Calcule os limites

a) lim
n →+∞
√ n 2+n−n
2
( √ n 2+n−n)( √ n2+n+n) ( √ n +n) −n
2 2 2
n +n−n
2
lim √ n +n−n = lim
2
= lim = lim
√ n2 +n+n n →+∞ √ n +n+n
2
n →+∞ n →+∞ ( √ n2 +n+n) n →+∞

n n n n
= lim = lim = lim = lim
n →+∞ √ n +n+n n →+∞ √ n (1+1 /n)+n n →+∞ √ n √ 1+1/n+n n →+∞ n √ 1+1/ n+n
2 2 2

n n 1 1
= lim = lim = lim =
n →+∞ n( √ 1+1 /n+1) n →+∞ n( √ 1+1 /n+1) n →+∞ √ 1+1/ n+1 1+ lim 1/n+1 √ n →+∞
1 1
= = ■
√1+0+1 2

cos( n)
b) lim
n →+∞ ln ( n)
−1 cos (n) 1
−1≤cos (n)≤1 , ≤ ≤
ln(n) ln(n) ln( n)
1 −1
e lim = 0 , pois lim ln( n)=+∞ , pelo mesmo motivo lim =0
n →+∞ ln ( n) n →+∞ n →+∞ ln(n)
cos( n)
Logo, pelo teorema do confronto, lim =0■
n →+∞ ln ( n)

n n n n
c) lim ( )
n+2
n →+∞ n+1
= lim
n +1
n →+∞( n+1+1
n+1
−1
) = lim (
n+1
n →+∞ n+1
+
n +1
n+1
1
) = lim 1+
n →+∞
−1
(1
n+1
= )
n →+∞(
lim 1+ ) (
1
n+1
1+
−1
1
n+1 ) = lim 1+
n →+∞ ( 1
n+1 ) (
lim 1+
n →+∞
1
n+1 )(limite fundamental)

= e lim 1+ ( ) 1
n+1
= e
1
= e
1
= e
1
1+0
= e ■
n →+∞
(
lim 1+
n →+∞
1
n+1 ) (
1+ lim
1
n →+∞ n+1 )
ln (e n +1)
d) lim
n →+∞ n
n
ln (e +1) ln(e n (1+1/e n)) ln(e n )+ln (1+1/e n )
lim = lim = lim =
n →+∞ n n →+∞ n n →+∞ n
n+ln (1+1 / e n) n ln(1+1/e n) ln(1+1/e n)
lim = lim + = lim 1+ =
n →+∞ n n →+∞ n n n →+∞ n
ln(1+1/e n)
1+ lim , temos lim ln(1+1/e n )=ln(1+0)=0 e lim n=+∞
n →+∞ n n →+∞ n →+∞
n
ln (1+1 /e ) ln (e n +1) ln(1+1/e n)
, logo lim = 0, portanto lim = 1+ lim =1■
n →+∞ n n →+∞ n n →+∞ n

e) lim
√ 4 n3 +n
n →+∞ 1+n √ n
lim √
4 n3 +n
= lim
√ 4 n3 (1+1/(4 n2 )) = lim √ 4 n3 √1+1 /(4 n2 )
n →+∞ 1+n √ n n →+∞ n √ n(1+1/(n √ n)) n →+∞ n √ n(1+1/(n √ n))

√ 4 n ∗n √1+1 /(4 n ) √ 4 n √ n √ 1+1/(4 n2) 2 n √ n √ 1+1/( 4 n 2)

2 2 2
= lim = lim = lim
n →+∞ n √ n(1+1/(n √ n)) n →+∞ n √ n(1+1 /(n √ n)) n →+∞ n √ n(1+1/(n √ n))
= lim
2 n √ n √ 1+1/( 4 n 2)
= lim
2 √1+1/(4 n 2)
=
√
2 1+ lim 1/(4 n )
n →+∞
2

=
2 √1+0
=2■
n →+∞ n √ n (1+1/( n √ n)) n →+∞ 1+1 /(n √ n) 1+ lim 1/(n √n) 1+0
n →+∞

f) lim n sen (1 /n)

n →+∞
considere u=1/ n
n sen (1/ n) = (sen (1/n))/(1/n) = sen (u)/u
lim n sen (1 /n) = lim sen (u)/u = 1 (limite fundamental) ■
n →+∞ u→0

Limites Fundamentais
x
(*) lim 1+
x→+∞ ( ) 1
x
=e
sen ( x)
(**) lim =1
x→ 0 x

g) lim π −arctan (n) n

n →+∞ 2 ( )
para x em IR

lim π −arctan ( x) x = lim

(
π −arctan ( x )
2 ) ( 0−
1
x +12 )
x→+∞ 2 ( )x→+∞ 1/ x
=(l'Hôpital 0/0)= lim
x→+∞ −1/ x 2

= lim
2
1
x +1 ( )= lim 2
x2
(polinômios de mesmo grau)= 1
x→+∞ 1 / x2 x→+∞ x +1

para x em IR, lim π −arctan ( x) x=1 , portanto, para n em IN, lim π −arctan ( n) n=1
x→+∞ 2 ( ) n →+∞ 2 ( )
(OBS) lim arctan ( x)= π
x→+∞ 2