iy Designation: F 38 — 00 Standard Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Material" This canaries wae the fed designation 3; the aber neil ollwing the desis ince the ee of cgi opin ors ihe cas of ess th ea of at revision A rrer in paenthees incest Year of at approval A sapeecp ‘palo (snc ap edna change nce the nt evn or epee ‘hi sted ha been approved fer se by agencies of he Departs of Def. 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods provide a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a gasket material at a predeter- ‘mined time after a compressive stress has been applied. LLL Test Method 4— Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated strain gage on a bolt 1.1.2 Test Method B— Creep relaxation measured by means, of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, 13 This standard does not purport 10 address all of the safety concerns, if any; associated with its use. It is the responsibilty of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety end health practices and determine the applica bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standen: A193 Specification for Alloy Steel and Stainless Stee! Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service” B 637 Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Nickel Al- loy Bars, Forgings. and Forging Stock for High Tempera- rare Services? 1D 3040 Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Standards Related to Rubber and Rubber Testing’ F 104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate- rials? 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: Relaxometer, Method A (F 38)* “Thee test mthade are under the jdction of ASTM Commitee FOS Gaskes and we the dct esponsiiny of Subconsaste FOS20 on Mods oF Tet ‘Chret einen approves Ape 10, 200. Poblihes May 2000. Ona esed 1962 3 D 2150 Redesignated 1963. Lae previous eision FE 98 * Armal Book of STM Sone, Vol LOL 2 dpa! Boot of AST Std Vl 0204 * Dissainved “aoe 1959 sonal Book of ASTM Stands, Volo 09.01 and can £ Annual Book of ASTM Sona, Vol 08.02 A pt of th apparatus aval at 2 nomial cont om ASTM 100 Ber ‘Hubor Die, Cansobochen, PA 195, Regus Adjunct No ADIFOCSEOL Coprnraur anerican Society for Testing and Matertate Licensed by Information Handling sexvices Relaxometer, Method B (F 38)" 3. Summary of Test Methods 3.1 In both test methods the specimen is subjected to a ‘compressive stress between two platens, with the stress applied by a nut and bolt, 3.2 In Test Method A, normally run at room temperature, the stress is measured by a calibrated strain gage on the bolt. In running the test, strain indicator readings are taken at intervals of time, beginning at the loading time, to the end of the tes. The strain indicator readings are converted to percentages of the inital stress which are then plotted against the log of time in hours, The percentage of initial stress loss of relaxation can be read off the curve at any given time, within the limits of the total est time. 3.3 In Test Method B, run at room or elevated temperatures, the stress is determined by measuring the change in length of the calibrated bolt with a dial indicator. The bolt length is ‘measured at the beginning of the test and atthe end of the test; from this the percentage of relaxation is calculated, 4. Significance and Use 4.1 These test methods are designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions aud their ability to ‘maintain a given compressive stress as a fonction of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation, Torque loss can also be caused by elongation Of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be corzelated with field results ‘These test methods may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the consumer and the producer. [Note Test Method 8 wns develope using asbestos gsket materiale and at issuance substantiating data were not avilable for other ansket taterials 5. Apparatus 5. Best Method a: 3.11 Strain Indicator$ 5.1.2 Timer. Detailed wing Adjunct No ADIFOOSEO sings of ts appaatin ae aval ors ASTM, Orderth F 38 5.1.3 Relaxometer® composed of two platens, upper and lower; a bolt, with mounted strain gage: and a thrust bearing as shown in Fig. 1 4 Strain Gages® 120.0 resistance with a gage factor of | 2.0 + 0.10%. The gages shall be mounted to indicate tensile strain and positioned to compensate for torque, temperature, and bending. The gages shall be mounted on the small diameter of the bolt about 50.8 mm (2 in.) from the head. The bolt with ‘mounted strain gages must be calibrate. Test Method B: 5.2.1 Relaxometer,"#° composed of wo platens, special drilled and calibrated bolt, washer and nut composed of Specification A 193 Grade B7 or ASTM B 637 Grade UNS 1NO7718 or other alloys of construction that would satisfy the calibration procedure (see Annex) for the test temperature specified, and a dial indicator assembly as shown in Fig. 2. 5.2.2 Box End Wrench. 6. Test Specimen 6.1 Test Method 4— The sample size shall be 33.02 + 0.05 ‘mum (1.300 + 0.002 in.) in inside diameter and 52.32 + 0. ‘mm (2.060-+ 0.002 in.) in outside diameter. 6.2 Test Method B 6.2.1 Specimen size shall be 10.16 + 0.381 mm (0.400 + 0.015 in.) wide by 31.75 + 0.381 mm (1 Four specimens are required per test. 6.2.2 An annular specimen with 1 )0-mn? (2.0-in 50 + 0.015 in.) long. ) surface area may also be used, A size of 15.62-mm (0.615-in,) inside diameter by 43.56-mm (1.715-in.) outside diameter recommended. is * A main coder sch athe Lowds & Nanup Type G i peed for it pepore however SR ssn tice Moiele LK. and N Som Baldwins Hannon HI pocable rai nctor fom the Bod Co nd Bilge Ample fd Mets BAM! Hom Elis Associates nv ben found sft. * Baldvia-Laca Hulton Type AB-T axa gage ave been fad anny ‘Dao Berson, 40 Farsi St Stcushion, MA 02072 and Dold Jotnson, Metal Sanples, Rote I, Box 152, Mnford, AL 36268 are ope of he reseamcer cal 6.2.3 For Type 4 Class 2 materials, specimen size shall be ‘one continuous length of 152.4 mm (6.0 in.) 63 A minimum of three tests shall be conducted. 64 Nominal thickness of specimen shall be 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) unless otherwise agreed upon between the consumer and the producer, For Type 4 materials the nominal thickness of the specimen shall be no greater than 1.78 mm (0.07 in.) 7. Conditioning 7.1 Condition cut specimens in accordance with their clas- sification as required in Classification F 104, 8, Procedure 8.1 Test Method a: 8.11 Clean all surfaces, platens, and specimen free of wax, ‘mold release, and oils. (Remove with isooctane or other suitable solvent.) Lubricate bolt threads. 8.1.2 Use an initial stress of 13.8 + 0.3 MPa (2000 ++ 50 psi) unless otherwise specified, 8.1.3 Conduct the test at 20 t0 30°C (70 to 85°F) unless otherwise specified 8.14 Disassemble the relaxometer and place the specimen between platens. The inside diameter of the specimen should be nearly concentric with the inside diameter of the platens. Serew on the nut and thrust bearing and tighten very siighriy, by hand, or just enough to hold the specimen in place during subsequent handling. Mount the bead of the bolt in a clamp. 8.1.5 Hook up and balance the strain indicator. Record the reading. Then set the reading on the strain indicator for the specified initial stress. (The microinches that are added to the above reading will vary the stress and the strain gage bolt calibration.) 8.1.6 Apply stress to the gasket by tightening the aut with a solid wrench until the strain indicator reaches a balance. A torque of approximately 30 Nem (22 Ibf ft) is required for a ‘compressive force of 17.8 KN (4000 Ibi). The stress should be applied at uniform rate such that at the end of 10 + 2 s the specified stress is reached. This is called the “initial stress.” SHRUST BEARING PER PLAT INDICATOR yest ‘SPECIMEN FIG. 1 Relaxometer, est Method A Coprnraur anerican Society for Testing and Matertale Licensed by Information Handling sexvicesab F 38 DIAL InprcaroR SETH 920025 om (0.0004. an. GRADUATIONS Set ScREW srogvine poseTor® nore #Hp0LT AS wasnen*# test Se FoLaTENS SPECIMENS PARTS REFERRED TO AS ‘DIAL INDICATOR ASSEMOLY *KpanTs REFERRED TO AS RELAXOMETER view e view a8 FIG. 2 Relaxometer and Dial Indicator Assembly, Test Method B 8.1.7 Beginning at the time of “initial stress indicator readings at intervals of 10 s, 1 min, 6 n bh, Sh, 24h, etc. or until the end of the test. (Check the zero of the strain indicator after the test.) 8.1.8 Convert the strain indicator readings of 8.1.7 to a percentage of “initial stress.” Then plot this percentage on semilog paper against the log of time in hours 8.2 Test Method B 8.2.1 Clean all surfaces and lightly lubricate the washer and bolt threads; graphite and molybdenum disulfide have beea fond to be acceptable lubricants 8.22 Place rectangular specimens between the platens in accordance with Fig. 2 and making sure they are no closer than 2 mm (0.078 inches) to the other pieces and the edge of the platens. If an anaular specimen is used, center the specimen around the bolt hole between the platens. If a Type 4 Class 2 specimen is used, center the specimen around the bolt hole Coprnraur anerican Society for Testing and Matertate Licensed by Information Handling sexvices beerveen the platens, being certain that the two ends overlap by 4 minimum of 638 mm (0.25 in). 823 Place the washer in position and screw on the aut, finger tight 8.24 Screw on the dial indicator assembly. finger tia, and set the dial indicator at the zero reading 8.25 Apply stress to the specimens by tightening the aut with @ wrench until the desired dial indicator reading is reached. Record the reading (Dg). Apply the strss in one continuous motion with a maximum losding time of 3s. A bolt elongation of 0.1222 to 0.1270 mm (0.00481 10 0.00500 in is typical for a compressive force of 6.7 KN (6000 Ib). Remove the dial indicator assembly. (The calibration procedure is outlined in Annex Al.) Nove 2—Whcn testing materia thicker thn 0.8 sa (0.03 in), the tie to ight hem say be extended to $s maxima allo for he Jouger ae sequied to apply the et lou. 8.26 Place the specimen unit in a hot ar-crculating oven for 22 h at 100 + 2°C (212 + 3.6°F), unless otherwise specified. The maximum test temperature for Specification A193 Grade B7 shall not exceed 204.4°C (400°F) and the ‘maximum test temperature for ASTM B63? Grade UNS NO7TIS shall not exceed 482.2°C (90°F). 8.2.7 Remove from the oven and cool to room temperature. 82.8 Replace the dial indicator assembly. finger tight, and set the dial indicator at the zero reading. Loosen the nut, ‘without disturbing the dial indicator assembly, and record the dial reading ( D). 8.29 Caloulate the percentage selexation as follows [D.~ DY DaIx 100 ® Relation % . Report 9.1 Report the following information: 9.1.1 Identification and designation number of the material tested, 9.1.2 Test temperature 9.1.3 Length of the test, in hours 9.14 “Initial stress” used, and the specimen thickness, 9.1.5 Percentage stress loss for each specimen, and 9.1.6 Average of all the results recorded in 9.1.5 10, Precision and Bias 10.1 These precision and bias statements have been pre- pared in accordance with Practice D 3040. Please refer to this practice for terminology and other testing and statistical ‘concept explanations. 10.2 Seven laboratories tested the following five gasket ‘materials (Classification F 104 material designations) for creep relaxation: Type 1, Class 1; Type 1, Class 2; Type 5, Class 1: Type 7. Class 1: Type 7, Class 2. Test Method B, Type 1 conditioning was used by all laboratories. Rectangular test specimens were prepared fom gasket sheets by cutting them. " Some brates have found Alloy A286 mess the caliraton seca at tempers op #82 °C GOOF) The usr may spec any alloy of omseucnon ‘Slomg ar he Moy mews the clan stand fre dese temperate "Siguoring dit we avaiable fom ASTM Henlgunes, Roqust RR 1008,th F 38 ‘with the long dimension in the machine direction. Tests were conducted in accordance with Test Methods F 38 Test Method B, with an initial stress of 20.68 MPa (3000 psi) applied on a 1290-mm? (2-in#) sample area, total of 26.7-KN (6000-Ib) compressive force. The tests were conducted for 22 h at 100°C (212°F). The tests were conducted in triplicate on each material using the A193 Grade B7 Fixture. TABLE 1 Precision of Creep Relaxation Test of Gasket Mi Nowe 1-8 ~ standard devistion. CV ~ %coefiient of variation isp = (S x 100)(averase) least sguicatdiference benween to individual test results aed on a 95 [Nove 2—An anmular specimen can be used in place of rectangular specimens for Type 1. Clas 2: Type $, Class 1: Type 7 10.3 The precision results for the A193 Grade B7 Fixture are given in Table 1 104 Additional F-38 Round Robin test data regarding the evaluation of ASTM B 637 UNS NO77IS is provided in Appendix X1. AL. Keywords 11.1 creep relaxation; deflection; gasket material; platens; relaxometer; strain; stress; temperature; torque bolt; rorque loss, rials, Using Coefficient of Variation Method of Presenting Results coufdence level, = 2/7 (CN), ass 1: and Type 7. Class 2,An anlar spesimen cannot be used in place of rectangular specimens for Type 1, Class 1 because of the statistically significant difference in results Taste Type and Relaxation Vaues Repeat Repoaua ches Claecaton pea peasy Foe Rewe _ Avwage 5 Os LS 5 on 10% Type 7 Class 1 wea ise 12 3a 25 is ae BT Type 1 Class 2 y2at 08 tor 62 v6 282 82 24 Type 5 Glass 1 40-89 53 wer 181 m2 201 n8 901 Type 7 Class 1 spas 8 133 30 nr S63 Ba B15 “ybe 7 class 2 bras mo oor a2 na 310 19, 1 ANNEX (Mandatory Information) Al, TEST METHOD B CREEP RELANATON APPARATUS: BOLT CALIBRATION PROCEDURE ALL Purpose AL-L1 To precondition (strain relieve) the bolts at elevated temperature prior to calibration. ‘ALL2 To calibrate the bolts after preconditioning, and on a periodic basis after use. Bolts used at temperatures greater than 205°C (401°F) should be recalibrated more often than bolts used at lower test temperatures 'ALL3 To ensure that the bolt is functioning properly. Should the calibration of a bolt result in an elongation of less than 0.114 min (0.00450 in.) or more than 0.140 mm (0.00550 in.) at 26.7 KN (6000 Ibf), the bolt should be discarded. AL2 Apparatus AL2.1 Relaxometer, in accordance with 5.2.1 of Test Meth- ods F 38, modified so that each platen can accept a pair of steel dowel pins. ‘A122 Spacer, washer-shaped, 0.80 * 0.13 mm (0.031 + 0.005 in.) thick. A123 Tensile Testing Machine, capable of obtaining and recording a load of 26.7 EN (6000 Ib). The maximum allowable system erzor equals 0.5 % of the applied load, ‘AL.24 Calibration Apparams, 10 connect the relasometer to the tensile machine. See Fig. Al.1 ALB Procedure A131 If the bolts to be calibrated are new, they must be preconditioned using the following procedure, Assemble the Coprnraur anerican Society for Testing and Matertale Licensed by Information Handling sexvices relaxometer without gaskets. Load the bolt to obtain a deflec~ tion of 0.13 + 0.0013 mum (0.00500 + 0.00005 in.) and record this value as the ofiginal deflection. Place the fixture in a circulating air oven preheated to 50°F above the intended ‘maximum test temperature. After 22 h, remove the fisture from, the oven, cool to room temperature, and remove the load from the bolt, measuring the deflection to the nearest 0.0013 mm (0.00005 in.). Record this deflection as the final deflection Repeat this cycle until the original and final deflection differ by 2 Value that does not show a trend to decrease further from one cycle to the next. Typically, the bolts will stabilize at 3% or less difference berween the original and final deflection, Nore Al.1—Normally, seven cycles or less are sufcient to precondi+ tioa bolts A132. with the steel washer in place of the gasket, and tighten the mut only finger tight. Mount the fixture in the calibration apparatus as shown in Fig. Al.1. Adjust the span so ‘that no tensile load is applied to the selaxometer bolt and set the dial indicator at zero. Apply the tensile force until a load of 4.43 KEN (1000 Ibf) is attained. Maintain this load and record the bolt elongation by estimating to the nearest 0.0013 mm (0.00005 in.) on the dial indicator. Continue loading the bolt, recording the clougation at 4.45-KN increments up to 26.7 LN (6000 Ibs). A133 Remove the tensile load from the relaxometer bolt If the dial indicator does not read zero (within 0.0025 mmab F 38 Upper Yoke. Dowel Pins Dial Indic Lower Yoke —— FIG. At.1 Schematic of Bolt Calibration Apparatus (0.0001 in.), reject the data, Reset the dial indicator to zero and reload the bolt in accordance with A1.3.2, recording the elongations. Apply the loads (© the relaxometer bolt three cousccutive times, recording the clongation at the 4.45-kN (1000-1b#) increments A134 Prepare a bolt calibration curve by plotting the average bolt elongation against the bolt loads on linear graph paper. The curve must be a straight line, APPENDIX (Sonmandatory Information) Xi. EVALUATION OF ASTM B 637 UNS NO7TIS X11 The attached F-38 Round Robin test data regarding the evaluation of ASTM B 637 UNS NO7718 was completed by the Creep Relaxation task group, F3.20.01, and is provided Coprnraur anerican Society for Testing and Matertate Licensed by Information Handling sexvices fe Figs. X11-3 informational purposes only in Tables X11 and X1.2 and LAth F 38 TABLE X1.1_F-38 Round Robin Test Dats—ASTM B 837 UNS NO7718 TEER Tesla TestLab Testa TEPERATURE EGF mom SC~«SCSSCSOSCSCO SAMPLE t Ben Bay Sy 42% M7% 9% ON Blan aasy m0% a SAMPLE 2 bam HON Wen 40% BON s19% HIN B24 IN TES% Type 7, Class + SAKPLE 3 Bam 6% MTR 48% 272% 9% OH BIA ATA THA ‘RVERAGE Dim 2% AON 25% 272% 616% SOON e2IH 452% —T2O% SAMPLE 1 14% 215% BOR M2 EH BIR HAH 19H EH Baw o SAMPLE 2 Hom ae Bde Sem rR MON 7 Sm ON ee Type 7. Gless2 S$ aNPLE 22% MTS Ie WON TO —BB% IH AIH AIS AH ‘RVERAGE 25% 5% W1% 53% 13% NTN MON Hah ASH @25% SAMPLE + 16% 201% 2E% 256% 155% MAK BIH Seon UAH sLO% . SANPLE 2 Bim ae an 26% 166K 4m BIN SON AX AT® ‘ype 7. lass + SAMPLE 3 26% 170% 250% 239% 162% Ee SIN BIH B9B% SDE ‘AVERAGE 19% 191% MI 260% 150% 2H REN Shaw GOON OH SAMPLE t 52% 19% 40% «57% ATH «77% «107% 722% 107% 205% a SAMPLE 2 20% 30% 45% «38% «OH «74H DOH TH TT 185% Type 5, Class + SAMPLE 3 Ere ee Se RVERAGE 35% 21% 40% 40% 60% 70% 105% 202% _a4% 277% Ties Lab Duss cara Fo ures mage th Alay AZBS TABLE X1.2 F.38 Round Robin Test Dats—ASTM B 837 UNS NO7718 TESTER Tes abe Teta TemERATRE DEG. 22 = 0 2 SC ANPLEY Hox Ss% 4% 9% Wasm Sam 40m 478% ‘SAMPLE 2 98% «MON «Tom «DTM «TOON «= «SOOM © SOO 400% Type 7, Gass 4 SANPLE 5 2o% Im aba SAN ‘RERAGE 25% 42% 85% 46% eH S02 GOH 0% SAVELE 1 7% 214% = OH 4 NOTA ka a0 ‘SANPLE 2 105% © 206% © 21% «= MOM «140% «DO = 9D 350% Type 7, iss 2 SANPLE 3 10% 190% 200% 28T ‘AVERAGE 127% 202% 300% W2% Won wIw ow sO saveLe 1 9% 20% 24% 249% SH HMB 281% SAMPLE 2 Woe «4k 24% Gm BOR TD RO SO “ype 7, Class 1 SANELE 3 (5% ted os 28am ‘AVERAGE 112% 86% 22% 24am ~—~7SKOTT& awe ‘SAMPLE 1 12% 52% AT «63% 39% 22m Ska ‘SANELE 2 Van 13H eh 48H 30m Om Som go Type 5, Cass 1 SANPLE 3 20% 45% 2m 49m RERAGE 15% 37% ~~~ ~—«SSH—~CS2H~C*CNN~C«‘S~C«*T COPYRIGHT Anexican Society for Testing and Materials Licensed by Information Handling sexvices3 PERCENT CREEP RELAXATION ‘TeNPERATURE FIG. X1.1 ASTM B 637 UNS NOT718 Type 7, Claes 1 FIG. x1.2 ASTM B 637 UNS NO7718 Type 7, Class 2 Coprnraur anerican Society for Testing and Matertate Licensed by Information Handling sexvicesth F 38 a - 5 i i FIG, X1.3 ASTM B 637 UNS NO7718 Type 7, Class 1 PERCENT CREEP RELAKATION FIG. X1.4 ASTM B 637 UNS NO7718 Type 5, Class 4 ‘Te Amercan Sooty fo Testing ana Matera ates no poston respecting te aly any pater rghs asset connection seth ay dem mordaned nhs tac Users of hs slancard ae express acvsed thal deeraaton of he val fay Suc) bata gts ne na of nangement a such nights ae entra harem responsi Thi standarsis utc to revion a any tn by the responsible tactical come and mut be reed vy fe yrs and \tnotrevsed ether reapproveda uefa Your comments re uted there revson of Ps standard rt adtanal anders ‘ad shuld be aceheseod 1 AST Headuarers. Your corments il cove careful consieraon ata metng ote response ‘Rehncalcammrice whch you may stra you fal hat yur comments have nat caved @ fa Reig ou SNOW Make yOu? ets king fo the ASTI Commies on Standards, a th adress shown Bel ‘This standarcopynaniedby ASTI 100 ar Harbor Ove, PO ioe C700, Mest Conshohocken, Pa 1428-2959 Unie Sates Indu opis (angie oF muti copes) of ths stand may be obtained by cntactng ASTM atte above aiktecs oF a (0.832.955 phone) GIO-BT2 E585 yor sericea oy (ema orth i ASTU webste oa ash Om) Coprnraur anerican Society for Testing and Matertale Licensed by Information Handling sexvices