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. To
carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to
produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the work in our bodies. It’s
consisted of a sequence of nucleotides. Continuing of life depends on the faithful copying of
DNA into daughter cells.
7.       Briefly discuss the differences between natural selection and artificial selection.
The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective
breeding only occurs when humans intervene. For this reason, selective breeding is sometimes
called artificial selection. Natural selection also acts without input of humans, whereas artificial
selection requires human input.