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General Physics 2
General Physics 2
General Physics 2
Physics 2 12
General Physics 2 – Grade 12
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Electric Charge
First Edition, 2020
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government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the
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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
PRETEST
Choose the letter of the BEST correct answer. Write the chosen letter in your
notebook.
1. Two balls are repelling each other as they hang from the ceiling. What
can you say about their charges?
A. one is positive, the other one is negative
B. both are positive
C. both are negative
D. both are positive or both are negative
2. A metal ball hangs from the ceiling by an insulating thread. The ball is
attracted to a positive-charged rod heald near the ball. What must be the
charge of the ball?
A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. positive or negative
3. In which way is the electric force similar to the gravitational force?
A. Electric force is proportional to the mass of the object.
B. Electric force is similar in strength to gravitational force.
C. Electric force is both attractive and repulsive.
D. Electric force decreases in strength as the distance between the charges
increases
4. Which activity does not produce the same results as the other three?
A. sliding over a plastic-covers automobile seat
B. walking across a woolen carpet
C. scraping food from a metal bowl with a metal spoon
D. brushing dry hair with a plastic comb
5. A negatively charged object is brought close to the surface of a conductor,
whose opposite side is then grounded. What is this process of charging
called?
A. charging by contact
B. charging by induction
C. charging by conduction
D. charging by polarization
RECAP
Value of Mass in
Name of
Symbol Charge charge kilogram
Particle
Coulomb (C) (kg)
Electron
Proton
Neutron
LESSON
Pairs of electrical charges have a force that acts between them. It is called the
electric force. Unlike gravity which can only be an attractive force, the electric force
can be either attractive or repulsive.
Electrostatics deals with the interaction of electric charge at rest. But how
do charges interact?
Have you ever experience something in the parts of your body that you can’t
explain where it came from? Like...
Copyright © https://google/images Copyright © https://google/images Copyright © https://google/images
These are examples of how charges transfer from one object to another.
On your browser, copy this link to explore how charges transfer from one
object to another https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-
electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html
As you can see, the balloon, the cloth, and the wall are neutrally charged,
meaning they have equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Positive charge:
When an object has a positive charge, it means that it has more protons than
electrons.
Negative charge:
When an object has a negative charge, it means that it has more electrons than
protons.
Neutral charge:
When an object has an equal number of protons and electrons it means the object
is neutrally charged.
When you
release the negatively
charged balloon, it is
being attracted to the
positively charged
cloth. But if you place
the balloon near the
wall, you can see that
the negatively charged
particles on the wall
are being repelled by
the negatively charged
balloon. Thus we can
say that unlike
charges attract and
like charges repel
Process of Charging:
Charging by Friction
When two objects are rubbed against each other, charge transfer
takes place. One of the objects loses electrons while the other object
gains electrons. The object that loses electrons becomes positively
charged and the object that gains electrons becomes negatively
charged. Both the objects get charged due to friction and this method
of charging is commonly known as electrification by friction.
Charging by Conduction
The method of charging an uncharged object by bringing it close and
in contact with a charged object is known as charging by conduction.
The charged conductor has an unequal number of protons and
electrons, hence when an uncharged conductor is brought near it, it
discharges electrons to stabilize itself.
A conductor is an object or type of
material that allows the flow of charge
(electrical current) in one or more
directions. Materials made of metal are
common electrical conductors.
Electrical current is generated by the
flow of negatively charged electrons,
positively charged holes, and positive
or negative ions in some cases.
Charging by Induction
The process of charging an uncharged conductor by bringing it near a
charged conductor without any physical contact is known as charging
by induction.
https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/concept/classification-of-materials-conductors-and-insulators-209361/
ACTIVITIES
Determine the charge on the object and explain why it has this charge:
Reference: https://studylib.net/doc/8476708/01.1-laws-of-electric-charge-worksheet
Activity 2 – Law of Charges
Describe what charge is on each object and the law of electric charge is applied.
Reference: https://studylib.net/doc/8476708/01.1-laws-of-electric-charge-worksheet
WRAP-UP
Complete the table about what you have learned about electric charge:
VALUING/APPLICATION
POSTTEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in your notebook.
1. When two dissimilar materials contact each other some of the electrons
in one material will be drawn into the other material, this effect can be
increased by rubbing the two surfaces together. What charging process is
involved?
A. charging by conduction
B. charging by friction
C. charging by induction
D. all of the above
2. A student has a neutrally charged glass rod and a neutrally charged silk
cloth. When the student rubs the silk cloth on the glass rod, the rod
acquires a net positive charge. What is the charge on the silk cloth after
the student performs this experiment?
A. the silk has no charge
B. the silk has a charge that is equal in magnitude to the glass rod’s
charge, but it is negative
C. the silk is positively charged and has a greater magnitude of charge
than the glass rod
D. the silk is negatively charged and has a smaller magnitude of charge
than the glass rod
3. All matters are said to be neutral wherein the numbers of electron and protons are
equal so once charges it do not stay for a long time because of the following factors
except;
A. amount of charge gain
B. presence of polar molecules
C. type of charge
D. type of material
4. Rubber is a nonconducting material that is why it cannot easily conduct
heat and electricity. Which is the best explanation for this situation?.
A. it has excess electrons which are loosely bounded with its nuclei so it
can free to move
B. it has a deficiency in electrons which are tightly bounded with their
nuclei so it can not move freely
C. it has few electrons
D. it has no electrons
5. A negatively charged object is brought close to the surface of a conductor,
whose opposite side is then grounded. What kind of charge is left on the
conductor’s surface?
A. neutral
B. negative
C. positive
D. both positive and negative
KEY TO CORRECTION
5. C 4. B 3. C 2. B 1. B
Posttest:
kg -27 1.67 x 10 0 neutral n Neutron
Recap:
5. D 4. C 3. D 2. B 1. D
Pretest:
R E F E R E N CE S
Faughn, J. S.; Serway, R. A. Holts Physics, Teacher’s Edition Textbook, 2006. Pages
160-163.
Tom Strong. Honors Physics Review Notes. 2009. Mt. Lebanon High School
Walker, James S., Physics, Fourth Edition. 2010. Lecture Outline, Chapter 7.
Pearson Education, Inc.