AGONCILLO

COLLEGE INC.
GENERAL
Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas MATHEMATICS
Tel: (043) 2102228 / (043) 2102905
email: agoncillocollege_inc.@yahoo.com
CONTENT STANDARD:

L M The learner demonstrates understanding of:

ABM  key concepts of inverse functions, exponential functions, and logarithmic

functions.

E O PERFORMANCE STANDARD:

The learner is able to:

A D  apply the concepts of inverse functions, exponential functions, and

logarithmic functions to formulate and solve real-life problems with
precision and accuracy.

HUMSS
R U MELCS:



represents real-life situations using exponential functions
distinguishes between exponential function, exponential equation, and
exponential inequality

N L 

solves exponential equations and inequalities.
represents an exponential function through its: (a) table of values, (b)
graph, and (c) equation
GAS  finds the domain and range of an exponential function.

I E 


determines the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of an exponential
function
solves problems involving exponential functions, equations, and
inequalities.

N S OBJECTIVES:

STEM  At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent real-life situations

G using exponential functions.

for
INTRODUCTION:
Grade 11 For all the transcendental functions, the logarithmic functions seem to provide
more applications and solutions to business and economic problems. In physical
First Semester applications, logarithmic functions are also useful in determining the magnitude of
Module 3 earthquake, intensity of sound and acidity of a chemical solution.

Week 5 – 6
PREPARED BY:
CHRISTIAN A. ENRIQUEZ
SUBJECT ADVISER
SUBJECT MATTER:
NOTED: Functions
CHRISTOPHER C. DE LEON
General Mathematics by Leo Andrei A. Crisologo
PRINCIPAL
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

An exponential function with base b is a function of the form f ( x )=bx or y=b x, where b> 0 , b≠ 1.

Examples of Exponential Functions.

f ( x )=6 x f ( x )=16 x f ( x )=3 x+1

Not Exponential Functions.

f ( x )=x 3 f ( x )=1 x f ( x )=x x

1
1
if b=−4 and x= b x =(−4) 2 = √−4
2
x
1
Example 1. Complete a table of values for x=−3 ,−2 ,−1 , 0 ,1 , 2∧3 for the exponential functions y=( ) , y=10 x ,
3
and y=(0.8)x .

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

1 x 1 1 1
y=( ) 27 9 3 1
3 3 9 27
1 1 1
y=10 x 1 10 100 1000
1000 100 10

y=(0.8)x 1.953125 1.5625 1.25 1 0.8 0.64 0.512

The most common applications in real-life of exponential functions and their transformations are population growth,
exponential decay, and compound interest.

Exponential Models and Population Growth

Suppose a quantity y doubles every T units of time. If y 0is the initial amount, then the quality y after t units of time is
t
given by y= y (2) r .
0

Example 2. Let t = time in days. At t = 0, there were initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria double every 100
hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria as a function of t.

Initially, at t = 0 Number of bacteria = 20

at t = 100 Number of bacteria = 20(2)

at t = 200 Number of bacteria = 20(20)2

at t = 300 Number of bacteria = 20(20)3

at t = 400 Number of bacteria = 20(20)4

t
An exponential model for this situation is y=¿20(2) 100

The half - life decay of a radioactive substance it takes for half of the substance to decay.

Exponential Functions and Half – life

If the half – life of a substance is T units, and y 0 is the amount of the substance corresponding to t = 0, then the amount
t
1
of y of substance remaining after t units of time is given by y= y 0( ) r
2
Example 3. Suppose that the half – life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days and there are 10 g initially,
determine the amount of substance remaining after 30 days.

Let t = time in days. Thus, we have:

Initially, at t = 0 Amount of substance = 10g

At t = 10 days Amount of substance = 5g

 At t = 20 days Amount of substance = 2.5g

At t = 30 days Amount of substance = 1.25g

1 10t
An exponential model for this situation is y=10 ( )
2
Exponential Functions, Equations and Inequalities

An Exponential Expression is an expression of the form a ∙ b x−c + d , where b> 0 , b≠ 1.

Examples:
2
2 (x+3)
4 x−1 9x 169 x 5 ¿
Exponential Equation Exponential Inequalities

An equation involving exponential expressions. An inequality involving exponential expressions.

Examples: Examples:
2
1
72 x−x = 52 x −5x +1 ≤ 0
343
Exponential Function

Functions of the form f ( x )=bx ( b>0 , b ≠ 1 ) .

Examples:
x x
f ( x )=( 1.8 ) or y= (1.8 )

Solve Exponential Function

Laws of Exponents

a n an
a m an=a m+n ( ) = n ,b≠0
b b
¿¿ a o=1
1
( ab )n=a n b n a−x =
ax

am m−n x
n
=a , a≠ 0 y
a y =√ a x
a
One – to – One Property of Exponential Functions

If x 1 ≠ x 2, then b x ≠ b x . Conversely, if b x =b x then x 1=x 2

1 2 1 2

x 1
Examples. Solve the equation 2 x =4. Solve the equation 2 =
2
1 −1
2 x =22 =2
2
x=2 2 x =2−1
Solve Exponential Inequalities

Property of Exponential Inequalities

 If b> 1, then the exponential function y=b x is increasing for all x . This means that b x >b yif an only if x < y .
 If the base is greater than 1, the direction of the inequality is retained.
 If 0< b>1 , then the exponential function y=b x is decreasing for all x . This means that b x >b yif an only if x < y .
 If the base is less than 1, then the direction of the inequality is reversed.

Rules for Solving Inequalities

  If the same real number is added to or subtracted from both sides of an inequality, the sense of the inequality is
not changed.
 If both sides of an inequality are multiplied by or divided by the same positive real number, the sense of the
inequality is not changed.
 If both sides of an inequality are multiplied by or divided by the same negative real number, the sense of the
inequality is changed.

Example. 3 x+1 >81 Example. 24 x+1 ≤512

3 x+1 >34 x +1>4 24 x+1 ≤29 4 x+1 ≤ 9

Since the base is 3>1 , x >4−1 Since the base is 2>1, 4 x ≤ 9−1
the direction of the inequality x >3 the direction of the 4 x≤8
is retained. Thus, the solution set is ( 3 ,+∞ ) . Inequality is retained. x≤2
Thus, the solution set is (−∞ , 2 ] .

Graphing Exponential Functions

Properties of Exponential Functions

 The domain is the set of all real numbers.

 The range is the set of all positive real numbers.
 It is a one – to – one function. It satisfies the Horizontal Line Test.
 The y – intercept is 1. There is no x – intercept.
 The horizontal asymptote is the line y=0 (or the x – axis). There is no vertical asymptote.
 The function is increasing if b> 1, and decreasing if 0< b<1.

Sketch the graph of f ( x )=2 x

Construct a table of values

x f ( x )=2 x 1 1
-3 1 y=2−3= = y=21 =2
23 8
8
-2 1 1 1
y=2−2= = y=22=4
4 22 4
-1 1
1 1
2 y=2−1= = y=23 =8
0 1 21 2
1 2
y=20=1
2 4
3 8

Plot the points and connect them using smooth

curve.

f ( x )=2 x
Domain: Set of all real numbers
Range: Set of all positive real numbers
y – intercept: y=20=1
There is no x – intercept
 Horizontal Asymptote: y=0

ACTIVITIES:
I. Directions: Tell whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE. Mark the box (✓) if the statement is true, otherwise mark
the box (X) if the statement is false.

II. Direction: In your answer sheet, determine whether each given is an exponential function, exponential equation or
exponential inequality or none of these.

III. Solve the equation 4 x−1=16