مرجع شامل لكل رموز ومصطلحات التحاليل الطبية

‫جميع رموز واختصارات التحاليل الطبية‬
‫والنسب الطبيعه والغير طبيعه مع التفسير‬

Amr kamal
Abbreviations Used in
Laboratory Diagnosis
A/G ratio = Albumin Globulin ratio
ACP = Acid Phosphates
AFP = Alpha fetoprotein
ALP = Alkaline phosphates
ALT = Alanine transaminase (SGPT)
ASOT = Antistreptolysin – O-titre
AST = Aspartate transaminase (SGOT)
BSC = Blood Sugar Curve
BT = Bleeding Time
BUN = Blood Urea Nitrogen

Ca = Calcium
CBC = Complete Blood Count
CBP = Complete Blood Picture
CEA = Carcinombryronic antigen
Cl = Chloride
CK-MB = CK – isoenzyme
CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
CPK = Creatine Phosphokinase
CRP = C - reactive protein
CT = Clotting Time
CUA = Complete Urine Analysis
DLC = Differential Leukocyte Count
ELIZA = Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
ESR = Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
FBS = Fasting Blood Sugar
Fe = Ferrous (iron)
FSH = Follicular Stimulating Hormones
G-6-PD = Glucose – 6- Phosphate Dehydrgenase

GGT = Gamma glutamyl Transferase
HAVAb = Hepatitis A- antibodies
HAV = Hepatitis A Virus
HB% = Hemoglobin percent
HBs Ag = Hepatitis B surface antigen
HbA1c = Glycosylated Hemoglobin
HCT = Hematocrit
HCV Ab = Hepatitis C Virus antibodies
HDLc = High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
HGH = Human Growth Hormone
HIV = AIDS virus (Human Immunodeficient Virus)
LDH = Lactate Dehydrogenase
LDL = Low Density Lipoproteins
LH = Luteinizing Hormone
MCH = Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
MCV = Mean Corpuscular Volume
MCHC = Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin conc.

Na = Sodium
OGTT = Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
PSA = Prostate Specific Antigen
RBC = Red Blood Cell count
T3 = Tri iodothyronine
T4 = Thyroxin
TG = Triglycerides
TSH = Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
WBC = White Blood Cell Count

Common Lab Values
Hematology Values
HEMATOCRIT (HCT)
Normal Adult Female Range: 37 - 47%
Optimal Adult Female Reading: 42%
Normal Adult Male Range 40 - 54%
Optimal Adult Male Reading: 47%
Normal Newborn Range: 50 - 62%
Optimal Newborn Reading: 56%
HEMOGLOBIN (HGB)
Normal Adult Female Range: 12 - 16 g/dl
Optimal Adult Female Reading: 14 g/dl
Normal Adult Male Range: 14 - 18 g/dl
Optimal Adult Male Reading: 16 g/dl
Normal Newborn Range: 14 - 20 g/dl
Optimal Newborn Reading 17 g/dl
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)
Normal Adult Range: 27 - 33 pg
Optimal Adult Reading: 30
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
Normal Adult Range: 80 - 100 fl

Higher ranges are found in newborns and infants
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Concentration)
Normal Adult Range: 32 - 36 %
Higher ranges are found in newborns and infants
R.B.C. (Red Blood Cell Count)

Normal Adult Female Range: 3.9 - 5.2 mill/mcl
Optimal Adult Female Reading: 4.55
Normal Adult Male Range: 4.2 - 5.6 mill/mcl
Optimal Adult Male Reading: 4.9
Lower ranges are found in Children, newborns and infants
W.B.C. (White Blood Cell Count)

Normal Adult Range: 3.8 - 10.8 thous/mcl
Optimal Adult Reading: 7.3
Higher ranges are found in children, newborns and infants.
PLATELET COUNT
Normal Adult Range: 130 - 400 thous/mcl
Higher ranges are found in children, newborns and infants
NEUTROPHILS and NEUTROPHIL COUNT

- This is the main defender of the body against infection
and antigens. High levels may indicate an active infection.

Normal Children’s Range: 30 - 60 %
Optimal Children’s Reading: 45
LYMPHOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTE COUNT
- Elevated levels may indicate active viral infections such

as measles, rubella, chickenpox, or infectious
mononucleosis.

Normal Children’s Range: 25 - 50 %
Optimal Children’s Reading: 37.5
MONOCYTES and MONOCYTE COUNT
- Elevated levels are seen in tissue breakdown or chronic

infections, carcinomas, leukemia (monocytic) or
lymphomas.

EOSINOPHILS and EOSINOPHIL COUNT –

Elevated levels may indicate an allergic reactions or
parasites.
Normal Adult Range: 0-5%

BASOPHILS and BASOPHIL COUNT
Basophilic activity is not fully understood but it is
known to carry histamine, heparin and serotonin. High
levels are found in allergic reactions.
Electrolyte Values
SODIUM
- Sodium is the most abundant Cation in the blood and its
chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic
pressure, acid-base balance and to transmit nerve
impulses. Very Low value: seizure and Neurologic Sx.
Normal Adult Range: 135-146 mEq/L

POTASSIUM
- Potassium is the major intracellular Cation. Very low
value: Cardiac arrhythmia.
Normal Range: 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/L

CHLORIDE
- Elevated levels are related to acidosis as wells too much
water crossing the cell membrane
Decreased levels with decreased serum albumin may

indicate water deficiency crossing the cell membrane
(edema). - Diabetes
Optimal Adult Reading: 103 mEq/L
Discussion
Chloride contributes to the body’s acid/base balance.
Along with Sodium, Potassium and Carbon Dioxide, it is
important in evaluating acid/base relationships, state of
hydration, adrenal and renal functions. Its level varies
inversely with Carbon Dioxide. Chloride elevation indicates
acidosis, decrease indicate alkalosis.
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

- The CO2 level is related tothe respiratory exchange of
carbon dioxide in the lungs and is part of the bodies
buffering system. Generally when used with the other
electrolytes, it is a good indicator of acidosis and alkalinity.

Normal Children's Range - 20 - 28 mEq/L
Optimal Children's Reading: 24
CALCIUM
- involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat
transfer muscular contraction, transmission of nerve
impulses, blood clotting and cardiac function. Regulated by
parathyroid.
Normal Adult Range: 8.5-10.3 mEq/dl
Discussion
Serum calcium is not at all reflective of total body stores of

calcium but rather reflects the metabolic and hormonal
state of the individual. Ionic or free calcium is not only the
biologically active form of calcium but reflects the amount
of albumin and the blood pH.
Serum calcium can not be properly interpreted without

serum albumin level. Use the formula Adjusted Calcium =
Serum calcium - serum albumin + 4. By far the most
common causes of hypocalcaemia are primary
hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, and drug-induced. A
PTH, calcium, albumin and phosphorus level drawn
simultaneously helps classify the etiology into main
groups. Watch for signs of calcium deposition and kidney
stones
MAGNESIUM
Optimal Range: 2-3 mg/DL
Discussion
The serum magnesium is not reflective of total magnesium
stores. Unfortunately there is not a good test for
magnesium, but a red cell Mg level is preferable to serum
magnesium. Approximately 2/3 to ¾ of magnesium in blood
is not attached to protein.
PHOSPHORUS
- Generally inverse with Calcium.
Normal Adult Range: 2.5 - 4.5 mEq/dl

Normal Children's Range: 3 - 6 mEq/dl
Optimal Children's Range: 4.5
ANION GAP
(Sodium + Potassium - CO2 + Chloride) - An increased
measurement is associated with metabolic acidosis due to
the overproduction of acids (a state of alkalinity is in
effect). Decreased levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis
due to the overproduction of alkaloids (a state of acidosis
is in effect).
Normal Adult Range: 4 - 14 (calculated)

CALCIUM / PHOSPHORUS Ratio

Normal Adult Range: 2.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Normal Children’s range: 1.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Optimal Children’s Reading: 2.3
SODIUM / POTASSIUM
Normal Adult Range: 26 - 38 (calculated)
hepatic enzymes
AST (Serum Glutamic- Oxalocetic
Transaminase - SGOT
) Found primarily in the liver, heart, kidney, pancreas, and
muscles. Seen in tissue damage, especially heart and live
Normal Adult Range: 0 - 42 U/L
ALT (Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase -

SGPT)
- Decreased SGPT in combination with increased
cholesterol levels is seen in cases of a congested liver. We
also see increased levels in mononucleosis, alcoholism,
liver damage, kidney infection, chemical pollutants or
myocardial infarction
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
- Used extensively as a tumor marker it is also present in
bone injury, pregnancy, or skeletal growth (elevated
readings. Low levels are sometimes found in hypoadrenia,
protein deficiency, malnutrition and a number of vitamin
deficiencies
Normal Children's Range: 40 - 400 U/L
Optimal Children's Reading: 220
GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase)

- Elevatedlevels may be found in liver disease, alcoholism,
bile-duct obstruction, cholangitis, drug abuse, and in some
cases excessive magnesium ingestion. Decreased levels
can be found in hypothyroidism, hypothalamic malfunction
and low levels of magnesium.
Normal Adult Female Range: 0 - 45 U/L
Optimal Female Reading: 22.5
Normal Adult Male Range: 0 - 65 U/L
Optimal Male Reading: 32.5
LDH (Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase)

- Increases are usuallyfound in cellular death and/or
leakage fromthe cell or in some cases it can be useful in
confirming myocardial or pulmonary infarction (only in
relation to other tests). Decreased levelsof the enzyme
maybe seen in cases of malnutrition, hypoglycemia,
adrenal exhaustion or low tissue or organ activity.
TOTAL BILIRUBIN
- Elevated in liver disease, mononucleosis, hemolytic

anemia, low levels of exposure to the sun, and toxic effects
to some drugs, decreased levels are seen in people with an
inefficient liver, excessive fat digestion, and possibly a diet
low in nitrogen bearing foods
Normal Adult Range 0 - 1.3 mg/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: .65
Renal Related:-
B.U.N. (Blood Urea Nitrogen
) - Increases can be caused by excessive protein intake,
kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal
bleeding, exercise or heart failure. Decreased levels may be
due to a poor diet, malab % sorption, liver damage or low
nitrogen intake.
Normal Adult Range: 7 - 25 mg/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: 16 mg/DL
CREATININE
- Low levels are sometimes seen in kidney damage, protein
starvation, liver disease or pregnancy. Elevated levels are
sometimes seen in kidney disease due to the kidneys job of
excreting creatinine, muscle degeneration, and some drugs
involved in impairment of kidney function,
Congestive heart failure
Normal Adult Range: 0 .7 - 1.4 mg/dl

Discussion
Creatinine is formed in muscles from creatine, which is

formed in the liver. It is a substance that in health is easily
excreted by the kidney. Because all Creatinine filtered by
the kidneys is excreted into the urine, its levels at any given
time interval are ***************
alent to the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
URIC ACID
- High levels are noted in gout, infections, kidney disease,
alcoholism, high protein diets, and with toxemia in
pregnancy. Low levels may be indicative of kidney disease,
malabsorption, poor diet, liver damage or an overly acid
kidney.
Normal Adult Female Range: 2.5 - 7.5 mg/dl
Optimal Adult Female Reading: 5.0

Normal Adult Male Range: 3.5 - 7.5 mg/dl
Optimal Adult Male Reading:5.5
BUN/CREATININE
- This calculation is a good measurement of kidney and
liver function.
Normal Adult Range: 6 -25 (calculated)
Protein:-
TOTAL PROTEIN
- Decreased levels may be due to poor nutrition, liver
disease, malabsorption, diarrhea, or severe burns.
Increased levels are seen in lupus, liver disease, chronic
infections, alcoholism, leukemia, tuberculosis amongst
many others.
Normal Adult Range: 6.0 -8.5 g/dl
ALBUMIN
- major constituent of serum protein (usually over 50%).
High levels are seen in liver disease (rarely) , shock,
dehydration, or multiple myeloma. Lower levels are seen in
poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infection, liver disease,
inadequate iron intake, third-degree burns and edemas or
hypocalcaemia
Normal Adult Range: 3.2 - 5.0 g/dl
GLOBULIN
- Globulins have many diverse functions such as, the
carrier of some hormones, lipids, metals, and antibodies
(IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE). Elevated levels are seen with
chronic infections, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis,
myelomas, and lupus are present, . Lower levels in immune
compromised patients, poor dietary habits, malabsorption
and liver or kidney disease.
Normal Adult Range: 2.2 - 4.2 g/dl (calculated)
A/G RATIO (Albumin/Globulin Ratio)

Normal Adult Range: 0.8 - 2.0 (calculated)
Lipids:-
CHOLESTEROL
- High density lipoproteins (HDL) is desired as opposed to
the low density lipoproteins (LDL), two types of cholesterol.
Elevated cholesterol has been seen in arthrosclerosis,
diabetes, hypothyroidism, pancreatic dysfunction and
pregnancy. Low levels are seen in depression, malnutrition,
liver insufficiency, malignancies, anemia, Hyperthyroidism
and infection.

Optimal Range: 185-200 mg/dl
Discussion
Cholesterol is an important part of our diet. It is essential to

the proper function and structure of cell membranes. Bile
acids are derived from cholesterol. The liver, adrenals, sex
glands, intestines, and even the placenta, manufacture
cholesterol. Cholesterol is best used as an indicator of
other metabolic dysfunction. Should not be considered a
disease by itself unless extreme, which indicates familial
cause. Check triglycerides and HDL/LDL. Cholesterol is
increased with endocrine hypo function. Low levels are not
necessarily desirable as it is associated with increased
incidence of malignancy and mental illness
LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)

- studies correlate the association between high levels of
LDL and arterial arthrosclerosis
Optimal Adult Reading: 81 mg/dl
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

- A high level of HDL is an indication of a healthy metabolic
system if there is no sign of liver disease or intoxication.
Optimal Adult Reading: +85 mg/dl
Discussion
HDL is comprised of phospholipids and one or two

apolipoproteins. It plays a role in the metabolism of other
lipoproteins and in the transport of cholesterol to the liver.
The HDL is a class of lipoproteins produced by the liver
and intestines.A combination of increased triglyceride,
cholesterol, and LDL with reduced HDL is indicative of
atherogenic tendencies. A diet high in sugar may decrease
HDL while increasing total serum cholesterol
TRIGLYCERIDES
- Increased levels may be present in atherosclerosis,
hypothyroidism, liver disease, pancreatitis, myocardial
infarction, metabolic disorders, toxemia, and nephrotic
syndrome. Decreased levels may be present in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, brain infarction,
hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, and malabsorption.
CHOLESTEROL / LDL RATIO

Normal Adult Range: 1 - 6
Thyroid:-
THYROXINE (T4)-
Increased levels are found in hyperthyroidism, acute
thyroiditis, and hepatitis. Low levels can be found in
Cretinism, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, malnutrition, and
chronic thyroiditis.
Normal Adult Range: 4 - 12 ng/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: 8 ng/dl
Free THYROXINE (T4)-

A low level may indicate a diseased thyroid gland or may
indicate a non-functioning pituitary gland which is not
stimulating the thyroid to produce T4 . If T4 is low and TSH
is normal , that is more likely to indicate a problem with the
pituitary .
Normal Adult Range: 8-2 ng/dl
Free Triiodothyronine (T3)

- Sometimes the diseased thyroid gland will start producing
very high levels of T3 but still produce normal level of T4.
Therefore measurement of both hormones provides an
even more accurate evaluation of thyroid function.
Normal Adult Range1.4-4.4 pg/ml
THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)
produced by the anterior pituitary gland, causes the -
release and distribution of stored thyroid hormones.
When T4 and T3 are too high, TSH secretion decreases,
when T4 and T3 are low, TSHsecretion increases. Mid–
rangenormal in most labs is about 1.7. A high level of
TSH combined with a low or normal T4 level generally
indicates hypothyroidism, which can have an effect on
fertility.
Normal Adult Range: .0.4-4.0 mlU/l
Cardiac:-
Creatine phosphokinase (CK)
- Levels rise 4 to 8 hours after an acute MI, peaking at 16 to
30 hours and returning to baseline within 4 days
25-200 U/L
32-150 U/L
CK-MB CK isoenzyme
- It begins to increase 6 to 10 hours after an acute MI, peaks
in 24 hours, and remains elevated for up to 72 hours.
< 12 IU/L if total CK is <400 IU/L
<3.5% of total CK if total CK is >400 IU/L
LDH) Lactate dehydrogenase

- Total (LDH) will begin to rise 2 to 5 days after an MI; the
elevation can last 10 days.
140-280 U/L
SGOT
will begin to rise in 8-12 hours and peak in 18-30 hours -

10-42 U/L
GLUCOSE -
Optimal Range: 85-100 mg/DL

Causes of Increased
· Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance syndromes
· Thiamine (B1) insufficiency
· Stress
· Acute and chronic pancreatitis
· Drugs (anabolic and glucocorticoids, epinephrine, ,
diuretics,)
Causes of Decreased
Excess insulin (insulinoma, over dosage)
Impaired glucose tolerance (post-prandial)
Late/large malignancies
Endocrine hypo function (thyroid, adrenal cortex, anterior
pituitary)
Protein malnutrition
Sometimes in pregnancy
Liver dysfunction
After gastric surgeries (altered gastric emptying)
By.AmrKamal
IRON
Optimal Range: 75-150 mg/ml
Causes of Increased
Ineffective erythropoiesis (thalassemias, sideroblastic)
Intra-vascular hemolysis
Liver disease (alcohol, portocaval shunts)
Excessive iron intake
Causes of Decreased
Iron deficiency (low ferritin level; nutritional, blood loss, ,
small bowel disease, increased demand)
Chronic disease (liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, etc.)
Discussion
Iron is known for its relationship to hemoglobin, which

transports oxygen. Confirm true iron deficiency before
supplementing iron. Never give Iron to someone who has
an inflamed liver because this can be toxic. With B12
or Iron deficiencies, give special consideration to increased
occurrence in the elderly. The most important test for iron
is the serum ferritin.
By.AmrKamal
Normal Laboratory Values in

Pregnancy
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT

10-60 units/L
Increases in HELLP syndrome
Albumin
3.6g/dL-5.2g/dL
Decreases in pregnancy due to hem dilution. Plasma
oncotic pressure decreases as well.
Alkaline Phosphates
42-98 units/L
Levels increase in pregnancy 11-128 units/L
(peaking in the 3rd trimester. Further increases may
be seen when there is liver impairment.
Amylase
1) Serum amylase rises gradually during pregnancy until
the twenty-fifth week and thereafter falls slightly
(2) Serum amylase values in normal pregnant women in the
second and third trimesters may exceed those seen in
normal men and nonpregnant women
(3) During the second trimester of pregnancy there may be
an alteration in the relative distribution of the pancreatic
and salivary-type isoamylases with the salivary type
tending to dominate. Knowledge of these changes is of
importance in the clinical assessment of serum amylase
values in pregnant women complaining of abdominal pain
and other symptoms suggestive of acute pancreatitis
Arterial Blood Gases

Non-pregnant Pregnant
PO2 85-100mmHg 104-108mmHg
PCO2 35-45mmHg 27-32mmHg

Ph 7.35-7.45 7.35 -7.45
SaO2 95-99% 95-99%
HCO3 22-28mEq/L 18-25mEq/L.
Please note the decrease in HCO3 values due to renal
excretion of bicarbonate (compensatory metabolic
acidosis)
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST or SGOT)

10-42 units/L
Increases in acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HELLP
syndrome and preeclampsia
Bleeding Time
2-7 minutes
>11 minutes are of concern
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

8-20mg/dL
Decreases in pregnancy
BUN levels are normally lower especially towards the end

of pregnancy when the fetus is using large amounts of
protein.
Calcium (Ca)
Serum 8.4-10.2mg/dL
Serum Ionized 4.0-4.8mg/dL

Total calcium level decreases because of hemodilution.
However, ionized Ca remains the same due to decrease in
serum albumin.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Hgb 12-16g/dL. Pregnancy decreases Hgb by 1.5-2 g.dL
Hct 37-47%. (4-6% decrease in pregnancy)
RBC 4.2-5.4 x 106/ul. Pregnancy decreases by 0.8 x
106/ul
MCV 81-99 um3 (81-99fl)
MCH 27-31 pg (27-31pg)
MCHC 33-37 g/dl (330-370 g/L)
WBC 4.8-10.8 X 103/ul (4.8-10.8 X 109/L); 5-12K
in pregnancy and 14-16K during labor.
Differential
Segs 53-79%; Bands 1-10 %;Eos 0-4%;Lymphs 13-
46%;Monos 3-9%;Basos 0-1%
Serum Cortisol
5-25ug/dl (138-690 nmol/L) in the morning and 3-13ug/dl
(83-359 nmol/L in the evening.
Creatinine (serum)
0.6-1.2 mg/dl
Pregnancy 0.4-0.8 mg/dl.
Creatinine > 1 mg/dL signifies renal dysfunction in
pregnancy
Serum electrolytes
Chloride 98-109 mEq/L
Sodium 137-145mEq/L
Potassium 3.5- 5.0 mEq/L
Bicarbonate 18-21 mmol/L
Potassium decreases 0.1-0.2mEq/L and Sodium decreases
2-3 mEq/L
Coagulation Factors
I Fibrinogen Changes in pregnancy 4.0-6.5 g/l
II Prothrombin Changes in pregnancy 100-125%
IV Ca.++ - No change
V Proaccelerin -.changes in pregnancy100-150%
VII Proconvertin-Changes in pregnancy 150-250%
VIII Antihemophilic Changes in pregnancy200-500%
IX Antihemophilic B (Christmas factor) changes in

pregnancy 100-150%
X Stuart- Prower Factor Changes in pregnancy 150-250%
XI Antihemophilic Factor C Changes in pregnancy 50-100%
XII Hageman Factor Changes in pregnancy 100-200%
XIII Fibrin Stabilizing Factor Changes in pregnancy 35-75%
Antithrombin III Changes in pregnancy 75-100%
Antifactor Xa Changes in pregnancy 75-100%
Factors XI and XIII decrease in pregnancy. All other factors
increase or remain the same.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

<20mm/h. Increases in pregnancy
Fibrin Degradation Products
<10ug/ml. High levels with abruption, fetal demise, and
disseminated intravascular coagulations.
Glycohemoglobin
Hgb A1C 3.6- 4.9%; Hgb A1 5.1-7.8%
Iron
Iron 50-132ug/dl;
Iron binding capacity
265-411ug/dl
Iron saturation
20-55%;
Transferrin
200-400mg/dl
Lipase
4-24u/dl
Magnesium
(You must know what units your laboratory are using,
mg/dL, mEq/l or mmol/L)
Note: 2.7 mg/dL=2 mEq/L=1 mmol/L

1.8-3.0mg/dl 10mEq/l=1.22mg/dl
Slight decrease in pregnancy (10%)
Therapeutic level 4-7mg/dl
Loss of patellar reflex 8-12mg/dl
Feeling of warmth, flushing 9-12mg/dl
Somnolence 10-12mg/dl
Slurred speech 10-12mg/dl
Muscular paralysis 15-17mg/dl
Respiratory difficulty 15-17mg/dl
Cardiac arrest 30-35mg/dl
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Markers of bone

turnover
8-65pg/ml
In one study, morning blood and urine samples were
obtained for laboratory tests: within 3 months before
conception (baseline); between 22 and 24 gestational
weeks; after delivery, and 6 and 12 months postpartum.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), parathyroid
hormone, bone specific alkaline phosphates, osteocalcin
(OC), procollagen I carboxypeptides, calcium, phosphate
and creatinine in addition to urine deoxypyridinoline
crosslinks and calcium were measured. There was no
significant difference in the values of urinary calcium /
creatinine and serum calcium, phosphate and 25-OH-D
between the different visits during the study.
Phosphorus
2.5-5.0mg/dl
Plasma levels of inorganic phosphorus do not change
appreciably from nonpregnant levels.
Platelet Count
135,000-150,000/mm
Mild Gestational Thrombocytopenia Plt. Count 100,000-
149,000/mm
Moderate Gestational Thrombocytopenia Plt. Count 50,000-
99,000/mm
Profound Gestational Thrombocytopenia Plt. Count <50,000
Prothrombin Time (PT)

10.6-12.9 Sec. No significant change in pregnancy
Thrombin Time
Normal within 5 sec. of control
Thyroid Functions
Tyroxine (T4)5.0 12.6ug/dl
Free Thyroxine(FreeT4)1.6-2.4ng/dl;
Triiodothyronine (FreeT3) 125-300pg/dl;
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 0.5-3.8 uU/ml
Venous blood was tested for human chronic gonadotropin
(hCG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin
(FT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3). Early pregnancy
thyroid function tests showed a significant decrease (p <
0.001) in TSH and a significant increase (p < 0.001) in TT3
as compared to the nonpregnant state; FT4, however, did
not change significantly. In 8 (11.2%) pregnant subjects,
TT3 levels were above the normal range for nonpregnant
controls. Elevated thyroid function in early pregnancy is
transient, and does not usually warrant antithyroid
treatment. Thus, any conclusion regarding thyroid function
in early pregnancy should be based on pregnant controls
rather than general population controls.
Uric Acid
Adult females: 2.0 - 6.5 mg/dl; in early pregnancy uric acid

levels fall by about one-
third but rise to non-pregnant levels by term
By.AmrKamal
on Facebook
) ‫جروب ( التحاليل الطبية خطوة بخطوة‬
https://www.facebook.com/groups/1Medicalanalysis
Dr.amr kamal :
https://www.facebook.com/Cap.amr.kamal

مرجع شامل لكل رموز ومصطلحات التحاليل الطبية

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

مرجع شامل لكل رموز ومصطلحات التحاليل الطبية

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫جميع رموز واختصارات التحاليل الطبية‬

‫والنسب الطبيعه والغير طبيعه مع التفسير‬

ACP = Acid Phosphates

AFP = Alpha fetoprotein

ALP = Alkaline phosphates

ALT = Alanine transaminase (SGPT)

ASOT = Antistreptolysin – O-titre

AST = Aspartate transaminase (SGOT)

BSC = Blood Sugar Curve

BUN = Blood Urea Nitrogen

CBP = Complete Blood Picture

CEA = Carcinombryronic antigen

CO2 = Carbon Dioxide

CPK = Creatine Phosphokinase

CRP = C - reactive protein

CUA = Complete Urine Analysis

DLC = Differential Leukocyte Count

ELIZA = Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

ESR = Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

FBS = Fasting Blood Sugar

FSH = Follicular Stimulating Hormones

G-6-PD = Glucose – 6- Phosphate Dehydrgenase

HAVAb = Hepatitis A- antibodies

HAV = Hepatitis A Virus

HB% = Hemoglobin percent

HBs Ag = Hepatitis B surface antigen

HbA1c = Glycosylated Hemoglobin

HCV Ab = Hepatitis C Virus antibodies

HDLc = High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

HGH = Human Growth Hormone

HIV = AIDS virus (Human Immunodeficient Virus)

LDH = Lactate Dehydrogenase

LDL = Low Density Lipoproteins

MCH = Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

MCV = Mean Corpuscular Volume

MCHC = Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin conc.

OGTT = Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

PSA = Prostate Specific Antigen

RBC = Red Blood Cell count

TSH = Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

WBC = White Blood Cell Count

MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)

Normal Adult Range: 80 - 100 fl

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

R.B.C. (Red Blood Cell Count)

W.B.C. (White Blood Cell Count)

NEUTROPHILS and NEUTROPHIL COUNT

Normal Adult Range: 48 - 73 %

- Elevated levels may indicate active viral infections such

Normal Adult Range: 18 - 48 %

MONOCYTES and MONOCYTE COUNT

- Elevated levels are seen in tissue breakdown or chronic

Normal Adult Range: 0 - 9 %

EOSINOPHILS and EOSINOPHIL COUNT –

Normal Adult Range: 0-5%

Normal Adult Range: 135-146 mEq/L

Normal Range: 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/L

Decreased levels with decreased serum albumin may

Normal Adult Range: 95-112 mEq/L

Optimal Adult Reading: 103 mEq/L

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

Normal Adult Range: 22-32 mEq/L

Serum calcium is not at all reflective of total body stores of