Determine o raio de convergência da série

+∞ n
x
∑ 4 n+2 n
n=0

1 1 1 n n
, ∣a n∣= n n , n =√ 4 +2
n
a n= n n
4 +2 4 +2 √∣a n∣
1 n n n n
lim n = lim √ 4n+2n = lim √ 4 n (1+2n /4 n) = lim √ 4 n √ 1+(1/2)n =
n →+∞ √∣a ∣ n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞
n
n n 1 /n lim 1/ n
lim 4 √1+(1/2)n = 4 lim √ 1+(1/2)n = 4 lim ( 1+(1/ 2) )
n n

n →+∞
0
n →+∞ n →+∞ (
= 4 lim 1+(1 /2)
n →+∞ )n→+∞

= 4 (1+0) = 4 raio de convergência

Determine o raio de convergência da série

+∞ n
(n !) x
∑ n 2

n=0 2

an
n!
2n ( ) 2

an
n!
2n ( ) 2

n!
a n= n ,
a n+1
2= , ∣ ∣ a n+1
=
2 (n+1)!
2
(n+1) ( 2
) (
(n+1) !
2
(n+1 )
2
)
∣ ∣ ( )( )
2
an n! 2(n+1)
= n
a n+1 ( n+1) !
2

∣ ∣ ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
an n! 2(n+1) n! 2n +2 n +1 n! 2n 22 n+1
lim = lim = lim = lim
n →+∞ a n+1 (n+1)(n ! ) (n+1)(n ! )
2 2 2
n →+∞ 2
n (n+1)! n →+∞ 2n n →+∞ 2n

( )( )
2

n! 2n 22 n+1 22 n +1
= lim = lim = +∞
(n+1)(n ! )
2
n →+∞ 2n n →+∞ n+1

Determine o intervalo de convergência da série

+∞ n
∑ ( x−2)
n 2n
x 0=2
n=1
1
( )
n 2n
( )( )
1 an an 1 ( n+1)2n+1
a n= n , = = =
a n+1 a n+1 n 2n 1
n2 1
(n+1)2n+1 ( )
= ∣ ∣ ( )(
an
a n+1
= ) 1
n2
n
(n+1)2 n+1
1

lim∣ ∣ ( )(
an
n →+∞ a n+1
= lim
1
n →+∞ n 2
n
(n+1)2n+1
1
= lim
n →+∞
(n+1) 2n+1
n 2n
= lim
n →+∞
)(n+1) 2(2 n)
n 2n
(n+1)2(2 n) 2(n+1) 2 n+2 2n 2 2
= lim n = lim = lim = lim + = lim 2+ = 2
n →+∞ n2 n →+∞ n n →+∞ n n →+∞ n n n →+∞ n
R=2 e x 0=2
x 0−R=0 e x 0+ R=4
 +∞
(0−2) n +∞
(−2)n +∞
(−1)n 2n +∞
(−1)n
Para x=0 ∑ = ∑ = ∑ = ∑
n 2n n
n=1 n=1 n 2 n=1 n 2n n=1 n
+∞ n
1 1 1 1
∑ (−1)n
= −1+ − + − ... série alternada
2 3 4 5
n=1
1 1
módulo ∣a n∣= que é decrescente e lim ∣a n∣= lim =0 , satisfaz as condições de série
n n →+∞ n →+∞ n
alternada. Converge
+∞ n +∞ n +∞
(4−2) ( 2) 1
Para x=4 , ∑ n = ∑ n = ∑ , série harmônica, Diverge
n=1 n2 n=1 n 2 n=1 n
Portanto o intervalo de convergência é [ 0 , 4 )

Deduza a série de Taylor de cos (x) em torno de 0

f (0) (0)
(0)
0) f ( x)=cos( x) , ( x−0)0 =1
0!
f (1) (0)
1) f (1) (x )=−sen ( x ) , ( x−0)1=0
1!
f (2) (0) 1
2) f (2) ( x)=−cos ( x ) , ( x−0) 2=− x 2
2! 2
(3)
f (0)
3) f (3) ( x)=sen ( x) , ( x−0)3=0
3!
f (4) (0) 1
4) f (4 )( x)=cos( x) , (x−0)4= x 4
4! 4!
(5)
f (0)
5) f (1) (x )=−sen ( x ) , ( x−0)5=0
5!
(6)
f (0) 1
6) f (2) ( x)=−cos ( x ) , ( x−0)6=− x 6 …
6! 6!
2 4 6
x x x
cos ( x)=1− + − ...
2 4 ! 6!

x x3 x5 x3 x5 x7
(cos (x )) '=0−2 +4 −6 ...=−x+ − + ...=−sen ( x )
2 4! 6! 3! 5 ! 7 !

x 3 x5 x 7
sen ( x )=x− + − ...
3 ! 5 ! 7!

Calcule a série de Taylor de cos 2 (x )

1+cos (2 x )
cos 2 (x )=
2
(2 x) 2 (2 x )4 (2 x )6 2 4 4
2 x 2 x 2 x
6 6
cos (2 x )=1− + − ... = 1− + − ...
2 4! 6! 2 4! 6!
2 2 x 2 2 4 x 4 26 x 6
1+cos (2 x)=2− + − ...
2 4! 6!
 ( 2−
22 x 2 2 4 x 4 26 x 6
+ − ...)
1+cos (2 x )
cos 2 (x )=
2
=
2 4!
2
6!
= ( 1−
2 x 2 23 x 4 2 5 x 6
2
+
4!
−
6!
...)
x4 2 x6
= 1−x 2+ − ...
3 45

Calcule a série de Taylor de cosh ( x)

e x +e−x
cosh ( x)=
2
x x 2
x 3 x4 x5 −x (−x )2 (−x)3 (−x)4 (−x)5
e =1+x+ + + + ... , e =1+(−x )+ + + + ...
2 3 ! 4! 5 ! 2 3! 4! 5!
−x x 2 x3 x 4 x5
e =1−x+ − + − ...
2 3! 4! 5!

e x +e−x = 1+x+
2
(
x 2 x 3 x 4 x5
+ + + ... + 1−x+ − + − ...
2 3! 4 ! 5!
2 3 3 4 4
)( 5
x2 x3 x4 x5
2 3! 4 ! 5!
5
)
x x x x x x x x
= 1+1+ x−x + + + − + + + − ...
2 2 3! 3! 4! 4! 5! 5!
2 x 2 x 2 x6
2 4
e x +e−x x 2 x 4 x6
= 2+ + + ... , cosh ( x)= = 1+ + + ...
2 4! 6! 2 2 4! 6!

Determine, usando série de Taylor

x
2

∫ e−t dt
0
2
(t 2 )2 (t 2)3 (t 2 )4 (t 2)5
e−t =1−( t 2 )+ − + − ...
2 3! 4! 5!
2
t 4 t 6 t8
e−t =1−t 2+ − + ...
2 3! 4!
3
t5 t7 t8
∫ e−t dt=t− t3 + 10
2

− + ...+C
42 216
x
2
x3 x5 x7 x8
∫e −t
dt= x− + − +
3 10 42 216
...
0

Calcule, usando série de Taylor, com 3 casas decimais

1
√e
1
=e −1 /2
√e
−x x 2 x3 x 4 x5 −1/ 2 (1 /2)2 (1/2)3 (1/ 2)4 (1/2)5
e =1−x+ − + − ... , e =1−1/2+ − + − ...
2 3! 4! 5! 2 3! 4! 5!
(1 /4) (1/8) (1 /16) (1/32) (1/64)
e−1/ 2=1−1/2+ − + − + ...
2 6 24 120 720
 1 1 1 1 1 1
e−1/ 2=1− + − + − + ...
2 8 48 384 3840 46080

1 =1
1 1
1− = = 0,5
2 2
1 1 5
1− + = = 0,625
2 8 8
1 1 1 29
1− + − = = 0,60416
2 8 48 48
1 1 1 1 233
1− + − + = = 0,60677
2 8 48 384 384
1 1 1 1 1 2329
1− + − + − = = 0,60651
2 8 48 384 3840 3840

1
VR = 0,60653
√e