IDEA ENGINEERING

(LEXICOLOGY)

ANITA BASRAH
8186112005
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
2019

I. INTRODUCTION

What does it mean to know a word? Various linguists have different answers to this
very subjective question. To know a word is to enrich one’s vocabulary, which in of itself
constitutes two major categories: receptive vocabulary and productive vocabulary. The
former refers to words that a reader is able to recognize upon encountering them in texts or
conversations, while the latter relates to the ability to correctly apply these words in specific
contexts such as conversations and writing. There in lies the aforementioned conflict: is
receptive vocabulary sufficient in the context of word knowledge, or does a user also need to
attain productive vocabulary in order to claim to know a word?

In our opinion, recognising the fact that vocabulary knowledge exists on a continuum
as opposed to arbitrary entities, learning a word entails the process of attaining increasing
knowledge of the word itself. One would normally progress from recognising the forms of
words, as in its spelling, to understanding their meaning, being able to adequately explain
their meaning, and eventually, producing or applying these words in everyday contexts
wherever necessary. We don’t think a learner would or should be complacent with merely the
recognition of word forms and meaning, rather they would want to, and in fact, should learn
to put these receptive knowledge to use in their communication.

In other words, we firmly believe that to truly know a word is to not only recognise its
form and know its spelling and meaning, but also to be able to articulate the meaning and
actively apply the usage of these words in everyday communication.

Thus, Lexicology is the study of lexis or stock of words in a language. We will also

use the word vocabulary interchangeably with lexis. Take note that lexis and vocabulary are
non-count nouns (although occasionally, you could talk about vocabularies, this would be
unusual); if you need to refer to individual items, you should talk about lexical
items or vocabulary items. You might also encounter the term lexicon, which (unfortunately)
can be used in a couple of ways; firstly, it can be used as a more technical version of lexis;
many people use it synonymously with dictionary. What must be remembered is that any
dictionary can never be comprehensive in its listing of the lexis of a particular language. (You
might also encounter the term lexicography which is the study of dictionaries.)

II. ORIGINAL IDEA AND ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT

The original ideas :

1. Name of Resort in English ( name animal)

1. Dog House Resort
the meaning of the name is that resort owners really like dog animals, but that
does not mean this hotel is for animal lodging but for people who want to stay
overnight, so the resort name is made into a dog house resort

2. Name of building
1. Bakri Building (prominent of person) : Indonesia Language
The meaning of the name of the building is the name of the descendants of the
family of his ancestors so that the name of the building was made of the name of
his grandmother
2. Taman Anggrek Buliding
why is the building called an orchid garden? because in every room inside the
building has a good orchid plant outside the room or inside
3. Sate Building
Sate Building does not mean a place to sell satay, but a traditional sate be
characteristic of ornamental skewers on the central tower
4. Tomato building
Tomato building is a colorful building with bright colors of tomatoes. and not the
usual color of the building
5. Hasti Building
Hasti is a Sanskrit language which means elephant, and this building contains
images of elephants from the past to the present
6. 3 Bersaudara building
3 Bersaudara building were that the building was granted by 3 brothers, so the
building was named 3 bersaudara building
7. Cat building
cat building is a building whose tower is similar to a cat, so it is named a cat
building
8. Duck Building
Duck building was built to become a tourism center and a place to sell duck
souvenirs
9. Orange Building
This orange-shaped building is lined up as an orange-shaped architecture. goods
sold in the building can also be represented from the shape of the building. The
products sold in this store are citrus fruit variants, and several other products.
10. Hita building
hita adalag local language from the tribe of Batak which means we, the building
was established for the place of gathering for the Batak people if there was an
event
3. Name of roads/streets
1. Muhammad Ali Street
Muhammad ali streets is a quote from the name of the person who first lived in the
area / region so that he was appointed as the name of the street
2. Asam jawa Street
Asam Jawa is the name of a vegetable, but it is used for street names. usually a
unique street name must have a reason behind it. given the name asam jawa street
because the area is a lot of tamarind plants
3. Pythton Street
Python is the name of a snake animal in the Indonesian piton language, and is
quoted as a street name. because python is very unique to be given the name of the
road. so that the name Piton Street was made
4. Singkong Street
Singkong is a vegetable name, but here it is adopted for street names. because the
population of the area is mostly cassava farmers
5. Banteng Hitam Street
named the banteng hitam street because of a unique name, making it easier for
people to remember
6. Namlah street
namlah is an animal name from Arabic which means ant. given a street name,
because the inhabitants are like ant animals that work together
7. R.A Kartini Street
The name of the street is the name of a female hero, given the name so that
visitors more easily memorize the name of the street
8. Lobak Street
Lobak is the name of a vegetable and is used as a street name because many
residents plant lobak
9. Spider Street
Spider is the name of an animal in Indonesian called a laba-laba. named the street
spider street because of a unique name if made
10. Jokowi Street
Jokowi is the name of the Indonesian president, given the name so that it is easier
for people to remember the name of the street
11. Kelapa Muda Street
Kelapa muda is fresh fruit, given the name Kelapa Muda Street
because of its many areas of young coconut plants
12. Chili Street
As we know that Chili in English which means cabai as Indonesia language,
given the name chili street because it is very unique and no one has given the
name of the street before

4. Name of Supermarket
1. Andy Supermarket
Andy supermarket is a name taken from the shop owner
2. Orange Supermarket
 This orange-shaped supermarket is lined up as an orange-shaped architecture.
goods sold in the building can also be represented from the shape of the building.
The products sold in this store are citrus fruit variants, and several other products
3. Cat Supermarket
Cat Supermarket is a place to sell cat food, so it is given a supermarket storing
name
4. Potato Supermarket
potato in Indonesian is kentang, named potato supermarket because it sells the
needs of vegetables and especially potatoes
5. Onmada Supermarke
Onmada is thelocal language of the Batak tribe which means this. so given the
name of the Onmada store because it was to attract customers to stop by their shop
6. Rizky Supermarket
Rizky is the name of a person who means sustenance, so given the name Rizky so
that the supermarket gets a good fortune according to its name

5. Name Of Sport Facilities

1. Aderai Sport Facilities
Aderai is a sportsman, therefore according to his place and situation, he is named
Aderai Sport Fcilities
2. Tiger Sport Facilities
Tiger is an English language animal which means Harimau as Indonesia language,
given the name tiger because the animal is very strong, therefore according to the
place and facilities that make people to be strong and healthy. so given the name
of the brand tiger sport facilities
3. Sehat bugar Sport Facilities
Given the name Sehat bugar means that the place and facilities make people
healthy and also to attract visitors to try out the facilities already available

III. REQUIREMENTS FOR INNOVATION

Language and innovation are inseparable.  Language puts meaning to our ideas, be it
spoken, written, or symbolic.  We convey ideas to others which is essential in corporate
innovation.  Innovation would be nearly impossible if we did not have language. 
If you want to improve your innovation effectiveness, improve your use of language. 
Structured innovation methods help regulate our thinking and channel the ideation process. 
At the moment immediately before we innovate, we hold in our minds a pre-inventive form
or structure that has yet to be understood.  It is at that exact moment we conjure up words and
associations to attach to the pre-inventive form.  It is this process of linking objective facts
and judgments to the pre-inventive form that transforms it to an inventive form - an idea.
Here is a step-by-step approach how language is used in innovation:
1. Generate Pre-Inventive Forms:  Use a structured process such
as S.I.T. or Geneplore to create novel, divergent, and ambiguous forms.
2. Match Forms to Facts:  Take the ambiguous forms inside your head and connect
them to objective facts outside your head.  This yields an idea.  Better ideas are
created when we strive for facts that are both clear and true.  A bad idea stems
from weak or assumed facts swimming around inside our head and not validated or
developed.  As D.Q. McInery notes, "No idea, even the most bizarre, can
 completely sever its ties with the objective world, but ideas can become so remote
from that world that their relation to it is difficult, if not impossible, to see."  It is
not "thinking outside the box," but rather thinking outside your head that matters
here.
3. Match Ideas to Words:  Take the ideas created in Step 2 and associate them with
words or symbols.  "As we have seen, first comes the thing, then the idea, then the
word.  If our ideas are sound to the extent that they faithfully represent the thing,
they will be clearly communicable only if we clothe them in words that accurately
signify them."  "Putting the right word to an idea is not an automatic process, and
sometimes it can be quite challenging. We have all had the experience of knowing
what we want to say but not being able to come up with any words for it."
4. Match Words to Value:  Take the words and symbols that describe the idea and
search for the value it creates.  Identify the benefit it generates and for whom.  If
you have trouble at this step, go back and check the objective facts that sourced the
idea to begin with.  Or try different word and symbol descriptors to see if it
triggers different insights about the value.  Use a software program like Goldfire to
search semantically for knowledge and information within the domain.
5. Articulate Value With Demonstration:  Take the insight around value creation and
try it out.  Build a prototype, drawing, model or other representation that you can
test with the target audience.  Demonstration enables evaluation.  Testing discloses
areas for improvement.  Here again, the use of the right language in the form of
words and symbols is essential.  Using the wrong language may lead to the wrong
conclusion.
Here is an example:
1. This pre-inventive form is generated using the Task Unification template of the
S.I.T. method:  "A surgical instrument has the additional task of seeing through
a small hole in the operating field."
2. This form is matched with facts: the only way to see through an object is to make it
transparent or to bend light around it.  An idea!
3. The idea is matched to words:  "Use mirrors like a toy periscope to see around the
surgical device and into the small opening."
4. The value derived is in being able to do accurate surgery in small spaces.  It saves
time because the surgeon does not have to peak around or withdraw the instrument
to see inside the opening.
5. A prototype is built and tested, ultimately leading to a patentableproduct

IV. DERIVED IDEA AND ITS SOCIAL CONTEXTS

1. Probability of existence

The existence of the original sentences can be seen through the sentence fragment, the
run-on sentence, lack of subject-verb and pronoun-reference agreement, and lack of parallel
structure.

A sentence fragment fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It
does not contain even one independent clause. Remember that an independent clause must
contain a subject, a verb, and a complete thought. A sentence fragment lacks one, two, or all
of these requirements. There are several reasons why a group of words may seem to act like a
sentence but not have the wherewithal to make it as a complete thought. Common indicators
of sentence fragments are sentences that begin with a subordinate conjunction and sentences
that begin with or include an –ing verb without an auxiliary form. Consider the examples
below.
Identifying and Correcting Sentence Fragments

Example 1
The following sentence accomplishes a great deal in terms of placing the reader in time and
place, but there is no subject or verb:

 In Japan, during the last war and just before the armistice.
It describes something, but there is no subject-verb relationship. We should change it to:

 In Japan, during the last war and just before the armistice, many innocent civilians
were killed.
Example 2
The following sentence lacks a subject:

 Working far into the night in an effort to salvage her little boat.
Who was working far into the night? Remember that an -ing verb form without an auxiliary
form to accompany it can never be a verb. We should change it to:

 Working far into the night, the couple made a valiant effort to salvage their little boat.
Example 3
The following sentence does not include a verb or complete the thought:

 Some of the students working in Professor Espinoza’s laboratory last semester.

What about some of the students working in Professor Espinoza’s laboratory last semester?
What happened to them? There is no verb in the sentence. An -ing verb form without an
auxiliary form to accompany it can never be a verb. We should change it to:

 Some of the students working in Professor Espinoza’s laboratory last semester are
now working on a special project.
Example 4
The following sentence does not express a complete the thought:

 Because he was sick.

This fragment contains a subject and a verb, but it is incomplete without an independent
clause. We should change it to:

 Tom could not make it to class today because he was sick.

The parallel structure of a sentence refers to the extent to which different parts of the
sentence match each other in form. When more than one phrase or description is used in a
sentence, those phrases or descriptions should be consistent with one an other in their form
and wording. Parallel structure is important because it enhances the ease with which the
reader can follow the writer's idea.

2. Values of innovations

Our goal is to increase your awareness of Value Innovation which is defined as

delivering exceptional value to the most important customer in the value chain all the time,
every time and show you how it can be used to help you in your business or organization.
 Value innovation does not necessarily create a completely new product or technology.
This type of innovation can improve on existing services and lowers the costs of that service
for both the company and their customers. Value innovation was first outlined in a 1997
article in Harvard Business Review by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, who would later
write the book Blue Ocean Strategy in 2005. Value innovation is a key principle of "blue
ocean strategy," a business approach that focuses on creating new market spaces instead of
fighting competitors existing market share. Instead of competing for market share, value
innovation is designed to create new markets.The goal of value innovation is to create new
demand and change the market enough to render the competition irrelevant in that market.

Predicted implications

The predicted implemented three experimental conditions, in which the participants could
perform the task alone (Individual condition), or in presence of the experimenter who acted
as a mere observer (Social condition) or as a confederate (Joint condition). The direct
comparison of these conditions gave us some additional insights in order to understand how
implementing a social context could affect action sentence processing and thus overt
movement execution, as showed by RTs and velocity peaks.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Language and innovation are inseparable.  Language puts meaning to our ideas, be it
spoken, written, or symbolic.  We convey ideas to others which is essential in corporate
innovation.  Innovation would be nearly impossible if we did not have language.

The innovation and changing of language are needed to developsocial context and
mindset of human. We as a millennial generation should be brave in using language and
make a new word in Speech because life is change with the people in there.

There are some require when changing a language. Firstly, make sure that a country on
your live capable to follow the modernization. It is important when someone or society or
you can’t to follow it, the innovation never success

Learning culture and language other country is an unforgettable experience in spite of we

do not forget our mother tongue, a culture and custom don’t let other country claim it. save
our culture and language it’s start from ourselves.

VI. REFERENCES

Alturo,N.(2014) The Interaction Between Context And Grammar In Functional Discourse

Grammar: Introduction: international pragmatics association, 24(2),185-201
Gianelli, C at al.(2013) The impact of social context and language comprehension on
behavior: kinematic investigation: PLOS,8(12).

Mafla, Y.P.(2016) Influence of social context on disclosure of data with interactive

equipment in public space.

McClain, C.M.K.(2017) Social context of development in natural outdoor environment

children’s motor activities, personal challlanges and peer interactions at the river
and the creek.