Table 1. Detailed histologic findings in 17 cases of Chilblain-like Lesions.

Histologic changes N° %
Epidermis
Parakeratosis (deep-horizontal) 12/17 71%
Necrotic/apoptotic keratinocytes 7/17 41.5%
scattered 4/17 23.5%
confluent 3/17 18%
Spongiosis 2/17 12%
Exocytosis 2/17 12%
Basal cell vacuolization 3/17 18%
Dermis
Papillary edema 13/17 76.5%
moderate 9/17 53%
massive/pseudobullous 4/17 23.5%
Erythrocyte extravasation 14/17 82.5%
moderate 10/17 59%
heavy 4/17 23.5%
Infiltrate density
low/moderate 5/17 29%
moderate/heavy 10/17 59%
very heavy 2/17 12%
Infiltrating cells 100%
lymphocytes 13/17 76.5%
lymphocytes + eosinophils 4/17 23.5%
Localisation
perivascular 17/17 100%
perivascular + peri-eccrine sweat gland 8/17 47%
Thrombosis 3/17 18%
superficial capillaries 2/17 12%
deep venule 1/17 6%
Endothelial cell swelling (endothelialitis) 11/17 65%
Fibrin deposition
papillary dermis 2/17 12%
vascular wall (venules) 3/17 18%
Increased interstitial mucin 7/17 41.5%