1. What are the firing/shooting positions? Explain each.

• Shooter in prone position

The prone position is the most accurate of the four; however, the low angle may limit your view of the
target if there is tall grass or brush in-between. It also takes more time than the other positions to
assume. Pay special attention to the muzzle of your rifle as there is greater risk that it will contact the
ground and may become lodged with dirt or mud. Do not attempt to stand up while holding the rifle.
Before rising, place it on the ground, stand, then pick up the rifle, again paying special attention to the
muzzle.

• kneeling

Shooter in kneeling position for the kneeling position, the rear knee is placed on the ground; the other
leg supports the elbow of the forward arm. The elbow should not be placed on the kneecap, bone to
bone, as this will cause you to wobble. The elbow should be placed on muscle, usually the quadriceps.
Many hunters use this position in waist-high cover.

• Sitting

In the sitting position, both arms are supported. The same care should be taken to avoid elbow to
kneecap contact. You can sit with your legs apart or crossed. You can also wrap your arm around your
knee and rest the fore stock on the muscles of your bent arm.Many hunters use this position when
sitting against a tree.

• Standing

With no support other than muscle strength, this is the most difficult position for accurate shooting. It is
the least effective for long distances and should only be used for short range shots. This is the quickest
position to adopt and affords the greatest visibility of the target, especially in dense cover. You should
stand perpendicular to the target with your feet roughly shoulder width apart. For a right-handed
shooter, the left hand holds the fore stock, elbow pointing down. The right hand holds the grip, elbow
pointing out, but not exaggerated. The butt of the rifle should be snug against your shoulder. Remember
to keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire.

• The “Hasty Sling”

One way to steady shots when you don’t have rest is by using your rifle sling to create tension between
your arm and the rifle. This technique is called the “Hasty Sling” and can be employed in each of the four
shooting positions. As with the shooting positions, practice the Hasty Sling so you are confident using
this techniques.
2. Types of rifle. Explain each.

• Lever-Action Rifles

One of the first rifle designs was the lever-action. This kind of rifle made use of a handle that was placed
behind the trigger. It also had a cartridge that was pulled out of the magazine running along the barrel
and loaded into a chamber in order to be fired.

These guns are less accurate than other rifles and a bit heavier.

These rifles are usually pictured being used by cowboys and Old West types. That’s mainly because they
were a popular gun of choice by filmmakers who made Western movies. The Winchester models of the
1800s are still associated with lever-action rifles to this day.

• Bolt-Action Rifles

Bolt-action rifles make use of a small handle that sticks out of the side of the gun.

With a simple hand movement, the user can discharge a spent cartridge, load a new one from the
magazine, and close the chamber seamlessly.

This kind of action is extremely popular today, thanks to its accuracy, durability, and simplicity. Like
other kinds of rifles, bolt-action ones make use of either an external or built-in magazine in order to hold
cartridges. This design means that the gun can utilize a wide range of cartridge sizes. However, one of
the big disadvantages of this is that the trigger hand has to leave the gun and regrip after each shot.
Despite that, these rifles are extremely popular and preferred by marksmen and snipers alike.

•Semi-Automatic Rifles

These kinds of rifles are much newer to the world of firearms. They’re also very popular among
marksmen and sport shooters. With this kind of weapon, the shooter only needs to move the action
once into a firing position After that, the action will automatically eject the old round and reload a new
one with each pull and release of the trigger. These rifles can usually be fired more quickly than other
types of rifles. However, due to their design, they’re also prone to malfunctioning.

• Air Rifle

Unlike a regular rifle, an air rifle uses compressed carbon dioxide or just regular air to propel the ammo.
Air rifles can be used for fun, target practice, or to even take down small game. The firing process of BBs
occurs in a matter of milliseconds. The most common kinds of air rifles use spring pistons. After the user
flexes the lever of the air rifle, the piston moves back into the mainspring, which causes compression
until it reaches the sear. Once the trigger is pulled, the sear becomes disengaged and the mainspring
decompresses. When this happens, the elastic potential energy is released and the piston pushes
forward. The air in the pump cylinder then becomes compressed and the air pressure increases. That
pressurized air then propels the ammunition forward.
• Break-Action Rifles.

Break action is a type of firearm action in which the barrel or barrels are hinged much like a door and
rotate perpendicularly to the bore axis to expose the breech and allow loading and unloading of
cartridges. A separate operation may be required for the cocking of a hammer to fire the new round.
There are many types of break-action firearms; break actions are universal in double-barreled shotguns,
double rifles and combination guns, and are also common in single shot rifles, pistols especially
derringers, and shotguns, and can also be found in flare guns, grenade launchers, air guns and some
older revolver designs. They are also known as hinge-action, break-open, break-barrel, break-top, or, on
old revolvers, top-break actions.